US ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLLEGE International Military Student Preparatory Course P910 English Writing Example

Citation Handout

In the course of your time in CGSOC, you will be required to turn in a number of written papers of various types. Many of these papers will require you to include footnotes or bibliographies citing the publications you used in researching the assignment. This handout covers examples of formats for citing the most common types of documents you will encounter. If you have any questions concerning how or when to cite a source, ask your instructor. The examples below show first the general format to be used for each type of document, and then a specific example. You should note that when the format or example uses italic type, then you should put that part of your citation in italics. Also, follow the punctuation styles shown in the example between portions of the citation. There are two main places where you must cite the sources for information: the bibliography where you will list all of the sources you used; and the footnotes (shown at the end of a page) or endnotes (shown at the end of a section, chapter or the paper), which is where you will cite the source of specific information in your paper. The two types of citations use slightly different formats. In the bibliography, you will list all your sources in alphabetical order by the author's last name. Footnotes or endnotes are numbered by the order in which they appear in the paper, and the author's name is shown in normal (First name, Last name) order. You should also note that the two types of citations are indented a little differently, and that for a footnote or endnote you must cite the specific page(s) where the information came from.
Book - Use this format when citing information from a commercially published book. FORMAT: Author(s). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher. Date [pages] BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE: Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. Star Trek chronology: The history of the future. New York: Pocket Books. 1993 FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE 1 Michael Okuda and Denise Okuda. Star Trek chronology: The history of the future. New York: Pocket Books. 1993, p. 65 NOTE: When a book has more than one author, the lead authors name is listed as Last Name, First Name and all other authors are listed in normal name order.

Military Publication - Use this format when citing information from a military or other government publication FORMAT: Organization, specific office (if given), publication number, title, and page number(s). Proponent, location, date of manual. BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE: U.S. Department of the Army, Command and General Staff College, Student Text 22-2, Writing and Speaking Skills for Senior Leaders, 3-2, 3-17. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1998. FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE 1 Department of the Army, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. ST 22-2, Writing and Speaking Skills for Senior Leaders (Fort Leavenworth, KS: USACGSC, August 1998), 2-5. Journal Article - Use this format when citing information from an article in an academic or professional journal FORMAT: Author(s). Date. Title of Article. Title of Periodical Volume (Date): Pages. BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE: Wilcox, Rhonda V. Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Studies in Popular Culture 13 (June 1991): 53-65. FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE 1 Rhonda V. Wilcox. Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Studies in Popular Culture 13 (June 1991): 53-65 Newspaper or Magazine Article - Use this format when citing information from a newspaper or general circulation magazine. FORMAT: Author(s). Title of Article. Title of Periodical, Date, Pages. BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE: Di Rado, Alicia. Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek. Los Angeles Times, 15 March 1995, A3. FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE 1 Alicia Di Rado. Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek. Los Angeles Times,\5 March 1995, A3.

Book Article or Chapter - Use this format when citing information from a book which is a collection of individual articles or separate chapters by a number of authors, or on a number of separate subjects by a single author. FORMAT: Author(s). Title of Article or Chapter. Title of Book, author/editor, pages. Place of publication: Publisher. Date. BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE: James, Nancy E. ed.. Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In Spectrum of the fantastic, 219-223. Westport, CT: Greenwood. 1988 FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE 1 Nancy E. James, ed. Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. Spectrum of the fantastic, 219-223. Westport, CT: Greenwood. 1988 Website - Use this format when citing information from a book or publication you found on the internet. Note that you must put the words [on-line] in brackets after the publications name. Microsoft Word is programmed to recognize web addresses, known as Universal Resource Locators or URLs and will automatically underline them. They will appear on your computer screen in blue type, but will print in black. You must put all the punctuation in URLs for them to be usable. FORMAT: Author(s). Title of Boo k. [on-line] Place of Publication: Publisher; Date of publication, Date that you accessed the information, Specific URL For the website BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT Lynch, Tim. DS9 Trials and Tribble-ations review [on-line]. Peoria, IL: Bradley University; 1996. Accessed 8 October 1997. Available from http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html FOOTNOTE FORMAT 'Tim Lynch, DS9 Trials and Tribble-ations review [on-line]. Peoria, IL: Bradley University; 1996. Accessed 8 October 1997. Available from http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html
Remember, if at any time you have questions about how or when to cite the source of information in one of your papers, ask an instructor or another student for help.