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854038 Impact strength of sandstone Sakai, S; lida, R; Irobe, M Proc 4th Australia-New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Perth, Western Australia, 14-18 May 1984 V1. P49-53. Publ Barton. Inst of Engineers, 1984
Analytical methods of impact split-cylinder tests and impact uniaxial compression tests on sandstone carried out to clarify the behaviour of rocks by impact loading. Auth.

854O43 Visco-damage tension model for rocks in ground-shock applications Whitman, L lnt J Num Anal Meth Geomech V9, N1, Jan-Feb 1985, P7189
A simple rate-dependent tension model, primarily for rocks in ground-shock calculations, formulated as an internal state variable theory, with spherical void development taken to approximate the underlying dissipative micromechanism. A simplifying assumption using ductile rather than brittle damage growth, and the strain-softening mathematical theory, are adopted. The tension option is extended to include healing in the post damage compressive phase. The model is referred to as the visco-damage tension model. Results of uniaxial shockloading strain-rate calculations exhibit desired characteristics in tension. Damage related hysteretic effects are illustrated through cyclic loading calculations. 854O44 Plate loading tests on sloping rock. Technical note Vreede, F A lnt J Num Anal Meth Geomech V9, N1, Jan-Feb 1985, P9199 Plate loading tests are used to determine the deformation modulus of a rock mass in situ. When the rock surface is not horizontal and it is not possible to apply the load perpendicular to the surface or to drill the borehole on the axis of symmetry, it is necessary to calculate the modulus from displacements in non-axisymmetrical arrangements. Formulae are presented suitable for important practical cases of sloping rock. 854O45 NX-borehole jack: a lesson in trials and errors Heuze, F E; Amadei, B lnt Rock Mech Min Sci 1/22, N2, April 1985, P105-112 The NX-boreholejack is used for in situ estimation of rock mass deformability. It applies uni-directional pressure to borehole walls via two steel platens. Using the original theoretical formula, calculated values of material modulus proved too low. The history of the development of the NX jack theory is presented. It is now understood that low estimates can be caused by one or more of the following: (1) outward bending of the jack plates giving artificially high displacement readings: (2) mismatch between borehole and jack platen radii; and (3) tensile cracking of intact rock or tensile opening of natural joints around the borehole.

854039 Behaviour of collapsible soil under cyclic loading Bhatia, S K; Quast, D Proc 4th Australia-New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Perth, Western Australia, 14-18 May 1984 V1, P73-77. Publ Barton. lnst of Engineers, 1984
The behaviour of a collapsible soil under static and cyclic loading conditions is discussed. The intention of the study was to determine the influence of a certain arrangement of soil particles found in collapsible soil on its cyclic behaviour. A collapsible soil and a fabricated soil with similar properties were subjected to consolidation, triaxial and cyclic triaxial tests under both normal moisture content and saturated conditions. Collapsible soils have higher resistance to deformation, which is interpreted to be due to a specialized structure which is destroyed upon saturation.

854040 Effective shear strength parameters for stiff fissured clays Moon, A T Proc 4th Australia-New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Perth, Western Australia, 14-18 May 1984 VI, P107-111. Publ Barton: Inst of Engineers, 1984
Shear box and triaxial tests were used to investigate the effective shear strength of a stiff fissured clay of constant mineralogy, but variable plasticity and grading. The relationship between shear strength parameters and plasticity index is discussed.

D e f o r m a t i o n characteristics See also: 854036, 854123 854041 Suggested method for estimating the in-situ modulus of deformation of rock using the NX-borehole jack Heuze, F E Geotech Test J V7, N4, Dec 1984, P205-210
Outline of a suggested procedure for testing with the NX-jack. Test results in a medium which is assumed to be isotropic, linear, elastic, and homogeneous are analyzed.

854042 Some elastic properties of reinforced solids, with special reference to isotropic ones containing spherical inclusions Weng, G J lnt J Engng Sci 1/22, N7, 1984, P845-856
An approximate theory is developed to derive the stress and strain states for constituent phases, interface stress concentrations, elastic energy and overall moduli of a composite material. The theory was first developed for a general multiphase, anisotropic composite with arbitrarily orientated anisotropic inclusions. Numerical results are presented for the case of uniformly distributed, multiphase isotropic spheres in an isotropic matrix. The theory predicts values of Young's modulus for some 2- and 3-phase composites which are broadly in agreement with experimental measurements.

8541146 Microphysical models for inelastic material response Margolin, L G Int J Engng Sei V22, N8-10, 1984, Pl171-1179 (paper to the Proceedings on Media with Mierostructure and Wave Propagation, Houghton, Michigan, 24-25 Jan 1983)
A constitutive model for the inelastic response of solids, which contains a detailed description of the microstructure, is given. The bedded crack model describes fracture in terms of a statistical distribution of cracks. The three elements of this microphysical model are discussed: a mechanical model: a statistical description; and effective elastic moduli, which relate microscopic details to macroscopic material properties. The effective moduli enable the constitutive laws to be written as an equation of state with stress as a single-valued function of strain plus internal or structural variables.