P2I

RESEARCHREPORT

TRANSLATIONSHIFTFOUNDINTHENOVEL NOGREATERLOVEBY DANIELLESTEEL

BY DRA.THATHITMANONANDINI,M.HUM.

ENGLISHDEPARTMENT FACULTYOFTEACHERTRAININGANDEDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAHUNIVERSITYOFMALANG 2007

1.a.Researchtitle

APPROVALSHEET RESEARCHPROPOSALPBI :TranslationShiftFoundinTheNovelNo GreaterLoveby DanielleSteel :Education :I : :Dra.ThathitManonAndini,M.Hum. :Perempuan :IIIB,PenataMudaTk.I,104.9109.244. :Asistenahli :ViceDeanIII :TeacherTrainingandEducation/English :Research BureauofMuhammadiyah UniversityofMalang : :Jl.RayaTlogomas246.Malang (0341)464318.Fax.(0341)460435 :Jl.TlogoIndahIA/9Malang65144 (0341)555729 :MuhammadiyahUniversityofMalang :10months :Rp.2.000.000.(TwoMillionsRupiahs)

b.Fieldofstudy c.Researchcategorization 2.Researcher a. Name b. Sex c. Golongan,PangkatdanNIP d. Fungsionaldegree e. Structuraldegree f. Faculty/departmet g.Researchcenter 3.AddressofResearcher a. Office/Telp/Fax/EMail b. Residence/Telp/Fax/EMail 5.Researchlocation 6.Timeallocation 8.Researchcost

Legalizedby: DeanofKIP,

Malang,14Juni,2007 Researcher,

Drs.Fauzan,M.Pd. NIP:104.8809.0077

Dra.ThathitManonAndini,M.Hum. NIPUMM:104.9109.244

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DR.Ir.WahyuWidodo,MS NIPUMM:110.8909.0128

LEMBARREGRISTRASIPERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITASMUHAMMADIYAHMALANG Yangbertandatangandibawahinimenerangkanbahwa: Nama NIPUMM Pangkat/Jabatan/Golongan UnintKerja :Dra.ThathitManonAndini,M.Hum. :104.9109.0244. :PenataMudaTk.I/AsistenAhli/IIIB : FIKP Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang JuduluPenelitian :TranslationShiftFoundinTheNovelNoGreater LovebyDanielleSteel

Bahwa Penelitian tersebut telah terdokumentasikan di Perpustakaan Pusat Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, dengan register No: 6.K /../ Perpus / UMM// 2007, tanggal2007.

Malang,. KaPerpustakaan,

Drs.Ec.Shobari,M.M.

ABSTRACT TRANSLATIONSHIFTFOUNDINTHENOVEL NOGREATERLOVEBYDANIELLESTEEL BY ThathitManonAndini Translationisaninterestingthingtodobecauseintranslation,translatorsdo many things and also get so many things. The translators face many difficulties in finding the closest equivalence. Equivalence in meaning is the main factor in translation.Goodtranslationisthatthereisnoanydistortionin meaning. Due to those difficulties, Larson (1984:22) says that translation is a complicated process. Barnwell (1983:15) says that a good translation should be accurate,clear,andnaturalsoitisnotsoundforeign. Theprincipleintranslationis thesamenessmeaninginthesourcelanguage(TL)andthetargetlanguage(TL).One ofthecompetenciesthatshouldbepossessedbytranslatorsislanguagecompetence. Other competencies are textual competence, subject competence, cultural competence,andtransfercompetence. To get a good translation, there are so many factors that should be rememberedbytranslator.Thetwoimportantfactorsarelinguisticsfactorthatcover words, phrases, clauses and sentence nonlinguistic factors cover the cultural knowledge on both source and target language culture (Nababan, 1999:20). Other difficulty in translation are related to idiomatic expression because each of the languageexpress itsownculturewhere it isused(Tarjana,200:2).Anotheroneis nounphrase.Soemarno(200:1)saysthatthedifficultiesnotonlythevocabularybut also the word structure. The other difficulty is in the process of transferring the meaningfromsourcelanguageintothetargetone. To find the closest equivalence: Equivalence at word level and above word level,grammaticalequivalence,TextualequivalenceandPragmaticequivalence,the translators do the translation shift. Shift in translation is permitted as far as it does not change the meaning. It is the reason why the researcher wants to conduct the researchontranslationshift. As far as translation shift are concerned, Cardford gives two types of translation shifts, namely level shifts, and category shifts that are divided into structureshifts,classshifts,unitshifts,andIntrasystemshifts.Inthisresearch,itis limitedinstructureshifts. Thisresearchisdescriptiveresearch.Descriptiveresearchisdesigntoobtain informationconcerningthecurrentstatusofphenomenon(Ary,1979:295).According toJohnW.Best(1970:25)Descriptiveresearchdescribeswhat itis.Itinvolvesthe description,recording,analysis,andinterpretationofconditionsthatexist. Thedatasourcesofthisresearchare:1)Documents.The documents in this research is the translated novel with the title Yang Terkasih the translation from NoGreaterLoveby DanielleSteelTranslatedby IndriKaHidayat. The result of this research shows that the translatordid structural and class shifts in translating No Greater Love. In relation to this shift, some of them are inappropriatesoitmakesthemeaningortheidea ofthesentencesarechanged. ***

CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION I.THEBACKGROUNDOFRESEARCH Translationisatargettextwrittenasaresultofthetranslatorcomprehension of source text. As a means of communication, the translation should be accurate, clearandnaturalandalsoshouldbetheresamenessinmeaning,paralellisminform. To get a good translation, there are so many factors that should be rememberedbytranslator.The twoimportantfactorsarelinguisticsfactorthatcover words, phrases, clauses and sentence nonlinguistic factors cover the cultural knowledge on both source and target language culture (Nababan, 1999:20). Other difficulty in translation are related to idiomatic expression because each of the languageexpressitsownculturewhereitisused(Tarjana,2000:2).Anotheroneis nounphrase.Soemarno(2000:1)saysthatthedifficultiesnotonlythe vocabulary butalsothewordstructure.Theotherdifficulty isintheprocessoftransferringthe meaningfromsourcelanguageintothetargetone. Due to those difficulties, Larson (1984:22) says that translation is a complicated process. Barnwell (1983:15) says that a good translation should be accurate,clear,andnaturalsoitisnotsoundforeign. Theprincipleintranslationis thesamenessmeaninginthesourcelanguage(TL)andthetargetlanguage(TL).One ofthecompetenciesthatshouldbepossessedbytranslatorsislanguagecompetence. Other competencies are textual competence, subject competence, cultural competence,andtransfercompetence. Students of English Department of teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Malang are not only given the knowledge about teachinglearningprocess,butalsotheknowledgeontranslationasoneofoptional subjectsbesidesEnglishBusiness,EnglishforYoungLearners,andAmericanstudy. Thissubjectgiventothestudentstogivetheknowledgeabouttranslation.Weknow that translation is much needed by someone to transfer one language to another language.Bygivingthissubject,itishopedthatitwillgivemorechancetostudents to get a job other than to be a teacher as the main purpose of their studying in Faculty of teacher training and education to be a teacher. Besides, the optional subjectgiventothestudentsare. Intranslatingtext,therearesomanyaspectsthatshouldberememberedby translator. One of them is mastering language both source language and target 4

language.Itisoneofthereasonswhytheresearcherconductstheresearchrelatedto the students grammatical problems related to the linguistic aspect in English language. The problems usually faced by students are lexical problems and grammatical problems. Grammatical problems cover the problems related to the word in relationto the other word. In getting a goodtranslation, the translators or studentshavetoknowthegrammarofthetwolanguage.Sothatiswhy,accordingto theresearcher,thisresearchisnecessarytobedone.Byknowingtheproblems,the teacherwillchoosethemostappropriatethestrategyhowtosolvetheproblemtoget betterstudentsacquisition. Based on the previous explanation, the writer thinks that this research is necessary to be done to know the students grammatical problems in translating IndonesiaintoEnglishandthesolutiontakenbystudents.Knowingthesolutiondone bystudentsisveryimportantbecauseiftheycansolvetheirproblemappropriately, they will result a good translation. By identifying their problems, the lecturer will identifyitandhavethesolutionhowtoimprovetheweaknesses.Itishopedthatby joiningtranslationclass,theirabilityintranslatingwillbebetterthanbefore. II.RESEARCHPROBLEMS This research will be done to answer the problems (1)what kinds of translationshiftsfoundinNoGreaterLovebyDanielleSteel?And(2)howisthe equivalenceofmeaningofthetranslationshift?

CHAPTERII REVIEWRELATEDLITERATURE 1.Thedefinitionoftranslation Translationisnotonlythetransferringsomethingwritteninsourcelanguage intotargetlanguage.Munday(2000:4)saysthatthetermtranslationitselfhasseveral meanings: it can refer to the product and the process. The product involves the translated text and the process involves the translator changing an original written text(sourcelanguage)intowrittentext(targetlanguage)indifferentverballanguage. Nida and Taber (1982:12) proposes a rather complete definition of translation.Accordingtothetwoexperts,Translatingconsistingofreproducingin thereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalenceofsourcelanguagemessage, firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.Thedefinitionproposedby Nida and Taber contain some elements that should be taken into account by a translatorinperforming his/hertask:reproducingthemessage,equivalence, natural equivalence,closestequivalence,priorityonmeaningandalsostyle. According to the definition, the translator should try to reproduce the messagecontainedinthesourcelanguageintotheoneinthetargetlanguage.Inthis matter, what the translator should do in translating is to create the equivalent message, not the form in thetarget language. Or it can be stated that an emphases shouldbeputonthereproductionofthemessageratherthantheconversationofthe formorgrammaticalstructures.Togetsuchequivalentmessage,manygrammatical andlexicaladjustmentsshouldbemade. Basedonthetwodefinition,itisknowntherearesomanyfactorsthatshould beconsideredtogetagoodtranslation.Agoodtranslation,therefore,doesnotsound liketranslation.Itshouldbenaturalasifitisoriginallywrittenintargetlanguage. 2.Translationasaproduct The productof translation is the text as a result of transferring the content, message,meaningfromonelanguagetoanother.Translationasaproductisseenas thetranslatedtextwithoutknowingtheprocesshowthetranslatorstranslate it.The readers just see the product itself whether it is readable, understandable or not. Barnwell(1984:15)saysthattranslatorcanresultagoodtranslationifthetranslator cantransferthemeaningofsourcelanguageintotargetlanguageaccurately,clearly,

and naturally. The most important thing to be remembered by translator is the meaningbecauseshouldbetheresamenessmeaning insourcelanguageandtarget language. In transferring the meaning, translators have to pay attention to the equivalence,Mc.Guire(1991:25)proposesfourtypesofequivalence,(1)Linguistic equivalence,(2)Paradigmaticequivalence,(3)Stylisticequivalence,and(4)Textual equivalence. 3.TheNatureofLinguisticMeaningandEquivalence Theprinciple intranslation isthesamenessmeaning inthesourcelanguage (TL)andthetargetlanguage(TL).ForthemessagetobeequivalentinSTandTT, the codeunits will be different because they belong to two different sign systems (language). Jakobson in Munday (2000:37) says that Equivalence in difference is thecardinalproblemoflanguageandthepivotalconcernoflinguistic.He,further, saysthattheproblemofmeaningandequivalencethusfocusesondifferenceinthe structure and terminologyof language of languages rather than on any inability of onelanguagetorenderamessagethat hasbeenwritteninanother verballanguage. Thedifferencecanbeinthegrammaticalandlexicalform. Dullayetall(1982:148)saysthattheproblemsoftenfoundintranslationis theerrorstaxonomieshavebeenbasedonthelinguisticitem.Thislinguisticcategory taxonomies classifyerrorsorproblemsaccordingtotheeitherorboththe language componentortheparticularlinguisticconstituenttheerror affects. Language components include phonology (pronunciation), syntax and morphology. Morphology involve indefinite article, possessive case, third person singular verb, simple past tense, past participle, and comparative adjective. Syntax involves noun phrase, verb phrase, Verband verb construction, word order, and sometransformation. 4.Translators Indailylife,someonewillsaythatatranslatorissomeonewhocantranslate or transfer from one language into the target one. It can be explained from the translation. Translation is a means of communication. It is an intercultural verbal activity.Translatorissomeonethatcantransferthemeaningfromonelanguageinto thetargetonebyconsideringlinguisticfactors.Nord(1997:17)says

Translators enable communication to take place between members of different culture communities. They bridge the gab between situations where differences in verbal and nonverbal behavior, expectations, knowledge andperspectivesare suchthatthere is notenough common ground for sender and receiver to communicate effectively by themselves. Another way of characterizing translators is by looking at their professional statusandthenatureoftheirdailyworkingpractice.Onthebasisofprofessionalstatus, translator can be categorized into amateur, semiprofessional, and professional translators. Amateur translators are those who do translation as hobby. Professional translators, in contrast, are translators to earns money rather than a hobby (Robinson,1997:33). Semi professional translators are between the professional translatorsandamateurtranslators. Basedonthenatureoftheirdailyworkingpractice(Nababan,2004:66)saysthat Translator can also be characterized as parttime translators and full timetranslator.Parttimetranslatorsgenerallydotranslationasasecond job. Fulltime translator, in contrast, earn money by working solely as translator.Thisdivision impliesthatparttimetranslatorsmaybe semi professional translators while fulltime translators are professional translator. 5.TranslatorsCompetence Translating in a complex activity. Larson (1984:22) says Translation is a complicated process. However, translator who is concerned with transferring the meaningwillfindthatthereceptorlanguagehasawayinwhichthedesiredmeaning canexpressed,eventhoughitmaybeverydifferentfromthesourcelanguageform. Translation,ofcourse,cannotbeseparatedtotwoaspects,theytheaspectsof linguistics and the aspects of nonlinguistics. Nida (1975:95) says The actual process of translating can be described as a complex use of language but the scientificstudyoftranslatingcanandshouldberegardedasabranchofcomparative linguistic,withadynamicdimensionandfocusuponsemantics. Based on the explanation above, to be able to translate well, there are so many aspects that should be remembered by translators. They have to have knowledgetoenablethemtotranslate. The work of translating is not only transfer the meaning from SL into TL. Besidesthelanguage knowledge(SLandTL),thetranslatorshouldpossescultural knowledge,languagestyleusedinSLandTLaswellastheprocessoftranslation.

Nababan says (2004:70) that translators should be competent in (1) Language competence, (2) Textual competence, (3) Subject competence, (4) Cultural competence,(5)Transfercompetence. 6.Transationandhabit. Translation covers two activities, those are remembering facts and rememberingfeeling.Translatorhasown theinformationandthenhowtoperformin action.Translatorworkhastobeclear,accurate,andunderstandable.Theprocessof transferring is not easy work. He has to find the closest meaning of the source language in the target language. To get the points, there so many thing that the translatortobeconsidered.Besidethelinguisticaspect,nonlinguisticaspectisalso important.Anotherthing thatisveryimportantisexperienceandhabit. 7.TranslationShifts Shift is something unavoidable in translation. In his attempt to transfer the meaningfromonelanguage(SL)toanother(TL)bymeansoftheuniversallyknown practiceoftranslation,thetranslatorfacesaplethoraoflinguistics,stylisticandeven cultural problems. In this case, Popovic (197079) says that this transfer is not performed directly and is not without difficulties. This means that the act of translationcanbeanalyzedalongrangepossibilities,whichbringaboutanumberof shiftsinthelinguistic,aestheticandintellectualvaluesofthesourcetext(ST).

8.Catfordandtheintroductionoftranslationshifts. Asfarastranslationshiftsareconcerned,Catforddefinesthemasdepatures fromformalcorrespondenceintheprocessofgoingfromtheSLtotheTL.Catford arguesthattherearetwomaintypesoftranslationshifts,namelylevelshifts,where theSlitematonelinguisticlevel(grammar)hasatadifferentlevel(e.g.lexis),and categoryshifts whicharedividedintofourtypes: 1. Structureshifts,whichinvolveagrammaticalchangebetweenthestructureof STandthatoftheTT 2. Classshifts,whenaSLitemistranslatedwithaTLitemwhichbelongstoa differentgrammaticalclass,i.e.averbmaybetranslatedwithanoun 3. Unitshifts,whichinvolvechangeranks 4. Intrasystem shifts, which occur when SL and TL process system which approximately correspond formally as to their constitution, but when

translationinvolvesselectionofanoncorrespondingtermintheTLsystem. Forinstance,whentheSLsingularbecomesaTLplural. 9.EnglishSentenceStructure 10.IndonesianSentenceStructure

11.THEPURPOSEOFTHERESEARCH Based on the research problems. The purpose of this research are (1)what kinds of translation shifts found in No Greater Love by Danielle Steel? And (2) howistheequivalenceofmeaningofthetranslationshift?

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CHAPTERIII THESIGNIFICANCEOFTHERESEARCH

The significance of this research is, theoretically, this study can give the knowledgetothereadersorstudentsaboutthetheoryoftranslation especiallyshiftin translationpractically,thereadersorthestudentswillknowthe wayhowtotranslate wellbecausetheycan shiftappropriately.

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CHAPTERIV RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY 1.ResearchDesign This research is descriptive qualitative research. Descriptive qualitative research is design to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomenon. Descriptive research describes what it is. It involves the description, recording,analysis,andinterpretationofconditionsthatexist. This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research, since the data are information about students grammatical problems in translating Indonesian into Englishandthewayhowtheysolvetheirproblems. Thekeyinstrumentofthisresearchintheresearcherherself,sotheresearcher can get information as much as possible both predicable and unpredictable data as Moleongsays(2001:123). 2.LocationoftheResearch ThisresearchisdoneinMuhammadiyahUniversityofMalang. 3.DataSources Data sources in qualitative research is man, event and attitude, documents. Moleongsaysthatbooks,scientificbooks,biography,andjournalcanbeusedasa datasources.Thedatasourcesofthisresearch are: a. Documents The documents in this research is the novelNo Greater Love by Danielle Steel?AndYangTerkasihbyIndriKHidayat.

4.DataCollection Thetechniquetogetthedataaremakinganoteofdocument.Sourcesdatain thisresearch,thenovelNoGreaterLovebyDanielleSteel?AndYangTerkasih byIndriKHidayat.

5.Dataanalysistechnique In this research, the researcher uses interactive data analysis. According to Sutopo(2002:96)therearethreestepsinthismodel,theyare(1) reductionofdata, (2)presentationofdata,(3)drawingconclusionorverification.

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Reduction of data is the step of choosing , focusing, simplifying and data arranging of gathered data. The selected data is to be given a sign in order make researcher easier to analyze the data. In this research, there are two kinds of data, theyareoraldataandwrittendata. Data presentation is an important information in a research. Written data presentation is the translated text by the students. While oral data is the oral data containstheinformationaboutthedifficultiesfacedbythestudentsintranslatingthe EnglishtextintoIndonesian. Drawingconclusionorverificationisthelaststepintheresearch.Afterdata havebeenavailable,drawingconclusionisdone.Iftheresearcherdoesnotsatisfied yet on her conclusion, she can do the data collection to complete the data. In this condition,itseemsthatqualitativeresearchprocessruninaroundactivities.

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CHAPTERV FINDINGSANDDISCUSSION 5.1.Findings In this chapter, the researcher presents the finding and discussion based on the data analysis. This finding covers (1) Structure shifts, which involve a grammaticalchangebetweenthestructureofSTandthatoftheTT(2)Classshifts, when a SL item is translated with a TL item which belongs to a different grammaticalclass,i.e.a verbmaybetranslatedwitha noun(3)Unit shifts,which involvechangeranks(4)Intrasystemshifts,whichoccurwhenSLandTLprocess system which approximately correspond formally as to their constitution,but when translation involves selection of a noncorresponding term in the TL system, for instance,whentheSLsingularbecomesaTLplural. ThisfindingpresentsthepossibilityfindingofthefourtranslationshiftinNo GreaterLove. 5.1.Findings (SL2,TL2) SL:Therewereelevenpeopleintheenormousdiningroom,anditwassocold thatEdwinacouldbarelymoreherfinger. TL: Padahal dalam ruang makan luas itu ada sebelas manusia. Udara di situ dinginnya bukanmain sampai jari Edwina kaku,hampir takbisadigerak gerakkan. SL There Were Eleven People In The Enormous Diningroom And It Was So Cold That Edwina Could Barely TL sebelas manusia dalam ruangmakan udara bukanmain dingin sampai Edwina hampirtidak

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More Her Finger

nya jari

Basedonthecontrastiveanalysisabove,itisknownthatthetranslatordidthe structural shift and also class shift. The Translator changes from one sentence becomestwosentences.Thetranslatoralsochangesthesubjectofthesentence.The Subjectofthefirstsentenceiselevenpeople,andthesecondsentenceisIt.Itcanbe saidthatthetranslatordidtheclassshift thatelevenpeoplebecomesit. Theshift foundinthetranslationdoesnotchangethemeaningofthesentence.Itisallowed, butthesentencebecomenoteffective. (SL3,TL3) SL:Sheglanceddownatthemandcaughtthegleamofherengagementringin themorningsunlight,andthensmiled,assheglancedacrossthetableather parents. TL: Gadis itu mengerling jemarinya. Cincin pertunangannya kemilau ditimpa sinar mentari pagi. Dia lalu tersenyum sambil melempar pandang kearah keduaorangtuanyayangdudukdiseberangmeja. SL She Glanceddown Atthem And Caught The Gleam Of HerEngagement Ring In The Morning Sunlight And Then Smiled As Glance Across The Table At HerParents 15 TL Gadisitu mengerling jemarinya kemilau pertunangannya Cincin sinarmentaripagi lalu tersenyum sambil melemparpandang kearah meja keduaorangtuanya

Duduk Diseberang On the above translation, the translator translates from one sentence to three sentences. Of course there is change of the structureof the two sentences(SL and TL). In theSL the structureof the sentence is S + V + Complement. In the TL the subject becomes two, they are gadis and cincin pertunangannya. This structural changes in this translation does not change the meaning but the problem is the sentence is not effective. In translation, the translator also did the class shift that Glance becomesmelemparpandang.

(SL4,TL4) 1. SL: Evenwithhiseyescastdownathisplate,shecouldseethemischiefatthe cornerofherfathersmouth. TL: Walaupuntampakseriusmenghadapipiringsarapannya,garisgarisjenaka disudutdimulutayahnyatakbisadisembunyikannya. SL Even with hiseyes castdown at hisplate she could see themischief atthecorner ofherfathersmouth TL walaupun tampakserius menghadapi piring sarapannya garisgarisjenaka di sudut dimulutayahnya takbisadisembunyikan

Basedontheanalysisabove,itcanbeseenthatthetranslatoraddsandomitsthe informationthatcausesthechangesofthemessageoftheSLsentence.Itcanbeseen inthewordtampakseriusandtakbisadisembunyikan.Thetwoinformationsarenot found in the SL. She did the structural shift. In SL, the subject ofthe sentenceis Shethatprecededbyadverbclause.InTL,thesubjectofthesentenceisgarisgaris jenaka.Inthistranslation,theshiftisnotappropriateanddisposible.

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(SL5,TL5) SL:Andshewassurethatbeneaththetable,hewasholdinghermothershand. TL: Edwinasudahbisamenebakdikolongmeja,tanganayahdanibunyapasti sedangbergenggaman. SL And She Was sure That Beneath thetable He Washolding TL Edwina sudahbisamenebak dikolongmeja tanganayahdanibunya pastisedangbergenggaman

Thetranslationabove,thetranslatoralsodidunnecessaryadditionandomission. Thetranslatordidnotdothestructuralshift.IntheSL,theSubjectofthesentence isShe,andintheTLtheSubjectisEdwina. (SL6,TL6) SL: Lefttothemselves,theywerealwaysteasingandlaughing,andwhispering playfully,andtheirfriendslikedtosaythatitwasnowondertheyhadsix children. TL: Memang begitulah mereka, terlebih kalau mereka sedang tidak diperhatikan siapasiapa saling menggoda , tertawa, berbisiskbisik, cekikikan geli. Tak heran mereka punya enam anak, begitu kawankawan merekaberkomentar. SL Lefttothemselves TL Memangbegitulahmereka terlebih kalau mereka sedang tidak diperhatikansispasiapa They Were Teasing And Lauging And Whispering 17 salingmenggoda tertawa berbisik

Playfully and theirfriends likedtosaythat it was nowonder they had six children

cekikikangeli. Takheranmereka mereka punya enam anak

Intheabovetranslation,itcanbeseenthatthetranslatordidtheclassshift.Itcan bee seen in the word Teasing that was translated into saling menggoda . In this translationthereisachangefromwordintophraseandthisphrasebecomereciprocal expressionthatwasnotfoundintheTL. (SL7,TL7) SL: Atfortyone,KateWinfieldstilllookedlikeagirl. TL: Meskipunusianyasudah41,KateWinfieldmasihmiripgadisremaja. SL Atfortyone KateWinfield still lookedlike agirl. TL Meskipun usianyasudah41 KateWinfield masih mirip gadisremaja

The example above shows thatthe translatordidthe structural shift. It can be seen thatthetranslatorchangestructureofSL.IntheSL,thesentenceconsistsofone adverbclauseAtfortyoneandonemainclauseKateWinfieldstilllookedlikeagirl. In TL, the translator changes the meaning of the adverb clause as something contradictive. It is not found in the SL. And in this translation, the translator did additioninthewordagirl becomes gadisremaja.

(SL8,TL8)

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SL: She had a lithe figure and slim waist, and walking behind them at a distance, it was often difficult to discern Kate from her oldest child, Edwina,whowasalsotallandhadshiningdarkhairandblueeyes. TL: Perawakannya ramping luwes. Dilihat dari belakang saat dia dan putri sulungnya,Erwina,berjalanberdampingan sulitdibedakanmanayangibu danmanayanganak.Edwinajugaberperawakansemampaidenganrambut hitamberkilaudansepasangmatabirujernih.

Inthistranslation,thetranslatordidaclassshiftintranslatingphraseShehada lithe figure. This phrase is translated into perawakannya. There is a change from phraseintonoun.Soitiscategorizedin classshift. In this translation, the translator also did structural shift. She did the a grammatical changebetweenthestructureofSTandthatoftheTL IntheSL ,thereisonlyonesentencebutinTLtherearetwosentences.So,itcanbe saidthattherearetwosubjectinTL.Andalsothetranslatorchangestheactivevoice in the SL int0 passive voice in the TL. It was found also that translator did the addition the phrase blue eyes becomes biru jernih. This change actually does not changethemeaningbutitiscategorizednoaccuratetranslation. (SL9,TL9) SL: Theywereveryclose,astheentirefamilywas. TL: Hubunganibudananakitusangatdekat. In this translation, the translator did class shift and structural shift. The translatorchangetheclauseTheywereveryclosebecomesHubunganibudananak itusangatdekat.Andalso,thetranslatordidthestructuralshiftthatintheSLthereis adverbclausebutnotintheTL.Thischangecausethemeaningofthesentenceisnot transferredwell.Andalsotheideaisalsochanged.

(SL10,TL10) SL: Itwas afamily inwhichpeoplelaughed andtalkedandcriedandhugged andjoked,andgreatmischiefwasconducteddaily.

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TL: Keluarga Winfield keluarga yang hangat. Kehidupan mereka seharihari diwarnaidengancandatawa,obrolan,tangis,salingpeluk,godamenggoda yangtiadahentinya. SL It Was Afamily Inwhich People Laughedandtalkedandcriedandhuge Andgreatmischief Was Conducteddaily TL KeluargaWinfield keluarga yang hangat

Inabovetranslation,thetranslatortriestotranslatecommunicatively,becausethe translatorchangetheideaofSL.ItcanbeseenwhenShegivestheinformationthat KeluargaWinfieldkeluargayanghangat.Itseemsthatsheinfersfromthatfamily condition that the family in which the people laughed and talked means keluarga yanghangat. So fat about meaning is not so changed but it is not allowed that the ideaisnotaccurate.Inthiscase,itcanbesaidthatthetranslatordidbothstructure shiftandclassshift.

(SL11,TL11) SL:Itwasdifficult nowforEdwinatokeepastraight faceasshewatchedher brother George make clouds of vapor with his breath in the arctic dining room, which their uncle Rupert, Lord Hickham, liked to keep slightly colderthanNorthPole. TL: Melihat George, adiknya, membuat uap dengan mengembusembuskan napas dalam udara dingin, Edwin hamper tak bias menahan rasa geli. Dengan susuah payah, dia berusaha agar wajahnya tetap berkesan serius. Paman Rupert, Lord Hickham, memang suka mengatur suhu di dalam rumahnyambeberapaderajaddibawahsuhunormalkutubutara.

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(SL12,TL12) SL: TheWinfieldchildrenwereusedtononeof. TL: KeluargaWinfieldtidakbiasabegini.

SL TheWinfield Children Were Usedto Noneof

TL KeluargaWinfield tidak biasabegini

In the above translation, it is known that the translator tries to translate communicativelybychangingthestructureoftheSL.Inthiscase,thetranslatordid thestructuralshift.Inthistranslationthetranslatoromittedsomeinformation,that is,children.Duetotheomission,themessageoftheSLisnottransferredwell.

(SL13,TL13) SL: TheywereusedtothecomfortsoftheirAmericanlifeinthewarmerclimate ofCalifornia. TL: Mereka sudah biasa hidup santai ala Amerika dalam cuaca hangat California.

SL They Wereusedto To Thecomfortsof TheirAmericanlife Inthe Warmerclimate OfCalifornia

TL Mereka sudahbiasa hidupsantai alaAmerika dalam cuacahangat California

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Basedonthecontrastiveanalysis,it is knownthatthetranslatordid classshift. ThetranslationofofCaliforniabecomesCalifornia.Inthischange,thetranslator changesnousphrasetonoun.

(SL14,TL14) SL: TheyhadcomeallthewayfromSanFranciscoamonthbeforetostaywith theirauntanduncle,andannounceEdwinasengagement. TL: Sebulan yang lalu mereka sekeluarga datang dari San Francisco, berkunjung dan menginap di rumah Bibi dan Paman, mengumumkan pertunanganEdwina. SL They Hadcome All The Way From SanFrancisco Amonth Before Tostay With Their Auntanduncle And Announce Edwinasengagement TL Sebulanyanglalu merekasekeluarga datang dari SanFrancisco berkunjungdanmenginap dirumah BibidanPaman mengumumkan pertunanganEdwina

(SL15,TL15) SL: TheirtriestoEnglandseemedtoberepeatingthemselves.

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TL: PertaliandenganInggrisseakanberulangdalamsejarahkeluarga. SL Theirtries ToEngland Seemed Toberepeating Themselves TL Pertalian denganInggris seakan berulang dalamsejarahkeluarga

(SL16,TL16) SL: Katessister,Elizabeth,hadmarriedLordRuperttwentyfouryearsbefore, andshehadcometoEnglandtobethesecondviscountessandthemistress ofHavermoorManoor. TL: KakakperempuanKate,Elizabeth,menikahdengan LordRupert24tahun silam dan pindah ke Inggris sebagai viscountess kedua sekaligus nyonya rumah HavermoorManoor. SL Katessister Elizabeth hadmarried LordRupert twentyfouryearsbefore and hadcome toEngland tobe viscountess and themistress ofHavermoorManoor TL KakakperempuanKate Elizabeth menikah dengan LordRupert 24tahunsilam dan pindah keInggris sebagai viscountess kedua nyonyarumah ofHavermoorManoor.

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(SL17,TL17) SL: At twentyone, she had met the much older Lord Hickham when he had cometoCaliforniawithfriends,andshedbeensweptoffherfeet. TL: Padausia21,ElizabethberjumpadenganLordHickhamyangusianyajauh lebih tua ketika bangsawan Inggris itu melawat ke California bersama rekanrekannya.Elizabethlangsungjatuhcintapadapandanganpertama.

(SL18,TL18) SL: More than two decades later, her niecesand nephewsfound it difficult to understandtheattraction. TL: Kini, lebih dari dua decade setelahnya, kemenakan kemenakan Elizabeth sulit mengerti apa yang begitu menarik hati bibi mereka pada pribadi suamimya 5.2.Discussion

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CHAPTERVI CONCLUSIONANDSUGGESTIONS 5.1Conclusion This chapter presents the conclusion that was derived from the data analysis in chapter V. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the translator did the structuralandclassshift.Basedonthedata,itcansaidthatthetranslatordidmostly the structural and class shift. The shifts that were done mostlydid not change the meaning,butthereweresomeoftheshiftschangethemeaningortheideaoftheSL. Itwassuggestedthatitwas nonecessaryforthetranslatordidsuchkindofshiftif theshiftchangesthemeaning. 5.2Suggestion Suggestions Inthisstudy,practicalandtheoreticalsuggestionsareoffered.

TheoreticalSuggestions Translatingmeanstransferringmessages,ideas,contentormeaningfromthesource language into the target language. Therefore, theoretically, in order to enable the translatorstofindequivalencebetweenthetwolanguages,idealtranslatorsmustbe goodbilinguals.Inthesensethattheyshouldmastereitherthesourcelanguageorthe targetlanguage.Onthebasisoftheresearchfindings,thatthetranslatorofthenovel withtitleGreaternoLovedidtheshiftandsometimestheshiftisnotappropriate, therefore, it is suggested that the lectures of translation focus their attention on grammaticalitems,forexample,theyaskthestudentstorereadbooksongrammars. Then, to improve the students sense of language, it is suggested that the students shouldbegivenalotofpracticeintranslating. PracticalSuggestions It is clear that the translator has problems in translating from English into Indonesianintermsofstructuralandclassshift.Onthebasisofthe findings,some practicalsuggestionsaregiventotheteachers,studentsandotherresearchers. For the teachers. Two suggestions are offered here. The first is that the teachergivesmaterialsappropriatewithstudentslevelof,especiallygrammar.The

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choiceofmaterialsshouldbebasedontheassumptionthattheTL(English)features) whicharesimilarwiththeonesofSLwillbeeasyandthosethataredifferentwillbe difficult.Thesecondisthattheteachershouldchooseappropriatemethodsintheir teachinglearning activities. The methods should be intended to enhance students skills in coping with translation problems, especially grammatical problems, they face. Forthestudents. Itwasfoundthat inthenovel,especially intheIndonesia versionwerefoundtheinappropriateshift,soitisnecessarysuggestthestudentsto do shift as far as it does not the change, the idea of the SL meaning.. So, it is reasonabletosuggestthatthestudentsimprovetheirknowledgeonTranslationshift. The knowledge may be useful for anticipating the grammatical problems arising fromtranslation. For other researchers. It is clear that the were some problems shift. So, otherresearchersareadvisedtodosimilarresearchwithdifferenttexttypesinorder toseetheshiftproblemsinamoredetailedmanner.

VII.RESEARCHERSCURRICULUMVITAE Thathit Manon Andini was born in Kediri, July 21, 1963. She started Elementry School, then finished high school in 19711980. She graduated from Faculty of Letters Jember University in 1990. She took her Postgraduate program at Sebelas MaretUniversitySurakarta,LinguisticsProgramfocusedonTranslationStudy.She has thought in Muhammadiyah University, Faculty of Teaching Training and Education,EnglishDepartmentfrom1991uptoknow.

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REFERENCES
Baker,Mona.1992.InOtherWords.ACourseBookonTranslation.London: Routledge Barnwell,KatherineG.L.1984.IntroductiontoSemanticsandTranslation.England: SummerInstituteofLinguistics Bell,RogerT.1991. TranslationandTranslating:TheoryandPractice.NewYork: Longman Dollerup,CayandLindegard,Annete.1994.TeachingTranslationandInterpreting 2.Philadelphia:JohnBenjaminPublishingCompany. Hatim,BasilandMason,Ian.1990.DiscourseandTheTranslator.London: Longman. ..1999.TheTranslatorasCommunicator.London: Routledge Leonardi,Vanessa,2003.EquivalenceinTranslation:BetweenMythandReality. Journal.http:/accurapid.com/journal/14equiv.htm.(05/03/2003) Machali,Rochayah.2000.PedomanBagiPenerjemah.Jakarta:Grasindo Marshall.C.andGrechenB.R.1995. DesigningQualitativeResearch . London: SagePublication. Mildred,Larson.L.1984.MeaningBasedTranslation.Boston:UniversityPressof America. Munday,Jeremy.2000.IntroducingTranslationStudies.London:Routledge Nababan,M.Rudolf.1999. TeoriMenerjemahkanBahasaInggris.Jogyakarta: PustakaPelajar. ..2004. TranslationProcess,Practices,andProductof ProfessionalIndonesianTranslators.Disertasi.NewZealand:Victoria UniversityofWellington. Nord,Christiane.1997. TranslationTheoriesExplained:TranslatingasaPurposeful Activity.Manchester:St.Jerome. Robinson,Douglas.1978. BecomingaTranslator. NewYork:Routledge

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Soemarno,Thomas.2001.MenafsirkanFrasaNominadanKalimat. Surakarta: MuhammadiyahUniversityPress. ..1999. MaknaDalamPenerjemahan,SeminarNasional SemantikI.Surakarta:UNSPress. SriSamiatiTarjana,M.2000. EnglishIdiomaticExpressionandSomeProblemsof TranslatingThemintoIndonesian.ModulMataKuliah. Sutopo,HB.2002. MetodologiPenelitianKualitatif.Surakarta:SebelasMaret UniversityPress.

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APPENDIXES

DataTranslationShiftNogreaterLove

2. SL:Theonlysoundinthediningroomwasthetickingofthelarge,ornateclock on the mantelpiece, and the occasional muffled rustling of a heavy linen napkin. TL: Hanya detak jam besar kuno di rak perapian yang kedengaran di ruang makan,terkadangdiselingigenerisikgesekanserbetkainkatun. 3. SL:Therewereelevenpeopleintheenormousdiningroom,anditwassocold thatEdwinacouldbarelymoreherfinger. TL: Padahal dalam ruang makan luas itu ada sebelas manusia. Udara di situ dinginnyabukanmainsampai jariEdwina kaku,hampertakbiasdigerak gerakkan. 4. SL: Sheglanceddownatthemandcaughtthegleamofherengagementringin themorningsunlight,andthensmiled,assheglancedacrossthetableather parents. TL: Gadis itu mengerling jemarinya. Cincin pertunangannya kemilau ditimpa sinar mentari pagi. Dia lalu tersenyum sambil melempar pandang kearah keduaorangtuanyayangdudukdiseberangmeja. 5. SL: Evenwithhiseyescastdownathisplate,shecouldseethemischiefatthe cornerofherfathersmouth. TL: Walaupuntampakseriusmenghadapipiringsarapannya,garisgarisjenaka disudutdimulutayahnyatakbisadisembunyikannya. 6. SL: Andshewassurethatbeneaththetable,hewasholdinghermothershand. TL: Edwina sudah bisa menebak di kolong meja, tangan ayah dan ibunya pastisedangbergenggaman. 7. SL: Lefttothemselves,theywerealwaysteasingandlaughing,andwhispering playfully,andtheirfriendslikedtosaythatitwasnowondertheyhadsix children. TL: Memang begitulah mereka, terlebih kalau mereka sedang tidak diperhatikan siapasiapa saling menggoda , tertawa, berbisiskbisik, cekikikan geli. Tak heran mereka punya enam anak, begitu kawankawan merekaberkomentar.

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8. SL: Atfortyone,KateWinfieldstilllookedlikeagirl. TL: Meskipunusianyasudah41,KateWinfieldmasihmiripgadisremaja. 9. SL: She had a lithe figure and slim waist, and walking behind them at a distance, it was often difficult to discern Kate from her oldest child, Edwina,whowasalsotallandhadshiningdarkhairandblueeyes. TL: Perawakannya ramping luwes. Dilihat dari belakang saat dia dan putrid sulungnya,Erwina,berjalanberdampingan sulitdibedakanmanayangibu danmanayanganak.Edwinajugaberperawakansemampaidenganrambut hitamberkilaudansepasangmatabirujernih. 10.SL: Theywereveryclose,astheentirefamilywas. TL: Hubunganibudananakitusangatdekat. 11.SL: Itwasafamilyinwhichpeoplelaughedandtalkedandcriedandhugged andjoked,andgreatmischiefwasconducteddaily. TL: Keluarga Winfield keluarga yang hangat. Kehidupan mereka seharihari diwarnaidengancandatawa,obrolan,tangis,salingpeluk,godamenggoda yangtiadahentinya. 12.SL: ItwasdifficultnowforEdwinatokeepastraightfaceasshewatchedher brother George make clouds of vapor with his breath in the arctic dining room, which their uncle Rupert, Lord Hickham, liked to keep slightly colderthanNorthPole. TL: Melihat George, adiknya, membuat uap dengan mengembusembuskan napas dalam udara dingin, Edwin hampir tak bisa menahan rasa geli. Dengan susuah payah, dia berusaha agar wajahnya tetap berkesan serius. Paman Rupert, Lord Hickham, memang suka mengatur suhu di dalam rumahnyambeberapaderajaddibawahsuhunormalkutubutara. 10.SL: TheWinfieldchildrenwereusedtononeof. TL: KeluargaWinfieldtidakbiasabegini. 11.SL: They were used to the comforts of their American life in the warmer climateofCalifornia. TL: Mereka sudah biasa hidup santai ala Amerika dalam cuaca hangat California. 12.SL: TheyhadcomeallthewayfromSanFranciscoamonthbeforetostaywith theirauntanduncle,andannounceEdwinasengagement.

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TL: Sebulan yang lalu mereka sekeluarga datang dari San Francisco, berkunjung dan menginap di rumah Bibi dan Paman, mengumumkan pertunanganEdwina. 13.SL: TheirtriestoEnglandseemedtoberepeatingthemselves. TL: PertaliandenganInggrisseakanberulangdalamsejarahkeluarga. 14.SL: Katessister,Elizabeth,hadmarriedLordRuperttwentyfouryearsbefore, andshehadcometoEnglandtobethesecondviscountessandthemistress ofHavermoorManoor. 15. TL: Kakak perempuan Kate, Elizabeth, menikah dengan Lord Rupert24 tahun silam dan pindah ke Inggris sebagai viscountess kedua sekaligus nyonyarumah HavermoorManoor. 16.SL: At twentyone, she had met the much older Lord Hickham when he had cometoCaliforniawithfriends,andshedbeensweptoffherfeet. TL: Padausia21,ElizabethberjumpadenganLordHickhamyangusianyajauh lebih tua ketika bangsawan Inggris itu melawat ke California bersama rekanrekannya.Elizabethlangsungjatuhcintapadapandanganpertama. 17.SL: More than two decades later, her niecesand nephewsfound it difficult to understandtheattraction. TL: Kini, lebih dari dua decade setelahnya, kemenakan kemenakan Elizabeth sulit mengerti apa yang begitu menarik hati bibi mereka pada pribadi suamimya. 18.SL: LordHickhamwasdistantandgruff,inhospitableintheextreme,henever seemed to laugh, and it was obvious to all of them that he found it extremelyunpleasanthavingchildreninhishouse. TL: Lord Hickham orangnya angkuh, dingin, tak pernah tertawa, sangat gampang marah, dan sama sekali tidak berusaha menyembunyikan rasa tidaksenangnyapadaanakanaktinggaldirumahnya.

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