ETCA MME and SGSN)

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

Version V1.00 V1.1 V1.2 Update Update Date Author Approved By Remarks
2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used without the prior written permission of ZTE. Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document is subjected to change without notice. The capacity indices mentioned by this document are derived under certain conditions, the actual capacity indices for business must be derived according to the actual traffic model and other requirements.
ZTE Confidential Proprietary
2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 1.1 1.2 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3 4 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.3 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Overview ......................................................................................................... 1 Location and Functions of ZXUN uMAC ........................................................... 1 Interfaces and Protocols of ZXUN uMAC .......................................................... 4 Highlight Features .......................................................................................... 6 Advanced Design ............................................................................................. 6 Large Capacity & High Integration Unified All-IP Platform, Lesser TCO ............ 6 Common Elements for GSM/EDGE/UMTS and EPS ........................................ 7 Open Interface and Flexible Networking Capabilities ........................................ 7 Outstanding Reliability and Excellent Performance ........................................... 7 Abundant Service Functions ............................................................................. 8 Smooth Expansion Capabilities ........................................................................ 8 Convenient Operation Maintenance.................................................................. 8 Functionality ................................................................................................. 10 System Architecture ..................................................................................... 14 Product Physical Structure.............................................................................. 14 Hardware Architecture .................................................................................... 15 Hardware Structure of EPC Unified Platform .................................................. 15 ZXUN uMAC Hardware Structure ................................................................... 16 Software Architecture ..................................................................................... 18 Technical Specifications .............................................................................. 20 Physical Indices .............................................................................................. 20 Mechanical Dimension .................................................................................... 20 Weight and Floor Bearing ............................................................................... 20 Color ............................................................................................................... 20 Equipment Power ........................................................................................... 20 Power Supply Range ...................................................................................... 20 Power Consumption ....................................................................................... 21 Working Environment ..................................................................................... 21 Temperature and Humidity Requirements ...................................................... 21 Cleanness Requirements................................................................................ 21 Air Pollution Requirements ............................................................................. 21 Interface Indices ............................................................................................. 22 Capacity Indices ............................................................................................. 22 Clock Indices .................................................................................................. 23 Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................... 24 Configuration Management System ................................................................ 25 Alarm Management System............................................................................ 26 Performance Management System................................................................. 26 Diagnosis Test System ................................................................................... 26 Signaling Tracing System ............................................................................... 27 Service Observation System........................................................................... 27 Variable Management System ........................................................................ 27
II
7 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 8
Reliability Design .......................................................................................... 28 System Reliability Design ............................................................................... 28 Hardware Reliability Design ............................................................................ 28 EMC Design ................................................................................................... 28 Simplification Design ...................................................................................... 29 Redundancy Design ....................................................................................... 29 Harsh Environment Resistance Design........................................................... 29 Networking .................................................................................................... 30
FIGURES
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Location of ZXUN uMAC as SGSN in Mobile Network ....................................... 2 Location of ZXUN uMAC as MME in Mobile Network ......................................... 3 Location of ZXUN uMAC as SGSN/MME Combo in Mobile Network .................. 4 ZXUN uMAC cabinet appearance and dimension ............................................ 14 Front and back views of ZXUN uMAC chassis (E8280) .................................... 15 ZXUN uMAC Hardware Structure ..................................................................... 17 Software hierarchy ........................................................................................... 19 O&M System Structure..................................................................................... 24 PS/EPS Backbone Network ............................................................................. 30 Networking Mode of xGW and uMAC Belonging to same LAN ......................... 32
TABLES
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Related Interfaces and Protocols of ZXUN uMAC .............................................. 4 Environment Temperature and Humidity Requirements ................................... 21 ZXUN uMAC Interface Indices ......................................................................... 22 ZXUN uMAC Typical Capacity Indices ............................................................. 22 ZXUN uMAC Clock Indices .............................................................................. 23 ZXUN uMAC Reliability Indices ........................................................................ 28
III
1
1.1
Overview
Location and Functions of ZXUN uMAC
Integration of core network and access agnostic is the trend of mobile network. Following the trend, ZTE provides an integrated control plane core network product, ZXUN uMAC (unified Mobile Access Controller), which can support 2G, 3G and LTE access. ZXUN uMAC can be deployed as SGSN, MME or SGSN/MME combo node to satisfy different scenarios during the evolution to pure LTE/EPC. Working as SGSN, ZXUN uMAC is the core of PS domain. It manages the access control and transmits the packet data of mobile stations in its coverage area. It also validates the subscribers location (in home network or visited network) through mobility management executing radio resource management. It provides routing functions to forward packet data between RNCs and also between SGSN and other GGSNs. In addition, it collects charging data for CG and supports network management through O&M. Working as MME, ZXUN uMAC is the core of EPS. It manages the access control. It also validates the subscribers location (in home network or visited network) through mobility management. It executes bearer management and provides routing functions to assist packet data forwarding between eNodeB and SAE-GWs. Working as SGSN/MME combo node, ZXUN uMAC can provide SGSN and MME function as described above. The location of ZXUN uMAC working as SGSN in the network is as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
Location of ZXUN uMAC as SGSN in Mobile Network
The location of ZXUN uMAC working as MME in the network is as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
Location of ZXUN uMAC as MME in Mobile Network
PDN/IMS Gi SGi
Gx
PCRF
HSS
S6a
GGSN
Gc Gn
HLR
Gr
PGW SGW
S5
MME
S11 S10
SGSN
Gn
MME
S1-MME Iu-PS S12 S1-U
Gb
BSC
Abis
RNC
Iub X2
eNodeB BTS
GSM
eNodeB
LTE-Uu
BTS
Um
NodeB
W/TD
NodeB
Uu LTE
The location of the ZXUN uMAC working as SGSN/MME combo node in the network is as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3
Location of ZXUN uMAC as SGSN/MME Combo in Mobile Network
Z XUN uMAC adopts module structure and executes different functions through different modules. By combining modules in different ways, ZXUN uMAC can provide 2G Gb, 3G Iu and LTE S1 access functions. In addition, it provides multiple physical interfaces such as E1, Ethernet, ATM and POS to meet different requirements. Integrated with GPRSSSF function, ZXUN uMAC implements mobile intelligent service.
1.2
Interfaces and Protocols of ZXUN uMAC

The related interfaces, protocols and functions of ZXUN uMAC are listed in Table1.
Table 1
Related Interfaces and Protocols of ZXUN uMAC
Interworking NE SGSN-BSS SGSN-RNC SGSN-MSC Server/VLR
Interface Name Gb Iu-PS Gs
Protocol BSSGP RANAP/GT P BSSAP+
Interface Function Connecting 2.5G BSS Connecting RNC Updating/paging the joint location of CS/PS, allocating TMSI
Interworking NE SGSN-HLR
Interface Name Gr
Protocol MAP
Interface Function Managing subscription attributes of packet subscribers Implementing mobility management between SGSNs Processing short messages
The interface between the Gn/Gp SGSN and the VLR. It uses the BSSAP+ protocol.
SGSN-SGSN SGSNSMS-GMSC Server SGSNMSC/VLR SGSN-EIR SGSN-SCF SGSN-GGSN CG-GSN MME-eNodeB MME-HSS MME-MME MME-SGW MME-Gn SGSN MME-MSC MME-EIR MME-MSC
Gn/Gp
GTP
Gd
MAP
Gs Gf Ge Gn/Gp Ga S1-MME S6a S10 S11 Gn SGs S13 Sv
BSSAP+ MAP CAP GTP GTP S1AP Diameter GTP GTP GTP SGsAP Diameter GTPv2
Processing IMEI Checking

This interface provides intelligent service control functions and realizes CAMEL.
Managing tunnels of packet data subscribers Collecting the GSN CDR in real time Accessing eNodeB for control plane Managing subscription attributes of packet subscribers Implementing mobility management between MME Bearer management for UE Implementing mobility management between SGSN and MME Implementing CSFB function between MME and MSC IMEI check management between MME and EIR Implementing SRVCC function between MME and MSC
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2.1
Highlight Features
Advanced Design
Designed in strict accordance with the 3GPP R8 specifications, besides MME function, uMAC can integrate SGSN function to protect users investment. The software is developed in strict accordance with the software engineering requirements on the basis of the top downward, hierarchical and modular design concept, which makes the software easily maintainable and expansible. Utilize the advantages of various mobile switching systems at home and abroad; the hardware structure, software structure and the integrated equipment expertise live up to the state of arts of peer products. The hardware design adopts the advanced Very Large-Scale Integrated (VLSI) Circuits to reduce stand-alone components, improve the reliability and reduce the power consumption. The software adopts the hierarchical and modular structure, and works in the load sharing mode. The load between modules is balanced dynamically, and the tasks are taken over automatically. The NE is based on unified all-IP software and hardware platform, which reduces the system development and maintenance cost. ZTE core network series are distributed processing platform and provide very high expansibility. The whole system adopts the multi-level modular design to ensure the easy installation of whole system and smooth expansion.
2.2
Large Capacity & High Integration Unified All-IP Platform, Lesser TCO
All CN products are based on All-IP unified hardware platform. Based on the advanced hardware platform and technology, with the modular design, large capacity and high integration are featured, which means less Equipment, and therefore less construction, maintenance personnel & costs and power consumption.
2.3
Common Elements for GSM/EDGE/UMTS and EPS

ZXUN system provides support GSM/EDGE/UMTS and EPS services and subscribers using same network elements. This ensures continuity for the existing GSM services. It also facilitates an easy migration of the subscribers from GSM/EDGE/UMTS to EPS, there are no changes in network topology or network element configurations during the upgrades. ZXUN system provides support access of BSS, UTRAN and E-UTRAN network simultaneously. One unified core network can greatly reduce investment with resource sharing: Signaling process, call process, switch resources etc, can be shared to save investment and ensure smooth evolution. Soft capacity: During the evolution from 2G/3G to LTE, either 2G/3G or LTE user number may increase suddenly. ZTE equipments can adjust the system resources automatically to meet the 2G/3G and LTE capacity. It is based on any 2G/3G and LTE service ratio. Therefore, the evolution may become smooth. Unified support and management system also can decrease investment. Facility such as transmission and equipment room can be shared
2.4
Open Interface and Flexible Networking Capabilities

ZXUN series provides open and standard interfaces. It supports GSM, 3GPP R99~R8, networking and allows smooth upgrades and expansion. IP, TDM, and ATM transport are supported. Thus, ZXUN series can be integrated into any of the existing networks. A safe integration is also ensured by supporting the current interfaces and signaling protocols towards the existing network elements.
2.5
Outstanding Reliability and Excellent Performance

Distributed processing design concept: The protocol processing units operate independently to ensure excellent general performance. The failure of a unit does not influence other processing units. The high-performance processor chips ensure high processing capabilities of the system. Network processor and high-performance embedded RISC processor are used in the
system to provide impetus and expansible communication functions for the system, and prevent the processing capability from being a system bottleneck. Perfect redundancy design: Key components such as service processing unit adopt 1+1 active/standby hot backup mode, user plane processing units adopt N+M redundancy backup mode, which provide automatic switching function and ensure uninterrupted running of system. Interface boards can be deployed either in 1+1 active/standby mode or in loadsharing mode. Intra chassis switching and communication adopt dual-star switching to avoid single point failure. Hot plug-in is adopted for all boards for easy maintenance Multi-level of overload control mechanism and alarm function further ensure high system reliability.
2.6
Abundant Service Functions

The system can support all PS data services, SMS service, mobile intelligent service, and location service. The system design meets the future communication development trend, and meets the general structure requirements of mobile telecommunications systems such as EPS and IN as well as the requirements of various new services.
2.7
Smooth Expansion Capabilities

Smooth evolution with Investment Protection: Since adopting the unified hardware, hardware can be reserved when evolve from GSM/UMTS to LTE. So, hardware can be shared and reused to protect hardware invests. The system has hierarchical and modular structure and can be flexibly expanded and applied. Flexible configuration is available for the user.
2.8
Convenient Operation Maintenance

B/S structure is adopted to ensure high networking capability and expandability of the system.
The client embedded in browser provides user-friendly interfaces and flexible, convenient and reliable operations. It provides multiple remote and local system access ways. The O&M can be implemented locally or remotely and can manage the whole system or some specific entities. It features reliable security and multi-level authorization protection. With such functions as charging management, performance measurement, traffic statistics, security management, service observation, user (equipment) tracing, signaling tracing, data configuration, version upgrading, alarming, loading, data backup and transmission, the system provides multiple accurate, reliable, practical and convenient O&M approaches. In addition, functions can be added according to the actual network operation and the operators requirements. The O&M system provides user-friendly interfaces, comprehensive functionality and flexible networking capability to implement centralized management over all kinds of NEs of GSM/UMTS/LTE.
Functionality
ZXUN uMAC provides the following functions: Mobility Management Mobility Management is one of the most essential basic functionalities in the mobile network, enabling continuous service for the UE while subscriber is moving. Mobility Management ensures the mobile aspect of the connection, including connection over the radio interface, authentication, and routing area updates. Session Management Session Management is one of the most essential basic functionalities in the mobile network, enabling Internet Protocol (IP) data connections between the UE and the network. It is responsible for allocating IP addresses for the connection, defining an Access Point Name in the GGSN/PGW, and controlling PDP/Bearer contexts. QoS Management Quality of Service is a basic function that allows operators to optimize the use of network resources and accommodate traffic so that it satisfies the end-user needs. Also, QoS makes it possible for operators to offer a richer variety of services and a higher level of service personalization. ZXUN uMAC can assign and limit different QoS to different subscribers classed by IMSI ranges, e.g. if a roaming user subscribes in HLR a QoS of 256Kbps Max Bit Rate, and IMSI is in the range with limit of 128Kbps MBR, then ZXUN uMAC assigns QoS Less than or equal to 128Kbps MBR to the user, according to QoS limit based on IMSI range. IMSI Range based Area Restriction ZXUN uMAC can support IMSI range based area restriction. IMSI range can be used to distinguish home subscribers and different VPLMN subscribers. It allows operator to have the choice of restricting home subscribers or roaming subscribers accessing in some route area or tracking area, e.g. restricting roaming subscribers which have only 2G roaming agreement accessing from 3G network. IMSI Range based EPLMN List ZXUN uMAC can configure IMSI range based EPLMN list, and then can send different EPLMN list to subscribers in different IMSI ranges.
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The maximum number of IMSI ranges is 16 and every IMSI range can be configured with 15 EPLMNs. It allows subscribers to select other EPLMN that provides network service besides their home PLMN. Multiple Access ZXUN uMAC supports both Gb, Iu-PS, and S1 interfaces simultaneously to facilitate 2G/3G/LTE hybrid networking. Direct Tunnel Support Direct Tunnel is deployed to separate Control Plane and User Plane in different nodes to implement a flat network. After DT applies on UMTS network, User Plane data transmits directly between RNC and GGSN, and SGSN is only responsible for PDP contexts establishment and deletion. User Plane packets forwarding is no longer in SGSN. Therefore network processing latency, which is especially important for real-time services, is reduced. The flat architecture is also inline with future network evolution. Short Message Service SMS service is a text message service. ZXUN uMAC provides SMS services including MS originated and MS terminated via MAP based Gd interface or SGsAp based SGs interface. Mobile Intelligent Service ZXUN uMAC supports CAMEL phase3 based intelligent service. It has SSP function and can access mobile IN to provide multiple intelligent services for subscribers including pre-paid service. IP Routing The routing functions are needed on the Gn/Gp/S10/S11 interface to provide connectivity to other GSNs (SGSNs/MME/GGSNs/SGW) and on Gb/Iu interface to BSC and RNC if Gb/Iu over IP is adopted and on S1-MME interface to eNodeB. ZXUN uMAC supports static routing as well as routing protocols including OSPF, RIP, BGP and IS-IS. Lawful Interception Lawful Interception (LI) ensures that the operator meets the local authority requirements for interception of mobile users data call. Gb/Iu over IP The Gb/Iu over IP feature makes it possible to transport Gb/Iu interface traffic on top of IP. It is also helpful for the SGSN Pool networking to reduce transmission resource requirement on Gb/Iu interface
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SGSN Pool BSC/RNC connects all the SGSNs in the pool at the same time. If any SGSN fails, the load is redistributed to other SGSNs in the pool. Inter SGSN RAU is replaced by intra SGSN RAU when user moves in the pool, so signaling interchange is reduced. GGSN Selection based Redundancy SGSN selects GGSN from the GGSN address list returned by DNS according to the GGSN priorities. GGSN of highest priority will be selected first, when this GGSN fails, less high GGSN will be selected instead. Multiple GGSNs can be put in the same priority class. In the same priority class, GGSNs are selected by load-sharing rule. With this feature, GGSN redundancy can be implemented. SS7 over IP SIGTRAN is used to support SS7 protocols be transported on IP network. SGSN Charging ZXUN uMAC supports Ga interface to connect CG adopting GTP protocol. Various CDRs are generated by SGSN including S-CDR, M-CDR, SM-MO-CDR and SMMT-CDR. Charging on both data volume and duration are supported. S1 Flex The eNodeB connects all the MMEs in the pool at the same time. If any MME fails, the load will be redistributed to other MMEs in the pool. Inter MME TAU is replaced by intra MME TAU when user moving in the pool, so signaling interchange is reduced. PDN-GW Selection ZXUN uMAC selects PDN-GW from the PDN-GW list returned by DNS. PDN-GWs are selected according to their priority, static weight, topology relation and availability. With this feature, PDN-GW redundancy is achieved.. Serving-GW Selection ZXUN uMAC selects Serving-GW from the Serving-GW list returned by DNS. Serving-GWs are selected according to their priority, static weight, topology relation and availability. With this feature, Serving-GW redundancy is achieved. IPv4v6 Dual Stack IPv6 is considered as the next generation internet protocol to overcome the shortage of IPv4 address. 3GPP has chosen IPv6 as one type of address allocated for UE. ZXUN uMAC as MME supports MS attach request for IPv4v6 DS PDN and IPv4v6 type bearer activation request.
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CSFB Voice service in LTE era can be realized by CS Fallback (CSFB). The CSFB solution redirects LTE UE to 2G/3G CS domain upon detection of a voice call and thus reusing the CS infrastructure to support voice calls. SRVCC Voice service in LTE era can also be realized by IMS. When UE moves from LTE coverage to 2/3G coverage, SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity) technology will transfer voice call to CS domain without any interruption.
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4
4.1
System Architecture
Product Physical Structure
ZXUN uMAC system is installed in the standard 19-inch Cabinet which has the internal space of 47U, containing power distribution chassis, fan chassis, service chassis, air deflector and dustproof chassis. The Cabinet appearance is shown in the following figure.
Figure 4
ZXUN uMAC cabinet appearance and dimension
14
ZXUN uMAC adopts ZTE E8280 chassis which is based on ZTE ETCA platform and fully compatible to ATCA standards. The dimension of 11U E8280 chassis is: 482.6 mm 607 mm 486.1mm (Width Depth Height). The front and back views of ZXUN uMAC chassis are shown as follows:
Figure 5
Front and back views of ZXUN uMAC chassis (E8280)
4.2
Hardware Architecture
ZTE hardware platform principle: This hardware platform adopts All-IP architecture to meet the needs of smooth upgrading of R99, R44, R5, R6, R7, and R8 network. In addition, this platform uses advanced electronic technology to improve the system integrity and reduce the network construction cost. Various Network Elements involved in ZTE R99, R4, R5/R6/R7/R8 networks, such as MME, MSC, SGSN, MGW, MSC Server, MGCF, CSCF, and HLR/HSS, all utilize the same hardware platform and share the same boards. Thus the consistency and the reliability of the system are ensured.
4.2.1
Hardware Structure of EPC Unified Platform

Based on Unified Hardware Platform , Possessing High Stability and Maturity ALL-IP unified hardware platform (V4) is adopted, which guarantees the consistency, service portability, system reliability and stability of the hardware for 2G/3G/LTE systems. Large Capacity, High Integration and Investment Protection With todays increased traffic and Declining ARPU, network elements are required to have high capacity and less footprint. ZXUN uMAC needs only three chassis to support 15 million subscribers and uses less equipment room area and power
15
supply system. Thus ZTE CN saves the investment of network construction for operator. All-IP Hardware Platform, Easy Migration to All-IP Network ZXUN (V4) hardware platform are based on all-IP architecture, adopts highperformance packet processing platform of Crossbar technology and provides 80Gbps switching capability, which guarantee that WCDMA/EPC nodes will have no congestion of switching capability. Abundant Interfaces and Supporting Various Networking Scenarios ZXUN CN equipment supports the access interfaces such as E1, ATM STM-1, SDH STM-1, FE etc. and different networking scenarios based on the practical requirements. ZXUN CN equipment supports various applications, such as 2G SGSN, 3G SGSN, 2G&3G SGSN, 2G&3G SGSN and MME, Pure MME etc. Support LTE access, as well as handover and roaming between 2G/3G and LTE systems ZTE WCDMA CN equipment supports GSM/GPRS/UMTS/EPS access, intra-MSC, intra-SGSN, intra-MME, inter-MSC (2G-MSC and 3G-MSC), inter-SGSN (2G-SGSN and 3G-SGSN), inter-MME handover and roaming. Various tests results of ZTEs handover process between 2G/3G/LTE systems demonstrate ZTE CN products to be the best in industry.
4.2.2
ZXUN uMAC Hardware Structure

ZXUN uMAC system is based on ZTE ETCA hardware architecture. ETCA architecture is an improvement on ATCA. ETCA is fully compatible with ATCA and both of them are according to PICMG3.0 standard. Unlike RTM (Rear Transit Module) in ATCA, ETCA rear board has signal connection with backplane, it means rear board is independent of front one. Rear boards in ETCA not only provide connectivity for the system, but also provide link layer processing, media processing and storage modules, which dramatically increase the functionalities in one chassis. Following figure illustrates hardware structure of ZXUN uMAC.
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Figure 6
ZXUN uMAC Hardware Structure
The ZXUN uMAC system is composed by following boards and modules: 1. PPBB0: Packet Processing Blade B0, it can be configured as UOMP, USMP or USUP logical module to implement corresponding service function. UOMP: Universal Operation Main Processor, it implements system control and routing management functions and supports 1+1 active/standby redundancy, every uMAC system needs one pair of UOMPs. USMP: Universal Service Main Processor, it implements service signaling processing in Control Plane and supports 1+1 active/standby redundancy. USUP: Universal SGSN User Plane Processor, it implements packets forwarding in 2G and 3G SGSN User Plane and supports N+M backup mechanism. 2. PPBX0: Packet Processing Blade X0, UOMM (Universal Operation and Maintenance Module) is implemented on this board for network management. It supports 1+1 active/standby redundancy and every uMAC system needs one pair of UOMM.
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3.
MPI: Multi-Protocol Interface board, It can be configured as UIPB for IP connection with 4 GE copper or optical ports, USPB/UFRB for SS7 and FR connection respectively with 32 E1/T1 ports. API: ATM Protocol Interface board, UAPB (Universal ATM Process Board) is implemented on this board for ATM connection at Iu interface with 4 STM-1 ports or 1 STM-4 port. UIMA (Universal Inverse Multiplexing over ATM) is also implemented on API for IMA access. BSW: Base Switch logical name for uMAC system is UBSW (Universal Base Switch). UBSW is adopted for Control Plane packets switching in one chassis or between different chassis. Every UBSW provides 1Gbps switching capacity for every front or rear slot and provides 4Gbps for the switching between different chassis. UBSW supports 1+1 load-sharing redundancy, 2 UBSWs double the switching capacity. FSW: Fabric Switch, logical name for UMAC system is UFSW (Universal Fabric Switch). UFSW is adopted for Media Plane packets switching in one chassis or between different chassis. Every UFSW provides 1 Gbps switching capacity for every front slot, 2Gbps for every rear slot and 20Gbps (2*10GE) for the switching between chassis. UFSW supports 1+1 load-sharing redundancy, 2 UFSW double the switching capacity.
4.
5.
6.
4.3
Software Architecture
ZXUN uMAC software has a modular and hierarchical structure. Invoking between layers is unidirectional in the primitive mode, while invoking between the modules of the same layer is in the message interface mode. The interfaces between modules and layers are clear, concise, and are easy to be upgraded. The independence of modules and community of interfaces is emphasized. The ZXUN uMAC consists of a series of functional subsystems, which are independent of each other, and communicates with each other with the message mechanism. Each subsystem can further be divided into multiple functional modules. The ZXUN uMAC software system is composed of the operation supporting & HW, TULIP, Telecom Application. Fig. 7 shows the system hierarchy.
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Figure 7
Software hierarchy
ZXUN-uMAC software consists of such subsystems as bottom-layer drive module (BSP), running support subsystem, IP protocol stack, database subsystem, network management subsystem and service processing subsystem. The relationship between modules is shown in the above figure. The OS&HW provides a operating system environment for other modules. In TULIP part, there are subsystems that are described as follows: IP protocol stack provides static route, dynamic route and built-in route functions to connect with the upper-level route directly. The network management subsystem implements operation, maintenance, performance statistics, data configuration and fault management functions for the uMAC subsystem. The database subsystem, on the basis of the OS, is independent of the application database system. It uses the object-oriented relation data mode to manage the data, including defining, describing, operating and maintaining the data table. It can flexibly provide and perform the system data configuration and provide data configuration and maintenance and other functions. It also stores and manages the subscriber data and other information, providing the service processing subsystem with efficient and reliable data service. The Telecom application implements service functions for subscribers, including activation and mobility management.
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5
5.1
5.1.1
Technical Specifications
Physical Indices
Mechanical Dimension
Outline dimension of cabinet: 2200mm * 600mm* 800mm (Height * Width * Depth)
5.1.2
Weight and Floor Bearing

The net weight of cabinet including power distribution module is 120kg. The net weight of E8280 chassis with power module and fan array is 28kg Full configured E8280 chassis is 95Kg Floor bearing: Larger than 646kg/m2
5.1.3
Color
All sides of cabinet are dark blue (color code: ZX-01*02), except that frames and panel are gray (color code: ZX-02*02).
5.2
5.2.1
Equipment Power
Power Supply Range
The system power supply is fully distributed. The power modules on the functional boards convert and isolate -48V or -60V power supply into/from the power supply needed by this board (such as +5V DC/+3.3V DC/+2.5V DC /+1.8V DC). In power board design, the following factors are considered: EMC filtering, isolation, hot swappable, power-on slow start, input over-current protection, output over-voltage protection and power-on sequence. Normal working voltage of the system: -60V to -40V for -48V,-72V to -50V for -60V. For equipment with AC power as its primary power, such as a server, the nominal input power is single-phase 220V AC power, the permitted input voltage ranges from 176V to 264V, and the frequency change ranges from 45 Hz to 65 Hz. At the -48V or -60V power, inlet of the Cabinet is the power distribution module (PDM) mounted at the top of the Cabinet. The EMC filter, the general power circuit breaker and the circuit-breakers for the chassis are also installed at the inlet. The PDM module
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supplies -48V or -60V power to service chassis and fan chassis individually through independent busbar.
5.2.2
Power Consumption
The maximum power consumption of one chassis is less than 3500W The maximum configuration of uMAC is 3 chassis in 2 cabinets. If the power consumption is allowed, it is also possible to install 3 chassis in 1 cabinet.
5.3
5.3.1
Working Environment
Temperature and Humidity Requirements
The temperature and humidity requirements of the ZXUN uMAC are listed in Table 3.
Table 2
Environment Temperature and Humidity Requirements
Climatic Parameter Temperature Relative Humidity Absolute Humidity Temperature Change
Normal Operating Condition +5 to +40 5 to 85% 1 to 25g/m 0.5/min

3
Exceptional Operating Condition -5 to 50 5 to 90% 1 to 25g/m 0.5/min

3
Note 1: The temperature and humidity of the operating environment inside the equipment room are measured at the spot that is 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m in front the equipment when there is no protective plate in front or back of the equipment Cabinet. Note 2: In exceptional Operating condition, equipment can keep operating for 96 hours and the exceptional condition should not exceed 15 days in a year.
5.3.2
Cleanness Requirements
The concentration of dust particles with the diameter greater than 5m should be 3 104 particles/m3.
5.3.3
Air Pollution Requirements

Explosive, conductive, magneto conductive and corrosive dusts, as well as gases that can corrode metal and affect insulation are not allowed.
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5.4
Interface Indices
Complied standards and supported cables by interfaces of ZXUN uMAC are listed in Table 3.
Table 3
ZXUN uMAC Interface Indices
Interface Type Gn
Physical Standard 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet E1 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet STM-1 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet E1 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet
Cable Types Category-5 twisted pair/optical fiber Coaxial cable Category-5 twisted pair/optical fiber Category-5 twisted pair/optical fiber Fiber jumper LC/PCLC/PC Category-5 twisted pair/optical fiber Coaxial cable Category-5 twisted pair/optical fiber Category-5 twisted pair/optical fiber Category-5 twisted pair/optical fiber Category-5 twisted pair
Gb
IuPS
Ga Gr/Gf/Ge/Gs
S1-MME /S11/S10/Sv S6a/S13/SGs Network management
5.5
Capacity Indices
Capacity indices of ZXUN uMAC are listed in Table 4.
Table 4
ZXUN uMAC Typical Capacity Indices
Technical Features
Parameter
Specific Indices 2G/3G:12M LTE:15M 2G/3G:24M LTE:30M 10000 1024
Simultaneously attached users Capacity indices Simultaneously activated PDP Contexts eNodeB supported SGW supported
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Data throughput Concurrent bearers activated by a UE 64Kbps links Signaling indices 2Mbps links Signaling points FE interface GE interface Interface indices E1 interface STM interface
Gb over IP: 6.8Gbps Iu over IP: 25.5Gbps 11 5000 320 255 120 120 960 120 STM-1
5.6
Clock Indices
Clock indices of ZXUN uMAC are listed in Table 5.
Table 5
ZXUN uMAC Clock Indices
Parameter Clock Level Lowest clock accuracy Pull-in range Max. frequency deviation Initial max. frequency deviation Clock working mode:
Specific Indices Level-2 clock class A 410

-9 -7 -7
410 510
10 /day
-10
Fast capture, locked, hold-over and free-run
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Operation and Maintenance

NMS comprises operation & maintenance center (OMC) and charging management parts. OMC provides perfect authentication mechanism to avoid illegal access. The OMC comprises O&M server and O&M client. Charging management part includes CG processing unit, charging client, and charging OMM server. The structure of NMS is as shown in Figure 6. OMC has powerful management capability. It provides centralized control of different kinds of NEs in GPRS/WCDMA/EPS with powerful networking capability. It also provides the cascading control and the reverse operation. It realizes remote access by accessing WAN via routers. Q3 NM interface standard provides powerful interface control for NM centers and integrates graphic interface and command line processing methods.
Figure 8
O&M System Structure
Charging center CG1 Disk array CG2 Redirected CG group Charging and operation server FTAM/FTP
2G/3G/LTE NE group 1
LAN Up-level NMC Router Printer Mail server OMC server WWW server DNS Operation terminal Internet
CG1
2G/3G/LTE NE group 2
Disk array
CG2
Redirected CG group Router
LAN
Operation terminal Printer Remote terminal
The charging operation server provides centralized configuration and processing of circuit domain and packet domain, and also provides powerful charging mechanism
24
control so as to satisfy the charging content requirements in charging content time, flow, quality and service. The dual-system is adopted to guarantee that charging operation server is running without interruption. The charging system provides diversified interfaces and FTP and FTAM file transmission mode to output bill contents. According to software structure, NM system is divided into foreground module, server module and client module. The whole software frame complies with TMN (telecommunication network management) structure. NMS comprises the following functional modules: Configuration management Performance management Fault management Diagnosis and test, Service observation, Signaling tracing, Security management Charging management.
6.1
Configuration Management System

The configuration management system provides user-friendly interfaces for the configuration and management of network resources. The configuration management system provides centralized configuration and management of the different kinds of NEs in GPRS/WCDMA/EPS such as the configuration and management of physical equipment, switch and signaling, and at the same time provides tools for data transmission, data backup and recovery, and system initial configuration. Before data configuration, to guarantee the version has been correctly installed and runs normally, it is necessary to confirm the following data: Entity type of the current exchange, which is uMAC here. Cabinet configuration of the current exchange. Signaling point type of the current exchange, GT (Global Title) and IP address. The configuration data of the neighboring office of the current exchange: the type, signaling point and associated mode (associated or quasi-associated) of each neighboring office, signaling link coding and DNS address configuration.
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6.2
Alarm Management System

The alarm management system consists of two parts: real-time current alarms display and alarm-related operation.
6.3
Performance Management System

Current alarms of the device, communication, service and processor are displayed through interfaces. Real-time display provides the detailed information of each alarm in the list form, including alarm source, alarm level, alarm time, alarm content, alarm cause, alarm type and additional information. The performance management system provides statistic data about some performance parameters and traffic data of the mobile system for reference by operation departments. The maintenance client can define performance measurement flexibly. A performance measurement job consists of the start/end time, days of duration, measurement object set and granularity period. The maintenance client allows generating, deleting, modifing and observing the performance measurement in real time. The performance measurement has a wide coverage, ranging from traffic and signaling performances, service quality measurement, network configuration verification, availability measurement, throughput measurement and switching function measurement.
6.4
Diagnosis Test System

The diagnosis test, a part of fault management, provides routine test and instant test for the CS domain and PS domain devices of the core network for ensuring normal and stable operation of the entire system. In daily maintenance, the diagnosis test is used to test the physical devices and communication links through routine test. If the test result is likely to be abnormal, the engineering personnel should pay enough attention to it and take proper measures to avoid faults. In case of any fault, the diagnosis test helps the engineering personnel in finding the fault cause and locating the fault quickly with the instant test to remove the fault as soon as possible. This can also be used by the engineering personnel to judge whether the equipment and even the entire system resumes normal operation ZXUN uMAC system adopts a multi-module & fully distributed control structure. Each module consists of a series of basic units. The diagnosis test function is divided into intra-module test and inter-module test. The intra-module test is used to test the functions of the component units of the module, links between the units and MPs, and speech channels between units and switching networks. The inter-module test is used to test the communication and speech channels of the adjacent modules.
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6.5
Signaling Tracing System

The signaling trace system performs tracing the signaling data of the network operation and analyzes the service operation. It comprises No.7 signaling trace, circuit domain signaling trace and packet domain signaling trace. ZXUN uMAC signaling trace covers: Real time Tracing and displaying Diameter signaling, GTPC, S1AP signaling of S1uMAC interface and signaling of the S6a interface. Showing explanation for the signaling. Providing daily maintenance tools for data maintenance, such as tools for sorting, filtering, searching and deleting the signaling trace records. Providing tools for reestablishing the database table for you to use to install the database table for the first time or when the database table is damaged. Creating a new database table for the signaling trace record.
6.6
Service Observation System

The service observation system, as a part of the O&M system, is used to view the service operation status of the NEs and conduct analysis and processing accordingly.
6.7
Variable Management System

The security variable system is used to maintain the service parameters that should be modified dynamically. Currently, the parameters to be maintained are system control parameter, EMM parameters, GTP parameters, SM parameters, packet domain NE configuration parameters, authentication parameters and charging parameters. The security variable functions modify data at the background and then transfer them to synchronize the data of the foreground and the background, making the service parameter configuration flexible. The security variable system is used to configure the following parameters: System control parameters, Security parameters S1 interface parameters, and NE configuration parameters of packet domain
27
7
7.1
Reliability Design
System Reliability Design
Table 6 ZXUN uMAC Reliability Indices
Parameter Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) System Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) System availability (A) System annual average interruption time
Specific Indices 148000hours <30 minutes >99.999 <5 minutes
7.2
7.2.1
Hardware Reliability Design

EMC Design
EMC design of ZXUN uMAC system involves filtering, grounding, overlapping and cabinet electromagnetic shielding. EMI power filter and lightening arrestor are used for the power cables of the overall system. Filters are at the input/output terminals of power modules boards. Boards and parts must satisfy Grade B requirements of ESD air discharge 8KV and touch discharge 6KV. To satisfy the requirements, the following measures should be taken in addition to overlapping and shielding: Grounding points should be plenty and well distributed. They are well distributed on the in-board sockets. Components (except indicators and switches) should be kept at a proper distance from the panel (> 10 mm), away from panel edge. Holes for indicators and switches should be of proper size and there should be no excessive gap. There is no wire alongside the panel edge. Any wire (except the indicator wire) should be at least 5 ~ 10 mm away from the panel edge. The clock cable runs inside, not on the top or the bottom and should be as short as possible. The devices to be used should be of high ESD protection level. Normally the ESD of a device should be at least 2000V.
28
The grounding wire layer should be larger than the boundary of the wires and components. At the panel side, the grounding wires should be installed with at least 5mm spacing. The wires on the backplane must undergo crosstalk emulation Signal lines of high working frequency should be suppressed and shielded as necessary. Boards and parts should bear anti-static labels.
7.2.2
Simplification Design
For the purpose of reliability, the system is designed in the following principles: Simplifying the system structure and board circuits, reducing the quantity of devices on the board, specifying uniform board signal definitions and implementing uniform backplane design so that relevant function boards can be reused and mixed. Reuse function and compatibility are fully recognized. For example, multiple function boards are integrated into one board, and circuits of the same functions are integrated into one standard circuit. Use more general-purpose devices/parts. General purpose here means the compatibility inside this system and with other products. Units and modules of the systems are designed according to relevant industry standards.
7.2.3
Redundancy Design
Redundancy design of the system is used for key-boards backup. Boards are backed up as follows: The Ethernet switching board, OMP and control plane service processing board are exclusively backed up in 1+1 mode. The active/standby boards send "Heartbeat" signals to each other through the internal Ethernet to detect the status of the other. The changeover follows the active/standby changeover mechanism of the system. The active and standby boards can not be online / offline at the same time and their data are synchronized through the internal Ethernet. The interface board is backed up in load-sharing mode.
7.2.4
Harsh Environment Resistance Design

ZXUN uMAC is an indoor product, which should be installed in the central equipment room of good conditions. Air-conditioning is required. Thus, the product is not required to be moisture-proof, smoke-proof, mould-proof, burglar-proof and water-proof. It is not necessary to do 3Proof processing to the boards. To prevent any damage in shipping and storage, cabinets are well protected. The cabinet surface is dust-proof and corrosion-proof. Boards are shipped in the cabinet. Therefore cabinets are packed in vacuum pads and shockproof foams. Since the cabinets are heavy, they are shipped in moisture-proof crates.
29
Networking
ZXUN uMAC is a functional entity to establish the connection between eNodeB to PDNGWs. The configuration and networking of uMAC are very flexible. The national PS network backbone comprises several regional nodes that are connected to each other in mesh. A pair of top-level Domain Name Servers (DNS) is configured on the national network, responsible for domain names that cannot be translated by provincial DNS. The provincial networks access the backbone network nodes through Routers. Routers are usually set in pairs, for accessing different backbone nodes to ensure the network reliability. The logic structure of the national backbone network is as shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9
PS/EPS Backbone Network
When the EPS backbone network based on the national IP backbone network, no new routing device is necessary. But when it does not depend on the national IP backbone network, the regional nodes can be connected through the dedicated line. There are multiple networking schemes for the provincial PS backbone network construction. When there is an IP backbone network in a province, the uMAC serves as the node to access the IP backbone network. When there is no IP backbone network in the province, the provincial backbone network may have one or multiple backbone nodes according to the capacity at the beginning of the network construction. When the needs for the PS are not great and are centralized in only a few cities, the uMAC and SAE-GW in these cities are usually connected through
30
the LAN in order to reduce the cost and speed up the network construction. In some local networks, there are only SAE-GW but no uMACs. In this case, the provincial network accesses the national backbone network through the routers and the local networks can be connected through the dedicated leased circuit. In a signaling network, the uMAC communicates with HLR through the SS7 network. This network is simple in structure and provides the packet service throughout the province quickly. If the need for the EPS is great, there will be many backbone nodes in the province. The backbone nodes are responsible for service convergence in some areas and they are interconnected into a mesh network. The provincial backbone network is connected to the national backbone network. If there is an IP backbone network in the province, the uMACs are directly connected to the IP backbone network. The following configuration modes for the EPS local network construction are available according to the EPS volume. Mode 1: The uMAC is needed in the local network, but the SAE-GW is not needed. Mode 2: Multiple uMAC and SAE-GW are needed in the local network. In Mode 1, only the uMAC is configured in the local network and different local networks share one SAE-GW. In this case, the uMAC is only responsible for the EPS subscribers in the local network. The uMAC is connected to the outside through the provincial backbone nodes. In Mode 2, there is a great need for the EPS in the local network, so multiple uMACs/SAE-GWs should be set. All the nodes can be placed together to connect each other through the LAN or placed separately through the MAN. At the initial stage of EPS network construction, the capacities of the uMAC and SAEGW are small, so they can be combined into one in structure (but they are two entities to outside). The combined uMAC provides WAN S11 and SGi interfaces for other uMACs and SAE-GWs, but uses an Ethernet interface for the local SAE-GW. The S11 interface between the combined uMAC and SAE-GW adopts the standard protocol. When combined into one, no separate Cabinet are installed for the SAE-GW. In this case, as the SAE-GW capacity is small, the uMAC and SAE-GW can use one router to connect the EPS backbone network or the external PDN. The networking structure of the SAE-GW and the uMAC in the same LAN is as shown in Figure 10.
31
Figure 10 Networking Mode of xGW and uMAC Belonging to same LAN
HSS/HLR/AUC IW/GMSC
MSCS /VLR
GERAN/UTRAN/ EUTRAN
No7 signaling network

IP
Internet
Firewall
backbone ZXUNuMAC
ZXUN-xGW IP backbone
DHCP
DNS
ZXWN-CG ZXWN-OMC
If the address pool mode is used or the IP address of the mobile phone is static, then the DHCP server is not necessary. In addition, as the uMAC and SAE-GW are both connected to the EPS backbone network, the DNS can be the DNS on the EPS backbone network. The independent networking mode is often used. In this mode, the ZXUN uMAC is connected to the ZXUN uMAC or others vendors uMAC through the EPS backbone network.
32
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Name 2G 3G 3GPP 3GPP2 ATM AUC AVP BOSS BSC CAMEL CAP CAPEX CBC CCG CDMA CDMA2000 CG CN CS CSCF EIR EPS EUTRAN FTP GGSN GPRS Second Generation
Explanation
the third Generation mobile communications Third Generation Partnership Project Third Generation Partnership Project 2 Asynchronous Transfer Mode Authentication Center Attribute Value Pair Business Operator and Supporting System Base Station Controller Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic CAMEL Application Part Capital Expenditure Content Based Charging Content based Charging Gateway Code Division Multiple Access Code Division Multiple Access-2000 Charge Gateway Core Network Circuit Service Call Session Control Function Equipment Identity Register Evolved Packet System Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network File Transfer Protocol Gateway GPRS Support Node General Packet Radio Service
33
GSM HLR HSS IM-SSF IMS IMSI IOT ITU LAI MAP MME MMS MS MSC MTBF MSISDN NAT NM NRI OMC OCS OPEX PDP PLMN POS PS QoS R99 R5 R4
Global System for Mobile communications Home Location Register Home Subscriber Server IMS Service Switch Function IP Multimedia Subsystem International Mobile Subscriber Identity Inter-Operation Test International Telecom Union Location Area Identity Mobile Application Part Mobility Management Entity Multimedia Message Services Mobile Station Mobile Switching Center Mean Time Between Failures MS ISDN Network Address Translation Network Management Network Resource Identifier Operation and Maintenance Center Online Charging System Operating Expense Packet Data Protoco1 Public Land Mobile Network Packet Over SONET/SDH Packet Service Quality of Service 3GPP Release V.99 3GPP Release V.5 3GPP Release V.4
34
RADIUS RAN RANAP RNC RNS RRU SCTP SGW SGSN SIGTRAN SMS SMSC SMTP SS7 TCP/IP TD-SCDMA UMTS WAP WCDMA ZXUN ZXUN GGSN ZXUN SGSN ZXUN HLR/AUC ZXUN MGW
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service Radio Access Network Radio Access Network Application Part Radio Network Controller Radio Network Subsystem Remote Radio Unit Stream Control Transmission Protocol Serving Gateway Serving GPRS Support Node Signaling Transport Short Message Service Short Message Service Center Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Signaling System Number 7 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access Universal mobile telecommunication system Wireless Application Part Wideband Code Division Multiple Access ZTE unified core network The GGSN in ZTE unified core network subsystem The SGSN in ZTE unified core network subsystem The HLR/AUC in ZTE unified core network subsystem The MGW in ZTE unified core network subsystem
35

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ZXUN uMAC Product Description

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

7 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 8

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2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

Location of ZXUN uMAC as SGSN in Mobile Network

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

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ZXUN uMAC Product Description

Location of ZXUN uMAC as MME in Mobile Network

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2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

Location of ZXUN uMAC as SGSN/MME Combo in Mobile Network

Interfaces and Protocols of ZXUN uMAC

Related Interfaces and Protocols of ZXUN uMAC

Interworking NE SGSN-BSS SGSN-RNC SGSN-MSC Server/VLR

Interface Name Gb Iu-PS Gs

Protocol BSSGP RANAP/GT P BSSAP+

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

Gs Gf Ge Gn/Gp Ga S1-MME S6a S10 S11 Gn SGs S13 Sv

Processing IMEI Checking

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

Common Elements for GSM/EDGE/UMTS and EPS

Open Interface and Flexible Networking Capabilities

Outstanding Reliability and Excellent Performance

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

Abundant Service Functions

Smooth Expansion Capabilities

Convenient Operation Maintenance

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZXUN uMAC Product Description

2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary