Sec 4E/5N 2009 Social Studies Source-Based Case Study You may use any of the sources to help

you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. What does Source A suggest about the way some ASEAN states are governed? Explain your answer, using details of the cartoon. [5] (b) Study Sources B and C. How different is Source B from Source C? Explain your answer. [6] (c) Study Source D. How useful is Source D in describing ASEAN as a weak association? Explain your answer. [6] (d) Study all sources. How far do the sources show that ASEAN is an effective organisation? Explain your answer. [8]

How effective is ASEAN as a regional organisation? Source A: A cartoonists view of how some ASEAN states are governed, adapted from website, http: www.khmernet.com .

Source B:

Adapted from comments by a scholar, Daljit Singh, The Terrorist Threat in Southeast Asia

The terrorist threat in Southeast Asia is more serious than it seemed a year ago. This is reflected in new arrests in the second half of 2002 of members of the Al Qaeda-linked organisation-Jemaah Islamiah (JI) and more terrorist incidents in Indonesia, including the Bali bombing in October. Most Southeast Asian states have been co-operating closely with the United States in the anti-terror war, and mainly out of their own national interest. The perceived threat from domestic terrorist groups gives them a strong motivation to co-operate with the United States against Al Qaeda and to obtain US support. Source C: Adapted from comments by scholars, Simon C Tay and Jesus P Estanislaon, The Relevance of ASEAN Crisis and Change

While ASEAN has been widely criticized, it has not been inactive. ASEAN has tried to face up to both economic crisis and the environmental disaster and to change some of its ways of doing things. Moreover, ASEAN has embarked on an ambitious vision for the year 2020 and set itself a shorter time frame for implementing that vision. It includes steps to address the concerns of newer members, and efforts to strengthen institutions to keep peace and stability in the region. There is no certainty, however, that ASEAN will succeed in realizing that vision.

Source D: Adapted from the views of scholar, Hadi Soesastro, ASEAN in 2030, The Long View At the age of thirty, ASEAN is neither an economic nor a political community. It has become a diplomatic community, but it has lost its diplomatic influence. The new ASEAN suffers from its own increasing weight. ASEANs expansion into ASEAN-10 has made it more difficult to transform it into an economic community, let alone a political community. Perhaps there is no longer an ASEAN common interest to provide a basis for maintaining ASEAN as the core of wider regional cooperation. A new ASEAN must be invented. Source E: Adapted from The Business Times, 12 April 2004

Integrating ASEANs economies requires hard work, political will and often tough decisions. ASEANs 2020 deadline for creating a single market for goods, services and capital is a long time away. This is the crux of the ASEAN problem: how to knit together a varied mix of states that runs from first-world democracy Singapore to poor, military-ruled Myanmar. A single focus during the September road shows will fail because ASEANs umbrella is too wide. An ASEAN road show to the US is full of risks as it is not relevant to anyone in the end. Some analysts also worry that ASEAN could be in trouble if Chinas high-flying economy suffers a hard landing.

Answer Scheme (a) Study Source A. What does Source A suggest about the way some ASEAN states are governed? [5]

Question Target: making inferences I.C.E. Inference Content Explanation Inference Evidence (Content and Explanation) ASEAN states were under strict This is evident in the source when control / liken to police control the cartoonists used Police football (Inference) team to represent ASEAN government (Content) By using the police to represent the government the cartoonist is trying to show that these governments have excessive control over the

Some ASEAN states have authoritarian regimes. (Inference)

ASEAN states are repressive too. (Inference)

people they ruled. (Explanation) This is shown by the Vietnamese officer who admonishes the rest of the team to show us your strength on how to intimidate your own people (Content) This is because authoritarian regimes often like to control people and force them to do things which they do not agree. And so the cartoonist use word like intimidate to show that these ASEAN states have authorities regimes. (Explanation) This is reflected by the dream of the Cambodian representative of the ASEAN Police Football force. (Content) It shows how the police officer attacks/intimidates the innocent and helpless monk which highlights the repressive approach taken against civilians. (Explanation) [6]

(b)

Study Sources B and C. How different is Source B from Source C? Explain your answer.

Question Target: compare and contrast sources Both are secondary sources OR views of scholars. Both sources expressed concern about the need to ensure stability in the ASEAN region. (inference) OR/AND Source B deals with the issue of security while Source C deals with the issue of political and economic stability in ASEAN. (content and explanation) Both sources show ASEANs strong resolve to work together to ensure stability in the region, with uncertain outcomes. In Source B, it is stated that the terrorist threat in Southeast Asia is more serious than it seemed a year ago, e.g. there were more terrorist incidents in Indonesia. Most Southeast Asian states have been co-operating closely with US in the antiterror war. In Source C, ASEAN has embarked on an ambitious vision for 2020 which includes efforts to strengthen institutions to keep peace and stability in the region. There is no certainty; however that it will succeed in realising that vision.

OR/AND Source B deals with the issue of security while Source C deals with the issue of political and economic stability in ASEAN. In Source B, ASEAN has been contributing positively to eliminating terrorists threat by cooperating closely with the US in anti-terror war. In Source C, ASEAN has successfully developed a vision for the year 2020 to deal with economic and environmental problems. The tone of the two sources was different. Source B seems more positive whereas Source C seems to indicate that they were uncertain. Source B also says that ASEAN has been working positively towards dealing with the security issue but Source C highlights the vision and plans of ASEAN in 2020 without making a judgement as to the success of the implementation. In Source B, ASEANs motivation and commitment is firm as they deal with the threat principally out of their own national interests. In Source C, the outcome of the implementation of the vision remains uncertain - no certainty. As such, both sources outcomes remain different. Both sources are different in their purpose. Source Bs purpose is to highlight the deep level of cooperation of ASEAN members with the international community in dealing with a common problem. It is to create a positive impression of ASEANs own positive efforts at anti-terror control. Source Cs purpose is to highlight that ASEAN also remains active in facing up to its challenges. It aims to give readers hope without being over-confident and presumptuous in ASEAN implementing its vision. Study Source D. How useful is Source D in describing ASEAN as a weak association? Explain your answer. [6]

(c)

Question Target: Evaluation + Usefulness Useful based on provenance It is an opinion held by an academic. ASEAN has lost its diplomatic influence. It suffers from its own increasing weight. Source D is useful as it highlights to us the problems and difficulties faced by ASEAN. He states that there has not been any growth or development of ASEAN as an economic or political community for the past 30 years. In addition, he highlights that becoming bigger has meant that it becomes more difficult for ASEAN to act and transform itself.

OR Not useful- only one persons point of view and he may be overly pessimistic.

Useful based on content Source D is useful as it highlights to us the problems and difficulties faced by ASEAN. He states that there has not been any growth or development of ASEAN as an economic or political community for the past 30 years. In addition, he highlights that becoming bigger has meant that it becomes more difficult for ASEAN to act and transform itself. This is supported by Source E- ASEAN- a varied mix of states that runs from first-world democracy Singapore to poor, military-ruled Myanmar. Source D is not useful as it ignores the positive work of ASEAN. Crossreferring to Source B, ASEAN is seen as having cooperative relationships with the US in its anti-terror war. Also, in Source C, ASEAN has been able to face up to the challenges of an economic crisis and environmental disaster despite obstacles. In Source E, ASEANs difficulties are worsened as it involves countries with a varied mix of states that runs from first-world democracy Singapore to poor, military-ruled Myanmar. As such, it is difficult to present a united front of ASEAN in road shows given that ASEAN has different degrees of relevance among member nations. This shows that ASEAN remains a weak association as it cannot present itself as a single market to potential investors. Cross-referencing with Source C, the expanding numbers of ASEAN as shown in Source D, has been recognised as a potential problem. Therefore, Source D is only useful to a limited extent as ASEAN is finally awakening to the challenges of terrorism and economic competition. Study all sources. How far do the sources show that ASEAN is an effective organisation? Explain your answer. [8]

(d)

Question Target: Evaluation of source Sources B and C show that ASEAN is an effective organisation, while the rest of the sources do not.

Source B highlights the effective cooperation of ASEAN with the US in fighting terrorism. Source C shows the road ASEAN has taken to implement their vision 2020. However, Source A highlights the authoritarian governments of some ASEAN countries. Source D shows the poor performance of ASEAN in developing and growing the association. Source E, the diversity and mix of the 10 nations in ASEAN makes it difficult to present a united and effective front for potential investors. Source B highlights the effective cooperation of ASEAN with the US in fighting terrorism. It shows the conviction of members to deal with Al Qaeda as it is part of the countrys national interest. Source C highlights the road ASEAN has taken to implement their vision 2020. It addresses the key concerns of newer members and how institutions are to be strengthened. OR

However, Source A highlights the negative example of governance which is also shared by the other countries in ASEAN. Source D highlights the poor performance of ASEAN in developing and growing the association. ASEAN is seen as not having a common interest in cooperating with one another. In addition, in Source E, the diversity and mix of the 10 nations in ASEAN makes it difficult to present a united and effective front for potential investors. Hence, ASEAN is not seen as an effective organisation because of these problems. Singapore intends to organise a 2006 conference in Singapore as a showcase of ASEAN, rather than just Singapore. ASEAN is also working to enhance security in the waters to curb piracy and terrorism. This argues that ASEAN continues to remain relevant and can be effective following the crisis in 1997. Indeed, ASEAN remains effective as a diplomatic body and will hopefully, form a single market by the 2020 deadline.