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UNIT COMMITMENT PROBLEM SOLVING BY USING MICRO CONTROLLER A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

By V.Venkatarami Reddy N.Venu Babu U.Neelavenugopala Swami B.Viswanath (08KT1A0238) (08KT1A0244) (08KT1A0220) (08KT1A0255)

Under the Esteemed Guidance of Sri B.Madhukiran M.Tech .

Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

POTTI SRIRAMULU CHALAVADI MALLIKARJUNA RAO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

( Approved by A.I.C.T.E, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada) VIJAYAWADA 520001

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POTTI SRIRAMULU CHALAVADI MALLIKARJUNA RAO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled UNIT COMMITMENT PROBLEM SOLVING USING MICROCONTROLLER is the bonafide work done by

V.VENKATARAMI REDDY (08KT1A0238), N.VENU BABU (08KT1A0244), U.NEELAVENUGOPALA SWAMI (08KT1A0220), B.VISWANATH

(08KT1A0255) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree Bachelor
of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering during the Academic year 2008-2012.

B.Madhukiran Assoc.professor project guide

Y.V.Balarama Krishna rao Prof&HOD

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ACKNOWLEDGEME

We use this opportunity to remember and acknowledge of co-operation good will and support extended by several individuals out of whom this project has evolved. We shall always cherish our association with them. We take immense pleasure in conveying our thanks and deep sense of gratitude to our guide Assoc Prof. B.Madhukiran of his exhiliarating supervision , timely suggestion and encouragement during all phases of this work without which the project could not have taken shape. We are thankful to Dr.K.Sudhakar Reddy -Principal of POTTI CHALAVADI MALLIKARJUNA RAO COLLEGE OF SRIRAMULU AND

ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY for giving us permission to do the project work We are indebded to Prof.Y.V.Balarama Krishna Rao - H.O.D, Department of electrical and electronics engineering, POTTI SRIRAMULU CHALAVADI

MALLIKARJUNA RAO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. We express our everlasting gratitude to our faculty and management of POTTI SRI RAMULU CHALAVADI MALLIKARJUNA RAO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY for the knowledge they have imparted to us. We are thankful to our family members , whose sincere wishes and blessings were the constant source of inspiration during the course of our project work.

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ABSTRACT
One of the most important problems in operational scheduling of electrical power generation is the unit commitment problem. The primary concern of electrical power system operators is to guarantee adequate generation capacity to meet demand continuously. The limited amount of hydro-electric energy stored in the dams and the system reservoirs may not prove to be sufficient to respond to large variation in demands. Therefore, costly thermal generating units are often used to make up for the supply shortage. A modern power system consists of large number of thermal generating units.

In solving the unit commitment problem of such a large system, the main cause of difficulty is the involvement of large number of units for commitment. Thus the unit commitment problem in a power system involves determining the start-up and shut down schedules of thermal units to be used to meet forecasted demand over a future short term (24hours) period. The objective is to minimize total production cost while observing a large set of operating constraints. The unit commitment problem is a complex mathematical optimization problem with both integer and continuous variables.

The proposed approach of unit commitment solves the unit commitment problem using the generator data and load demand using microcontroller by priority listing method. Also the program for economic load dispatch is developed using the dynamic programming approach, considering the particular reference to units generation cost (input-output) criterion. Also, there is a provision for interfacing with Personal Computer for the data of each and every generator on-off times. We can manage each and every generator on and off times for increasing the efficiency of the generator.

INDEX content
Chapter 1

Page no.
1-1 1

1.

Introduction 1.1Unit commitment 1.2 Unit commitment problem. 1.3Priority listing method. 1.4Dynamic programming method.

4 5 7-24 7 17 18 23 25-43 25 25 33 36 37 40

Chapter 3 3 Microcontroller 89c51. 3.2Pin diagram. 3.3Block diagram. 3.4Addressing modes. Chapter 4 4. Hardware implementation. 4.1 555 timer. 4.2 ADC 0808. 4.3 Electro magnetic relay. 4.4 Current transformer 4.5 Buzzer

5. 6.

89c51Microcontroller programming.
Future scope

44 52

7. 8.
9.

Conclusion. Bibliography. Algorithm

53 54 55

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig.no 1.1
1.2

fig name
Microcontroller's fundamental components Basic microcontroller architecture

page no.
7 8

1.3
3.1 3.2

Architecture of Microcontroller
Pin diagram of 89c51 Microcontroller Block diagram of 89c51 microcontroller

13
17 18

3.3
4.1

Crystal oscillator
555 Timer pin configurations

21
25 30 30 33
36

4.2
4.3 4.4
4.5

555 Timer block diagram

555 Timing circuit Timer to ADC connection
Electromagnetic relay

4.6 4.7 4.8

Buzzer diagram unit commitment problem solving using microcontroller Analog to digital converter

40 41 42