Army AL&T Magazine 10/06/2012

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28 Army AL&T Magazine
A REALISTIC PICTURE
ln ono ussossmonl lool lho Army is using lo ovuluulo possiblo cumoulugo pullorns, individuuls
drossod in lho vurious pullorns concoul lhomsolvos ul prosoloclod loculions downrungo whilo lho
vision o Soldior-obsorvors is obscurod. Thon lho Soldior-obsorvors lry lo loculo lho cumoulugod
individuuls. Aiming dovicos such us lhis ono uro linkod lo u compulor, ullowing lho losl loum lo
dolormino wholhor lho Soldior-obsorvor hus, in ucl, uccuruloly loculod un individuul in cumoulugo.
(Pholo by Doug Cuddihy}
Army AL&T Magazine 10/06/2012
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A S C . A R MY . MI L 29
Army prepares to complete the nnal
phase of comprehensive camounage
assessment for uniforms, equipment
by LTC Eugene F. Wallace
CONCEALMENT
CAPABILITY
T
he New Mexico sun is blazing overhead as a team carrying weapons dashes
toward its objective before suddenly dropping into a prone nring position.
At the objective, another team of Soldiers tries to detect the position as the
aggressors go to ground. This is not combat, but the outcome will have a
direct impact on Soldiers in connicts around the globe. Four families of camounage
patterns developed by private industry, as well as several camounage patterns already in
use by the services and by Special Operations forces, are being assessed in one of several
Army Phase IV camounage neld evaluations.
Effective camounage hands the initiative to the Soldier, said COL Robert Mortlock,
Project Manager Soldier Protection and Individual Equipment (PM SPIE), which is
responsible for uniforms, body armor, helmets, and other individual Soldier equip-
ment. If the enemy cant see you, he cant shoot you. And if he doesnt see you coming,
you maintain the advantage of surprise.
This is why the Army is conducting such a scientinc evaluation of camounage pat-
terns that can be used in terrains and environments found all over the world, Mortlock
added. This program was a bottom-up initiative launched because of feedback from
Soldiers serving on the front lines.
A FOUR-PHASE UNDERTAKING
A study in June 2009 concluded that the Army needed a more effective camou-
nage pattern than the current Universal Camounage Pattern (UCP). That August,
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30 Army AL&T Magazine
CONCEALMENT CAPABILITY
Congress directed the Army to provide
more effective camounage for Soldiers
participating in Operation Enduring
Freedom (OEF).
The following month, then-Secretary
of the Army (SecArmy) Pete Geren
directed Project Executive Ofnce (PEO)
Soldier, PM SPIEs parent organization;
the U.S. Army Training and Doc-
trine Command; and the U.S. Army
Natick Soldier Research, Development,
and Engineering Center (NSRDEC)
to execute a four-phase camounage
improvement effort for the Army. (See
Operation Enduring Freedom Camou-
nage Pattern: A Rapid Response to a
Complex Need, Army AL&T Maga-
zine, October-December 2010, online
at http://asc.army.mil/docs/pubs/alt/
archives/2010/Oct-Dec_2010.pdf.)
Phase I provided alternate camounage
pattern uniforms and equipment to
two battalions serving in Afghanistan
for assessment. This was completed in
November 2009.
Phase II evaluated environment-specinc
camounage. PM SPIE and NSRDEC
used calibrated photos of camounage
uniforms taken in Afghanistan and photo
simulation tests to determine a suitable
alternative camounage for troops serving
in Afghanistan as part of OEF. This was
conducted between November 2009 and
January 2010.
Phase III used data developed during
Phase II to select and neld a new cam-
ounage pattern for Soldiers operating in
OEF. Fielding of uniforms and individ-
ual equipment using the selected pattern,
known as the OEF Camounage Pattern,
began in July 2010.
Phase IV, the nnal step in the process, is
to determine a long-term multi-environ-
ment camounage strategy for the entire
Army. This phase uses a process consist-
ing of a series of neld tests at both day and
night, as well as tests that use calibrated
image assessment.
Soldiers are involved in almost every
part of this process, as both test subjects
and observers.
PEO Soldier, NSRDEC, the U.S. Army
Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC),
the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of
Excellence, the U.S. Army Materiel
Systems Analysis Activity, U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, U.S. Marine Corps,
the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory,
Naval Surface Warfare Center, U.S. Air
Force, and the U.S. Special Operations
Command (SOCOM) are all collaborat-
ing in this effort.
The goal is to assess and determine the
best-performing family of patterns that
can be used in a wide variety of regions
and terrain sets around the globe. Each
family of patterns being evaluated has
a pattern for arid or desert conditions;
a pattern for heavily forested or jungle
conditions; and a transitional pattern for
the in-between microenvironments with
varying degrees of vegetation.
INDUSTRY INVOLVEMENT
The Army issued a Request for Proposals
to industry on April 15, 2011. A primary
requirement was for industry to provide a
family of camounage patterns of similar
geometry for arid, woodland, and transi-
tional environments as described above. In
additional, each contractor was required
to propose a single pattern that blends
with these three different patterns. It will
ROUND-THE-CLOCK EFFECTIVENESS
Honry LoGrus, un onginoor working or U.S. Army Tosl und Evuluulion Commund, oporulos lho
mulli-spoclrul sonsor suilo. Tho syslom rocords imugos duy und nighl using digilul color cumorus
und nighl vision sonsors lo provido ull-spoclrum dulu on cumoulugo ooclivonoss. (Pholo by
Doug Cuddihy}
Army AL&T Magazine 10/06/2012
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A S C . A R MY . MI L 31
be used for the Soldiers packs, ammo
pouches, and other equipment known as
Organizational Clothing and Individual
Equipment (OCIE).
More than 20 families of patterns were
evaluated in the nrst stage of the Phase
IV camounage program, which began in
June 2011.
On Oct. 31, 2011, SecArmy John
McHugh and Chief of Staff of the Army
GEN Raymond T. Odierno approved
the second stage of the Phase IV pro-
gram, to continue neld trials and more
extensive computer analysis.
On Jan. 10, PEO Soldier awarded con-
tracts to four commercial vendors to
provide fabric in their family of camou-
nage patterns for uniforms and OCIE,
in preparation for the second stage of
Phase IV. These nrms are: Crye Preci-
sion LLC of Brooklyn, NY; Kryptek
Outdoor Group of Fairbanks, AK; ADS
Inc. of Virginia Beach, VA; and Brook-
wood Companies Inc. of New York, NY.
COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
These patterns are being assessed
alongside several currently used DOD
camounage patterns. It is extremely
important to have those government
patterns in the test as a benchmark for
performance, said Glenn Rogers, Senior
Test Ofncer for the Phase IV program.
This is the most comprehensive test
process we have ever assembled for cam-
ounage assessment, added Rogers, who
works for ATECs Aberdeen Test Cen-
ter and has been involved in camounage
testing for more than 20 years.
We are doing detection testing using
camounage at various ranges, so we
can nnd out how far away it is initially
detected, he said. We are also having the
Maneuver Battle Lab conducting tactical
assessments. Additionally, we are collect-
ing calibrated images in various locations
around the world to provide a compre-
hensive assessment of camounage in the
various global land covers and terrains.
FINAL ASSESSMENTS
Field trials, completed in August, took
place day and night at Fort Carson, CO,
and Fort Bliss, TX. The trials included
assessment of both static detection range
and tactical exercises. The Aberdeen
Test Center conducted the static detec-
tion range assessment using a passive
scoring system that accommodates 24
Soldiers simultaneously. The scoring sys-
tem recorded the time it took to acquire
the camounage, along with azimuth and
elevation for scoring. Concurrently the
Maneuver Battle Lab oversaw team-size
maneuver assessments.
In September and October, several
hundred Soldiers will have participated
in photo simulation exercises to further
assess each camounage pattern's daytime
and nighttime performance by measuring
both detection range and blending.
Calibrated image collection for this
A CAMO PATTERN FOR AFGHANISTAN
Using dulu dovolopod during Phuso ll o ils our-phuso cumoulugo improvomonl oorl, lho Army
soloclod und ioldod u now cumoulugo pullorn or Soldiors oporuling in Operation Enduring
Freedom (OEF). Fiolding o uniorms und individuul oquipmonl using lho OEF Cumoulugo Pullorn
(CCP} bogun in 1uly 20T0. Horo, SPC 1ohn Yiilh, un Assislunl Gunnor ulluchod lo 2nd 8ullulion
(Airborno}, 377lh Puruchulo Fiold Arlillory Pogimonl, wours lho CCP uniorm und ussociulod
oquipmonl us ho conducls u socurily pulrol oulsido o Forwurd Cporuling 8uso Sulorno, Khosl
provinco, Aghunislun, 1uly 7. (Pholo by SSG 1uson Epporson, 4lh 8rigudo Combul Toum, 25lh
lnunlry Division Public Auirs}
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32 Army AL&T Magazine
CONCEALMENT CAPABILITY
exercise is occurring at various locations
in the United States and around the
world. After conducting a massive study
of land cover types of the combatant
commands, the Corps of Engineers
identined these locations as having
terrain and vegetation that represent as
many different environments as possible.
Images of the camounage in these varied
natural terrains will be shown to Soldiers
in the photo simulation exercise. The
Soldiers will assess the effectiveness of
various patterns in these backgrounds,
determining how well the patterns blend
with land cover in various terrains and at
various ranges.
It is important to note that we will
also be collecting imagery at nighttime
with scientinc systems to look at how
the camounage performs when viewed
through night vision devices, Rogers said.
In these various environments, we will
have individuals wearing the camounage
along with the OCIE and helmets, so that
we will have them fully conngured.
We worked hard to make this assessment
fair and scientinc, Rogers said.
There is participation in this program
across the services: The Army, Navy,
Air Force, Marine Corps, and SOCOM
are involved.
The way the assessment has been struc-
tured is that everyone has had a seat
at the table during the planning stage
and has been invited to participate in the
various aspects of the program, so we are
getting some of the best minds from all the
services involved in the planning, testing,
and analysis.
Including what we are collecting from
the tactical exercises, the static detection
tests, and the photo simulation exer-
cise, we expect to gather nearly 100,000
observations from hundreds of Soldiers
who will be involved in this assessment,
Rogers said.
This will be one of the most valuable data
sets collected in my career that will inform
the Army's long-term camounage strategy,
provide critical information to other pro-
grams within DOD, and likely be studied
for the next decade.
SEEKING A NEW SOLUTION
A sludy in 1uno 200 concludod lhul lho Army noodod u moro ooclivo cumoulugo pullorn lhun lho curronl Univorsul Cumoulugo Pullorn (UCP},
shown in lhis pholo. ln Augusl 200, Congross diroclod lho Army lo provido moro ooclivo cumoulugo or Soldiors purlicipuling in Operation
Enduring Freedom. Horo, Purulroopors ussignod lo Tsl 8ullulion, 325lh Airborno lnunlry Pogimonl, 2nd 8rigudo Combul Toum, 82nd Airborno
Division (2/82} conducl u pluloon-sizo ruid Aug. 3 ul u Forl 8rugg, NC, lruining silo. (Pholo by SGT Kisslu DiGrogorio, 2/82 Public Auirs}
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A S C . A R MY . MI L 33
CONCLUSION
The Phase IV process will allow senior Army leaders to make
informed, scientincally grounded decisions based on rigorous
testing and analysis coupled with Soldier involvement and
continuous feedback. Leadership will receive a full report on
the test results in late November or early December to review as
they formulate a future Army camounage strategy for combat
uniforms and equipment. The new strategy will maximize
Soldier performance, based on the science of camounage,
while minimizing implementation timelines and optimizing
precious resources in a period of nscally constrained budgets.
For more information, contact Doug Graham at douglas.f.graham.
ctr@us.army.mil or go to peosoldier.army.mil.
LTC EUGENE F. WALLACE is Product Manager Soldier Cloth-
ing and Individual Equipment for PEO Soldier's PM SPIE. He
holds a B.S. in criminal justice from South Carolina State Univer-
sity, an M.B.A. in acquisition management from Touro University,
and a Master Certificate in Project Management from Villanova
University. Wallace has also completed the Program Managers
Course at Defense Systems Management College.
IN-THEATER ASSESSMENT
Tho Army sonl u cumoulugo ussossmonl loum lo Aghunislun lo ovuluulo six dioronl cumoulugo pullorns in u vurioly o lorruins. From lol, lho
pullorns woro. ACP-2, UCP, MulliCum, Dosorl 8rush, UCP-Dollu, und Mirugo. Tho pholo wus lukon in Khosl provinco, Aghunislun, closo lo lho
Pukislun bordor, in lulo Cclobor 200. (Pholo by PEC Soldior}
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