THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING IS VERY IMPORTANT.

DISCUSS ON THE MAIN PARAMETERS THAT SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM WITH REASONS. 1.0 Introduction Water quality monitoring is defined here as the sampling and analysis of water constituents and conditions. These may included several purpose in water quality monitoring. To identify whether waters are meeting designated uses. Besides, water quality monitoring helps link sources of pollution to a stream quality problem because it identifies specific problem pollutants. Clean in physical terms as colorless, odorless, tasteless, and no suspended solids whereas safe from harmful microorganism, pathogen, dangerous organic or inorganic, and with lesser mineral substances. Water quality measurements would include the physical, chemical, and biological parameters. 2.0 Physical parameters There are 5 types represent to physical parameters which are suspended solid, odor, color, turbidity and temperature. These all 5 elements should be removed from water to ensure that clarity of water always maintain when producing drinking water for human consumption and in many manufacturing uses. 2.1 Importance of Physical Parameters In Water Quality Turbidity can provide food and shelter for pathogens. If not removed, turbidity can promote regrowth of pathogens in the distribution system and can cause increase of water temperature automatically ruined up aquatic system. The studies show a strong relationship between removal of turbidity and removal of protozoa. Turbidity should be removed from water supply to keep healthy uses. Temperature is one of the most important elements in physical parameters. It is important to hold on the oxygen, the rate of photosynthesis by aquatic plants and the metabolic rates of aquatic organisms.. Water temperature should be controlled because in cold water, oxygen would be less, and in hot water, oxygen content would be more.

When the temperature is risen, the dissolved oxygen will decrease and eventually will make the bacteria becomes active. Color is also importance in water quality parameters because it is due to presence of dissolved and suspended matter. Water supply must free from any harm of color to ensure safe uses by human.

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Biological Parameters This element also is one of three most importance parameters in water quality. Biological

parameters likely used to describe the presence of microbiological organisms and water-borne pathogens. Micro-organisms and waterborne pathogens generally enter rivers and lakes when they are contaminated by human excrement, for example when sanitation is lacking or untreated or partially treated sewage is discharged into it. . Likely water has contained bacteria, while most bacteria encounter are harmless, waterborne pathogenic bacteria transmit diseases that cause common symptoms of gastrointestinal disorder. Hence, there are more biological water qualities characteristic such as virus, algae, protozoa and parasitic worms. 3.1 Importance of Biological Parameters In Water Quality All organisms found in water are important when establishing quality control of it without considering if they have their natural habitat in the water or belong to transient populations introduced by humans. Since water has pathogenic bacteria it importance in eliminating pathogenic organism through chemical treatment ensures safe drinking water to consumer. The other way is do the filtration to remove protozoa from water. For practical purposes, the focus is on the presence and importance of surrogate organisms as indicators of the possible presence of pathogens and the need for effective measures to destroy or control them. Biological parameters detect water quality problems that other methods may miss or underestimate. Biological parameters also contribute some organisms in their environments in monitoring of environmental quality, increasing the detection of events such as spills, dumping, and treatment plant.

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Chemical Parameters Mainly chemical parameters included with these 6 elements which are pH, alkalinity, nitrites/nitrates, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). pH is a term used to indicate the alkalinity or acidity of a substance as ranked on a scale from 1.0 to 14.0. Second elements are alkalinity that known as a total measure of the substances in water that have acid-neutralizing ability and is not a pollutant. Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD is measures the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms in the process of decomposing organic matter in water. For dissolved oxygen, we can describe as oxygen gas molecules (O2) represent in the water. Last but not least, chemical parameter also known as chemical characterization of drinking water and would include the identification of its components and its concentration of water. Chemical parameters needed in water treatment plants to monitoring a variety of inorganic and organic components. 4.1 Importance of Chemical Parameters in Water Quality The pH is very important either it is extremely high or low pH levels, the water will become unsuitable for most organisms. Fish and insects are also very sensitive to changes in pH. Extreme values of pH can cause problems for aquatic fauna. Most aquatic fauna died because of extremely acid or alkaline water. Here, value of pH should be control and balance to keep water safe for consumer and aquatic life. The BOD directly affects the amount of dissolved oxygen in waters. The more rapidly oxygen is depleted in the water, the greater the BOD. This means less oxygen is available for other aquatic life, such as insects and fish. A high BOD measure harms water health in the same ways as low dissolved oxygen and aquatic organisms become stressed, suffocate, and die. The harder the micro organisms work, the more oxygen they use, and the higher BOD measured.

Water has plenty of DO. When water quality decreases, DO levels drop and it becomes impossible for many animals to survive. Some fish such require lots of dissolved oxygen. Warmer water holds less oxygen than cold water. Also, the time of year and many other factors affect the amount of DO in water. The main reason DO levels might fall is the presence of organic waste. Organic waste comes from something living or that was once living. It comes from sewage, runoff from farms and animal feedlots also natural sources like decaying aquatic plants. Microscopic organisms also break down the organic waste and use oxygen in the process. As conclusion, dissolved oxygen (DO) is important for all the organisms in the water to carry out all activities such as finding food, moving, reproducing, and others. Lack of Oxygen Dissolved in water will result in death of aquatic life and disrupt ecosystems.

Reference 1. Water & Wastewater Treatment, A Guide For The Nonengineering Professional, Joanne E.Drinan 2. Sadar, M.J. 1996. Understanding Turbidity Science. Hach Company Technical Information Series - Booklet No. 11. 3. Chapman, D. [Ed.] 1996 Water Quality Assessments. A Guide to the Use of Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring. 2nd edition. Chapman & Hall, London.Chilton, J. 1996 Groundwater. In: 4. D. Chapman [Ed.] Water Quality Assessments. A Guide to the Use of Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring. 2nd edition. Chapman & Hall, London. 5. WHO 1993 Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Volume 1 Recommendations. 2nd edition.World Health Organization, Geneva. 6. file:///D:/nota%20alam%20sekitar/tugasan/Water%20Quality%20Parameters1.htm

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