Industrial Power

SST-700 Steam Turbine Environmental Product Declaration

according to ISO 14021

www.siemens.com/energy

Sustainability as opportunity
Sustainability is the basis for how we do business Our goal is to create value for the long term by treating people and the environment in a responsible manner. Innovative products and solutions are the foundation for our success They help our customers to achieve their business goals while meeting global challenges such as urbanization, demographic change, climate change and resource scarcity. We walk the talk We pursue ambitious goals with regard to resource efficiency and environmental protection; we see our employees as our most valuable asset and develop them for the long term; we value a corporate culture with a strong emphasis on integrity; and we promote education, social issues, arts and culture wherever we operate.

Siemens aims to set the highest standards for Environmental Protection. We urge our business partners to share this ambition. We cooperate with both customers and suppliers in an honest and open dialog in order to drive forward a joint effort to attain continuous improvement. The main objective of our environmental work is to prevent pollution and continually to reduce the environmental impact from our activities in order to protect the environment for future generations. To meet these objectives, we will maintain and further develop a culture in which reducing the environmental impact of the product life-cycle is an integral part of our daily work practice. Our integrated management system for environment, health and safety, ISO 9001, 14001 and OHSAS 18001, is implemented worldwide within the Siemens Energy Sector.

SST-700 IP turbine at the Solnova 1 CSP plant near Sanlcar la Mayor, Spain.

SST-700 HP Turbine module in the German workshop.

Steam Turbines for Renewables

The replacement of fossil fuels by renewables,using e.g. sun and biomass, and the enhancement of the conversion efficiency of heat into electricity are the most important challenges for the power generation industry. Siemens offers an extensive steam turbine portfolio in order to meet these challenges. With over a century of experience and continuous development in steam turbine technology, Siemens has stayed at the forefront of development, is a leader in plant installation and a prime partner for your business. Product stewardship: The Siemens standard SN 36350 Environmental compatibility is a cornerstone of product design at Siemens. In 1994, we published an in-house standard, SN 36350, to advance environmentally friendly product design throughout the company. The standard has since been expanded to provide product development engineers with a comprehensive toolbox. Siemens SN 36350 defines standards for environmentally compatible product and system design handling of critical substances packaging declaration of substances in products environmental product declarations.

These requirements and regulations are accompanied by a guideline giving examples of how to implement the standards requirements; a semi-quantitative tool for evaluating a products environmental footprint is also available. The standard describes how to address the needs of environmentally compatible product and system design in management systems.

Environmental Product Declaration

The data in this Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) are related to one SST-700, 50MW concentrated solar power (CSP) steam turbine. The environmental impact is given by the specific material footprint and by the global warming potential (GWP) related to the product. The GWP has been evaluated within a full scale Life Cycle Assessment study according to ISO 14040.

Product description
The SST-700 is a dual-casing steam turbine with up to 175 MW power output. It is specially designed for power generation applications. In order to make the best use of large changes in volumetric flow from inlet to outlet, the SST-700 turbine steam expansion is divided into two different modules: one high-pressure turbine (HP) and one low-pressure turbine (LP), operating at different speeds.

SST-700 steam turbine generator set

The two modules are combined to provide the turbine configuration that is most suitable for a specific application. Optimum performance is assured by selecting an optimal size for each cylinder appropriate to volumetric flow and by using two different and optimized speeds for the HP and LP turbines. Internally controlled process steam extraction provides a constant extraction pressure over a broad range of steam flows, a feature that makes the SST-700 steam turbines both flexible and easy to operate. Bleed extractions are available and can be equipped with external pressure control valves. With a symmetrical barrel type casing and small dimensions of the hot parts, resulting in low thermal and mechanical inertia, the SST-700 turbine can accept very short start-up times and rapid load changes. The reliable and well proven turbine is optimized for solar steam cycles. The latest upgrade reflects feedback from the CSP plants already in operation and allows for improved start-up times and higher internal efficiency. The new design enables a double-reheat steam cycle, which further improves the plant efficiency.

Material allocation
The SST-700 consists to nearly 100 percent of steel, predominantly low-alloyed steel. The following diagram shows the material allocation of the product.

0.4% 21% 32 32%

47%

High alloy steel Low alloy steel Non alloyed steel Others 5

Key Environmental Performance Indicators

Siemens uses standard life-cycle software for the evaluation of the environmental impact of all product life-cycle stages. All results are verified by internal reviews.

phase, on the other hand, has no real impact on the GWP of the product. Environmental benefit Concentrated solar power plants (CSP) enable mankind to generate power without using fossil fuels. Not using fossil fuels protects our natural resources and helps to avoid the emission of greenhouse gases. The SST-700 saves around 2,610kt CO2 over its lifetime compared to the world fossil average (see calculation below). Thus it makes a tremendous contribution to environmental protection. CSP plants require steam turbines which are optimized for their complex and challenging cycle conditions. The SST-700 meets all these environmental and technological challenges.

Global Warming Potential

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 59%

32% 7%
Material Manufacturing Transport

2%
Operation

End of life Recycling reduces the environmental impact of the product and gives a positive contribution to the overall GWP of the product (not shown).

Global Warming Potential Global warming is the rising of the global temperature due to emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The GWP is evaluated in CO2 equivalents. The GWP of the SST-700 is shown in the figure above. The diagram is separated into the four life-cycle sections Materials, Manufacturing, Transport and Operation. Nearly two thirds of the environmental impact of global warming are caused by the Materials. The operational
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Greenhouse gas emissions savings of one SST-700, 50MW, CSP

Power generation: 3,000GWh in 20 years of operation*
* referring to 3000h of operating per year

CO2 savings: 2,610kt CO2 in 20 years of operation**

** a  gainst world fossil average of 870kg/MWh

Description of the life-cycle stages

An important product focus for Siemens is to minimize the environmental impacts from resource extraction through to ultimate disposal. At every stage, Siemens has developed trendsetting solutions in accordance with sustainable life-cycle thinking.

Materials The life-cycle stage Materials includes the material inventory which involves the extraction of natural resources, transport to the processing sites and the production of raw materials. All product materials have been chosen with regard to minimizing environmental impact. The SST-700 consists mainly of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. This ensures a high degree of recyclability. Manufacturing and Transport The Manufacturing section covers all production processes up to the assembly of the finished product at the manufacturing site. The essential data like energy, water and gas consumption, are based on the annual manufacturing data of the site. The Transportation section includes the transport, mainly per sea, to the customer site. For this LCA a customer site in the south of Spain was assumed. Operation The life-cycle stage Operation covers all environmental impacts of the described product system during its operation phase. This also includes the related service equipment. For steam turbines, and therefore also for this LCA, a normal operation time of about 20 years is assumed. Its flexibility and inherent reliability have made the SST-700 the steam turbine of choice for the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) industry. End of life The end-of-life scenario includes the disassembly, recycling and thermal treatment of all recyclable materials and also the disposal of all other materials. Recycling reduces significantly the consumption of primary materials. A high degree of recycl ability is given due to the high amount of steel for the SST-700. In the case of steel, the recycling rates are nearly 100%.
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Published by and copyright 2012: Siemens AG Energy Sector Freyeslebenstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen, Germany Siemens AG Energy Sector Oil & Gas Division Wolfgang-Reuter-Platz 47053 Duisburg, Germany

For more information, contact our Customer Support Center. Phone: +49 180/524 70 00 Fax: +49 180/524 24 71 (Charges depending on provider) E-mail: support.energy@Siemens.com www.siemens.com/energy Oil & Gas Division Order No. E50001-E410-T116-X-4A00 Dispo 34806, bdk 110133, WS 0512 Printed on paper treated with chlorinefree bleach.

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