Professional Documents
Culture Documents
20, Athens
RECYCLING CONCRETE
-The present state and future perspectiveKoji Sakai Kagawa University, Japan
Concrete
Constituents: coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement (limestone and clay), and water The most bountiful resources on the Earth Therefore, concrete is the second most consumed material on the Earth after water. at present: more than 20 billion tons 1950: 2 billion tons
China 49%
India 6.5%
Japan 2.2%
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05
20
35
50
65
80
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Keeling Curve
Aggregates Steel production (iron ore) Gold production (gold ore) Wood Others Total
CO2 emissions from aggregate production: 160 million tons
20 1 0.7 3 1.3 26
(billion tons)
Construction
Total: 1,000 (million t/year)
Others
Wood Steel
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241
228
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Construction Waste
Total: 75 (million t/year)
Wood Sludge Others Asphalt concret e
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()
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19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96 95 94 93
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10
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20
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Croatia Denmark Norway Portugal Turkey Spain Finland Slovakia Ireland Italy Sweden Romania France Austria Poland Czech Republic Germany Switzerland Belgium Netherlands
United Kingdom
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1995
Mostly used as road subbase
2000 0 10 20 30 40
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Production (million t)
Concrete production
Concrete waste
1950
2000 Year
2050
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19
20
No
1st
2nd
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Heating: 300
Vibrating screen
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Classifier
Recycled Coarse Aggregate Heating Tower Input Hopper Fine Aggregate Mill Recycled Fine Aggregate
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Heating at 300C
Rubbing process
Concrete rubble
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26
27
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Usual case
1,010
3,580 1,042
17,852
2,349
CO2 Emission
P1:Road sub-bases production, P2: Recycled aggregate recovering, P3: Concrete mixing and delivery, P4: Ground improvement
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Motor
Crushed concrete lumps are passed downward between an outer and inner cylinder.
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New apartment Houses 7 x 9-19-storied Recycled coarse aggregate: 3,000 t Recycled concrete volume: 3,000 m3 ( Total concrete volume:40,000 m3 )
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Steel ball
Drum 4000mm
Partition Plate
Passing hole
Coarse and fine aggregates are produced by separating a drum into small sections with partitions.
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JIS A 5022
Recycled concrete using recycled aggregate Class M
JIS A 5023
Recycled concrete using recycled aggregate Class L
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Class - M
Coarse not less than Fine not less than
Class - L
Coarse Fine
Ovendry density
(g/cm3)
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.2
Water not more not more not more not more not more not more Absorp- than than than than than than tion 3.0 3.5 5.0 7.0 7.0 13.0
(%)
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35
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Demands
Quality stabilization Reduction of quality control cost
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Physical treatment
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Crush
Proposed technology
< Recycled aggregate > High-quality aggregate with low energy < Concrete >
Mechanical properties
and
Aggregate
Mortar matrix
Recycling performance
Existing technology
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30sec.
Energy consumption of the aggregate recycling utilizing microwave heating is small compared to existing technologies.
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Marx Generator
Concrete
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The dielectric breakdown of gas occurs in concrete by the pulsed electric discharge at first. Ionized gas forms plasma and explosive volumetric change tears concrete matrix. The shock wave is also generated at the same time. The shock wave generates the tensile stress at the boundary and mortar is separated from aggregate.
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Controllable Fracture
20 shots
60 shots
100 shots Concrete can be demolished under the controlled fracture by frequency of discharge and energy of discharge per once.
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Environmental Benefit
For processing of 1000 kg of concrete waste; Rubbing method with pre-heating Pulsed Power method
Energy 29 kWh/t (*) 17.8 kWh/t (+) Consumption CO2 11.32 kg-CO2/t (*) 7.24 kg-CO2/t (+) Emission
(*) refer to RECOMMENDATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES (DRAFT), JSCE, 2006. (+) estimated from experimental results of processing of 4 kg of concrete.
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Acknowledgment
I would like to thank Dr. Noguchi, The University of Tokyo, and Dr. Shigeyoshi and Prof. Ohtsu, Kumamoto University, for providing their PPT information on concrete recycling.
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