Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering

Lecture 1 Introduction

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Electrical Engineering
Electrical engineering is the profession concerned with systems that produce, transmit and measure electric signals. Five major classifications
Communication systems Computer Systems Control Systems Power Systems Signal Processing Systems
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Electrical Engineering (cont.)

Considerable interaction takes place among the engineering disciplines involved in designing and operating. A good example of the interaction among systems is commercial airplane.

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Charge
The unit charge is the coulomb (C) where one coulomb is one ampere second. The coulomb is defined as the quantity of electricity that flows past a given point in an electric circuit when a current of one ampere is maintained for one second = Where I is the current in amperes and t is the time in seconds.
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Example
If a current of 5A flows for 2 minutes, find the quantity of electricity transferred? Solution Quantity of Electricity = coulombs I = 5 A, t = 2 X 60 = 120s Hence, Q = 5 x 120 = 600 C

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Electric Charge
Physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when near other electrically charged matter.

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SI Units
Systme International dUnits (International systems of units) Basic SI units
Quantity Length Mass Time Electric current Thermodynamic temperature Unit Meter, m Kilogram, Kg Second, s Ampere, A Kelvin, K

Luminous intensity
Amount of substance
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Candela, cd
Mole, mol
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SI Units (cont.)
Derived SI units
Quantity Frequency Unit Name Hertz (Hz) Formula 1

Force Energy or work

Power Electric charge Electric potential Electric resistance Electric capacitance Magnetic flux

Newton (N) Joule (J)

Watt (W) Coulomb (C) Volt (V) Ohm () Farad (F) Weber (Wb)
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. / 2 .
/ . / / / .
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SI Units (cont.)
PREFIX Pico Nano Micro Milli Centi Kilo Mega SYMBOL p n m c k M POWER 1012 109 106 103 102 103 106

Giga

109

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Force
A force is any influence that causes an object to undergo a certain change, either concerning its movement, direction, or geometrical construction. From Newtons second law of motion = F is force, m is mass and a is acceleration. Unit of force is newton (N).
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Example
A mass of 5000 g is accelerated at 2 / by a force. Determine the force needed. Solution = = 5 2 2 = 10

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Work
Distance covered in the direction of applied force. = Unit of work is joule (J), where one joule is one Newton meter. Energy is capacity of a body to do work. Different kinds of energy. Law of conservation of energy.
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Power
Rate of doing work or transferring energy = The unit of power is watt (W), where one watt is one joule per second.

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Example
1. A portable machine requires a force of 200 N to move it. How much work is done if the machine is moved 20 m and what average power is utilized if the movement takes 25 s? 2. A mass of 1000 kg is raised through a height of 10 m in 20 s. What is (a) the work done and (b) the power developed?

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