Chapter 2

Transparency
16
Forces And Motion

Forces In Equilibrium
Newtonʼs Third Law Of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
R
Normal reaction = Weight R = mg
Wooden block
R = mg Table (Stationary)
Wooden block is not moving, resultant force = 0
Wooden block is in equilibrium. mg
Wooden block
R = mg R (Moves with
Frictional uniform velocity)
F1 = F2 force
Wooden block is moving with uniform velocity, F2 Pulling
force
∴ Resultant force = 0 Table F1
Wooden block is in equilibrium. mg F1 = F2

R (Stationary)
R = mg cos θ
F
F = mg sin θ Frictional force
Wooden block is not moving. mg sin θ
∴ Resultant force = 0 mg cos θ
θ
Wooden block is in equilibrium.
R Wooden block
R = mg (Moves with acceleration)
Smooth
Wooden block is moving with acceleration a. Table Pulling
force
∴ Resultant force F = ma
F
Wooden block is not in equilibrium. mg

Parallelogram Of Forces Resolution Of Forces

The resultant of two forces F1 and The resultant force F can be resolved into
F2 is the force F, represented by the a vertical component force F sin θ and a
diagonal of the parallelogram. horizontal component force F cos θ.
(Resultant force)
F sin θ F
F1 F (Vertical
component) θ
F2 F cos θ
(Horizontal component)

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