Lancaster County (PA) Indians OCR

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned
by Google as part of a project

to make the worlds books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge thats often difcult to discover.
Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this le - a reminder of this books long journey from the
publisher to a library and nally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the les We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these les for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Googles system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attribution The Google watermark you see on each le is essential for informing people about this project and helping them nd
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we cant offer guidance on whether any specic use of
any specic book is allowed. Please do not assume that a books appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Googles mission is to organize the worlds information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the worlds books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
at http://books.google.com/
1
"
Coogle
Digitized by Coogle
Digitized by Coogle
LANCASTER COUNTY INDIANS
ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND OTHER INDIAN
TRIBES OF THE SUSQUEHANNA TERRITORY FROM
ABOUT THE YEAR t 500 TO t 763. THE DATE
OF THEIR EXTINCTION
A"I EXHAUSTIVE AND INTERESTING SERIES OF HISTORICAL PAPERS DESCRIPTIVE
OF LANCASTER COUNTY'S INDIANS PRIOR TO AND DURING
THE ADVENT OF THE PALEFACE
~ BY
H. FRANK ESHLEMAN. B. E . M. E . LL. B .
..-
MEMMER OF THR LANCASTER BAR; MEMBER OF LANCASTER COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIET'V i
MBMBRR OF PENNSYLVANIA HJSTQRICAL SOCIBTY OF PHILADELPHIA i MEMBER
OF PBNNS\"LVANIA HISTORY CLUB OF PHILADELPHIA
1908
LANCASTER, PENNA
Digitized by Coogle
76
P4
:.75-
PRn';"LED THE.
EXPRESS PRINTING CO.
L;;'irITZ ..
CupYKight 1909
By H. Frank Eshleman, Eug.,
Lancaster, Penna.
550 Copies luued
ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND OTHER
LANCASTER COUNTY INDIANS.
.:
PART I.
EarUest EstabUshed J.ppe(ll"anee.
IndJans on SU1Iquehanna-Where
The)" Came From.
01 to be Inhabited by a powerful nation
Ilvtng:ln towns on the great rivers."
.This . people, tall and stout, some of
gigantic mould, were called Allegewl,
Gordon In his history of Pennsyl- and their own towns were defended
vania page 44 says, "After many ages, by fortifications. The Lenape asked
the enterprising hunters of the Le- permission to settle among them. This
nape crossed the Allegheny moun- was refused but they were allowed to
talns, and discovered the great rivers, pass and go farther east. But while
Susquehanna and Delaware, and their they were passing there being so
bays." . ,They came from the west. many of them, the A11egewl stopped
Nearly all writers agree that all the them. Then the Lenape and the Men-
Indians between Canada and Virginia gwe went together and whipped the
came from the Lenape and the Menqui Allegewi and' took all the country
or Mengwe. Heckwelder says In his east of the Mississippi and north of
"History, Manners and Customs of Virginia" after a war of many years.
the Indian nations," page 50: "For a The Mengwe then took the northern
long period of time, some say hun- part of the conquered country and the
dreds of years, the two Indian nations Lenape the southern. This is the
Lenape and Mengwe resided peace- story the Lenape tell as related by
ably about the great Lakes and A11e-1 Gordon and Heckewelder.
gheny, and they came down and I These according to their
discovered first the Susquehanna and I own story .then say after they be-
then the Delaware." Gordon, page I came established in the east they dl-
43 says, (giving credit to Heckeweld-
I
vlded themselves into three tribes-
er) that the Indians themselves, "re- the Turtle-the Turkey Tribe and the
late that many centuries past, their, Wolf The first settled on the
ancestors dwelt In the far western I coast from' Hudson to Potomac Rivers.
wilds of the American continent"- i The other; Wolf tribe settled In-
that after many years they arrived at : land on the Susquehanna, because
the Mississippi, where they fell IIi :'they warlike and formed a bar-
with the Mengwe, who 'were also bn i,rler, between the coast tribes of the
.. , ' I
this river nearer Its 'The . Lenape and the Mengwe on the west
spies of the Lenape, reporte'd' (the ,'whQ become enemies of all Le-
country on t!Ie east of the by, this time. Gordon says, page
Digitized by Coogle
4 A N ~ A L S OF THE SUSQrEHk'iNOCKS AND
45, that the Wolf tribe of the Lenape' These earllest Susquehannock In-
called by the English Mlnsl or Moncey I dlans were cannibals to some extent.
[ndlans, extended as far west as the Heckewelder tells us, page 55, "At
hills known as the Lehigh and Cone- one time they did eat human flesh.
wago HlIls In Pennsylvania, (p. 45). And at one time they ate up a whole
This migration according to the au- body of the French King's soldiers;
thorltles and the Indians' own story and they said human flesh tastes llke
extended over many centuries. so that bear's meat." They say the human
they reached and discovered the Sus- hand Is bitter meat and not good to
quehanna likely before the discovery eat, llke the other parts of a person.
of America. The Susquehannocks, The Susquehannocks remained more
NanUcokes, the Shackamaxons, the or less cannibal up to 1666, when Geo.
Shawnese, and several other tribes, Alsop writes that at that date he
Gordon says, came from this Wolf knew of them eating their enemies
tribe of the Lenape. (p. 56.) I whom they took In war.
The committee of archaeology of I Thus much for the earllest ac-
the Dauphin Historical Society In a I counts of. our Susquehanna country
pamphlet on the Lower Susquehanna Indians. This description Is more or
called "Contributions to Indian Hls- less vague, from the misty knowledge
tory of the Lower Susquehanna Val- of them at this date; but all follow-
ley," In 1898 made a report to that Ing discussions will be supported by
Society full of Interesting matter on deflnite citation,
the origin of our Indians, and in It, 1600-Anclent Indian Rock Pictures.
page 39, they say, "Prior to 1600 but
how long before Is not known, the Very early In the history of the In-
Susquehannocks were seated upon dlans on the Susquehanna, perhaps
that river, from which they have de- before the year 1600, or may be be-
rived their name," The pamphlet al- . fore the discovery of America, the In-
so sets forth that before the Susque- dlans living on that river, cut a lot
hannocks settled on the river, "they of strange and grotesque pictures up-
came Into colllsion with the Mohawks on the rocks In the river, near Safe
the most easterly of the Iroquois, and Harbor and also near Washington
In a war lasting ten years nearly ex- borough. They seem to have been
terminated them." The same pamphlet cut, during the same age or epoch;
says that John Smith found them In and all of them seem to represent the
war with the Mohawks when he met same system of Ideas. Some of them
them In 1608 (p. 39.) The Jesuit are much deeper than others, but that
}o'athers, the minutes and records of seems to be because they have been
whose discoveries In America are less exposed to wasting forces. The
now collected and compiled Into a lines of some are nearly a quarter of
work of seventy-two volumes, called an inch deep, while others are scarce-
the "Jesuit Relations," also give ac- ly visible. The main rocks In the
counts of the wars these, now Sus- river so decorated are "Big Indian
quehannocks, went through before Rock" and "Little Indian Rock," both
they settled on Susquehanna River a few hundred yards below Safe
in the dim past. The Dauphin County Harbor. There are many rocks so
pamphlet also speaks of this (page carved however. The pictures chls-
39,) but the exact quotations them- seled In these rocks are birds with
selves from the Jesuits will be given: elaborate wings, called the 'thunder
later. I bird,' quadruped-animals, sinuous
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 5
snakes, rude outlines of trees, colled I erally. Powhatan's Indians we shall
and star shaped representations, and I see were Algonqulns, In Virginia;
also Individual men, some seated, and Capt. Smith, as we shall notice
some standing, some thin and one or in later discussions says, they were
two very fat. The thin and the fat men mortally afraid of the Susquehan-
are seated, but there are no masses or nocks, who were of the Iroquois
groups of men, In mflftary array, or I stock, and also received the white
representations of battle that I re- men in entirely ditlerent fashion. The
i I
of Penn's time, seem not to have; D. H. Landis, of Manor township, who
any knowledge of their origin. All ! has given much study to the subject.
antiquarians seem to be at a loss to I 1600-Earilest Known Trading of the
interpret these pictures. while those i Susquehanna Indians.
on rocks In the central and western I In a phamphlet, called "Early In-
states are to a great extent decipher- dian History of Susquehanna," by
ed. However it has been supposed A. L. Guss, found In the library of
that the jolly looking, fat and content- the Historical Society at Philadelphia
ed Indian, pictured sitting on the end the author says at page 12, "The
of the Indian rock nearest Lancaster Susquehannocks were one' of the
side, pointing up the valley 9f the Minqua tribes, and they had treated
Conestoga, is meant to represent that with the French about New York
up that valley is a land of great Bay. A sale of Stl'ten Island to the
plenty, while the thin, starved and Dutch contains the signature of one
bony savage pictured sitting on the of the Minqua Sachemachs (or chief-
end of the rock nearest York tains).
county toward which this Indian. is 1608-Susquehannoek Trade on St.
pointing, is meant to represent that I Lawrenee.
a very scant llving is to be found About 1603 the French were active
there. This of courJ!e is not fair to in the fur trade about St. Lawrence.
York county today, with her hustllng Further proving this early intercourse
city fast taking her place next to and trade between the French and
Pittsburg. Thus it is supposed the Susquehannocks, Mr. Guss says on the
purpose of the pictures was to be! same page, "The Iron hatchets which
guides and a system of information i Smith (1n 1608) found in the posses-
to allled tribes, rather than the per- ,sion of the Tockwocks (that Is Nan-
petuation of history. I ticokes) they informed him they had
The United States reports on Eth- received from the Susquehannocks;
nology for the year 1882 to 1883, page I and they in turn, Smith says, inform-
47, tell us that these Lancaster county ed him that 'from the French they
Indian rock-pictures are of Algon- i had their hatchets.' Thus some years
quin origin, and not Iroquois, and; before 1608 the Susquehannocks were
therefore they may have been made, in commercial intercourse with the
by Indians from the south, who per- I French." And again this same author
haps were In this region and fled out; at the same page says, "The Sus-
of it, when these hardy ancestors of I quehannocks were a ruling tribe and
the Susquehannocks, of whom we: forced trade privileges from other In-
spoke in the preceding pages, came I dian tribes. Powhatan gave this
pouring down from the Mississippi! fierce and mighty nation the name of
and Lake Region and Northwest gen- i the Pocoughtronack Indians.
Digitized by Coogle
6 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
Therefore It seems clear from the pened In Virginia since the first
evidences now found that these Planting of the Colony which Is now
mighty Susquehannocks, were seated Resident In the South part Thereof."
or roaming about and between the A. L. Guss whom I have mentioned
Susquehanna and Hudson rlvers,and before, In discussing this book says,
Indeed up to the St. Lawrence, sev- page 4, "The True Relation was
eral scores of years before the first written and sent to England the very
settlement at Jamestown; that they day Smith set sall up the Chesapeake
some years before that settle- on his trip. It contains no Informa-
ment, were In trade relations with tlon of what was learned during the
the discoverers and explorers, the two Chesapeake voyages; yet It con-
French and others who were navlgat- talns passages of great Interest re-
ing along these northern Atlantic latlng to Susquehanna Indian affairs
Coasts. These Susquehannocks also as given by Powhatan the year pre-
mention the early Dutch and It Is not vlous." Also page 9, he says the
unllkely that they met and dealt with same. Mr. Guss also says page 9,
those Dutch navigators. who as we "What Smith wrote in the True Re-
are told, page I, of Hazard's Annals, latloll was never incorporated into
"first frequented the coast of New Smith's later writings, though it is
:-letherlands, situate in America, be- the most rellable of all the historical
tween Virginia and New England, in matter publlshed over the name of
the year 1598." This wllJ suffice to Smith."
show, upon definite historical proofs, In this book the "True Relation"
that over 300 years ago, the mighty Smith tells of a conference he had
Susquehannocks dominated the coast with King Powhatan, and the King
lands and inlands. from the Susque- asked Smith why he went so far with
hanna at least to the Hudson river; his boats; (Smith had gone up the
that they were numerous and power- I Potomac River without consent) and
ful; and exerted both mllltary and Smith said those Monocan Indians,
commercial supremacy. had kllJed a relation of his (Smith's)
1607-Captaln John Smith's Histori. and he knew they were Powhatan's
cal l\' orks Touching Susquehanna. enemies, and he was after them.
John Smith wrote several his torl- This he did to Induce Powhatan to
cal works, covering several parts of tell him more about the various
America. The first was "A True Re- tribes (True Relation p. 35).
lation" (Narration)-then a "Map of
Vlrglnla"-then a "Description of
New England"-then the "General
History of Vlrglnla"-then .. New
England Trlals"-then "True Trav-
els" and later several others. The
three which concern our Susque-
hanna country are the True Rela-
tion-the Map of Virginia and the
General History of Virginia.
"The True Relation of Occurrences."
The complete title of this book Is
"A True Relation of such occurrences
"nil Acoidents of Note as has Hap-
This brought the result Smith de-
sired. and In the same book he says,
"After great deliberation he began to
discourse and describe to me the
country beyond the Falls with many
of the rest not only what another In-
dian before had told me but of a
country which he said some called it
five days, some six and some eight
where the waters dashed among many
stones and rocks which caused oft-
times ye head of ye river to be brack-
ish. He' also described upon the
same sea or river a mighty nation
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY IDNIAN TRIBES 7
called Pacoughtronack (Susquehan- of the bay where it is isx or seven
nocks, see p. 5), a fierce nation which miles in width it divides itself into
did eat men and warred with the four branches, the best cometh north-
people of Moyaoncer and Patero- west, from among the mountains; but
merke nations upon the top or the though canoes may go a day or two
head of the bay under his territories journey up it we could not get up it
where the year before thoy had slain two myles with our boat for rocks.
an hundred. He signified ther crowns Upon it is seated the Susquehannocks
were shaven, long hair in the neck, -near it the north .and by west run-
tied in a knoe, (knot), with swords neth a creek a mile and a half wide
like poll axes. -at the head whereof the ebbe (ebb)
Guss page 11 of his pamphlet says left us on shore where we found
(and he is undoubtedly right) "this many trees cut with hatchets. The
last tribe was the Susquehannocks, next tyde, keeping the shore to seek
whom Smith at this time had not yet for some savages (for within 30
met." Mr.Guss also says they were re- leagues say ling we saw not any
ported to be cannibals, which charge being a barren country) we went up
Is often made against them in com- another small river-like a creek six
mon with the Iroquois tribes. This or seven myles. From thence return-
is about all there Is in the True Re- Ing we met 6 or 7 canoes of Massa-
lation, touching on the Susquehan- wokes (Mohawks) with whom we had
nocks. What Smith learned from signs. The next day we discovered the
Powhatan was of mOre value to him small river and people of Tockwock
than to historians of our day. trending eastward."
1608-The General Bistorle of Concerning this Tockwock country
Virginia. page 120 he says, "On the east side
I have copied from this work of of the bay is the river Tockwock and
Smith all that in any way bears upon upon it a people that can make one
our Susquehanna Indians. And that I hundred men seated some seven my-
in the whole is only a few pages. les within the river where they have
Therefore, I shall give it in full and I a fort very well palisaded and man-
verbatim in these annals. Smith I telled with bark of trees."
made two journeys up the Chesa- Also page 121 concernig his Mappe
peake and about Lower Susque- of Virginia, of which we shall speak
hanna to learn of this country and later he says, "Observe that as far
its wild inhabitants. The general as you see little crosses on the rivers,
history consists of two volumes. mountains or other places have beeD
Vol. I, page 114 he says of this discovered; the rest was had by In-
Chesapeake and Susquehanna coun- formation of the savages and are set
try. "It has prerogative over the down according to their instruc-
most pleasant places known, for tions."
large and pleasant navigable rivers, 160S-Smlth Stranded In the Susque-
and heaven and earth never better haona.
agreed to frame a place for man's Captain Smith, page 119 of Vol. I,
habitation. From the bead of the General History, says, "Having lost
bay to the Northwest the land Is our grapnell among the rocks of Sus-
mountainous; at the head of the bay quehanna, we were then two hundred
the rocks are of a composition like miles from home and our barge about
mill stones-some of marble," etc. two tons, had In it about 12 men to
Then page 118 he says, "At the end perform this disCQvery where in we
Digitized by Coogle
lay about 12 weeks upon those great I wances came aboard us and crossed
waters. What I did with these small the bay in our barge. The picture
means I leave to the reader to judge of the greatness of them is signified
and the map I made of the country, on the map; the calves of whose legs
which is but a small matter in re- were three-quarters yard round and
gard of the magnitude thereof. all the rest of his limbs so ansewer-
"But to proceed, sixty of those able to that proportion' that he seem-
Susquehannocks came to visit us, ed the goodliest man we ever beheld.
with bows, arrows, targets, beads, His hair on the one side was long,
swords and tobacco pipes for pre- the other shore close, with a ridge
sents. Such great and well propor- over his crown like a cock's comb.
tioned men are seldom seen; they His arrows were five quarters yard
seemed like giants to the EngUsh, long headed with splinters of a white
yea and to the neighbors; yet seem- crystal-like stone in form of a heart
ed of an honest and simple disposi- an inch broad and an inch and a
tion, with much adieu restrained from half or more long. These he wore
adoring us as gods. Those are the in wolves' skins at his back for his
strangest peoples of all those coun- quiver, his bow in one hand and his
tries, both in language and attire; for club in the other as described in
their language may well beseem their the picture." (In G. Hills and Co.'s
proportions, it sounding from them as book "Events in Indian History,"
a voice in a vault. Their attire is the pubUshed in Lancaster in 1841, page
skins of bears and wolves, some have 82 tells us that "Werowance" is a
cassocks made of bear's head and Powhatan term of the same signifi-
skin that a man's head goes through, cance as 'Sachem' or 'Chief' of the
the skin's neck and ears of the bear northern tribes)."
fastened to his shoulders and the Page 129 Smith says of the Indian
nose and teeth hanging down his tribes in this neighborhood, "The
breast; another bear's face split be- land is not populous, for the men are
hind him and at the end of the nose few. Within sixty mUes of James-
hung a paw. town, there are some 5,000 people,
but of able men fit for their warre
"The half sleeves coming to the el- scarce 1,500. The people differ very
bows, were the necks of bears; and much in stature, some very great as
the arms through the mouth, with the Susquehannocks, others very lit-
paws hanging at their noses. One tIe as the Wichcocomocoes. The In-
had the head of a wolf hanging in dians are of a brown color when
a chain for a jewel; his tobacco pipe they are of any age; but they are
three-quarters of a yard long prettily born white. Their hair generally is
carved with a bird, a deer or some black; but very few have any beards.
such device, at a great end, sufficient The men wear half their heads
enough to beat out one's brains; shaven, the other half long. For bar-
with bows, arrows and clubs suit- bel'S they use their women, who with
able to their greatness. These are two shells will grate away the hair
scarce known to Powhatan." of any fashion they please. The
Page 120 he says, "They can make women's are cut in any fashion agree-
neare 600 able men and are pallisaded able to them but ever some part re-
in their towns to defend them from maineth long. In each ear they
the Massawomekes, their mortal commonly have three great holes
enemies. Five of their chief wero- whereat they hang chains, bracelets
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN. TRIBES 9
or copper. Some of the men wear In they much exceeded them of our
these holes a small green and yellow parts. Against all these enemies the
colored snake, near half a yard in Powahatans too are sometimes con-
length, which crawling and lapping strained to fight." In Vol., I, page
herself about his neck ofttimes would 183, Smith says the "Susquehannocks
familiarly kiss his lips. Others wear made us many descriptions of the
a dead rat tied by the tail. Some Massawomekes, and Bald they live on
wear in their heads, the wings of a a great water beyond the mountains,
bird, or the tail of a rattlesnake. which we nnderstood to be Canada."
Some wear the hands of their enem- Thus it seems clear that the Mas-
ies, dried. Their heads and should- sawomekes were an Iroquois tribe-
ers are painted with roots mixed with the Mohawks. The Jesuit Relations
011. (Page 130)." are full of descriptions of the Iro-
As to those Massawomekes, who quois incursions down the Susque-
were the dreaded enemies of the Sus- hanna River from its source. This
hannocks, Smith gives us the best In- will be discussed later. Thus It
formation as to why they were and seems that the Evans and Ellis Hls-
where they lived. Page 134 .he says, tory Is mistaken in saying page 10
"Beyond the mountains from where and 12, the Massawomekes lived on
is the head of the Potowmock, the Bush River.
savages report, inhabit their most 1608-Smltb's Set-ond Up to
mortal enemies the Massawomekes, Susquehanna.
upon . a great salt water which by At page 181, Vol. 1 of Smith's His.
likelihood Is either some part of torie of Virginia, Smith tells "What
Canada,-some great lake of some happened on the second voyage In
inlet of some se'!, that falleth Into discovering the Bay." The 24th of
the South Sea ("South Sea" means July 1608, Capt. Smith set forward
Pacific Ocean, which was Its ancient to finish the discovery with 12 men,
name. It must be remembered that He says he went "purposely" so he
all people thought America only a informed King Powhatan to be re-
few hundred miles wide). These venged of the Massawomekes; the
Massawomekes are a great nation King feasted us. 'Ve went to see the
and populous, for the heads of I bay divided Into two heads, but arriv-
the rlvers are all held by them, of. ing we found it divided into four all
whose cruelty the Susquehannocks which were searched as far as we
and the Tockwocks generally com- could saile them. Two of them we
plain; and very importunate they found inhabited but in crossing the
were with me and my company bay we encountered 7 or R canoes full
to free them from those tormentors; 10f Massawomekes; we seeing them
to this purpose they offered food, prepared to assult us left our canoes
conduct and continual subjection, and made way with our sayle (sail)
which I concluded to effect. But to encounter them. Yet were we but
then the council would not think 5 that could stand. The rest were
fit to hazard 40 men In these un- sick. We put our hats upon sticks
known regions. So the opportunl- at the barge's side and betwixt two
ty was lost. Seven boats full of I hats a man to make us seem many.
these Massawomekes we encountered I They fled. We landed: then two of
at the head of the bay, whose targets, I them came to us. We thought to
baskets, swords. tobacco pipes. plat-! nH:et them next morning, but they
ters, bows and everything show<ld, I had left."
Digitized by Coogle
10 A N ~ A L S OF THE SUSQUE:IANNOCKS Al\D
Page 182 he says. "Entering the I voyce, began an oration of their
river Tockwock (This is a little loves. That ended, with a great
stream flowing Into the east side of I painted bear's sklnne, they covered
the Bay), the savages ail armed, in I him; then one ready with a great
a fleet of boats, around invironed us;, chaine of white beads weighing at
so It chanced one of them could least six or seven pounds hung It
speak Powhatan, and soon all were about his neck; the others had 18
friendly. But when they saw us fur- mantels made of divers sort of skln-
nlshed with Massawomeke weapons, nes sewed together. All these with
and we falnlng we took them by many other toyes they laid at his
force, they conducted us to their pal- feet, stroking their ceremonious
Isaded town mantelled with bark of hands about his neck for his creation
and
to be their governor and protector,
tJees. Their men, women
promising their aid, victuals or what
children with dances and song wel- they had to be his if he would stay
corned us. Many hatchets of iron, with them to defend and revenge.
knives and pieces of brass we saw them of the Massawomekes. Many
amongst them, which they reported descriptions they made us of the Mas-
to have from the Susquehannocks, a sowomekes, and said the Massawome-
mighty people and the mortal ene- kes got heir hatchets from the French
mles of the Massawomekes. The Sus- and also other commodities of trade.
quehannocks Inhabit upon the chief I The highest mountains we saw north-
springs of these four branches of the ward we called Perigrlnes mount, and
bay's head, two days' journey higher a rocky river where the Massawome-
than our barge could pass for rocks. kes went up, Wlllowby's river in
Yet we prevailed with the interpreter honor of the town our captain was
to take with him another interpreter born In. The Susquehannock's river
to persuade the Susquehannocks to we called Smith's Falles." (See page
come and visit us for their language 183)."
is difl'erent. Three or four days we This River Tockwock, is what is
expected their return then sixty of I now called Sassafras River, and it
those gyant people came down with forms the boundary between Cecil
presents of venison, tobacco pipes and Kent counties in Maryland.
three-foot in length, baskets, targets, Page 183 Smith further says "Hav-
bows and arrows. Five of their ing thus sought all the rivers and
chief werowances came boldly abroad inlets worth noting, we returned to
us to cross the bay for Tockwock. discover the River Patuxuent."
leaving their men and canoes. The I
wind being so high, they durst not Page 218 he says, "In the way be-
tween, Werewoccamo and the Fort
passe."
near Jamestown, we met four or flve
Further on about the same page he Dutchmen, confederates going to Pow-
says, these "Susquehannocks held up hatan the which to excuse these
their hands to the sunne with a most gentlemen's suspicions of their run-
fearful song then embracing our cap- ning to the savages returned to the
tain they began to adore him in like fort and remained there." And again
manner though he rebuked them; yet, p. 223 he says "At this time the
they proceeded tm their song was I Dutchmen remaining with Powhatan
finished; which done with a most (who kindly entertaining them to
strange furious 'action and a hellish instruct the savages in the use of
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBEB 11
our arms) and their consorts not fol-
lowing them as they expected to know
the cause, they took Francis, their
companion, disguised like a savage
to the glasse house, a place in the
woods a mile from Jamestown.
Forty men they procured to lie in
ambush for Capt. Smith who no soon-
er heard of this Dutchman than he
sent to apprehend him; but he es-
caped."
This last item I append (and only
parts of it are direct quotation) for
the purpose of showing that there
were Hollanders, at this time, in this
neghborhood, bearing out the truth
of the alleged Dutch document, in
Holland setting forth that in 1698
Dutch discoverers were about these
parts. It also shows that. they were
actively in communication with the
Indians. We are to notice also that
here we have direct evidence of these
Indians having iron and copper im-
plements long before Penn's time,
and indeed long before the Swede'lil
time.
And this is all there is to be found
in Smith's History of Virginia touch-
ing on our Susquehanna country In-
dians. There is nothing on the sub-
ject at all in Vol. 2.
In our next item we shall take up
and discuss, Smith's Mappe and fix
the location of the different Indian
towns which he found here, some by'
actual observation, and the others by
information given by the Indians.
Fixing the location of the earliest
known homes of these mighty first
inhabitants of what is now our
county, should be full of genuine his-
torcal and patriotic Interest.
180S-Early Susquehannock Indian
Towns
places at later dates are known by
many writers; but Smith is the only
person who at the beginning of the
century, says anything about their
location. Smith has not in the form
of descriptions told us particularly
anything about these towns, and all
that he has said we have already dis-
cussed. But in his 'mappe' as he
call's it, he has given us while imit-
ed, very definite information. He is
moreover fair in his statements. Of
the map he says that as far as one
sees the line of little crosses placed
on mountains, houses, rivers and so
forth, he has actually discovered";
but all north of that he has set down
in the map from information given
him by the Indians. The point fur-
thest north so marked by him is on the
Susquehanna River, on the west side,
and on ,the south slope of a hlll. It
is about three-fourths the way from
the mouth of the river to the flrst
great branch of the river flowing into
it from the west. That branch fiow-
ing into it from the west is likely
Muddy Creek, York County, and it en-
ters the river opposite Fite's Eddy,
which on the P. R. R. Map is (Fites
Eddy) 21 miles from the Bay
The spot marked by
Smith is thus about 15 mlles from
the Bay, or less, and thus is just
about the Pennsylvania line, because
Haines station, the last station
in Pennsylvania is 15 mlles by
railroad from Perryvlle. Passing
eastward the farthest point north,
which Smith says he discovered per-
sonally is marked by him on North-
east River, the second branch of the
Bay. This is a few mlles below the
Pennsylvania line. A little southeast
of this he marks Peregrin Mount,
which we spoke of in a former item
The only authority, upon the 10- This Mount, page 185, he says is
cation of the Indian towns, on the highest mountain we saw northward."
Susquehanna River as early as 1608, This point is north of the Elk River'
is Capt. John Smith. Their dwelling I but in Maryland. West of the Sus:
by Coogle
12 AN:-\ALS Ol" THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
quehunna the highest point as shown I bora., a mile or two below, which are
by the map which Smith saw Is a I strong marks of a village or town.
point about flve miles from the mouth On the railroad mal)S Washington
of Gunpowder River about 20 or 25 bora., is marked 40 and % miles from
miles south of the Pennsylvania line the Bay. It must be remembered
a river forming the boundary be- this location is flxed by Smith from
tween Hartford and Baltimore coun- what the Indians told him; and that
ties. Smith called it the WiIloby. This he did not see Susquehannough him-
is the river which in a former item self. It is by the map about 10 miles
Smith said he saw the "Massowome- farther up the river than the marks,
kes go up," on their departure. West he personally explored.
of this mal'k there are four' other Mr. Guss also says page 5. "There
crosses in an irregular southwest was a Susquehanna 'New Town'
line in the direction of the Shenan- where some falls below hindered the
doah Valley. navigation about 1648; and that the
Now as to the towns, the A. L. Guss Susquehanna Fort of 1670 was on the
work before refened to, page 4, says south side below 'the greatest Falls'
"The prinCipal town, Susquehannock, now known as Conewago." He also
is laid down 22 miles from the Bay says same page that "they also had
but the book speaks of them being a fort at the mouth of Octoraro as
two days' journey higher than our early as 1662, as it is impossible to
barge could pass for the rocks. Two locate the town of Smith's descrip-
days' journey was more than 22 miles tion.
and they waited 3 or 4 days for re- Smith learned of flve other towns
turn of interpreters-they probably from the Indians, located on the map,
went 30 or 40 miles. It is claimed These are:
the chief town was near the mouth ATTAOCK; and Guss tells us page
of Conestoga." This town Smith in 5. "It is at the head of a stream
his map calls Susquehannough; and emptying into Susquehanna on the
places it on the east side of the west side below the chief town." It
River, about 5 miles above the mouth is really about the same latitude as
of Muddy Creek which creek mouth we the chief town. This may be in the
have said is opposite Fite's Eddy. neighborhood of York.
I<'ite's Eddy is marked 21 miles from About 20 miles above the chief town
the Bay, and three miles above that on the east side is QUODROQUE. This
point would be McCall's Ferry which is just below the river fork. Guss
is marked 25 miles from the Bay-or sars Quodroque is near Middletown.
ten miles above the Pennsylvania According to the map it seems to be
line. There are no marked indica- all the Conewago.
tions, such as arrow heads in great TISI:-.1ICH is another town on a
quantity or blackened earth at the branch from the northwest; and says
McCall's or I<'ite's Eddy points on the Guss, it is about L ~ b a n o n .
river indicating a town there as there UCHOWIG is a town on the other
are in Manor township. It is likely branch coming from the west. Both
that Mr. Guss is right in saying the this town and Tisinich are about 60
chief town or the one on the east miles from the Bay." (Guss p. 5.,)
side is marked" Susquehannough .. by It is opposite Harrisburg,
Smith was higher up, and 40 miles as ATQUANACHUKE is a town mark-
he says, likely was the distance ed on the map as high up the river
would bring it allOut Washington as the last two named and seems by
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LA.lIJCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 13
location to be off in northeastern history of Maryland, and in It among
Berks County. other things Dr. Shea says:
CEPOWIG is away off to the west "From the Dutch, Virginians,
at the head of WllIowby's River and Swedes and French we can thus give
is a town likely In Maryland, but it their history-When the region now
may be barely over the line In Penn- called Canada from Lake Superior
sylvania; it is among the hills. and the Mississippi to the mouth of
Thus it is not true, and so says St. Lawrence and Chesapeake Bay was
Guss also, that Smith's towns were discovered by Europeans, it was
in Lancaster County as some writers I found occupied by two tribes, Algon-
state. Not more than Susquehannough quins and Huron Iroquois. The Al-
and may be Quadroque were in our gonquins included all the new Eng-
county, at it now is limited. But the land tribes, and many more; also
new late town at the 'Falls' perhaps those south of the lakes and the An-
was in the county. dastagoes or Susquehannocks.
160S--Early War Customs of the "The Iroquois at first inferior to
Susquehannocks. the Algonquins were driven out of
We must notice here a few other the valleys of the St. Lawrence into
minor notes before going on with i the Lake Region of New York wJ:1ere
the thread of the series. Mombert I by greater cultivation, valor and
tells us that the early ancestors of union they became, superior to the
our Indians left their club before any Algonquins of Canada and New York
one they killed so that anyone who I-as the Susquehannocks who settled
discovered the dead might know what on the Susquehanna did over the
tribe did it. (Page 11). This mighty tribes In New Jersey, Maryland and
tribe therefore did not try to hide Virginia "And on this he cites Du-
their murders, but instead left their Ponceau's Translation of Campanius
name and token to warn inferior I p. 158.
tribes. He proceeds, "Prior to 1600 the
160S--Early Wanderers Among tile I Susquehannocks and the Mohawks,
Susquehannocks. the most eastern Iroquois tribe, came
J k
i hi h' 'into collision and the Susquehan-
en ms, n s IStOry of Pennsy- nocks nearl exterminated the Mo-
Ivania, page 30, says "At the height hawks in a Ywar which lasted ten'
of the summer of 1608 the Susquehan- years," This he bases on the Jesuit
nocks, at their town within Lancaster Relations of 1659 and '60 p. 28. We
county, received a message that two have noticed this before. However
strangers had come in their boats to it may not have been made clear that
see them." This was the Captain this war began prior to 1600.
Smith visit. He also says, page 47, He then tells of Captain Smith's
that about the same time "three white meeting sixty of these Susquehan-
men reached the head-waters of the
S h f II i t th h d f I nocks and that they were at war with
usque. anna, e n 0 e an s 0 the Massawomekes, which he calls
the Susquehannocks and were after- M h k d i hi '
. 0 aw s an c tes on t s De Laet s
wards found by Hendrickson on the Novis Orbis p. 73. This we have fully
Delaware and ransomed, at or near di d
the place Wilmington now stands." scusse .
160S--Dr. Shea on Susquellamlock 160S--S11squehannocks' War with the
Oil Mohawks.
r g n. Here is a subject which is very of-
A note Is found p. 117 of Alsop's ten referred to, but there is very lit-
Digitized by Coogle
tie history to be found about it. Cap- mighty, point out that It was a royal
tain Smith refers to It many times and strenuous warfre. It Is notice-
about years 1608 and later, and states able that in after years whenever the
that the Susquehannocks were in Susquehannocks wished to awe the
mortal dread of them. Dr. Shea, in Mohawks they simply threatened to
his "Identity of Andastes, Cones- resume the war against them. And
togas, Mlnquas and Susquehannocks" yet these Mohawks, fifty or more
found in Vol. 2 of Historical Maga- years later, were the father nation of
zlne, pp. 294 to 297, says the Mohawk the Five Nations, and the moving
war was in 1608; but Vol. 45, Jesuit tribe to effect the confederacy of the
Relations, pp. 203 to 5, puts It as late Five Nations.
as 1629. This we have partly dis- 1808-Snsqnehannocks at "'ar With
cussed on page 6. But the Jesuit Re- All Tribes.
lations are not very clear as to the Campanius (who wrote in 1693 a
date, saying also, in page and book history of New Sweden, now Pennsy-
just indicated, that the Mohawks have Ivania, whom we have before quoted)
within sixty years been both at the who says that much that he wrote
top and the bottom of the wheel. about, his grandfather told him, says
Truly warlike they had to fight with. p. 137 of his book, that the Indians
all their neighbors, with tribes on the! of the province were often at war
east and on the south with the An-I with the Minquas (Susquehannocks)
daste (Susquehannocks). Toward and that these Minquas and others
the end of the last century they were "have skirmished with the English,
reduced so low that scarcely any of as Samuel Purchase's relates in his
them were left; nevertheless, like a 9th Book, Chap. 6th." As Samuel
noble germ they increasd in a few Purchase's book was published in
yars and reduced the Algonquins in 1626, the time referred to by Cam-
turn; but this condition did not last panius was prior to that date.
long, for the Andaste (Susquehan- HI09-Samnel Argoll Takes Possess-
nocks) waged such energetic war on Ion and Attnmment for Snsqne-
them during ten years that they were hannock Kings.
overthrown for the second time and
their nation rendered almost extinct,
or at least so humiliated that the
name Algonquin made them tremble."
This account was written in 1659,
and referring to "the last century"
of course means before 1600; and the
"few years after" would bring the
Mohawk - Susquehannock contest
about the first decade of the next
century or about 1608 or 1610; and
this conincides with Captain John
Smith. It is a pity that no history
is extant of the campaigns of this
war, or any knowledge of the size of
the savage armies, etc.; for the fact
of its lasting ten years, and the Sus-
quehannocks being in those days so
At least one historian says that
contemporaneous with Smith certain
other Englishmen were interested In
the trade and lands of the Susque-
hannock Indians. This historian,
whoever he was, wrote about 1648, a
work called a "Descrption of New
Albion" which may be found in the
Historical Society Library at Phila-
delphia, and also an extract of it in
Proud's History of Pennsylvania,page
111. This author says, tracing the
history of the Chesapeak country
back to the Cabots,that they (Cabots)
took possession 0 f the Chesapeak;
and that from him it afterward fell
to Baron Delaware, then governor of
Virginia, who through Sir Thomas
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER C O U ~ T Y INDIAN TRIBES 15
Dale and Samuel Argoll, 40 years 1613-Earlfest Known White Han On
since, took possession and atturn- Susquehanna.
ment of the Indian kings. That is, 1615 to 1618: In a note page 291
an arrangement was made between of Vol. 5 of the Jesuit Relations, it
these Susquehannock and Chesapeak is set forth that Eitienne Brule, a na-
Indians on the one hand and the Eng- tive of Champigny, France, came to
lish on the other about 1608. Quebec with Champlain in 1607 or 8;
161S-Susquehannock Indian Trade to that he was an Interpreter for the
Be Opened Into Delaware Bay Hurons during many years and lived
By a Canal. with the tribe.
At this date the Susquehannocks In 1615 he went with Champlain to
were of some commercial importance the Huron country and was sent by
to the English and for the j,lurllOSe his commander to the Carantounais,
of getting their furs and other com- alUes of the Hurons and probably to
modities more easily to the lower the Andastae (Susquehannocks) liv-
Delaware settlement where some of ing on the Susquehanna to hasten
the Dutch lived, Samuel Argoll con-I the coming of warriors on the expe-
templated cutting a canal to connect dition against the Iroquois. Cham-
the Chesapeak and Delaware. Nicho- plain saw no more of him till three
las Biddle in 1830 in an address at years later when he came down to
the opening of the Chesapeak and Quebec with the Hurons, trading. He
Delaware canal said. "More than two told Champlain that he had been ob-
centuries have passed since this work liged to remain among the Caran-
was contemplated by the earliest ad- tounals and had explored the coun-
venturers to the Chesapeak, one of try southward to the sea (Slalter
whom Sir James (Samuel) Argoll says to Chesapeak Bay) and had been
wrote to England in 1613 that he captured, by the Iroquois and nar-
hoped to make a cut between Chesa- I rowly escaped death by torture, but
peak Bay and the Delaware." (4 Haz. I succeeded in making his way back
Reg. 270 and Acrel1us History of New I to the Hurons.
Sweden p. 19). I In this there is indeed a strong
1613-Trading Posts. likelihood that this Frenchman, Brule,
Clayborn is usually given credit for traversed the western 'parts of Lan-
establishing the first trading posts caster County between 161.5 and 1618,
about 1625 below the mouth of the if Capt. Smith was not here before.
Susquehanna, but Johnson in his This is so because of his story of
History of Maryland, page 7, gives 'I going southward from the Upper Sus-
John Pory s4ilveral years priority as quehannocks to the sea, and also
follow&: "Kent Island, before Clay- from the fact that the Hurons and
borne established there may have Susquehannocks were allies.
been the seat of a trading post. The . 1617-Delawares Become Women.
letters of John Pory, secretary of the
Virginia Company extant in London,
are dated anterior to Clayborne's
time and inform the company of a
discovery made by him and others
As the Delawares moved from the
Delaware and the Brandywine to the
Susquehanna (Sec. 3, Col. Rec. 45),
we must treat them to some extent
into the Great Bay northward where as Indians of the Susquehanna Co un-
we left settled very happily near a' try. In the year 1617 they were
hundred Englishmen with the hope of made the peace makers by collusion,
good trade in furs." they charge, on the part of the
Digitized by Coogle
16 ANNALS OF THE AND
Dutch. Mombert tells us, page 12 that they have returned 15,000 beaver
after reciting that the women had skins besides other commodities. (P.
been the peacemakers and had not 28).
been successful, or that a powerful UI28-Tbe Dutcb Furnlsb Fire 'Arms
nation would be more elfective in to Susqucbanuocks.
this oMce, that the Mengul urged up- We have before shown that as early
on the Delawares that as they were as 1608 Captain Smith found the Sus-
a powerful tribe they should be the quehannocks to have fire arms from
peacemakers. Their pride was the Dutch. Smith in his history of
touched says Mombert, '"In a moment New Jersey, however says, "The
of blind confidence in the sincerity Dutch are reported about the year
of the Iroquois they acceded to the 1623 to have furnished the Indians
proposition and assumed the petti- with fire arms and to have taught
coat. The ceremony of metamorpho- them to use them, that by their as-
sis was performed with great rejoic- sistance they might expel the English
ing at Albany in 1617 iIi the pres- when they began to settle around
cence of the Dutch whom the Lenape them." See same cited In Proud Vol.
lDelawares) charged with having I, p. 110.
conspired with the Mengui (The Iro- There s plenty of evidence to this
quois) for their, destruction." Then day that these Susquehannocks d,d
Mombert goes on to tell us that hav- have metal weapons. John M. Wit-
ing disarmed the Delawares they led mer, formerly of Manor township, has
them into war with the Cherokees two iron axes, three copper darts,
and then suddenly deserted them un- one fiat and two hollow cones and
armed to their destruction. several yards of beads found upon
1621-Indfun Trade Becomes Hore the localities they inhabited in
Profitable.
Samuel Argoll, not satisfied with the
profits he was making out of the
southwestern Manor township.
162;}-Tbe Attack of Clayborne aud
Kent Island.
Susquehanna Indians in their own While we have seen in former pages
country, now began making expedi- the Kent island was occupied by
tions further up the coast where we English earlier than 1625 according
have seen the Susquehannocks also to Proud (115 note) it was about that
had trade privileges. One of these year that the occupancy began to be
expeditions was intended for Hud- felt by the Indians. He after speak-
son river. Captain Mason, complaining of the Maryland Patent about
ing to Secretary Cooke of this in 1632 ] Ii 34, says, "Now Kent Island with
says, "Sir Samuel Argoll, Knight, many households of English by Capt.
with many English planters were pre- C. Clayborne was seated." And John-
paring to go and sit down in a lot son in his history of Maryland says
of land on Monahata river at the page 15, "Clayborne had not only
same when the Dutch intruders which I possession of Kent Island but estab-
caused a demur iI) their proceedings I Jished a trading pOl;lt at Palmer's Is-
until King James and the said Samuel land at the mouth of the Susquehan-
Argoll and Captain Mason of ye na. This was several years before
Dutch in an act of 1621 had ques- 1637 when Clayborne was attainted
tioned the states of the low counties for high treason on the part of Lord
of this matter." (See Sec. Pa. Arch. Baltimore." And page 116 in Proud
Vol. 5, p. 27). And this year he says citing the Description of New Albion
Digitized by Coogle
it is stated in Clayborne's words, "I I land from the Yoacomacoes Indians
hold Kent Island, having lately but who were constantly annoyed by the
20 men in it and the mlll and fort Susquehannocks, who ravaged their
pulled down, and in war with all the country; and Clayborne then instigat-
Indians near It, is not worth keep- ed the Susquehannocks to make war
ing." This seems to be about 1625, on the settlers of the Island. But
and is the ftrst mention of wars with Clayborne was not successful as the
the Whites in which the Susquehan- owners of the island drove him away
nocks were interested. and he was arrested for treason. But
1629 and Later: Snsqnehannock's in 1642 he again captured the island,
Wars With Other Indians. Lyle 18. From this date (1630) until
The Jesuit Relations as we have 1647 the Susquehannas appear not to
before stated, are a set of histories be in any considerable war. There-
(72 volumes in all) containing the fore, we must now, to keep the
Narrations or relations of the Jesuit chronological order of these 'Annals'
fathers of what they found and saw I set forth several matters concerning
in early America. In Vol. 55, pp. these Indians which are not warlike.
203-5 they say that the Mohawks About 1633 the Susquehannocks
fought with the Andastas (their name seemed to have an undisputed super-
for the Susquehanna) a people in- iorlty over all other tribes. This
habiting the shores of Virginia and was through them having had ftre-
that the Andastas waged such ener- arms from Dutch-Swedes and
getic war against them during ten French at different times from 1608
years that they were overthrown the to 1635. Johnson in the History of
second time and their nation render- Maryland page 15, says "In 1634, the
ed almost extinct This was at the I Pilgrims found the Indians from whom
I
time when the Dutch took possession they purchased the land for their
of the regions and conceived a fond- town (on Kent Island) in great dread
ness for the beavers of the natives, of the Susquehannocks." In the same
some thirty years ago, and in order year Mombert, pp. 22, says the Sus-
to secure them in greater numbers quehannocks sold to Maryland all
they furnished these people with fire their lands up the Patuxent River,
arms with which it was easy to con- But the Colonial Records (4 C. R.
quer their conquerors and that is 704) would make the date 1654.
what has rendered them formidable We must not forget to note that
everywhere so that at the sound of from this date 1633 to 1644 the SUs-
their guns they ftee in terror." As quehannocks did wage small but con-
this narrative was written in 1659, tinual war with the Yaowacoes, the
'thirty years' ago would make the Piscataways and Patuxent Indians
date 1629. These are the same war- and were so troublesome toward the
like operations Lyle's history refers end of this period that Lord Calvert
to on page 18. dcclared them public enemies. See
During this time, too, Clayborne 'Indian History Lower Susquehanna'
was trading with the Susquehannocks a small volume issued by the Dauph-
as Mombert tells us page 22 and as in County Historical Society, page 40.
do other authors. This is the ftrst evidence of the Sus-
163O-Pt'tty Wars. quehannocks, turning against the
About this time a body of EngUsh- whites, for whom up to this date they
men called Pilgrims bought Kent Is- had shown marked friendship. About
Digitized by Coogle
a dozen years later they became very
great enemies of the whites.
Various accounts have been given
of the furnishing arms to the Susque-
hannocks as we have just said, but
Proud In Hlst. of Pa. (notes) p. 110
says, In 1623 the Dutch furnished the
Indians fire-arms and taught them to
use them so they might help the
Dutch to expel the English when they
began to settle around them, and
page 111, (notes) he says apparently
about year 1637, 'the Swedes hired
out three of their soldiers to the Sus-
quehannocks who taught them the
use of our arms and fights."
1811-DeVries Contact With the
Susquellannoeks.
DeVries in his history of his trav-
els In America, pubUshed In 1655,
tells of the doings of the Minquas
(Susquehannas) which he learned of
In his first voyage as follows: "The
11th of Feb. fully flfty Indians came
over the river from the fort (Nas-
sau, now New Cat:ltle, Delaware), up-
on the Ice with canoes directly to
our yacht so that they could step in
It from the shore and speak to us.
They were Minquas, who dwell
among the English. They came on a
warlike expedition and were 600
strong. They were friendly to us;
but It would not do to trust them
too far. I determined as the flood
tide began, that we .should haul into
the mouth of the kill (river) so that
they could not come upon us in fOl'ce
and master us." See Murphy's Trans-
lation of DeVries p. 41.
1633-DeVries Learns of Susqnehan-
nock Barbarities.
The same author, p. 43, says "Feb-
ruary 13th, three Indians came, who
were of the tribe pursued by the Sus-
quehannocks. They told us they
were fugitives; that the Minquas
(Susquehannocks) had killed some
of their people and they had escaped.
They had been plundered of all their
corn; their houses had been burnt
and they had escaped In great want
and had to flee and be content with
what they could find in the woods
and came to spy out In what way the
Minquas had gone away. They told
us also that the Minquas had killed
ninety men of the Loukiekens; that
they would come to us the next day
when the sun was In the southeast
as they were sqirering great hunger;
and that the Minquas had left and
gone from us, back to their own
country."
"DeVries in his voyages found the
Susquehannocks In 1633 at war with
the Armewamen and Sankiekans, Al-
gonquins and other tribes on the
Delaware maintaing their supremacy
by butchery but they were friendly to
the Dutch." Murphy's Translation of
DeVries Voyages on p. 413.
In 1887 the Susquehannoeks Conspire
with the RebelUous Inhabitants
of Kent Isle to Defy
the Power of
Maryland.
Vol. 3. page 64, of the Maryland
Archives sets forth, 'Feb. 12, 1637.
by the Governor and Council - The
Governor and Council taking Into
consideration the many piracies, mu-
tinies, insolencies and contempts of
this government by divers inhabitants
of Kent Isle, formerly committed and
warrants sent lately Into the Island
under the great seal of this province
for apprehension of malefactors, were
destroyed and the prisoners rescued
out of the officers' hands by force and
arms, and divers of them to protect
themselves In an unlawful rebellion,
did l)ractice and conspire with the
Susquehannock and other Indians
against the Inhabitants of this coun-
ty, we have thought flt that the Gov-
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES
ernor should sail In this province to Indian sale of the lands forming a
the said Island with sufficient soldiers great part of what is now Lancaster
and eslauYish %ZAtHtial ami for hiff county and tnuch lanuif besiufffL
assistance have undeL order ffaptafn In Vol. 3 of Maryland Archives, p.
or commander to wit that Capt. Thos. 66, we find, "The petition of Capt.
CornwffJrfos sfmfld with Um Wm. Yt}aybOf'nff in uehalf hlmiffflK
aDe, ass:e!, and Is cortt, and ills partners," addressed to the
manded." Kent Isle Is a few miles King.
rmm motftf of Susfnnhanne, Tfilf petitIon setrf furth, "'fhat
,tver. the turbnlent infFf,h1tantff a cotttmlssinn under your Majesty's
found the great Susquehannocks a signature he "Clayborne" did discover
nweriUl alluy, In douonce and plant Island in Bay
ilIorylmil, Chepopeake, aalled hflfmd,wfictf
1637-Tbe Susquebannocks Accused the petitioners bought of the Kings
of to of the COUatTf, wilf:5t'e thff Sam5t
OUhlP PeRlRlRos. and t:t'5tnSpILLLlted pr,nple It,
In Vol. 14 of Jesuit Relations, p. 9, etc.-and your petitioner desires a
tile following oocurLL' "On 20th way whifeh the llt'own mgy
we learned a new opInion concerning an atHfual fluLlefit ami they oller
the malady, smallpox, that a report Majesty 100 pounds per annum, viz.:
WLlS CUteent it lItd frottt 50 if 'I llflds Isle K,':nt, and
lle Amiartes filusquefannochs). This poumhf for pIli, taUont In
tribe it is said had been infected Susquehannocks' country, in consld-
therewith by Alt:tentsir:f, whom theo eratkip theo to haf'e theeu twelVO'
Il0ld lie mothvt of whp leagutfi of hmd, thif mouth
made the earth-that she had passed said river on each side thereof down
lhrough fell the f'abinr of two oallepr to the Bay sontheapt to stLLward
lind thoi at the recond tdey heir so tp lhe of pffid to
'Now after all why Is it thou great Lake of Canada, to be held In
to dIe,' and that "he fee from the Crown of Enpland tn
'hecaUifif my prandson Sounknha be yePi'lk to Majp:jty'S
angry at men, for they do nothing chequer, and he has at the Indians'
but make war and kill one another desire on Susquehanna purchased
nnd hfi ref ,flue:! the thr:fTf, and kopefi
Here we see something of the Sus- draw the trade of beavers and furs
quehannock supersitition, and the su- which the French now wholly have
l'BrstitlUon Of other Indian tribf':r, and ernjoy ig the gl"Bat lakeg of
These mighty mysterious Susquehan- ada, to England."
nocks were the frightful enemies of As the English league Is three stat-
,',Iher ff'nees, the very ffnmmoniff ute WB readilff flee wket' a
attributed evils, misfortunes and strip of Territory the enterprising
calamities to them, believing that Clayborne bought from the Susque-
tke Suequehannocks some occult hannnr:ks-ff,bout 4J miles nn
association with the devil and super- side tho busqtfOhanna find from
natural powers of many kinds. the source to the mouth. This in-
cludtd all Laneneter (fOunty
2&bi7-hbTIe of tke Wztr.fze SBonzzebaB, cept tke nOf'theast cornifT, besirtI':fI'
na River Valley to Clayborne. much other lands. It extended fully
I nuw set fOTth a n(fry Intotestiub to Chf'lr,tiana, Churebfown
Jigi!iz' gle
20 A N ~ A L S OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
Adamstown. It is historically Impor-
tant, too, to noUce that the fur trade
of the Susquehanna Valley was going
northward Instead of southward at
this time-north to the French. Yet
there Is much history to show that
the Susquehannocks were trading
with the Swedes, or beginning to do
so just about this time. Prior to this
too, they traded with the Dutch. As
the Swedes came only In 1637, that
trade with the Susquehannocks which
Campanlus talks about was just be-
ginning. But It would seem natural
that the Susquehannocks traded with
the Marylanders on the south more
than with the French on the north.
This was llkely one of Clayborne's
fabrications (to say the trade was
going all to the French) In order to
induce King Charles I to grant his
request. Clayborne was a great law-
breaker and government defier, as we
shall see later.
and the bay, as is specified in a writ-
Ing then made and truly interpreted
by this deponent verbatim to the
King of thtl Susquehannocks, and he
In turn signed, and in token and con-
firmation of said gift the King did
cut some trees on said land and did
cause his people to clear the ground
for said Clayborne to put corn in
that year, after which Clayborne did
build houses on Palmer's Island."
(More of this transaction and sale
of Susquehanna Valley wlll be dis-
cussed later).
161JS-Swedes Buy Laud to Susque-
hanna RITer from Iudlaus.
When the Swedes In 1638 settled
on the Delaware, they renewed
the friendly Intercouse begun by
the Dutch and purchased lands from
the rullng tribes. This we have al-
ready noticed citing from Campanius
and Acrellus. But Dr. Shea cites Ha-
1687-Clayborne Offers Witnesses to zard's Annals p. 48. Turning to Ha-
Make Ont His Case of Purehase. zard we find he says the Swedes pur-
In Vol. 5 of Maryland Archives, p. chased all the lands from Cape Hen-
231, Clayborne's evidence of his Ilopen to Trenton Falls and set up
title appears In the depOSition of I stakes and marks; that the original
Rob't Evelyn, whom we have hereto- deeds for these lands with the In-
fore seen, is quoted by Proud In Vol. dian marks were sent to Sweden and
1, as the author of a description of are preserved at Stockholm where
Pennsylvania written about 1646. they as well as a map were seen by
This deposition Is as follows: "This Israel Helm and copy made of the
deponent having long llved with a na- map and brought over In 1697. He
tion of Indians called the Susquehan- says the IndlanR previously had sold
these lands to the Dutch. (In the
nocks as an Interpreter for Capt. next Item we will show that the lands
Clayborne, doth rememebr that the extended to the Susquehanna).
people and King of the aforesaid na-
tion of Indians did often Invite said 16BS-Swedes Contract with Susque-
Clayborne to come to them, which hannocks.
Clayborne and his people did, and About this time the Swedes came in-
plant upon Palmer's Island. In April to contact with our Indians. We
1637, the King of the Susquehannocks have just shown how they-encouraged
did come with a great number of his them in use of guns, etc. In Acrellus'
Great Men and with all their con-, History of New Sweden, (which was
trives did give to Clayborne Palmer's the Swedish name of Pennsylvania)
Island, with a great deal more land we are told p. 33 that Menewe's colony
each side of the river Susquehanna I reached Delaware River in 1638 and
Digitized by Coogle
21
that land was bought from the In-
dians from the mouth to the falls of
the river Delaware and inland as
far as their lands extended and that
posts were driven into the ground to
mark the lines; and page 47 it is
said that this land 'bought in Mene-
we's time' extended westward to the
great falls in the river Susquehanna
near the mouth of the Conewago
Creek and that it was bought among
others from the Minquas or Minqua
Indians, whom the Jesuit Relations
Vol. 8 p. 301 tells us were called by
the Jesuits Andastas, by the Dutch
Minquas and by the English Susque-
hannas, or Conestogas. And page 48
in Acrelius it is stated that the land
bought in Menewe's Ume 1638 extend-
ed 93 mUes in the interior, on the
Conestoga and Susquehanna. This
therefore will give a fair idea of
when the Swedes met our Indians.
1688-Clayborne'B Claims to Susque-
hanna VaDey and Kent Island
Held Null and Void by
England.
Clayborne's power and grant is only
to trade under the signet of Scot-
land and it appearing this same con-
troversy was up before this Board in
1633 and Lord Baltimore left to en-
joy his patent rights, therefore it is
decided that the said Clayborne has
no title to the same and cannot be
redressed against the proceedings of
said Lord Baltimore.' Therefore his
purchase from t.he Susq uehannock
King and Great Man could not avail
him anything.
1638-A Susquehannoek Baptized.
The next item is of a far different
natur<!. Under the date of 1646, it is
set out In Vol. 30, p. 85, of the Jesuit
Relations, that "Eight years ago
(1638) we had here baptized an An-
daste (SusQuehannock), one of 'the
Huron language,who were in Virginia
where the English have their trade.
Aftet: that time this man having re-
turned to his own country it was
suppol!ed his faith was sUtted In the
midst of the impiety which prevails
there. This year we learned from a
In Vol. 3 of Maryland Archives, p. Huron who returned from that coun-
71, we find it recorded, "Before the I try that the faith of the man is as
Lords Commissioners of Plantations I strong as ever. that he makes public
atWhitehall,Eng.,"Whereas a petition confession and continues In his duty
was presented by Wlillam Clayborne Its much as if he lived among Chris-
on behalf of himself and his partners, tian people."
setting forth that he discovered cer- This speaks well for the tenacity
tain islands on Kent and Palmer and
bought certain lands from the Sus- of the Susquehannock to the religious
principles when they are taught to
quehannock Indians, and the petition him. Little items lIke these give us
alleging great charges and expenses, an insi ht into the other side of the
and they likewise having settled the g
th I d f id th character of these savage people of
o er an s, a oresa ,upon e our great River 270 years ago.
mouth of a River, at the bottom head 1"""'1 dl P th fr S
uoo- n an a s om usque-
of the Bay in the Susquehannough hanna to Delaware.
country and that said Lord Baltimore
agents sought to dispossess them and I put this item under the date of
him and did great injury to hls,Clay- 1638 because the subject of it likely
borne's trade-and all parties attend- became a fact during the first years
ing this day with counsel and It ap- that the Swedes entered into Pennsy-
pearlng the same was partly in said ivania, which was about 1!l?8, In
Lord Baltimore's patent and that I Vol. 3 of Memoirs of Historical Society
Digitized by Google ...
part 2, page 131, found in the His-
torical Society Library, Phlladelphia,
under the head of "Indian Treaties
for Lands now the Site I)f Philadel-
phia," by Watson, of Watson's An-
nals, it is said that in 1638 a Une and
diagram were made of an Indian
treaty, and that the Une surveyed
"goes in a direct Une from Phlladel-
phia to a spot on the Susquehanna
about three miles above the mouth of
the Conestoga Creek, near a spot
marked 'Fort Demolished' The Une
crosses two Indian paths running
each northwest, the first at 15 mlles
from PhlIadelphia at 'Rocky Run,' the
other 38 mlles distant near a 'rivu-
let two miles beyond Doe Run."
I quote this because it is the earU-
est mention of the location of any
road or path in Penneyl vania; and
the path leads towards Susquehanna.
It also confirms the existence and the
location of the "Fort' on the Susque-
hanna, which is !lorr.ewhat mooted. I
shall have occasion to insert a part
of this article again nnder a later
date for another purpose. I cite it un-
der this date for the pnrr,ose of call-
Ing attention to the location of the
two Indian roads and likely of the
'Fort' at this date viz.: 1638. If
the fort and the paths were facts at
that date, then too certain facts of
Susquehannock trade and war are al-
so evidenced.
1888-)[ap of New Sweden at
This Time.
In the Maryland Bullding at the
Jamestown Exposition I saw a map
of "New Sweden 1638 to 1655." This
map shows the line marking the
northern line of the lands purchased
by the Swedes from the Susquehan-
nocks and other Indians In 1638,
which Une runs through the latitude
of the Phlladelphia, or as It is mark-
ed, through the mouth of the Schuyl-
klll; then the Une of the purchase of
1642 is also marked many mnes far-
ther north, but also running east and
west, about the latitude of Easton.
This gives additional Ught upon the
claims and pretensions of the Susque-
hannocks at this time. Both Unes
extend to and over the Susquehanna,
from the Delaware.
lU8-Susquehannock Customs
About; This Time.
I now jot down an item as to cer-
tain Susquehannock customs found by
the Swedes when they came among
them in 1638. Campanills tells us of
this in his history of New Sweden, p.
121, and while what he relates there
of itself does not prove that he is
speaking of the Susquehannocks dis-
tinguished from other Indians-other
parts of the text read with it show
It to be so. A Uttle portion of this
I have written before but I set it
down more fully now. He says,"They
make bread out of the maize or In-
dian corn which they prepare in a
manner peculiar to themselves; they
crush the grain between two stones
or on a large piece of wood; they
moisten It with water and make it in-
to small cakes which they wrap up
in corn leaves and bake them in the
ashes. They can fast for many days
when necessity compels them. When
the are traveUng or lying in wait for
their enemies they take with them a
kind of bread made of Indian corn
and tobacco juice which Is very good
to allay hunger and quench thirst
in case they have nothing else at
hand. When the Swedes first arrived
the Indians were in the habit of eat-
ing human fiesh and they generally
ate that of their enemies after boll-
ing it, which can easily be proved.
My father related to me that Indians
once invited a Swede to go with him
to their habitation in the woods;
when they arrived they treated him
to the best In the house and pressed
Digitized by Coogle
him to eat, which he did. Their en- and ammunition as aforesaid ap-
tertainment was sumx;tuous. There pointed.
was broiled and boiled and even hash- And upon any alarm every house-
ed meat; but it seems it did not holder having three or more in the
agree with his stomach. Afterwards house able to bear arms shall send
they left him know that he had eat- one man armed for every such three;
en of the flesh of an Indian of a I and two men for every five to such
neighboring tribe with whom they place as shall be appointed; and all
were at war. Their drink before the householders delaying to send the
Christians came was only fresh men aforesaid shall be fined, etc.
water; but now they are fond of Here we see in what terror those
strong liquors. Both men and women Susquehannocks were held. Vol. I,
smoke tobacco, which grows in great Maryland Archives pp. 77 and 78.
abundance in their country."
1889 - Susquehannocks Angered at
1688--Trouble With the Indians-
More Light Upon ClaJ.
borne's Proceed
Ings.
1638-9 Act to put Maryland In
state of defense against the Susque-
hannocks and other northern IndlaI).s.
(Act for Military discipline).
Be it enacted, etc., that every house-
keeper within this province shall
have ready continually upon all oc-
casions within his, her or their
houses for him or themselves and
for every person within his or their
house able to bear arms one service-
able fixed gunne, of bastard musket
bore--one pair bandaleers or Imott
bag, one pound of good powder-four
pounds of pistol or musket shott and
a suftl.cient quantity of match for
matchlocks and of fiint for firelocks
and before Christmas next shall also
find a sword and belt for every such
person aforesaid; that it shall be
for the Captain of St. Mary's of the
Isle of Kent once in every month to
demand of every dwelling house a
sight or view of said arms and ammu-
nition and to certify default to the
commander who shall amerce the
parties In such paine as the default
deserves not to exceed 30 pounds of
tobacco for one default; and the cap-
tain shall forthwith supply the part-
ies deficient with all necessary arms
Maryland.
Bozman in his history of Maryland
page 161, says "The Susquehannocks
who have been represented as the
boldest and most warlike of all the
Indians now engaged In hostilities
against our colonies. This warfare
with them was brought on our colon-
ists by their endeavors to stay the
incursions of the Susquehannocks
against the peaceful and friendly
tribes of Piscataway and Patuxent
and others with whom the Susque-
hannocks never ceased to wage unin-
terrupted war ever since the first
settlement of Maryland."
1 __ MarJland Sends Armed
Foree Against the Sus
quehannoeks.
It now became necessary for Mary-
land to. send the first armed force
against the Susquehannocks. This
effort is set forth in Bozman's Mary-
land, pp. 162 and 3 as follows: "By
the Lieutenant Governor and Council
May 28. 1639-Whereas It is necessary
forthwith to make an expedition, up-
on the Indians of the East shore, at
the publlc charge of the Province, it
is thought fit to send a shallop, and
to provide twenty corslets or suits
of light armor-a barrel of powder-
four roundlets of shot per man-a
barrel of oatmeal-three firkins of
Digitized by Coogle
butter-four cases of hot waters 'I Susqul'hanna by the Marylanders;
(whlskey)-and necessary provisions but the fire In the rear from the Iro-
to be made for the men and a pinnacle quois became so hot that the Susque-
be pressed to go to Kent victualled I hannocks concluded to form an al-
and manned and it be provided with llance with the whites."
four hogsheads of meal; and a pln- 1840-Anotber Witness for Clay.
nacle be sent against the Susquehan- borne'8 Title.
nocks, sumclently victualled and
manned, and thirty or more good
shott (marksmen) with gunn or pis-
tols, with necessary omcers be press-
ed out of the Province and that each
of the shott (marksmen) be allowed
at the rate of 100 pounds of tobacco
per 'month or another man In his
room at home to attend to his plan-
tation; and two sergeants double said
rate and that victuals and other nec-
essary accomodations for said soldiers
and all others which shall go as vol-
unteers be made and provided and
two pinnacles and a skiff be pressed
and fitted for transporting and land-
Ing of said companies and that good
laboring hands be pressed to supply
the place of planters, gone on the
expedition."
At the same time a law was passed
to put Maryland In a state of de-
fense, see laws of 1638, Chap. 2, Sec.
8, where the same may be found. Al-
so refer to first and second para-
graph above.
Evans In his history of Lancaster
County, page 11, says of this expe-
dition: "The Susquehannocks having
continued to give the Pilgrim settlers
of St. Mary's a great deal of trouble
the Council resolved to invade that
country in 1639, namely the east-
ern shore of the Bay. An expedition
was planned against them but was
abandoned upon receipt or Intelli-
gence that the Susquehannocks were
supplied with firearms. The Indians
of that tribe continued to harass the
settlers and we are not aware a suc-
cessful resistance was made against
them or their country along the
The records of this year give us
more light upon Clayborne's proceed-
ings in the Susquehanna Valley and
at the mouth of the river. In Vol. 5,
Maryland Archives, p. 188, something
is told us about the trial of Clay-
borne's title to these lands. A wit-
ness soon after Clayborne's departure
for England, persuaded the governor
of Maryland to go to Susquehanna,
and that there the said Evelyn did
lend or give out of the fort at the
Isle of Kent to the governor a small
piece of ordinance to go against the
Isiand of Palmer where Clayborne
had planted and the governor going
there did dlsplant the houses at Pal-
mer's Island and carry away all the
men, cattle and hogs Into Maryland
and that thereby by Clayborne has
lost 1000 pounds sterling." And In
the same book, p. 184, It Is set out
that "said Evelyn delivered to the
governor of Maryland two pieces of
Dutch cloth and other stuffe and
powder and beavers with which the
governor went up to the Susquehan-
nocks and bought corn therewith,
but would not deliver to Evelyn any
of the corn, the planters standing in
great need thereof." And also, page
234, under the same year (In same
book) we find a witness says, "In the
summer of 1637 this deponent, a ser-
vant of Clayborne, was appointed by
Clayborne with other men to plant
Palmer's Island In the territory of
the Susquehannocks, which Island
with other lands adjacent thereto the
Kings of the Susquehannocks had
granted to Clayborne, and that the
governor of Maryland sent men and
Digitized by Coogle
took it and the cattle, hogs and men."
The force of all this is, .that the
governor of Maryland, found it expe-
dient to try to disaffect the Susque-
hannock Indians from Clayborne be-
for trying to disposses him from the
Susquehanna RiV'er mouth and its is-
lands. They were friends of Clay-
borne, and the governor felt that the
infant province was not strong
enough to O'Verthrow the combina-
tion. So he even used some of Clay-
borne's goods to take to the Susque-
hannocks and buy then ott-he bought
corn from them which they were
used to sell to Clayborne's planters,
and in need of which they sorely
stood so that he might weaken them
by cutting off their source of prov-
Isions. This Palmer's island is a very
interesting point today, from its his-
torical associations--the seat of one
of the earliest English settlements
in this part of America, nearly as
early as Plymouth-and but little
over a score of years later than
Jamestown, and only about fifteen
miles from the southern boundary of
Lancaster county.
1640 And Later-The Susquehannoek
BIghts and Possessions at
ThIs .Tlme.
Creek." Evans also gives a more de-
finite description of the bounds of
the Susquehannocks' country than
others. He says, at same page "The
Susquehannocks had abandoned the
Western Shore of Maryland before
their conquest, and the English found
it mostly derelict; the Confederates
(Five Nations) confine their claim to
the northward of a line drawn from
Conewago Falls to the North Moun-
tain where it crosses Potomac and
thence by that chain of mountains to
the James River" This explains
why Smith found them pretty well
up the Susquehanna River and a va-
cant territory between them and the
Powhatan Indians. But they (Susque-
hannocks) did sally down into Mary-
land and give them much trouble so
that in May 1639 the Maryland gov-
ernment resolved to iuvade their
country (Johnson's History of Cecil
Co., p. 16). The Confederates (Five
NaUor.s) claimed aU the country
east of the Susquehanna north of a
line drawn from Trenton on the Dela-
ware to mouth of Conewago Creek on
Susquehanna they having whipped the
the Lenape and such of the Susque-
hannocks as were in that country
and driven them south of that line
- ~ v a n s ' Analysis, p. 12. That is why
We have seen on the authority of the Swedes never succeeded in buy-
Acrelius and Campanius that about lng lands farther north than that line,
1638 the Swedes brought the lands from these. Indians. The purchase did
stretching from Delaware River to not extend farther west than Sus que-
Susquehanna up to Conewago falls. hanna because that was derelict. In
Lewis Evans, who wrote in 1755 and later days of course the Five Nations
earlier in his "Analysis of General conquered all the Susquehanna land&
Map of the Middle British Colonies in and we shall .5ee thut Penn was com-
America" (printed by Franklin), also pelled to deal with these savages of
tells us about this purchase. Page the north, for this section of Pennsyl-
11 and 12 he says, "All from the sea vania, for lhat reason. Thus at thb
to the falls at Trenton they had con- period of which we are writing, about
veyed to Peter MeneYet, t;ommandant 1640, the Susquehanna country In-
under Christina, Queen of Sweden. dians had the Swedes to the east on
The boundary extended thence west- the lower Delaware, from New Castle
ward to the Great Falls of Susque- and Wilmington sites to the latitudes
hanna, near the mouth of Conewago I of Philadelphia, and between them
Digitized by Coogle
soms sszztterezd FJelawzzreif on the ihegzselvss wEth zz!'den thes gO to
south the Marylanders and Powhatan war." Acrellus, page 47, tells us al-
Indgns--:m the WBst open cmmtry!,o this trad!' witP thB SWBdes !'z!'ys
(neutral) and on the north the Five these Indians that they llve and ex-
Nations. 'r'heB (th!' SU!'fluezz:mnot'rs) tend mll!'2L from NZ5w 'rreed2Lo on the
at this time traded with both the an1 And
Endlish tfw so!'th aZHl tlizz SW!'des I.e Hlso 2LityS that the !'ouolines8 of
on the east. Clayborne had cheated the "road" by which they traded can
and Pefrzzuded th!',re mzf!'t shzzmz:l!'lly !'tm tze !'!'!'n tlzot?"e zzzhzO t!'zf'Vel he-
at the head of the Bay; and they tween New Castle anP Lancaster.
tUrT,ud thdr mzw mzighhors, the Thu!' thore iu no wisizzife this
Swedes, on the east, for trade quite Swedish trade was with our Susque-
glaclTy, !'ud re!'re great fri!'nds with hangg ifL!'er Endinns.
them. Some of the commodities playing a
part lin the t!'ade CamlfttniuB" fo!'pets
TBEzde With SUtdue. to mention. TIn a nute pege 48, ifoI.
haDDocks at This TIme. I, pf Proud's History, quoting from
CampanluR glves us tlze clearest ac- lTmltlT's glsto!'p, gho glw,!' n.fOs.
count of the trade between the Sus- Budd as his authority, a speech of
quelTannocks and the dreed!'z!' at this one of IncHan kinp8 Is given as
time In his description of New follows, "The strong liquor was first
Sweden, page 15d, hB sayr, "Th"ese !'01< to br thr Duteh: !'zod fhey
Indians live a distance of 93 Eng- are blind; they had DO eyes; they did
lisIz mil!'zz fmm TBW hwedBn nh"ere oot !'ee that wa!' for uur hurt. The
they dally come to trade with us. The next people that came among us were
wad to tRfeir land!' is ve!'y Imd, helng the hwedBs, nho eanUmzed the !'ale
stony, full of sharp gray stones with of these strong liquors to us; they
h1Hz! anz1 moz'e!'se!' eO Swedes were al!'D blEnd; tdey had gO edes,
when they weot to them, which hap- they did not see it to be hurtful to
pened omze twIee yeBl' hed to giVe us tltiod although wr know it
walk in the water up to their arm- to be hurtful to us to drink it; but if
pitz!' Thiihe!' the'" W8m with ekzth, people wftl s!'l1 It ue we e!'e In
kettles, axes, hatchets, knives and love with it that we cannot forbear
mirml's and toral belKdt WRfich they Lt. When we drinh it, It reakezz us
sold to them for beaver and other mad; we do not know what we do; we
valuzzble zzkintz azAd a12"0 black then abn!'e une fmothtl'; thww
foxes and fisher's slrlns, Wilich is a each ether into the fire. Seven senre
kind of zzkln that looks like sable, but of our ptoplB hau!', been k1l1ed by rea-
WHn longer aozl: siluery hair, like son of ihe dr12zking," This a
SOZTZfZ of the best sables, with beaver, tad f,ommentary on the beginning of
vel!'zzt-black ,,!quirt"r'l shins, fiZC. '.nlese AmBllcan cif'ilizatIon, nnd sl1ume
precious furs are the principal ar- that the first pitiable protest should
tldezz whIch Cliey have for zzale. They COf'z2t from the Bavadns. zhcrBlus'
live on a high mountain, very steep, mention of the road is the earliest
ao," didieult to eUmIl; THIt they notie" oK a 'road' Pzmns"lvanig of
have a fort or square building sur- which I have any knowledge. It likely
ro FTzded mith paJi!'edes whIch they lay through the northrrnDelaware
reside in, as shown on page 123. swamps and then up along the east
ThBte thfY have puns and tznaiT iron sidB of the
cannon which they shoot and That this boom
began about this time is shown also
in Vol. 5, Sec. 2, Pa. Arch., p. 78,
where it is said, "The population did
not experience any special impulse
until the year 1639 when the fur
trade with the Indians whIch had pre-
viously been reserved to the company
was thrown free to everybody; at
which time the colonists spread them-
selves far and wide," also "they sep-
arated themselves from one another
and settled far into the interior of
the country the better to trade with
the Indians." Do. p. 78. The Com-
pany here referred to was Dutch.
1M2-The Susqaebannocks' Numerl.
ea. Strength-Their Progress
In the Arts of War.
Susquehannoe)[s Deelared Publle
Enemies.
1642. "These are to declare and
publish that the Susquehanllocks,
Wicomeses and Nantocokes Indians
are enemies of this province and as
such are to be treated and proceeded
against by all persons-Given at St.
Mary's Sept., 13, 1642." Vol. 3 Md.
Arch. p. 116.
Accordingly the same year Mary-
land made up another expedition to
go against the Susquehannocks. This
is detailed as follows: "It shall be
lawful for the Lieutenant General or
Captain by him to make an expedition
against the Susquehannocks or other
Indians having committeed the late
outrages against English, at such
Scharf in his history of Maryland time and manner as he thinks fit and
p. 140 gives the incident of Susque- to take out of every county or hun-
hanna cruelty, which he fixes as hap-I dred within the province the third
pening in 1642. He says, "A certain I man able to bear arms, such as he
man, a Christian, while he was mak- thinks fit and to go on the exepdi-
ing his way with others through the tion, and every of which men shall be
woods, fell behind his companions a at the charge of the county, furnish-
little when the savages of the tribe ed and provided with one fixed gunne,
of Susquehannocks atacked him sud- 2 Ibs. powder, 8 Ibs. pistol or bullet
denly from an ambuscade, and with shott, 1 sword and 2 monthA provi-
a strong and light spear of locust sions of victuals and shall be trans-
wood from which they make their ported to and from the expedition
bows, with an iron point oblong at with vessels and all necessarys at
the sides pierced him through the like charge. And the expenses of the
right side to the left at a hand's same shall be raised by a levy on the
breath below the arm pit near the province for the charge of the men,
heart itself with a wound of two fin- vessels, ammunition and provisions
gers broad at each side. From the ef- and all perquisites arising from the
fects of this when the man had fallen levy shall be for the benefit of the
his enemies fied with the utmost pre- province." Vol. 1, Maryland Archives
cipitation; but his friends who had p. 196.
gone before recalled by the sudden 1M2-Extent of Swedish Land Pur.
noise and shout returned and carried
the man from the land to the boat ebased from the SusQuebannocks.
which was not far distant and thence
to his home in Piscataway and left
him speechless out of his sense." This
is the verbatim description of this
cruelty which Scharf gives, he himself
quoting from Father White, a Jesuit
who knows of it personally.
The Swedes in a representation
dated 1642 page 767 Vol. 5 of 2nd
series Penna. Arch. set forth "This
district may be in length about 30
German miles (whIch is over 100
English miles) but as to the width
in the interior of the country it has
Digitized by Coogle
28
ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS A.."1D
been stipulated and decreed In the
contracts that the subjects of her ma-
jesty may take as much as they
wish;" and on page 781 that all sub-
jects of Sweden sball have "Liberty
of Trading upon the river of the
South (Delaware) and the Interior cf
the country as weIl with the savages
as with the Christians, without any
condition, etc."
Thus It Is plain from the above
that the Swedes had by far the lion's
share of the trade with the Mlnquas
or Susquehanna country Indians and
as well with the various other tribes
on the Delaware. I have thought
this necessary to give a true history
of the relations of these Mlnquas with
the Europeans on the Delaware, lest
it might be Inferreq that because of
their distance Inland they did not
come nto constant contact with the
civilization on Delaware, which of
of course they did constantly. It
will be noticed that as above describ-
ed the Mlnqua Creek was so named
not because the Minquas lived on It,
but beyond It, as stated It extends up
towards their lands. Along the Mln-
qua was their chief highway to go
to the Delaware. They lived about
they came among them over 100 years
before to trade. 4 Col. Rec. 704.
IM2-Seeond Expedition Against the
Susquehannocks-Proclamatlon
by the Lieutenant GeneraL
"Whereas the English were author-
ized to klll any Indians about Patux-
ent that should be met on etiher
land or water, and certain expeditions
were therein mentioned, I. now by
reason of some accidents since hap-
pening, wholly repeal and reverse the
proclamation and prohibit upon pain
of death that no English in the coun-
ty of St. Mary's or any other part
of the province do k1l1 or shoot any
Indians, other than such as shall be
known to the Susquehannocks or
Wicomeses, unlesa 1I.rst assaulted or
put In bodily fear of life by the In-
dians. I also revoke the proclamation
making Naulacogues enemies and de-
clare a treaty of peace with them."
This is found In Vol. 3, Maryland
Archives p. 129, and It amply 1I1l1s-
trates the feeling In Maryland at this
time against the Susquehannocks.
1M2-Some Projected Expedition
Against tbe Snsquebau.
nocks Abandoned.
the Susquehanna 20 miles or more In Vol. 3, Maryland Archives, p.
from the head waters of the little I 130, this further proclamation by the
Mlnqua-or as Acrelius puts It 93 Lieutenant General Is set forth:
miles from the Delaware. It Is plain "Whereas by a proclamation dated
also that besides this route to the January 31, on certain hopes then
Delaware these Susquehannas some presumed upon of means to go on a
time went by way of Schuylkill, 10 march upon the Susquehannocks, I
to 20 miles from the mouth of the I did declare to the province there
same they had a trading station with I would be an expedition set forth at
the Swedes. It is also plain that they his lordship's charge, which means
were beaver trappers along the being not yet found to answer my
Schuylkill and the other streams of hopes, I think fit to advise further of
that locality. The amount of com- the said expedition and therefore do
plalning of the Dutch too shows the annul the said proclamation and ob-
trade was very profitable. Accord- ligations undertaken and all powers
Ing to the speech of Cannassetego In I concerning the expedition, this 8th
Lancaster Court House, June 25th, \ day of April."
1744, the Indians of whom he spoke, We see by this item that while the
cordially welcomed the Dutch when government of the province of Mary-
Digitized by Coogle
29
land were determilled to wrl' on the
:,usquehYlnnocks, peop::> dener-
rlly did relish all tillY: i:ea of
measuring arms with them.
2htt2-Serl<>u&: CbalYlll: AgairtkEYt Lieu.
tenant ;f;lrneral for tthng
up tbe Expedition Altaillst
tbe Susquebaunocks.
In VoL Marolrn:: Ar&:llVos, p.
under date of ttdober we
have the following information against
Giles Brent: "John Lewger, attorney
Lorll Haltimm'o, infonnr the
ll<mrt agalm:t Giles Hnmt thot hav-
Ellg moved and propounded a.n epter-
prise upon the Susquehannocks, the
said Lieutenant General togethr:r with
Mr, Bl"ent, did IT'solve con-
lrlEsde UImH the mrrrer all::; means
of it and that Brent should
a commission and raise men at
all necl's:frdes fUl" l::
that should dome
county's charge, all of which Brent
seems to think approve and accord-
lnzcly undertook movind nf the
mEsn Upnll Vent leadlnd them
out upon the service and he knew
well what charge it would be
sx:d how E:klport:lllu the hnurn' and
nnKety thtl llY"nelnce con-
cerned in the managing and suc-
cess of it and what a notable oppor-
tunity Wnu presenLud to the di:ll1dvan-
of enem disabllnn him
ever agni71, not to hoped
for at any other time, he, Brent, on
arriving at Kent, under authority of
<,ommilllllun grantr:li to l\IT Brenth-
W:lit for r:olT:mand that and
taking disgust thereat or for disaffec-
tion did not use or execute the mis-
l:inn, but (Rrvising huw to the
uummisslllll and llr:Tlign int:ffEsctual
with impunity and to give people oc-
casion for refusing and disobeying
did it to con;:;hdEstation
lllgether wntu wilIinll to be
pressed or not and used words
not urged
uTilities
und were ready, re-
imprt::f:jlon and eupres-
unwmlngness he admit-
and of his own head dis-
rise and to thEs A;l"zmnd,
the ill eeample great damage
and danger of all and It Is prayed he
may be compelled to answer for It."
Dlvestr:G all legal arriliage
whicll thIs complrint is PP:lched
it means that Giles Brent, who was
sent on the expedition against the
huequehr :kmeks, he l'ul',ched
eIl:2(:uraged lleople
to oppose It instead of trying to get
them to join his forces and enlist, so
it the prnince mUllb money
faiIun;;, The penIlle it
seems were afraid of the Susquehan-
nock and would not hazard a fight
with theT(:
ih'22-FaEITim:s Of the Ell?llldition
Against tbe Susquellannocks-
Witnesses Against Brent
lind Hill Jh z:tlon.
in VoL hId. Arclr p. 138, find
the following: "Wm. Sudd says that
in March he was appointed by Mr.
ulton to in hir pnnacle skip-
and tmder to Susg lpIlPnnas
and by him appointed to have men at
the lead of Kent for a voyage, and
he Mr. ITirnt to
it, anll that at com-
ing to Vent with the knowledge and
consent of Brent he hired John Petti-
man to po nnon th:': enyage nnd hired
for poundll of tuz:aa,ro a
month, ami accordIngly PetUman was
out on the voyage two months and by
that means and that by his means
pinnalYi.:' and Fresenee of the
nen, th,,:p Tere from dl druc-
Susquehannocks, which
Digiti Go e
deBtruction Brent would have al- CornwaleYB under puniBhment. AprU
lowed." 17, 1643, per GUeB Brent, Lieut. Gen."
Against the Sosqoehannoeks. I841-Expedltlon Against the 888qoe-
On Nov. :\5, GlleB Brent made an- hannocks-Powen Ghen
Bwer to the Information agalnBt him to Captain Cornwaleys.
that It waB not Bumcient In law and In thlB year the following
alBo that he iB not guilty of the powerB were granted by Maryland to
charge laid agalnBt him therein; I CornwaleYB-Vol. 3, Maryland Arch-
and the Bame time the Attorney Gen- iveB, p. 133.-"Charles CeceUuB Rex,
eral flleB a criminal bill againBt him greeting, to ThomaB CornwaleYB, EBq.
shirking hiB duty in not going upon Whereas we are informed of your
the SUBquehannockB and deBtroying propoBition and propenBeneBB to go
them according to the command In on a march upon the SUBquehannocks
hiB commiBBion. See Vol. 4, Md. Arch. and that Beveral to a conBiderable
151. In the end nothing came of the number are willing and deBlroUB to
Buit In court and council; and the be led out by you, on Buch a march,
net reBult of it all waB the unexplain- upon certain conditionB treated and
ed fahure to take the SUBquehan- agreed between you and them, we ap-
nockB. prove very well of B\lch your and
1848-A Third Expedition Planned their forwardneBB for the vindica-
Against the Susqnehannocks. tion of the honor of God and the
Another expedition planned againBt ChriBtianB, and the EngllBh name, up-
SUBquehannockB, Capt CornwaleYB to on thoBe barbarianB and inhuman pa-
lead. In Vol. 3 Md. Arch. 131, we ganB-<io hereby authorize you to
flnd the following commiBBion; "Re- levy Buch men aB shall be willing to
lying on your experience in martial go, upon said march and to lead and
affairB I appoint and authorize you conduct them against the Susquehan-
to make an expldition againBt the nockB or other Indian enemIes of thiB
or other IndlanB who province in such time and manner as
committed the outrages and took you think flt and to do all things
the three men, and you are au- for the training of the soldiers, fur-
thorized to take every third man flt nishing of Bustenance and other BUp-
to bear arms in the province and re- pIles, and to demand obedience and
quire the counties to furnish them order the affairs, and provide omcers
and to have them ready at such ren- as against martial enemies and dls-
dezouB aB you Bhall appoint and every posing of the Bpoyle and all oth.er
such volunteer to command with cap- things and matterB whatBoever to the
tainB and with them a warre to make Baid tlxpedition appurtaining in the
upon the IndianB aforeBaid (SuBque- manner and power as the captain
hannockB) in Buch manner and with general of any army can or may do
such power and authority whatso- in the time of warre."
ever for the doing, commanding, ap- Thus here we have another evi-
point of anything toward the expedi- dence of the continued trouble which
tion or for vanquiBhing or spolllng I the SUBquehannockB were inflicting
the enemy or anything touching the. on the MarylanderB. All thiB we have
said warre to have use and exerciBe seen originated, because the whiteB
the same in as ample a manner and of Maryland took sides with a few
effect aB may be vested in a captain
general in time of warre, and we re- small tribes of Indians who were
quire all soldiers to obey you, ThomaB hereditary enemies of the Susquehan-
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES . 31
nocks. Whether this expedition wal!
taken or not history dos not Inform
us. If It was there was evidently not
any great punishment Inflicted upon
the Susquehannocks; and It Is likely
that the project was affected In a
manner similar to the expedition of
1639, as Mr. Samuel Evans tells us
In his History of Lancaster County ,
that Is, that the Marylanders were
faint of heart In the project. At any
rate the following year an opportun-
Ity for concluding a possible peace
presenting Itself, the Marylanders
very gladly tried to avail themselves
of it. We shall now speak of It.
1844-l.:lIort to ][ake Peace with the
Susquehannocks.
In Maryland, as they have most sav-
agely attempted in Virginia (this
must refer to the massacre planned
and partly executed by Opechanca-
nough In 1639. See Bozman, p. 275);
and because It concerns the honor and
safety of the colony to have some
English there to be present at the
treaty and other proceedings, to direct
and overrule It If need be, to counsel
and strengthen our friendship, and
friends that yet remain and terrify
the others and to proceed with the
Susquehannock agents either In hos-
tilly or peace as there shall be most
cause and reason for-I relying upon
your skill In the language, and long
conversation and "xperience In Indian
affairs and your prudt:nt and provl-
Bozman, p. 275, Introduces this sub- dent circumspection otherwise, have
ject as follows: "Some proceedings made choice of you and do hereby
now took place relative to a treaty will and require you to take with you
expected to be held with the Susque- a convenient strength of English well
bannocks at the English fort or gar- armed anti provided to the number of
rison at Piscataway. It seems they twenty at least and with them repair
were begun in the absence of the to Piscataway and there proceed with
governor. Tbe Susquehannocka I the Indians, both friends and enemies,
were expected at Piscataway eltber to such Instructions as shall be de-
with serious Intentions to enter Into livered to you by my secretary bear-
a cessation of bostilitles, or sinister Ing date berewith, and to lead, order
designs to Inveigle the friendly Plsca- and command In chief all the said
taways, and a commission was grant- company as shali go with you, yea
ed to Henry Fleete." This action, in even to the infticting of death upon
the absence of the governor, we shall mutinous persons, as a captain gen-
see, aftrwards led to disputes In eral may do by martial law. St.
Maryland and the revocation of pow- Mary's, June 18, 1644, per Giles Brent
ers gra.nted, etc. Esq." Sec. 3, Maryland Archives, p.
This commission to Fleete was as 148, and Bozman, p. 275.
follows: "CeceUus, etc., to Captain At the same time the following in-
Henry Fleete, greeting.-Whereas by structions were given by John Lew-
certain intelligence from the Pisca- ger, Brent's secretary to Fleete: "You
taways I understand that there was. are to go with your company to Pisca-
some number of our enemies, the taway and there confer and consider
Susquehannock Indians, expected by the best means yau may, what
about this time at Piscataway under hope there Is of a real and firm
color to treat and conclude a peace peace or truce with the Susquehan-
with them and us, but perhaps to nocks, whether it will be more to
confederate and unite ali the Indians '\ the honor and safety of the English
of these parts in some general league to have a warre or a truce with them
or plot for cutting off the English at present.
Digitized by Coogle
32
ANNALS OF THE SUBQUEHANNOCKS AND
2. If you find the best reasons to
persuade them to peace you may en-
ter Into a treaty of peace with them
and undertake to them in our names
a truce or cessation of all acts of
hostillty on our part until such time
as you shall agree upon, for expecta-
tion of performance of conditions on
their part, and of the governor's as-
sent to peace, and give hostages or
exchanges as you shall be wllUng.
John Lewger, Secretary." This may
be found In Vol. 3, Maryland Arch-
Ives, p. 149, and Bozman, p. 277.
chiefs, who came to treat with the
medals in their hands.
1844-Hobert Eyel,D'S EstlJDAtes of
of the SusquehaDDoeks at
This Time.
During four years, (about 1642 to
1646) Robert Evelyn lived among the
Swedes and Dutch about Delaware,
and with the EngUsh in Maryland
and Virginia. About the latter year
he wrote a letter, supposed to be to
the Queen of Sweden, describing the
Susquhannocks at this time and their
country and ways. The letter Is In-
corporated Into the "Description of
New Albion" written about 1646,which
we have referred to before. In this
letter he says "On the Delaware I
have resided several years. I do ac-
count all the Indians to be about 800,
and are in several factions and war
against the Susquehannocks, and are
all extreme fearful of a gun and are
naked and unarmed against our shot,
swords and pikes, and since my re-
turn 18 Swedes are settled there and
46 Dutchmen In a boat trade without
At the same time passports to the
Susquehannocks were given, to In-
duce them freely to come and treat
as follows: "Cecellus, etc., greetlng-
To all the inhabitants of the province
known that I have promised and un-
dertaken to the Indian bearer or
bearers hereof of the Susquehannock
Nation not excedlng three, to repair
In a good manner from the Susque-
hannocks' forte and to my lieutenant
general or some of my council at
!'Cent or St. Mary's upon any pubUc
treaty message, safe and free passage
to and fro through my province with-
out any harm or molestation of any fear of them. From the Indians you
of the En gUsh, and therefore I re- may have two thousand bushels of
quire all of everyone of you upon corn at 12 pence a bushel. This let-
sight hereof not to do anything to ter may be seen In first Vol. Proud.
the violating of the public faith given p. 112. The description of New Albion,
unto them, upon the utmost peril of found in same place In Proud, then
such punishment as by martial law goes on and supplements what Eve-
may be inflicted upon the contemners lyn said. The author says besides
or violators hereof. Given St. Mary's the 800 Indians mentiqned by Evelyn
June 18, 1644." (See the same in Vol. there are 23 Kings in that section.
3, Maryland Archives, p. 150, and Then it says, "The Susquehannas are
Bozman, p. 279.) not now of the naturals left above
'The token which was given these one hundred and ten, though with
Susquehannock Indians, as safe con- their forced auxiliaries the Ihon-a-
duct, was a medal of copper, with a Does and the Wycome'ses they can
black and yellow ribbon attached. make two hundred and fifty. These
And we shall see later that the Mary- together are counted valiant and ter-
land troops, in a dastardly way, rible to other cowardly dull Indians,
thirty years later, broke the faith I which they beat with the fight of
signified by the medals, and shot guns only. Thesu last named tribes
down five defenseless Susquehannock the Slisquehannas recently conquer-
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN
ed, which fact we have noted In prior predations of these Indians we have
articles. It seemH that the Susque- an early description of them by the
bannocks had their 'New Town' about Dutch deputies about this time. In Vol.
Conewaga on Susquehanna River 00- 5 2nd Series of the Penna. Archives
fore 1648 (which by some writers Is p. 130 It Is stated, "The natives are
said to have been bqilt later), for the generally well limbed, slender around
last named authority sayli, "The Sus- the waist and broad shouldered; all
quehannocks' new town Is also a having black hair and brown eyes,
rare, healthy and rich place, with It they are swift and nimble, dirty and
a crystal broad river; but some falls slovenly and make light of all sorts
below, hinder navigation." of hardships. The men have very
Evidently the strength of the Sus- little beard and pluck out what they
quehannocks varied exceedingly do have. As soldiers they are not
rapidly because Indian authorities honorable; but accomplish their
(notably the Committee on Archaeol- success by perfidy and treachery.
ogy of the Dauphin Historical Society They make little of death when It Is
In their pamphlet 'Ind. Hist. of Low- Inevitable, despise torture at the
er Susquehanna) say that about this generally singing until they
time or In 1647, the Susquehannocks are dead. They use duffels. deer-
had 1300 able bodied men. See last skin leather, skins of raccoons, wild
named work p. 40. Smallpox had cats, wolves, dogs, dshers, squirrels
made disastrous ravages upon them and beavers for garments Some have
about this time. That may exPlain shoes of corn husks and head gear
it. The above refernece to their wars of turkey feathers. Since Christians
recalls to our minds what says Cam- are among them some now wear bon-
panlus of them when going to and nets or caps. They wear wampum
In war, that they make bread made In ther ears and around their necks.
of Indian corn and tobacco juice, They have long deer's hair dyed red
which Is very good to allay hunger of which they make ringlets to en-
and quench thirst In case they have circle their heads. All of them can
nothing else at hand p. 122 and p. swim. Their marriages are without
137 he says "These Indians are of- ceremony, and men and women fre-
ten at war and they are {earless of quently trade spouses. They know
their enemies." little of God. They are In dread ofthe
I omitted to mention above that
devils, but their devils they say w1ll
Robert Evelyn mentions In his letter have nothing to do with the Dutch."
that, "I went to Chicocoen thE: north-
ern part of Virginia on the Potomac 1844 -Snsquehannoek Annex Their
and I found the heathen of Virginia I Lands to New York's Gol'ernmeDt.
were at war with the Susquehan- About this time also (1644) there
nocks and all the eastern bay IndianS. were important changes In the rela-
We found 14 canoes and 140 Susque- tions of the Susquehannocks to the
hannocks reduced by three Swedes In- lands of this Page 755 of
to a half moon with intent to en- the book last mentioned (Pa. Arch.)
compass the first sail boat before the there Is a report of Gov. Dongan, of
second could reach the former; and New York, dated 1684, and in It he
at the first volley of 10 shots and the says, "Those Indians about 40 years
loss of one Indian, they all ran ago did annex their land to this gov-
away." ernment and have ever since con-
Appropo of the mischief and de- stantly renewed the same. Endeavors
Digitized by Coogle
34
ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
have been used but to no purpose to
persuade our traders to go and live
on the Susquehanna River." This
annexation to New York however was
done by the Five Nations, and not
by the Susquehannocks, as the Five
Nations even at this time began to
claim authority over the Susquehan-
nocks. The true date was about 1648
goes on, "In regards to this Schuyl-
kill, these are lands purchased by the
Company (the Dutch). The company's
carpenter constructed a fort there.
This fort cannot In any manner ob-
tain control over the river; but It
has command over the whole creek,
while this creek Is the only remain-
Ing a.-enue for trade with the Min-
when this occurred; but as we shall quas, and without this trade the
see In next paper, the Five Nations river Is of llttle value. A llttle dls-
were very much mistaken In think- tance from this fort was a creek to
ing the Susquehannocks would sub- the farthest distant wood, which
mit to them. place is named Kinsesslng by the
1844-Rlulry Between the Swedes savages, which was before a certain
and the Dutch to Seeure the and invariable resort for trade with
Susquehanna and Sur. the Mlnquas, but which Is now op-
rounding Indian posed by the Swedes having there
Trade. built a strong house. Half a mile
So that we shall keep In mind that further In the woods Printz con-
when the Dutch and the Swedes structed a mill of a creek which runs
speak of the Minquas, they mean the into the sea and on this creek a strong
Susquehannas I again refer to Vol. building just by the path which leads
8 p. 301 of the Jesuit Relations where to the Minquas; so that no access to
it Is stated that the Andastes are the Menqueas is left open; and he too
"called Minquas by the Dutch and controls nearly all the trade of the
Susquehannas or Conestogas by the savages on the river, as the greatest
English." part of them go hunting In the neigh-
In tracing up this contest by the borhood which they are not able to
Swedes and the Dutch to get the best do without passing by his residence.
of the Susquehanna trade each from I therefore gave orders to go to the
the other, we must not forget that Schuylkill and walt there for the
the Swedes were more tactful than Minquas." In another remonstrance
the Dutch In the affair, and also were dated about 1649 the Dutch say, page
more friendly received by the In- 139 of the same book, "As relates to
dians. They were the favorites. the trade with 'the Indians on the
They were never hostile to the In- South River the English and Swedes
dians and they dealt more fairly with are making great efforts to secure It
them. as we shall show." This is the trade
The Dutch complained sorely that came down from the Susque-
against the Swedes. In a remons- hanna country, as Campanius des-
trance by Andreas Fudde, fol' the cribed It 93 miles from New Sweden
Dutch dated Nov. 1, 1645 p. 103 of on to Conestoga. The Dutch also
5 Vol. 5 of 2nd Series Pa. Arch., he complain that the Indians themselves
states, "Further up the river (Dela- are not fair with them for they say
ware) on the west shore on a creek they (the Dutch) bought lands from
called Minquas Creek, so named as them, and thus expect their favor. P.
it runs pretty near the Minquas land 235. And especially as to the Sus-
is a fort named Christiana ...... the I quehannock trading center on the
first fort built by the Swedes." He I Schuylkill where as already mention-
Digitized by Coogle
ed Fort Beversrede stands was pur-I peace with them as he saw fit. This
chased from the right owners and was done in the absence of the Gov-
principal Indians in 1633 by the ernor and the result was what now
Company's servant which conveyance follows: "Now whereas John Lewger,
the Indian chiefs in 1648 did renew. Esq., one of his Lordship's Councn
Notwithstanding the Swedes have of this Province, without orders or
erected a fort on these grounds and authority from the Proprietor or
built a house in front of the gate at Lieutenant General, pursuant to his
the Company's fortress for trading own head, to counterfeit and deliver
where our people are wholly shut out unto Henry Fleete a commission for
from the sight of the road to deprive a treaty of peace with the enemies
the Company (Dutch) of the beaver of the Proyince, the Susquehannocks
trade and they have ruined the and likewise for the making said
trade." On page 333 the Dutch fur- It'leete a captain or general to make
ther set forth their title to all the war against them or against other
province from the South (Delaware) Indians and to bear authority over
river' westward "into the west as far his company and the inhabitants of
and much farther than our line of this Province, and to do acts accord-
limits are yet extended and seated, ing to the tenor of the said commis-
having legally bought them from the sion, he has presumed to affix and
Indians the native proprietors," And count his Lordship's seal and his
as to the extent of t.he trade the Lieutenant General's hand, which acts
Dutch say pagp 235, "Thousands of being a high misdeameanor and of-
beavers can be bought' here and fense and as such requires serious
around the Schuylklll or Beaver's animadversion.-These are therefore
Rede which was brought down in to suspend the said John Lewger from
great abundance by the southern In-I the office or dignity of Council, from
dians called Minquas and the Black all other offices and dignities depend-
Indians so that this river has always Ing thereon, and I do further revoke
been held In great repute on account all other commissions at any time
of iUl fitness and great convenience granted unto him, said John Lewger,
for both trade and agriculture." As by me as Lieutenant General. Slgn-
to the Black Indians, Clarke in his ed Giles Brent." See Vol. 3, Maryland
Early Cayuga History page 36,' in a Archives, p. 151.
note says, "The Black Mil).quas were It is evident that the government
considered an otfshot of the Mo- of Maryland at this time thought
haWks." dealing with the Susquehannocks was
Governor DlsowDs
Certain Interference With the
SnsqnehanDoeks, Which
His Conncll Set
On }'oot.
too serious a matter for subordinates
to take upon themselves, without
I
consulting with ther superiors. Boz-
man in his history speaking of i.his
date, 1644, says the Susquehannocks
were now the most formidable In-
In a former item we saw that John dians the Marylanders bad to en-
Lewger, a member of Council and an counter, and they were in the habit
attorney for the Government, and al- of using firearms, hll.vlng secured
so secretary to the Lieutenant Gen- them from the Dutch and the Swedes
eral, gave certain instructions to Col- and the Governor made a proclama-
onel Fleet, how to proceed with the tion prohibltlng anyone from carry-
Susq'uehannocks, and make war or ing powder or selling guns or shot
Digitized by Coogle
without a license, which assistance think thy have a great battIe when
some of the colonists were in the ten or twelve are dead on the field."
habit of giving them. See Bozman, IM8-LoeatIoD aDd Trade of the SU8-
Vol. 2, p. 273.
Cruelty and
Customs-Progress In the Art
of War.
Campanius Holm In his History of
New Sweden (Pennsylvania) says p.
137: "In 1646 the Indians had taken
one of the Mlngoes (Susquehannocks)
In war and bound him to a tree; then
they made a large tire around him
and when he was as well as balf
roasted they let him loose, giving
him a fire brand in each hand and
taking one in each band themselves
then challenging him to fight; and
when at last he could no longer
stand and fell down one of them
sprang upon him and with his nails
cut the skin of his forehead open and
tore off his scalp, which they carried
with them as a trophy of war." This
was simply retaliation upon the
Susquehl1nnocks, because that was
the exact form of cruelty the Sus-
quehannocks practiced on their vic-
tims regularly. Campanius 111so says
at same page: "The Indians were of-
ten at war with the surrounding
tribes, especially the Mingoes ; but
they dare not engage with the Chris-
tians, since they have discovered
they are superior to them In the mil-
itary art; they were mlghtly afraid
of our guns; when they first heard a
report of a firearm they would not
quehaaDoeks When FOUDd by
the Swedes.
Campanius says, p. 157: "There
were found when the Swedes came to
this country, within 93 miles, ten or
twelve other tribes. Among these
were the Mlngoes or Mlnikus (Sus-
quehannocks), the principal tribe,
aad renowned for their warlike char-
acter. They live at a distance of
twelve Swedish miles from New Swe-
den (93 Engllsh miles), Where, they
daily came to trade with us. The
way to their land is very bad, being
stony and full of sharp gray stones."
What this trade consisted of we
have shown in a former item. He
also tells us the Indian fort of the
Susq uehanQocks . "had small cannon
placed upon It." He also says of
them: "They are vigorous, young
and old, are a tall people but not
frightful. When they are fighting
they do not attempt to fiy but all
stand like a wall as long as there is
one remaining. They force the other
Indians to be afraid of them and
make them pay tribute, so that they
dare. not stir, much lesl! go to wat
against them. But their numbers
are diminished by war and sickness."
In later items we will deal with the
Susquehannocks' relations with the
Five Nations, showing a most mar-
velous intercourse with the New York
remain while the firing continued. Confederacy.
They wear on their heads a red tur- 1848-Fort Built or ImproTed OD the
key feather as a sign they are going
to shed blood ; and on one of their
Susquehanna by the ChrlStJaD8.
arms they have a shield of bark or The forts on the Susquehanna are
skin of an elk. After they have car- a very interesting subject of bistori-
ried their wives and children to an cal There was an In-
island or place of safety they proceed dian fort (may be several of them)
on their way in a certain order, and on lower Susquehanna, w1ien in 1608
when they meet their enemy they at-I Captain John Smith wis near the
tack them with great outcries. They Pennsylvania line, because p. 120, of
Digitized by Coogle
Vol. I, of his History of Virginia, 1848-Approlleh of War BetweeD Iro.
which we have cited at another place, quol. aad HaroD.-8alquehaa.
he says, "They make near 600 men Heo Oller to Help the
and are paUsaded In their towns to Haronl.
defend them," In speaking of the Sus- The overture of the Susquehan-
quehannocks. But John Watson says nocks to the Hurons to help the Hu-
the earUest whites bunt a fort there rons In their struggle with the Iro-
quois, we have before touched on
too. In a paper on Indian lands In where we cited the Dauphin County
Vol. 3, Memoirs of the Historical Indian History Pamphlet as authority;
Society at Philadelphia, part 2, p. but as that Is not first hand Informa-
131, It will be observed that before tlon I prefer now to cite an original
Penn's day there had been a fort con- authority, viz.: Vol. 30, Jesuit Rela-
structed by some Christian people tlons, p. 253, where the Jesuits write
upon the shores of that(Susquehanna) In 1646 from Onondago and say: "Our
river." And to prove there was such fathers with the Hurons say that the
a fort he says In a large foUo In the savages of Andaste (Susquehan-
land oMce at Harrisburg, In book 14, nocks) whom we believe to be nelgh-
entitled "Old Surveys and Registry bors to Virginia and who had former-
of Land Warrants," there Is a dla- ly close alliance with the Hurt)ns In-
gram showing the 'walklng purchase' somuch that there are still found In
back to the Susquehanna, one line of the Huron country people from their
which goes to a point on the Susque- dialects,' have conveyed these
hanna, 3 miles above the mouth of I few words to the Hurons, viz:
the Conestoga, marked 'fort demol- 'We have learned that you have
ished.' This then he concluded was enemies, and you have only to say to
a fort built by the Chrlstlans. Clay-I us "Lift the axe" and we assure you
borne may have had a hand In It; but either they will make peace or we
we do not know. He was In that shall make war on them.' The Hu-
neighborhood In 1637 and later. The rons were very Joyful at these fine
Swedes were there trading In 1640 to offers and have sent an embassy to
1646; the Dutch were there also. In those people. The chief of the e m ~
1664 the Iroquois, who came down bassy was a worthy Christian, accom-
upon the Susquehannocks, found not panled by eight persons, four of
only Iron muskets In the hands of whom have embraced the faith of
the Susquehannocks, but Iron cannon Jesus Christ." We shall later cite
mounted on the fort. So whether the Vol. 33, Jesuit Relations, p. 129,
Chrlstlans originally built the fort showing that under date of 1647 all-
that Watson refers to, or whether other offer was made to help the
they simply improved a fort first Hurons by the Susquehannocks and
built by the Susquehannocks (as that the Hurons sent a representa-
found by Smith), we cannot tell, and tlve on to confer with the Susque-
we leave the matter in the pUght In hannocks. All this goes to show the
which Watson placed it-viz. that the position and strength of the Susque-
, hannocks at this time, who at this
Christians had something to do with time had 1300 warriors. This Is the
ft. I make the date 1646 because
that is about the time that the Chris-
tIans had some voice and directions
in the doings of the Susquehannocks
at that place.
greatest number of warriors they had
In all their known history. Never
afterwards dId they have so many
and never before. Captain Smith
sald In his time, 1608, they had 600.
Digitized by Coogle
38 ANNALS OF THE BUSQUEHANNOCKB AND
Thus about 1650 they were in the not the remedy for the wars and
greatest power. This is also evi- evils; but that their misfortunes must
denced by the manner in which the be arrested as soon as possible. Af-
government of Maryland regarded ter a number of councils, they de-
them at this date. puted ambassadors to the enemies of
1847-Susquehannoeks Attempt to our Hurons to beg them to lay down
Intervene In Iroquols-Huroa War. their arms to think of lasting peace
The description of the attempt to which would not hinder the trade of
intervene by the Susquehannocks, in all these countries with one another.
the Huron-Iroquois war In 1647 is The ambassadors went and had not
given in Vol. 33 p. 127 of the Jesuit returned by the 15th of August. The
Relations as follows: "The Andaste Andastes insisted on peace and de-
is a country beyond the neutral na- terminated to renew the war which
tion, distant from the Huron coun- they waged a few years ago with the
try, about 150 leagues (450 miles) in Agnieronnous (that is the Mohawks),
a straight line to the southeast, a who are brethren of the Iroquois, if
quarter south, from the Huron coun- they refused to enter into peace.
try, that is southeast a little toward When Charles Andasiondrout was at
the east, but the distance because of Andaste, he went to see the Euro-
the detours in the route is 200 leagues. peans, their allies who were at a dis-
They are very warlike, and in tance of three days' journey from
a single vlllage they count 1300 men that place. They received him with
capable of bearing arms. They speak kindness. Charles did not fail to
the Huron language, and have always tell them that he was a Christian and
been alUes of the Hurons. requested them to take him to their
"At the beginning of the year 1647 church, that he might perform his
two men of that nation came here, devotions, for he thought it was like
deputed by their captains, to tell our those in our French settlements.
Hurons that if they lost courage and They replied that they had no place
felt too weak to contend against our set apart for prayers, and the good
enemies, they should inform them Cbarles observed some acts of levity
(the two Andaste delegates) and send that were not very modest on the
an embassy to Andaste for that ob- part of some young men, towards
ject. The Hurons did not miss the two of their Savage women who had
O()portunity. Chari as Andasiondrout come from Andaste. The captain of
an excellent Christian of long stand- the settlement apologized for it and
ing, was deputed as the head of the said he was not obeyed by his people
embassy and he was accompanied by for purity of morals. We think the
four other Christians and four In- people of that European settlement
fields. They left here (Canada) on are mostly Dutch and English, who
the 13th of April and reached An- for some special reason have placed
daste only at the beginning of June. themselves under the protection of
The harrangue delivered by Charles on the King of Sweden, and have call-
his arrival was not long. He told of ed the country New Sweden. We
the wars and that the land was cov- had formerly thought it a part of
ered with blood and the cabins with Virginia." This account was written
corpses. The reply of the Andaste only a rew years after the events
was to deplore the calamaties, and happened. This accurate account
added that tears and regrets were J differs from the account given
Digitized by Coogle
by the Dauphin County pamphlet, in
that it puts the interview of the Sus-
quehannocks with the Hurons first,
whereas the Dauphin County pam-
phlet puts the embassy of the Sus-
quehannocks to the Iroquois first,
and with the Hurons, second. We
notice here, too, that the Susque-
haRnas had wars with the Mohawks
(Agnieronnous) some years before
this time, and we will speak of it
again. The settlement "three days
distant" from ADdaste (Susquehanna)
was the Swedish settlement on the
Delaware, near where Wilmington
and New Castle now stand.
The Five Nations (or Iroquois) and
the Susquehannocks by this time
both had won military glory; both
had gotten guns and had learned to
use them. The Susquehannocks from
1634 to 1644 reduced the Piscataways,
Patuxents and the Waocacoes tribes,
in a ten years' war and the Iroquois
had reduced the Hurons, as we have
seen before. The Susquehannocks
had finished their confiicts with the
smaller tribes, which not only Includ-
ed the reduction of the three tribes
just named but also the twelve small
tribes which Robert Evelyn says in
his letter (hereafter to be cited) lived
on the Delaware and were whipped
by the Susquhannocks. The Iroquois
had not destroyed the Hurons, but
simply weakened them. They were,
now, however, bent upon extermlpat-
ing them. The Susquehannocks de-
termined to stop hostiUties.
The Dauphin County pamphlet, b e ~
fore mentioned gives this account
of this effort on the part of the Sus-
quehannocks--see page 40. "When
the Hurons in Upper Canada in 1647
began to sink under the fearful blows
dealt them by the Five Nations, the
Susquehannocks sent an embassy to
Onondago (the headquarters of the
Five Nations) to urge the cantons to
peace. The Iroquois refused. The
Susquehannocks then sent an em-
bassy to the Hurons, to offer them
aid against the common enemy. Nor
was this offer of little value. The
Susquehannocks could put in the
field 1300 warriors trained to the use
of fire-arms and European methods
of warfare, having been instructed by
three Swedish soldiers; but the Hu-
rons sank into apathy and took no
active steps. to secure the aid of the
friendly Susquehannocks."
This interesting offer to Interpose
is graphically told in the Jesuit Re-
lations by narrators who got the in-
formation first hand from those in-
terested In the affair. In this work
as we have often said the Susque-
hannocks are called the Andaste.
The Jesuit Fathers in Vol. 8, p. 301
call them (Susquehannocks) "allies
of our Hurons and who talk like
them," and in Clark's Early Cayuga
History, found in a note p. 36 of the
same volume (1. e. 8) he says, "An-
daste is a term used generally by the
French and applied to several dis-
tinct Indian Tribes located south of
the Five Nations in the present ter-
ritory and Pennsylvania. One of the
most southerly tribes was located at
the great falls between Columbia and
Harrisburg in the vicinity of the lat-:
ter place occupying five towns and
by Smith were called the Susquehan-
nocks."
IM7-Cost of Watching the Snsqae-
hannoeks.
In -Vb!. 4, Maryland Archives, p.
231,:it Is stated under this date that
the . following charge was preferred
before the Assembly and allowed: "To
Walter Watertson for bringing intelli-
gence touching the Susquehannocks,
eighty pounds." From this it is evi-
dent that the Maryland government
was compelled to keep scouts and
runners employed to give the whites
news at all times concerning the
Digitized by Coogle
movementa and supposed plans of the
SusquehannockL This Is In Une with
what we have noticed In former
Itema-namely, that the govermnent
of Maryland compelled all the inha-
bitants to be ready with powder and
shot and firearms at all times, either
to defend against the Suaquehannocks
or to march against them. The pow-
er and prominent place of this tribe
among the savage nations of America
at this time are well estabUshed.
IDiuenee OD
the ODondagoe8.
Under this date In Vol. 33, Jesuit
Relations, p. 123, It Is stated; "The
Andaste tribes (Suaquebannocks) ai-
Ued to the Hurons contribute In a
great measure, It Is said, toward the
matter of peace, either because the
Onondagoss fear to have them as
enemies or because they desire their
alliance." This Is to be sure only a
brief note; but It Is a statement writ-
ten at the time the situation existed
and Is worth more than a page of
historical speculation written from
Inferences formed a hundred years
later. It Is In short another asser-
tion of the pre-eminence of the
mighty Susquehannocks. It wlll be
noticed nothing like this Is ever said
. of the other tribes of Maryland or
of the Delaware, nor of the tribes
of Powhatan.
184S-1l0re Partlcular8 of the Huon
Emba8sy to SU8quebanaa.
In Vol. 33, p. 73, of the Jesuit Re-
lations under date of 1648, there is
the following statement concerning
the Huron embassy to the Susque-
hanna the year prior: "Our Hurons
have sent an embassy to Andaste
(Susquehanna), people of New Sweden
their former allies, to solicit them to
enter Into a full peace with them or
resume the war they waged but a
few years ago against the Annlerou-
nons (Mohawk-Iroquois.) Consider-
able assistance Is expected from
this as well as a great relief for the
country. The Annlerounons - Iro-
quois are near Quebec." To those
not acquainted with Indian history of
these times, It may be explained that
this statement means, the Hurons
sent an agent to the Susquebannocks
to ask them to help them, or to re-
new their (the Suaquehannocks')
war with the Mohawks, called the
Annlerounons. This Susquehannock-
Mohawk war we remember raged
about 1607 to 1620 at least, and so
demoralized were the Mohawks and
their allies by the onslaughta of the
Susquehannocks that the very name
of Andaste made them tremble; and
this fear continued up to 1640 at
least. So says the Jesuit Relations,
Vol. 45, pp. 203 and 205. In a prior
Item we have discussed the fear
which the Susquehannocks threw
over the Mohawks during and after
the Mohawk war. The journey and
speech of the agent the Hurons sent
to the Susquehannocks we have fully
set forth also earlier. As to the lo-
cation of this wonderful Andaste, p ..
135, of Vol. 33, Jesuit Relations, says
Andaste Is seven dsys' journey from
the Iroquois .
1800 and Onward-IroquoI8' Retalia-
tion Upon the SU8quehanna8--0pen-
log of the Conftlct-)llnor )love-
ment8 and Doings of the SU8que-
hannu-}'irst Campalgn8 of the
Iroquol8-Sa8qufihanaa War.
We are now briefly to notice a
various series of events, Simply for
the sake of the chronolgy (chronolo-
gical arrangement being the only
rule or system of these annals).
The Dauphin County Committee on
Archaeology In their pamphlet before
cited, p. 40, says that "Four years
later (1651) the Iroquois, grown In-
solent by their successes In almost
Digitized by Coogle
annihilating their kindred tribes I their pamphlet before quoted. pp. 40
north and south of Lake Erie, provok- and 41, say of the period, about 1655,
ed a war with the Susquehannas."r I suppose: "War had now begun in
This is all we shall note of this war earnest with the Five Nations (lro-
at present. It will be discussed un- quois) and though the Susquehan-
der a later date. nocks had some of their people kllled
Other events as above stated must near their towns they in turn pressed
now claim attention, some of which the Cayugas so hard that some of
are as follows: "During the year 1650 them retired across the lakes into
the terrible scourge of small-pox Canada. They also kept the Senecas
broke out among the Susquehannas. in check that they no longer ventur-
(Do. p. 40). ed to carry their peltry to New York
16iO-Susquehannoek Hunters Ream except under heavy guarding. Smart-
About Lake Ontario. ing under constant defeat the Five
About this time (as likely perhaps Nations solicited French ald." Lyle'll
many years before) the Susquehan- History of Lancaster County would
nock hunters in their hunting wan- lead us to infer that this war was
dered as far as Lake Ontario, where declared or begun only about 1660
they came into contact with the Iro- (P. 19) but it was earlier; because
quois and were plundered. This in Vol. 48 of the Jesuit Relations, p.
shows the great width and extent 76, a communication written in 1662
over which these Susquehannocks says that the war "broke out some
were accustomed to roam. (Do. p. years ago." And finally the speech
40). of the Indian orator in the Lancaster
laU-The Great Susquehanuoek-Iro-
quols War ef SeTeral Years
Begins.
We have quoted above an author
who says the war between the Sus-
quehannocks add Iroquois began in
1651. WhUe this may be so, it seems
that the 'War' was simply desultory
several years.
I find that Proud says nothing
about this war. In his History of
Pennsylvania he omits to mention any
events from 1632 to 1664 (See pp. 117
and 118); and when he does resume
the discussion it is about Swedes' af-
fairs. He mentions a Swedish Treaty
with the Indians in 1655; but makes
no other Indian references untll 1664,
whclU mention is made of Albany In-
"!dn affairs. Mombert's History, p.
23, quoting from Col. Rec. (no doubt)
admits the war was in progress in
1664, but that the Susquehannocks
were stlll superior at that time. The
Dauphin County archaeologists, in
Court House June 26, 1744, 4 Col. Rec.
708, shows that the serious conse-
quences of. the war occurred some
time after 1654. From all the evi-
dences we gather it that the real
brunt of the war came on about 1660.
This we wlll treat fully later.
laol-The Mohawks and Other Iro-
quois Now Combine Against
the Susqpehannoeks.
From 1646 or 1647 to 1651 the Iro-
quois Confederacy were warring on
the weaker Hurons, during which time
we have seen the Hurons sent to the
Susquehannocks for help and the
Susquehannocks freely offered to
give aid. But strange to say the help
never was given. The cause of this
I cannot find; nor can I find the true
cause of the war by the Iroquois up-
on the Hurons, except while they
were neighbors of the Iroquois, they
were cousins of the Susquehannocks
or at least former allles, and the Iro-
quois Confederacy were jealous and
Digitized by Coogle
42
AAAALS
THH SUSAITHHANAOCKf5 AND
fearful of a confederacy between the
SUilliuehaillilicks Hililfrns. Hhe
rIuf5 Susquuf5annu ualley ulSO In
some measure the prIze at stake; and
thu iltake wus abunt 1675 won the
IrlifAliois Killim Sus(ilrhanufx:ks,
they beIng forced Into Maryland.
Tbnil by no hillip COXRlig to them
fr",,,,, the (usqueb:r,nnocb:r. the HU-
rons were almost annIhIlated by the
Ir05ilcis. Aod nOH the R:roqunl:r.end
es(eeially tbe Muhewk t!'Sbe of thom,
havIng grown Insolent because of
tho !f. vIcto"Iils oe,:!' the Hurons. re-
mox'.iereh theIr insult, frox the
that 1,000 of the Andaste have been
'obtured or at lTast cattSed ot?
or An'1ttte, cPleby man. And
the Mohawks lost in this expedition
only eleaen maad' Sst Jesult Rela
tEaos, 37, 11:1. ThYa great
boasi of the Iroquois all turned out
il"true, we rzioll Sd,,:H later.
gnnf deal whilt wrytr nom
has been discussed but as it was at
tlxo taken secnnd harrd from
ntYier pPilxphlilteers, not
er it first hand, and for that reason
it drrHn fr'tff4" the n!'gInal
wars wIth the Susquehannocks, and this Susquehannock-Iroquois
led a renewal of hostll!t1es aga!nst to lono enouoh hero
thoo'. thu:r :rtartIno the 'em':'o that wa' ':fsted a
quehannock war of many years, In . .
1651. The very begInnIng of this sultory fashion about twenty-four
'" I 1 '37 97 .f,""': It Ihuurs, reTehing Ito heioht about 1665.
w ... n , , ...... u comh1ned Troquo'" subdue,,} thff
Relations, In 1651, as foHows: "Hur- and forc-
Ing this winter the Annierounons ed them from the Susquehanna Into
(hX"hawkh) went war towarh the I e'... I h.' 'he e',,00ma:' Th'""
I
In e,51 be ar .:"gan. : ternpt Ie whicZi the Irmtuois held thff
16;)1-Flrst Stages of tZke Susque. I Susquehannocks Is testified to by the
hannock.Iroquols War Jesuits as follows: "SInce the Son-
our Itff"" we dted the hrst ilOl0houeah, (tRiil Hur""0 fo!'
goIng out of the Iroquois agaInst the IroquoIs) have utterly <3.efeated thn
Susquehannocks. The Jesuits called Andast.!! (Susquehannocks). theIr an-
thntrn MohEL'Seks; hut Seeffeas, (ilhu- eSent aed most %'hdoud"adle fue. their
gas Mohawks and other tribes are Rnsolt-nce knowr no b,meds; talh
. I
by these writers all called In differ- lof nothIng but renewIng the war
1651, I and of
told us, viz.: "A fugItive brought i destruction of fort Colorokoul." Vol.
baek neWff that Im'iuois baeing I Jesuf4. ReliltEons, t51. Hzie eI,
gone durlilg the ,rEnter fult furce of su",eff"S OYe0' the f4usque,
against the Andaste (Susquehann- hannocks by the IroquoIs was much
nueks) had the Horst it." HoI. ilke thy arrect the yletory auer
37, Jesuit Y%.el aU ""a" p. An'J 3.at- pulean tbe Duky W:':l11ngtOil.
er the same year these Jesuits write The IroquoIs felt they could now con-
for news of tEle enemy the eap- th,,: worthIest foe in all the
taln of Atia'kywae (like Andnste warld, that 0WW couEa ove!',
or Su,,;quehannocks-Vol. 36, Jesuit come the French themselves. Chrono-
RaTi,Uons. pp. 2r7J), wa2i eap- l"pIcallli this last p"0Tapraph is out
by t?':e I, o'1uois nation. says ordsT but use hero 0fimp1e
again to illustrate the prowess of the' on either side at any time hereafter
Susquehannocks, which Is plainly by the English or the Indians afore-
shown in that the Iroquois consld- said 01' any other confederated tribe
ered their subjugation an event of or servants of them, that report be
first magnitude. made and satisfaction be given from
Um!-The Haughty Susquehannoeks each other from time to time as the
Now Beg An Alliance with the case requires and as In reason
Government of 1Ikyland-A should be done between those that
Treaty Formed. are friends and desire to continue so.
In the very opening stages of the 3. "That If any people or servants
combined Iroquois onslaught upon that belong to the EngIlsh or to the
them the eyes of the Susquehannocks Indians shall go away or run away
were opened; and their haughty pride from either side they shall not be
was humbled. They had found a foe- concealed or kept away from each
man worthy of their arms. While It other; but with all constant speed be
was not true that 1000 of them were returned and brought home and sat-
taken as the Item under 1651 sets Isfactlon to be made In reasonable
forth; It was true that many of them W2Y for transport of them by land or
were killed by the barbarians of the I by water.
north In these first encounters. The 4. "That on any occasion of busi-
SusquhannockR knew they cOUld I ness to the EngIlsh or any message,
not single-handed contend with the or the Ilke, the Indians, shall come
combined Iroquois forces, and so by water and not by land that there
they proposed alllance with Mary- shall not be above eight or ten at
land. anyone time, and that they bring
Therefore they entered into the fol- with them the tokens given them by
lowing treaty with Maryland: "Ar- the Engllsh for that purpose b.'
tlcles of Peace and Friendship Treat- which they may be known and enter-
ed and Agreed upon this 5th day of tained. And also the EngIlsh on their
July, 1652, between the English of pat'ts when they send to the Indians
Maryland of one part and the Susque- any message shall carry the token
hannock Indian Nation on the other which we have received from them.
part followeth: 5. "And lastly that these articles
1. That the English nation shall and every particular of them, shall
hold and occupy to them and their be really and Inviolably observed,
heirs and assigns forever all the kept And performed by the two na-
lands lying north of Patuxent river tlons before named and by the people
to Palmer's Island and to the west- to thc!m or that are in amity with
ern side of the Bay of Chesapeake them forever, to the end of the
and from Choptank river to the North world; and that all former Injuries
EaBt Branch to the northeast of Elk being burled and forgotten, from
river on the northeast with all is- henceforth they do promise and
lands, creeks, fish, fouls, deer, elk, agree to walk together and carry one
and whatsoev'!r elsE- belcngs except towards another In all things as
the islands of Kent and Palmer's friends, and to assist one another ac-
which belong to Clayborne, but It cordlngly. But If it so hereafter at
shall be lawful for both the EngIlsh any time happen that either party is
and the Indians to build houses or weary of peace and Intends war, then
forts for trade on Palmer's sland. the same shall be signified and made
2. "If there Is any damage done I known each to the other by s.endlng
Digitized by Coogle
and delivering up this writing, before
any act of hostility or enmity be
done or attempted and that 20 days'
warning thereof be given before-
hand.
"These several articles were sol-
emnly and mutually declared and
concluded at the river Severn, in
Provh.lce of Maryland by Richard
Benett et ai, {or the Governor and
Council and by Savahegah, Aieroh-
toregh, Scarluhadigh, Ruthchoque
and Natheldrruh, War Captains and
Counsellors of the Susquehannoughs
Commissioners appointed and sent by
said province and the Susquehan-
noughli and were fully interpreted,
done and confirmed by several pres-
ents, gifts and tokens of friendship,
mutually given and received," See
this treaty Vol. 3, Md. Arch. p. 276-
7 and Bozman's Md. p. 682. (We shall
see at a later date how treacherously
the Marylanders ,iolated the sancity
of the tokens or medals spoken of
here, and slaughtered the holders of
them.)
Speaking on this same treaty Scharf
and Johnson both say in 1652 the
differences between the Susquehan-
nocks and Maryland were again com-
posed, and a treaty was made be-
tween them. The Susquehannocks
began to see the unwisdom of war
with the whites hnd with the Iro-
quois at the same time. Scharf's
History of Maryland, p. 212, Geo.
Johnson, in his History of Cecil
County, has the following to say upon
that treaty of 1652: "A treaty was
made between Maryland and the
Susquehannocks, being the first
treaty of which any record is pro-
served. This was done where Annap-
olis now stands. (p.' 17). The treaty
provided inter alia, "That the English
shall have all the land from Patuxent
River to Palmer's Island on the west
side of Chesapeake and from Chop-
tank to northeast Branch or Creek
lying to the northward of Elk River
on the east side." (p. 17) This
treaty was asserted by the Governor
of Maryland, in our first Court House
in Centre Square in Lancaster City,
then a Borough, June 25, 1744, when
and where the said Governor, speak-
ing to the representatives of the Five
Nations then assembled at the Treaty
of 1744 said: "The Susquehanna In-
dians by a treaty above ninety years
since, which is on the table and will
be interpreted to you, gave to the
English Nation and their heirs and
assigns forever, the lands we possess
from Patuxent RIver," etc. (4 Col.
Rec. 704). And the Indian orator
replying the next day said: "We ac-
knowledge that the Conestoga or
Susquehanna, Indians had a right to
sell those lands unto you for they
were theirs. but since then we have
conquered them." (Do. p. 708). This
would also make this treaty about
1652, and it also asserts the fact of
its existence, and its import.
1802-Hurons Not Able to Help the
Susquehannocks In the War.
As we have stated in the last paper
the combined Iroquois were too pow-
erful for the Susquehannocks, and
they looked to Maryland in treaty
to help them. That they made the
overtures to the whites is evident
from the introduction to the treaty,
viz. : "Whereas this court is inform-
ed that the Susquehannocks have a
long time desired and much pressed
for peace with this province, etc."
Bozman, pp. 450 and 451.
Neither coulu the Huron cousins of
the Susquehannocks help them; be-
cause beside. subjugated five years be-
fore, their geographical position was
not favorable to co-operation. In Vol.
38, Jesuit Relations, p. 235, it is said
"The conntry of the Hurons is a part
of New France. Southward a little
Digitized by Coogle
45
to the west comes the neutral nation, English "Hiding Creek." (Do.) And
whose first villages were not more in the same volume p. 235 it is said
than 100 miles distant from the Hu- "Thousands of beavers can be bought
rons, the territoI"l" of this nation ex- around the Schuylkill or Dever's
tending 150 miles; thence moving Rede, which are brought down in
from the neutrals a little toward the great abundance by the Minquas and
east one reaches New Sweden, where the Black Indians." Wm. Penn also
dwell the Andast!" (Susquehannocks), in a paper dated 1690 mentions that
who are allied to our Hurons and the Indians of the Susquehanna came
speak a language not very different to Philadelphia by way of the Schuyl-
from them. They are distant from kill and its branches-their old and
us about 500 mUes." unusual course. (I Haz. Reg. 400).
- IndJans Except Susquehan. Thus from all this we see that while
nocks to be Deprived of their Guns. the Susquehannocks' wars were in
Amity with the Susquehannocks progress their trade was going on
seems now to have been firmly estab- also.
lished by the Maryland government; t8ol-The Susquehannocks Stili Hunt
Maryland passed the following act About Lake Ontario.
for their benefit; "It shall be lawful Some fathers of the Jesuits this
for any person to take away from I year with other journey
any Indian that shall come within to the Upper Iroquois and tell of one
the liberties and bounds of St; Mary's of the experiences as follows: "To-
and Potomac, their guns, powder and wards evening some hunters percelv-
shott; and that none shall entertain ed us (at the end of Lake Ontario);
Indians In their houses except they Vol. 43, Jesuit Relations, p. 141-and
come on public treaty,which is meant on seeing so many canoes in our
only of the Susquehannocks and the company they fied, leaving behind
Emperor of the Piscataways; and them some booty for our people, who
that as far as possble the Indians seized their weapons and beaver
have notice of this Act," Vol. I, skins and all their baggage; but cap-
Maryland Archives p. 348. turing one of those hunters we found
18M-An Extensive Beaver Trade that he belonged to the tribe of An-
Carried on by Susquehannocks. dastogue (Susquehannocks), with
We now turn for a moment again whom we are not at war. Our French
to the situation, environments and therefore gave back to them that
trade of the Susquehannocks at which they had plundered; this how-
this time before going into their ever did not induce our savages to
war with the Iroquois. display the same courtesy." Vol. 43,
In Gerrett Van Sweeringen's Ac- Jesuit Relations, p. 143.
count of the Settling of the Dutch Two historical facts are worthy of
and Swedes at Delaware found p., notice here: (1) that the Susquehan-
746, in Vol. 5 of Ser. Pa. Arch. (p. nocks continued to make hunting par-
748) he says: "In the year 1654 the ties to the northward the same as
head of the Chesapeake Bay In Mary- in the days when they were not at
land was not at that time seated and war with the Iroquois, and (2) that
so the Marylanders did not take much though the French were the friends
notice of the Dutch or Swedes. The of the Iroquois. the 'fathers' say they
Swedes sailed up hiding themselves are not at war with the Susquehan-
in a creek called the Schuylkill-in I nocks.
Digitized by Coogle
1880-Tbe PIseatawafs ComplaIn of 11881-Maryland Again Declares War
the Efleets of War. AgaInst the Susquehannoeks.
In Vol. 3, Maryland Archives, pp.Just about the time the Susque-
402 and 403, it is reported that the hannocks were in the midst of the
Emperor ot the Piscataways came to war with the Iroquois, their bad faith
the English and complained as tol- toward Maryland anl their outrages
lows: "A long time ago there came upon the whites, caused Maryland to
a king from the eastern shore who declare war upon them too. John-
commanded over all the Indians now son in his History of Cecil County,
inhabiting within the bounds ot this page 51, says that In 1661 the "Coun-
province of Maryland (naming every cil of Maryland met at Susquehanna
town severally), and also over the Point, just below Perryville, and de-
Powtomacks and Susquehannocks, clared war on the Susquehannocks.
whom, because he d l ~ embrace and But two years later, viz. 1663, says the
cover all of them, he called Wafoln- same author, page 61, "Notice was
gasscnew. This man dying without sent to the Susquehannocks to come
issue made his brother, Quakon-as- to Maryland to treat with the Com-
slam king after him; after whom missioners of Baltimore County; and
succeeded his other brothers. After that at this time the Senecas had
his brothers they took a sister's son, begun to intimidate the Susquehan-
and so from brother to brother. Af- nocks." This treaty is also noticed
ter this they were in danger of the by Scharff in his History ot Maryland
Senecas, who are a potent nation, page 290. We remember also that
and had lately kllled five ot their I Maryland and the Susquehannocks
men and threatened their tort tor made a treaty in 1652, mainly for
being friends with us and the Sus- land; but partly also of amity. This
quehannocks, who are at war with presupposes a state of hostility pre-
the said Senecas. Therefore they cedent. Both of which treaties of
(the Plscataways) desire for pay 16;)2 and 1663, between Maryland and
they might have four English to help the Susquehannocks point out that
them make their fort." To this the they were warring on the whites and
authorities of Maryland explained the the Iroquois at the same time. Later
councll would be called together and we wlll show how the Iroquois fear-
come to the Potomac and give them ed the Susquehannas after the fatal
(the Piscataways) an answer." See expedition; and _also enter upon the
Vol. 3, Maryland Archives, pp. 402 Seneca-SusQuehannock War.
403. 1661-Fortunes of War Hard Against
Thus this old Piscataway Emper- the Susquehunnocks.
or, after traCing the line of powerful The Susquehannock-Iroquois war
kings who at one time held a con- has now been going on about ten
federacy of Indian nations about the years, and the Susquehannocks are
Potomac, similar. to the Five Nations, losing ground rapidly. Maryland
now in New York, ends by saying passed a law to assist them, the ver-
that the Piscataway triendship for the batim transcript of which may be
whites and Susquehannocks has seen in a prior item. To carry out
brought about a hereditary hatred to the benefits Intended by the Act a
the Piscataways on the part of the commission was issued by Maryland
descendants of the original powers of to John Odber as follows:
the confederacy. "We, Cecelius to John Odber, greet-
Digitized by Coogle
Ing: Appoint you Captain of 60 were greatly reduced, as well by
soldiers to be raised In the province smallpox as by war.
of Maryland, and them to have use The character and progress of the
and command with provisions, vic- war wlll claim our attention later.
tuals and ammunition and to set I
forth with them in a march to the Aet or Law Passed by )laryland in
Susquehanna fort to the resistance
of all enemies declared and to be de-
clared and to defend the said. fort
against all attempts from any ene-
mies of the Su!'queh!l.nnocks or of the
province accordlnr to such instruc-
tions as you shall receive from us,
or our lieutenant general from time
to time, and them to vanquish and
put to death, and all or any other
things, acts and powers to use and
do concerning said expedition, till
the return of the soldiers Into this
province again, as to the captain of
an army or governor of a fort by the
laws and use of warre doth or may
belong. Given under our lesser seal
of said province 18th May, 1661.
Phlllp Calvert." Vol. 1, Maryland
Archives, p. 417.
Thus the Susquehannock fort was
evidently again In danger. In fact
the Senecas were pressing on from
the northward that the Susquehan-
nocks were about being driven out
of the fort on toward the Potomac,
to which point about ten years later
the SeBecas did drive them, and at
which latter place they made their
famous last stand, as we shall see
later.
Evans' and Ellls' history calls at-
tentiou, page 11, to the fact that at
this same time there was a fort on
the Susquehanna near the mouth of
the Octorara; and that It was pro-
tected by a small stockade to har-
bor hunting parties. But as the main
fort, as we have shown, was farther
up the river, three miles above the
mouth of Conestoga Creek."
According to Hazard's Annals, p.
346, at this time the Susquehannocks
1861 to Help the Susquehannas.
Through the goodness of that most
competent archlvest, Hon. L. R. Kel-
ker at Harrisburg; and the able arid
obliging Assistant Librarian of the
Pennsylvania Historical Society
at Philadelphia, Mr. Ernst Spofford,
two of my especially valued friends
and co-workers, I am able to send
forth the context of the Act of Assem-
blY of Maryland passed May 1, 1661,
In that Colony to help our Susque-
hannocks. Both these gentlemen
sent me copies of the Act.
The Act, which is found in Acts of
Assembly 1637 to 1664 Vol. 1 (Balti-
more) Maryland Historical Society,
1883, p. 406 and 7; also Archives of
Maryland, Is as follows:
"Thursday, second of May, 1661,
present as before. Then was reade
the Act the Burgesses
tyme and charge which was voted by
the whole house to passe. Acts'
made at a General Assembly held at
St. Johns In St. Mary's country, begin-
ning April the seventeenth, 1661."
"An Acte impowerlng the Gover-
nor and Council to rayse forces and
mayntayne a warre without the pro-
vince and to ayde the Susquehan-
nough Indians.
"Whereas it doth appeare to this
present General Assembly tbat this
Province is in Imminent danger by a
warre begun In Itt by some foreign
Indians as It batb been made to ap-
peare by credible Information given
of a person lately killed and of otbers
that are probably cut off by these
foreign Indians, and that in humane
probablUty our neighbor Indians, the
Digitized by Coogle
Susquehannocks are a bullwarke and the Governor and Council are hereby
Security of the Northern parts of the Impowered to leavy by way of as-
Province and that by former treaties sessment per pole according to the
with that nation they have very usual custome of this Province.
much assured us of their affections "And in the interval of Assemblys
and friendship. And that they ex- to rayse what forces they in theIr
pected the like from us. And by their I dIscretion shall think necessary
treaties it was agreed Assistance I against the Seneca nation of IndIans
should be granted to each other In or any other Indians that shall be
tyme of danger, And upon theIr sev- found to have killed any of the in-
eral late applications to us to that habitants of thIs Province or that
purpose Ayde hath been promis(ed) have or shall dIsturb the peace there-
them accordingly. of. And the charges to be defrayed
"It Is enacted and be It enacted as aforesaid.
(by) the Lord ProprIetary of thIs "ThIs Acte to continue and be in
Province by and wIth the advIce and force for two years or the next Gen-
consent of the Upper and Lower erall Assembly which shall first hap-
House of this present General As- pen."
sembly that the governor with the "The Upper House Have Assented
advice and consent of the council -Wlll Bretton, clerk.
have, power to leavy and rayse by "The Lower House Have Assented
presse or otherwIse fifty able men -John Gittings, clerk.
wIth armes and ProvIsions and all I cIte thIs Act not alone for the
things necessary for them to be sent
to the Susquehannough Forte for the
ends aforesaid. And the proportIon
of the saId soldIers to be ray sed out
of the several count yes followeth-
vlzt: Out of the County of St. Mary's
11; out of Calvert county, 15; out of
Charles county, 7; out of Anne Arun-
del, 11; out of Kent, 3, with one In-
terpreter, a Captaine and Chlrurgeon,
and for the paye of the officers and
souldiers aforesaid to be proportioned
as followeth until the souldlers re-
turne-to the Commander in Chief
600 pounds of tobacco in caske per
month; to the interpreter 600 pounds
per month; to the lieutenant 400
pounds per month, to the sergeant,
300 pounds per month and to the
Chirurgeon foure hundred per month
and to every private souldler 250
pounds per month.
"And be It further enacted by the
authority aforesaId for the defray-
ing of the charges of said warre and
all charges incident to with; That
provision it makes for support of the
Susquehannocks; but also for the
many facts of history it sets out in
the first paragraphs explaining the
cause of the Act, viz.: the repeated
applications made by them for help,
showing the trouble they had with
the northern tribes-the setting forth
of the reciprocal arrangement the
Whites and the Susquehannocks had
-the fact that the treaties 'made
with the savages were not merely
playthings, and gala day meetings,
but were of sufficient solemnity to
require statutes to be passed to
carry them out, and finally the hon-
orable way In which the whites look-
ed upon these Susquehannocks.
1OO1-Instructlons to Captain Obder.
Prior we gave a copy of the com-
mission to Obder, constituting him
an officer to assist the Susquehan-
nocks, in resisting the Five Nations.
We now gIve their instructions
which the government of Maryland
Digitized by Coogle
gave to him, directing him how to
proceed, copied from Vol. 4, Mary-
land Archives, pp. 417 and 418. They
are as follows:
"I. You are to choose some fit
place either within or without the
Forte (Susquehanna Fort' which you
are to fortify for your own se-
curity and to demand the assistance
of the Susquehannocks to fetch tim-
ber and other necessaries for the
fortifications according to the article
now concluded between us and fur-
ther to cause some spurs or fiankers
to be laid out for the defense of the
Indian fort, whom you are upon all
occasions to assist against the as-
saults of their enemies.
"2. On arrival at the fort imme-
diately press them to a;>point some
one or more of their great men to
whom you shall make your applica-
tions on all occasions, that is, either
of assistance to help for-
tify or for provisions or upon any or-
der received from us.
"3. Procure that certain persons
be appointed who are to be messen-
gers betwet'n you and us according
to the articles and be sure to advise
us of every accident of importance
that shall befall you or the Susque-
hannocks and of the proceedings of
the affairs.
"4. You are carefully to inform
yourself of the progress of the warre
between the Susquehannock and
Seneca Indians and if you find them
lacking in it to press them discreet-
ly to a vigorous prosecution of it.
5. "You are to avoid quarrels with
the Susquehannocks and not to allow
soldiers to sit or drink with them.
"6. Make diligent inquiries touch-
ing the numbers of the women in Pat-
apsco River, and of the motion of
the companies of them.
"7. You are to have a very wary
eye on all the Dutch that come to
the Forte (Susquehannock Fort) ob-
serving their actions and treaties
with the Indians but show not any
animosity against them; if you find
any close contrivances to our pre-
judice give it notice."
Thus from this we see that Mary-
land was suspicious of the Dutch who
were now the owners of a good deal
of southeastern Pennsylvania, tm
1644, when the English divested them
of title. It Is also noticeable that
great care was always observed by
Maryland that the Susquehannocks
should not become suspicious of the
help of the White Brethren of Mary-
land.
1OO1-Varlous Fortunes of War Now
Occupy Both Nations.
The Jesuit Fathers speaking of the
scouting parties of the Susquehan-
nocks say Vol. 47, Jesuit Relations,
p. 71: "On Lake Ontario (The Great
Lake of the Iroquois) we met three
canoes from Onneirout, on their way
to fight against the Nez Pierce In-
dians. They told us that the Susque-
hannocks (dwell1ng near New Swe-
den) had recently killed on their
fields three of the Orocouenhonnous
(a tribe of the Five Nations)."
186I-The Jesuits are Pleased That
Susquehannocks Hold iroquois
In Check.
The Jesuits appreciate very much
the vigor of the Susquehannocks, as
it is taking the pride out of the Iro-
quois, who about this time because
they had grown haughty over their
victory over the Hurons and other
tribes, had deSigns to fall upon the
French themselves. The Jesuits in
Vol. 47, Jesuit Relations, p.107, say:
"We doubt not it is a stroke of Hea-
ven that has very seasonable caused
a division of forces and aroused up
in our behalf the Andaste (Busque-
hannocks) savages of warlike spirit
and ever held in dread by the Upper
Iroquois, against whom war is klnd-
Digitized by Coogle
50
ling In such strength that we have the }<'ive Nations: and though the
now againBY only the nusqm:hazHlOcYs had some thr;lr
nmzs (h:Iohuwkri fsnd Onneirounhon- :eople killed near their town (on
nos, who form but a small part of Susquehanna) they in turn pressed
the Iz'o:nu:::ir." the fYfsYUUfsS eo hurd that some nf
We can find much original histori- them retreated across L!lke Ontario
Cel muttez' In this las7 pal'fsgrfsEzh. to Ce:::ade,"
tells us that the Susquehannocks 1661-Susquebannocks Ungrateful
I ,,,:
held them in ::iread"-ihat they were I it wz::nld eeem thz:y did uot nreutiy
pressing the war with such vigor thl}.t I appreciate it. In the midst of their
theu mrde the whrie Five Nutiom: ='=r chef fo:md Hme to earrrr fsnd
to attend to any other aftairs, kl'll' == 3
01' to give attention to :my other Az:ch, 413 gif'::;s thIs U:rCount
enemies than the Susquehannocks; this. "An information touching
ami cUf'sed a :n,ivisi::n thr IrghUnhz hrath of Tour Enulishmen kllk;d
fOI':ces, b pa::IIage betweelZ Delaware Bay and
1661-Susquebannocks HaTe Broken Chesapeake by Indians-John Taytor
rp StlIIOO;=: }'n; T;:de WltTIl I
::W or . hnrst1znd tneir laLAk;:uaLAU, t::;ld them to
The Susquehannocks single handed go, he knowing of a murder commit-
so h::l'asz:ed the Iro;1
u
oi:: anh ted OIL RoT::t. i::rsUI:h'e wi!::, they
planted themselves between them and left Next day they came with seven
Now York thol tho pr;itry trade more and oee mnmoo wdo ;rnming
the Sencas, one of the Five Nation near dIs londlng shgt nft a oun to give
or IroquOII wan nnorld cut notice. They :lsked him for tobacco
oY at the 8ame time they were pro- eod gime to their: amI on sil?dt
secuting the war. The French word of another canoe of Indians he told
entitled "Helatlonr: dr; \:z Neuvillo :z':nm ro oe :=nne Td:r ImUaoo s1:ot
France" for 1661, p. 40, says: "The th" " ,== d 'I d ed his hOllse
, ",,' , , ," ano er man an p un er
S:::zquz:ganr:ocer:: aero uept r:he fsene' fnd inbar'r'o l':c:use of lUOO Dounds
cas in such alarm that they no longer I The also killed eleven head
VIntUIcd Ifsrrc theIr m:ltrI " y: ....... t'
New York except 'in caravans e'scort-I of cattle and twenty Twgs. tEee
e:l by 4:00 meu whn em:n luok ClI' I oortafn other Indtfzs fe oIkeo wno
route," This Is anothe" I the were and they said they
pz'gof gf f'rhat the i rrrre ::11 iIusunehzmnueks.
made ot About thi:: time it I Nevertheless: the heaviest,
seems the Iroquo:s had the worst of I Iuigu:: or tr:: S::squ;c:hamIOcu-I: If-
cDntenI: ar R::latiI:ns 1:e I quois War were to come, and for
I
Five Nations now sollcited French: treaty of peace.
a:L" The same work for thz: yetl' I tlew TrIIty 4:1 z1:mith
1661 p. 39 says "In 1661 small pox I tween the Sn1!uuebannocks and
bY'oke out swerplng olL many. War I fTIar:s<Zanh,
had qOW bel,;un m aarnast with The rough surgery which the Five
[ t,ze y' v' :51
Nations were practicing on the Sus-
quehannocks made them again turn
to Maryland, though single handed
up to this time they held their own
against the confederUed savages of
the north. A treaty was made ac-
cordingly May 16, 1661, by the Sus-
quehannocks with Maryland as fol-
lows:
1. It is mutually agreed that we
shall according to our former agree-
ments mutually assist one the other
against the enemies of either nation
upon timely notice given to each by
the other.
2. That such Indian men who are
prisoners and shall happen to be ta-
kenln war shall be delivered to the
English, as well such as have been
killed as others.
3. That the English shall send up
to Susquehanna Fort fifty men to help
defend the fort.
4. That the Susquehannocks shall
permit the captain of the english sol-
diers to choose a pla:ce either within
or without the fort to fortify himself
In, and that the Susquehannocks
shall help him to fetch logs or other
materials or timber for the fortifica-
tion.
find the English soldiers with sum-
clcut flsh and flesh and bread ready
beaten.
6. That there shall be six Indians
appointed by the Susquehannocks to
be ready to carry letters between the
captain of the English at the Fort
and Colonel Utyes' house, and from
thence to the Fort, to which end two
of them shall always be upon Pal-
mer's Island.
7. That to prevent mischiefs and
misunderstandings and not distin-
guishing the Susquehann(Jck Indians
the Susquehannocks shall not come
ordinarily to any other house but -to
the house o,f Captain Thomas Stockett
or Jacob Clauson, from whence they
shall have tickets If they have occa-
sion to come freely among the Eng-
lish plantations; and if by enemies
they be driven among the English
they shall be' found to halloo before
they come near ony English house,
and upon the appearance of the Eng-
lish they shall immedately lay down
their arms, to be In the English pos-
session till they depart.
send all runaways of the English
down to Captain Thomas Stockett Im-
mediately after arrival at the Fort.
9. That the English having now
declared that they wlll demand satis-
faction of the Possegouke (northern)
Indians for the death of John Nordon
and his companions slayn (slain) by
the aforesaid Indians, and upon de-
cision to prosecute a war with them
the Susquehannocks shall upon fur-
ther notice given be ready to assist
In the said war with necessary force,
which the said English will prose-
cute upon the said northern Indians."
This treaty may be found in Vol.
3, Maryland Archives, p. 420, and is
signed by the English emissaries,
and by the following Susquehannock
Indian chiefs: Dahadaghesa, Sara-
wgarora, Andra-Souque, Waskanec-
qua, Saraquendelt, Karagarago and
Wadonbago, dated May 21, 1661, the
day It was concluded, the conference
having lasted five days.
This treaty was made pursuant to
the Act of Assembly May 2, 1661, to
which we have called attention as
well as have set out a verbatim copy
thereof; and under and by virtue of
both Colonel Obder was given the
commission and instructions we have
noted before. But while they were
in sore need of help from the Whites
the Susquehannocks seemed not to
appreciate it; or at least were too
haughty to do the menial work the
English soldiers required of them in
Digitized by Coogle
52
helping to build the fortitlcations to "Ordered that Messrs.Ed. Lloyd, John
strengthen the Susquehanna Fort. Bateman, Col. Wm. Evans et al draw
1881-The Susquehannoeks do not up an Act empowering the Governor
Appreelate English Help In War. and Council In the interval between
Captain Obder gives this account of this and next Assembly to raise forces
his attempt to help the Susquehan- they tlnd necessary to ayde the Sus-
nocks under the provisions of the quehannocks against the Senecas.
above Act of Assembly and Treaty. that have lately klIled some Engllsh-
"November 27 Captain Obder came men In Patapsco Rh'er, and that the
to gl"e account of thIs expedition to expense be raised by an assessment,
the Susquehannock Fort and was and In Vol. 3, Maryland Archives, p.
asked why he came down from the 411, It Is said that on consideration
Fort without order from the Gover- of the Act passed to ayde the Sus-
nor. He said that the Susquehan- quehannocks it was decided to send
nocks came to him and told him that John Obder with an army of tlfty
they could not compel their men to men."
furnish the soldiers with provisions I Thus this expedition and design to
according to the article; and there- help the Susquehannocks in their
fore bid them provide themselves and' great war, though they desired a
be gone tomorrow in the canoes that treaty on the subject, was the same
were provided to carry the ammuni- as several former efforts by the
tion to them. He said he had left all Whites to help them, and to deal
the arms with Mr. Lloyd except one with them, a failure. In following
gun at Jacob's, and the arms of every items we shall notice further efforts
soldier were carried home to be de- and also take up the weary progress
livered to the owners thereof from of the war.
whom they received thew. This an-
swer not having satisfied the informa- 1862-Susquehannoeks Bloekaded ID
tion of the Lieutenant Governor, he Their Fort.
was ordered to give account in writ-
ing of his proceedings with the Sus-
quehannocks by next council. See
Maryland Archives, Vol. 3, p. 434.
Nov. 28 Captain Obder was called
to give account in writing according
to the former order but he appeared
not. Then was called John Everett
to answer his contempt in running
away from his colors when pressed
to go to the Susquehanna Fort, and
he pleads that he cannot bear arms
for his conscience slike; and it is or-
dered that he be tried at the next
court. Vol. 3, Maryland Archives,
p. 441.
The reasons for the drawing the
Act to aid the Susquehannocks and
who drew it and the necessity for a
treaty are set forth in Vol. 1. Mary-
land Archives, p. 400, as follows:
Page 347, Hazard Annals. is set forth
one of Alricks papers, "When I arrived
on May 31st at New Amstel (1662)
I perceived there a great change; all
were jointly engaged to repair the
Fort as the Minquas were blocked in
their Fort by the Senecas being about
800 strong. When the Senecas ap-
proached three or four men were dis-
patched to the Fort with the offer of
peace while their force remained at
a distance; but a Minqua returning
from hunting discovered the Senecas
so that next day, they from the Fort
concluded to meet them with 20 or
30 men when the Minquas at the
same time with their force made an
attack drove the Senecas to tllght
and pursued them for two days re-
taking 10 persons and 10 men killed
if we can depend on two Minquas
Digitized by Coogle
who arrived at New Amstel on the whole vlIlage and return home at the
2nd, Inst." This is verbatim from the earliest moment loaded with glory
Alrick papers dated June 2, 1663. and with captives.
1882-The Great Susquehannock-Iro- But they saw that this village was
quols War-IroquoIs Expedition defended on one side by the stream
Down Susquehanna RIver. on whose banks it was situated, and
Formerly we showed how this war on the opposite by a double curtain
b ~ g a n in 1652, and progressed in a of large trees flanked by bastions,
desultory way on toward 1660 erected on the European manner, and
The principal campaign of the War being supplied with some pieces of ar-
was in 1662; and indeed it is the only tillery. Surprised at finding defenses
campaign of which historians tell us so well planned the Iroquois abandon-
anything definitely. The best ac- ed the projected assult, and after
count of its chief event, and to my some llght skirmishing resorted to
mind the most rellable one, is that their customary subtility, in order to
set forth in Vol. 48 of the Jesuit Re- gain by trickery what they conld not
lations p. 75 written practically con- accomplish by force. Making thin
temporaneous with the event. The overtures for a parley they offered to
description is dated 1662 and is set enter the besieged town to the num-
forth as follows: "Last year two ber twenty-five, partly to treat for
tribes of the Iroquois formed an ex- peace, as they declared, and partly to
pedition to go and lie in ambush for I buy provisions for their return jour-
the upper Algonquins. For this pur- ney. The gates were opened for
pose they set out early in 1662. But them and they went in; but were im-
the Iroquois, who had never learned I mediately seized, and without further
to run away, would have been glad delay made to mount a scaffold or
to do so at any time, for shafts were scaffolds, where in sight of their own
leveled upon them in every direction. army they were burned alive. The
The other Iroquois nations had no Andaste by this declaring war more
better success in an expedltlon un- hotly than ever gave the Iroquois to
dertaken by them against the Andaste understand that this was merely the
(Susquehannas) savages of New Swe- prelude to what they were going to
den, with whom War broke out some do in the latter's country, and that
years ago (p.77). Raising accordingly the Iroquos had only to go back
an army of 81)0 men they embarked home as speedlly as possible and
on Lake Ontario toward the begin- prepare for siege or at least make
ning of April last, and directed their ready to see their fields laid waste.
course toward the extremity of the The Iroquois, more humlllated by
beautiful lake to a great river very this insult than can be imagined. dis-
much like our St. Lawrence. leading banded and prepared to adopt the de-
without rapids and without faUs to fensive. They bad hitherto borne
the very gates of the village of An- their arms in victory through all
daste or Andastogue. There our these regions. But what are they to
warriors arrived after journeying do now? And besides small pox-an
more than one hundred leagues on American pest-had wrought sad ha-
that beautiful river. Camping in the voc in their villages."
most advantageous position they pre- The Dauphin County Archaelogo-
pared to make a general assault plan- ists. in their pamphlet cite!! before.
ning. as Is their wont. to sack the tell of this expedition, which they
Digitized by Coogle
54 ANNALS OF THE BUBQUEHANNOCKS AND
mistakenly ftx as 1663, Instead of the
correct year, 1662, page 41, as fol-
lows: "In April, 1663, the western
cantons raised an army of 800 men
to Invest and storm the Susquehanna
fort. This fort was erected about 20
miles from the mouth of the River,
the enemy embarking on Lake On-
tario, according to the French ac-
count, and then went overland to the
.Susquehannocks. On reaching the
fort however they found It well de-
fended on the river side and on the
land stde with two bastions In Euro-
pean style, with cannon mounted,
connected by a double guard of large
trees. After some skirmishing the
Iroquois resorted to strategy. Tbey
sent a party In to ask for peace and
the Susquehannocks burned them be-
fore their eyes. The force of the Iro-
quois was about 1600 while the Sus-
quehannocks had In their fort only
100 men. On the retreat of the Iro-
quois the Susquehannocks pursued
them with considerable slaughter."
1882-The Sosqoehannocks Now Con-
tend Against War and Small Pox.
On the 20th Feb., 1662, Beekman
writes: "The Senecas and Mlnquas
are still at war. The savages on the
river too are In, this winter as they
did not go on hunting as usual which
causes nearly a stagnation In trade."
(Haz. Annals, p. 330). A month or
two before the last writing the same
writer wrote: "Many of the Mlnquas
(Susquehannocks) died lately by the
small pox. They are nearly besieged
by the Senecas, which caused a de-
cline In our trade with them. I was
informed that the Senecas klIled an-
other savage not far from that place
but a little above It where the Swe-
dish concentration Is made". Haz.
Annals, p. 329. Nov. 27, 1662. Beek-
man writes to Governor Stuyvesant:
"On the 3rd arrived three Busque-
hannock chiefs with their suite. SUp-
posing that they had something to
communicate respecting the late
murders, we requested the presence of
the Swedish commissary. The chiefs
bitterly complained that on our In-
formation and complaints they dis-
covered the murders were committed
by a young Seneca residing among
them. And these Susquehannock
chiefs further say that as long as
the Christians have resided here It
can never be proved that any of the
Susquehannocks have In any manner
Injured or offended them; on the con-
trary they have showed them every
mark of friendship and were always
wllling and cheerfully employed In
reconclUng differences between them
and the other savages. They said
about three years ago one of their
nation was murdered by the Chris-
tians near New Amstel (now New
Castle; see p. 206), which they did
not resent. These Susquehannock
chiefs also expected ere long to their
assistance about 800 Swedish Min-
quas (Pennsylvania Susquehannocks)
of whom about 200 had arrived, 80
that next spring they were resolved
to make war with the Senecas and
go and visit the forest. whereof they
sollclted the Christians to provide
them with ammunition of war when-
ever they paid for it." (Haz. Annals.
pp. 341 and 342). This last state-
ment about the Susquehannocks go-
Ing to make war on the Senecas
simply means that the Susquehan-
nocks had now determined to take
the offensive. so heretofore they were
mainly on the defensive.
1M2-Maryland Again Favors an Act
of Assembly Helping Susqoe-
hannocks.
In Vol. 1 of Maryland Archives. p.
428, it Is set out that In 1662. "Up-
on reading the Act empowering the
Government to aid the Susquehan-
nocks to maintain a war, now explr-
Digitized by Coogle
55
ed it was put to question whether it
was fit to move the lower house to
consent to a new Act empowering
the Governor and Council to raise
forces to maintain a war without the
province for some determinate time,
and it was resolved that the lower
house do agree with the upper house
tn such an Act and that an Act be
passed to encourage soldiers by pen-
sion who shall volunteer and adven-
ture in defense of their country."
I __ The Tide 0' War Is Now Favor.
able to the Susquehannoeks.
takably urgent for peace we doubt.
their sincerity. And so seeing them-
selves within two fingers' breadths
of total destruction-famine and dis-
ease having begun it, the Susquehan-
nocks, Algonquins and other savages
having advanced it, the French inter-
ested In completing it-they pretend
to wish for peace."
1881-The Iroquois Tribes Hake New
Expeditions on Susquehannoeks.
In Vol. 49, Jesuit Relations, p. 153,
as shown from a letter written at
Quebec Sept. 22 "the northern tribes
repeat their southern mllrches." It
is stated that the "Anniehoronnous (a
tribe of Mohawks), the Sonnontoueh-
uonnores (the Huron name for the
Iroquois), are now all situated along
the Great Lake of the Iroquois, call-
ed OntariO, from lIO to 30 leagues in-
land. They are in v1llages and tm
the soil, raising Turkish and Indian
The campaign of 1662 in the Sus-
quehannock-Iroquois war was on the
whole favorable to the Susquehan-
nocks. Especially were the Iroquois
disheartened by the fate of their ex-
pedition down the Susquehanna of
800 warriors, of whom 25 were burn-
ed alive in the Susquehannocks' fort.
Thus one large "branch of the Iro-
quois (the Sonnadauchonnoas) the
farthest nation from the east, ask for
peace with the French in order to corn and wheat. Beyond them far-
make head against the Susquehan- ther southward they have savage ene-
nocks, those savages of New Sweden I mies for BOme time past have been
who are very warlike and better making vigorous war on them-the
than any other to exterminate the nation of the wolves, the aborigines
Iroquois. In order to secure them- alUed with New England and the An-
selves against 80 remarkable an daste (Susquehannocks) with New
enemy they ask the French to come Sweden." In to this latter nation
in large numbers and settle among they have been sending war parties
them, the Iroquois. They also ask for ten years and more. These ex-
for black gowns, so as to appear peditIons are further explained in the
peaceful, etc." See Vol. 49, Jesuit extracts which now follow from Haz.
Relations, p. 141. Annals, pp. 346 and 347.
188S-Jesults HaTe No Faith In Iro. 1888-Attaek of Susquehannoek Fort.
quols Plea for Peace with Them "Hazard sets forth the attack on
and the Susquehannoeks. Susquehannock Fort in 1663 by the
These overtures for peace made by Iroquois from the writings of A.
the Iroquois to the French and Jes- Hudde as follows (Haz. Ann. 346):
uits were looked upon by the latter "Information was received. by one
with suspicion as is set forth in Vol. 49, Harman Reiders residing tn the col-
Jesuit Relations, p. 147, as follows: ony of New Amstel, of the English,
"Some small Iroquois tribes, and in- which he received with request to
deed the great body of them do not communicate to us that the Sencas
love us (the Jesuits) and they have being 1600 strong with wives and
a deadly hatred for the Algonqulns. children were on the march to the
Thus when we see them so unmis-! Minquas; that they were yet two
Digitized by Coogle
days' journey from the Forte of the
Mlnquas. Tbe Mlnquas have about
30 men, who were not yet In besides
a hundred of the savages from the
River who are In the Forte. The
English requested some of the Mln-
quas which they declined, and now
the English seem to favor the Senecas
so that It Is said they had resolved
to send some of the men to meet the
Senecas and conclude with them a
treaty of peace and as the savages on
the river will not always remain at
the fort this may occasion disturb-
ance on the river during the summer.
This was Intended for Wm. Beekman
to communicate with him news of
these parts. "A. Hudde."
1888-Muyland AgaIn Helps the Sus.
quehannoeks wIth Powder and
SuppUes.
In Vol. 3, Maryland Archives, p.
486, under date July 28, it is set out:
1861--Maryland Shows Further Inter.
est In the Susquehannoeks.
Finally Maryland shows further her
alIlance with the Susquehannocks
by sending for them to treat again
which Is set forth in Vol. 3 Md. Arch.
487 as follows: "At a councll held at
Gold-smlth's for pursuing any foreign
enemy. Instructions, etc: You are
forthwith to send to the Susquehan-
nock Indians, to give them notice that
they immediately come down to treat
with you and the rest of the commis-
sioners about the articles of peace
lately confirmed by the Governor to-
gether with their consent and ex-
pectation strictly to insist upon the
article namely that they shall not
approach any English plantation but
according to the tenor of the said
Article of Peace, by stopping a cer-
tain distance away and helloeing."
Later we will notice certaIn small
victories by the Susquehannocks
against the Mohawks and the Sen-
These are in the name of the Hon.
Proprietary ot Maryland to wlIl and
require you to go to the house of
J b CI S
ecas, etc.
aco awson and ymon Carpenter,
and there see delivered to Capt. Civ- 1888-Fatal Susquehannoek Fort Ex
ility and the rest of the Susquehan-
nock Indians 2 barrels of powder-2
pedltlon Humbles the iroquois.
hundred weight lead; and after you The result of the Susquehannocks'
are to go to the house of Nathaniel slaughter of the Iroquois in 1662 had
Ufiey along with said Indians and a very pacifying effect on them for
there press any one of the three guns a time. This is told in Vol. 49 of
and let it be delivered to said Indians the Jesuit Relations p. 137 as follows:
of which guns said Indians are to have "This year a great embassy of Iro-
the choice-all which particular quois met the Jesuit fathers,-the
being for public use, and this your I Algonquins and Hurons, the greatest
authority." In Vol. 1, p. 505, Mary- ever known especially since the War
land Archives, it is said: "The assess- which was now in progress between
ment to pay diet for the expedition the Iroquois, the Hurons, etc. The
to Susquehannocks was 6,380 pounds Iroquois proclaimed that they wished
tobacco." And in Vol. 1, Maryland to unite all the nations of the earth
Archives, pp. 471 and 472, five Sus- and hurl the hatchet so far into the
quehannock chiefs being asked say depth of the earth that it will never
their enemies in all the forts are again be seen in the future. They
about 1,460 men; and that they, the wished to place an entirely new sun
Susquehannocks, are now about 700 in the heavens, leyel all the mountains
fighting men. and remove all the falls in the rivers
Digitized by Coogle
and wished peace. They declared I above the fort of the Susquehannocks
they are coming, men women and and robbed and kllled some of the
children to deliver themselves Into whites. In June, 1664 one of the
the hands of the French. But the Iro- Senecas was captured and 40 of the
quols as we know from 5 years' ex- Susquehannocks who were present at
perlence are haughty and crafty and his trial wanted him burned as a
they never ask peace unless they punishment for his cruelty. In the
have a scheme. same year 100 Seneca warriors came
It seems that they ask this so that to the Chesapeake and kllled several
the French wlll live among them (p. Maryland settlers and some Susque-
141) and surround their vlllages with hannocks they caught hunting. And
palisades as they fear the Andastes or In the summer of that year Maryland
SusquE:hannocks, the savages of New declared war on the Senecas; and the
Sweden who are better able than any Senecas the next year went out on the
other to exterminate the Iroquois and warpath In full force against the
they (the Iroquois dare not longer Susquehannocks. This was In 1665,
go and ask munWons of war from the Lyle' p. 19. About this time the
Dutch. They even begged for black Marylanders and Susquehannocks
gowns to go and convert the Hurons.
Then they came with a white flag la-
ter, but we were not deceived."
16M-Tbe Seneea. SosqoebanDock
War Opens.
The Iroquolq having been badly
frightened by the Susquehannocks,
as we have already shown. In the ex-
pedition of 1662, the Senecas now
sallied forth to retaliate upon theSus-
quehannocks. The Senecas were al-
lied with the Iroquois. They prac-
ticed a guerllla warfare. It began
about 1664 and continued until 1675.
We shall here treat only of the be-
ginning of It. Its later stages ten
years onward brought on Col. Nlnlan
BaeU's expedition against them from
Maryland In 1675. In Johnson's His.
of Cecil Co., p. 61, under date of 1664
he says, "Notice was sent to the Sus-
quehannocks to come and treat with
the commissioners of Baltimore
County, because at this time the Sus-
quehannocks were greatly intimidat-
ed by the Senecas." This was Mary-
land's first olfer to help the Susque-
hannocks against the Senecas. In
Lyle's History of Lancaster County.
It Is stated p. 19, that the Senecas
crossed the Susquehanna many miles
combined and made several expedi-
tions against the Senecas; as the Sen-
ecas now determined to etermlnate
both the Susquehannocks and the
Marylanders. At this pOint we will
leave the Seneca War for the present
and take it up again at Its crucial
stage several years later, In chroIJo-
logical order. Before leaving the
subject of the Seueca's Invasion into
the Susquehanna country we must
note two ~ o r e matters. The first is
Robert Carr's account dated October
13, 1664 in a letter to Col. Nichols, on
the subject of the Senecas coming
down to southeastern Pennsylvania
in Vol. 5 sec. ser. of Pa. Arch., p.
549. He says p. 550, among other
things, "The cause of my not send-
ing all this time to give notice of
our success (He Is writing from the
Delaware) was the falling olf of ye In-
dians from their former civility, they
abusing messengers that travel by
land since our travel here though no
ways incensed by us, but exasperated
by the Dutch and their own Inclina-
tions that 80 of them came from the
other side (near Susquehanna) where
they inhabit and are so strong that
no Christian yet dare venture to
plant on that side which belongs to
Digitized by Coogle
58
the Duke of York. They stayed 3
nights and pretended they came to set-
tle. We beg your endeavors to assist
us in reconciling the Senecas, they
coming and doing violence to ye hea-
then and Christians and leave these
Indians to be blamed for it. In less
than 6 weeks several murders have
been committed and one by these
people (Senecas) upon ye Dutch and
Swedes. This shows the incursions
of the Senecas.
Mombert says p. 123 that in 1664
New Netherlands {ell under the Duke
of York and the English now having
authority over the Dutch a firm al-
liance was formed between the In-
dians and the English. And now
freely supplied with ammunition by
the English In New York, the five
nations make vigorous war against
the Susquehannocks and the tribes on
surpasses everything grown In
Europe and espeCially says that furs
of all sorts may be had of the natives
very reasonably and great prollt to
be derived from tramc with them Who
are naturally a mild people and cap-
able of being drawn out of bUnd
ignorance to the saving light of
Jesus Christ. Alsop's description of
Susquehannocks we will take up In a
future item.
16M-Progress of the Seneca-Sulque.
hannock War.
Lyle's History p .. 9 says, "The IUI-
quehannocks were now at War with
the Senecas, one of the Six N aUonl,
who opposed the Susquehannas and
robbed and killed some of the white
settlers. In June, 1664, one of the
Senecas was captured; and forty SUI-
quehannocks who were present at hll
trial wanted him burned as a punish-
the south generally.
1664 - The Susquehannocks'
Fort at Octararo.
Other men for his cruelty. In June, 1684.
about 100 Senecas came to the Chesa-
peak and killed several Marylander,
Minor Matters. About this time and some Susquehannocks whom theY
says A. L. Guss in his work on In- caught hunting. In June of that
dian History of the lower Susque- year the Maryland colony declared
hanna, the SusquehannoC4
s
had a war on the Senecas, who went on the
fort at the mouth of the Octararo as war path against the Susquehannocks
some of the towns located by Smith I the next year. The Marylanders as
on his map cannot be located where allies of the Susquehannocks sent
he places them (p. 5). Mr. Guss also several expeditions against the Sen-
states that they (Susquehannocks) ecas, who threatened to exterminate
had a town on the Bolus river which both the Susquehannocks and the
is now the Patapsco entering the Bay I Marylanders."
at Baltimore. Also p. 6. He also If16.j-lncldents of tbe SusquehDnnock
says page 11, that the Susquehannock
tribes warred on the Delawares too. I Iroquois II Dr.
Scharf in h!s History of Maryland, In June 1664, a Seneca was cap-
page 94 tells of the fierceness of the tured by the Susquehannocks and
Susquehannocks at this time, but the whites, and on the 7th he was
most of It we have had from other examined before Council. The same
writers more nearly first hand. is reported as follows in Vol. 3,
Under practically this same date, a
glowing description of southeastern
Pennsylvania is set forth In Vol. 5,
Second series of Pa. Arch., p. 447. It
sets forth how evel'Y growing crop
Maryland Archives, p. 498: "Exami-
nation of an Indian prisoner, a
Seneca.-Yesterday when the prison-
er was here there were forty of the
Susquehannocks and two of CiviUty's
Digitized by Coogle
uncles (ClvlUty was a chief of the gave the sign and word and left their
lIuaquehannocks) who made show of guns behind In the fleld." See Vol.
much joy at his being taken, for they 3, Maryland Archives, p. 499.
very well knew him and were sen- Evans apd Ellis' history tells about
alble of his warlike exploits and would this same Incident and other related
have persuaded us to have burnt him matter, p. 12, as follows: "At this
but we certifled It was not our man- period the Susquehannocks were at
ner to torture prisoners; but that war with the Senecas, who crossed
happily he might be sent home to his the river many miles above the Fort
country for "the good of us all. But and penetrated to the head of the
we cannot flnd that the prisoner al- Bay, where they robbed settlers.
leged anything In his behalf and we Several inhabitants were killed and
luggest he take a present to his own in June, 1664, one of the Senecas was
country. Verily too if such a thing captured and at his trial forty of the
were done ClvlUty, in the behalf of Susquehannocks were present, among
the Susquehannocks, would also go whom were two of Captain CivlUty's
and that thereby a peace might be uncles. They wanted the Seneca
procured. And If ClvlUty go with Claw- burned as they kenw his bloodthirsty
son to the Seneca country the Sus- character."
quehannocks, we know, would will- 16M-A Report tbat the Susquehan-
ingly embrace the opportunity of a nocks Hale Defeated tbe Mohawks.
trelLty." This is from a letter signed I flnd it set forth in Vol. 50", Jesuit
by Theo. Stockett, Sam'l Goldsmith Relations, p. 205, that "The Mohawks
and Franc Wright. took flight on hearing the noise of
This Seneca gave the following nar- guns and drums. They learned from
rlLtion, viz. : "That he came to the" some old men who had remained be-
~ o u s e of Mr. G. M. Ball, not with in- hind that quite recently news had
tent to k1ll any Christians, but had come that the army of the Annieronta
brought a present for the Christians (Indian Governor) had been defeated
of forty beavers and several belts of by the Andastae (Susquehannocks).
peace for the Susquehannocks; that Thus we see that the Susquehannocks
they desire peace and friendship (the though they had many reverses up to
Senecas) and that the boy taken and this time (1664) were yet a terror
the men killed at the mill it was the to other tribes. Both their terrible
Cinneka Indians, that did both. He name and reputation of yore and
says if he had been taken by the their exquisite cruelty to their cap-
Susquehannocks he should not have tives helped them to continue to b\l
been put to death by them, and that dreaded.
all the joints of his body and bones 1664 -JlaryJand Again Co-Operates
are belts of peace. He was asked wltb tbe SusQuehonnocks.
how many troop the Senecas had
coming out and he said 200; and ask- In Vol. 1, Maryland Archives, p.
ed why so many were come if for 511, we flnd, "The Upper House show-
peace, and he said nothing but that eth to the Lieutenant General that
their fort did not desire war with the Francis White is by ye order of ye
Christians, and the troops were come House gone on special service for
for revenge of the death of his son the province to the Susquehannock
and flve Indians more that were Fort, that your honors may hear the
burnt by the Susquehannocks. When more true and certain intelligence of
they came to Ball's plantation the) .be enemies, whereon upon conslders-
Digitized by Coogle
60 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS. AND
tlon had of tile results of the defense I "Act to perpetuate certain articles
of the Province against the Incursion made with the Susquehannoclts-To
of the Indians, It Is ordered that the the end that peace and amity with the
original articles of treaty with the Susquehannock Indians according to
Susquehannocks be brought Into the certain articles made with that nation
House and considered tomorrow." may be kept and continued-be It
From this we see that not only the enacted by his Lordship proprietor
Susquehannocks but also the whites and the assent of the General Assem-
were In Immediate fear of the incur-I bly, that the Governor arid the Coun-
slon of the Five Nations into Mary- cil of the province have full power
land and southern Pennsylvania. The to lay a tax not exceeding 6,000
Susquehannocks were considered the I pounds of tobacco per month to be
barrier between the whites and the employed for hyring (hiring) such
savages from the north. In spite of and so many volunteers as can be
all. a few years later the hordes of got upon any emerging occasion as
the north did come down and force the Governor and Council should
the Susquehannocks into Maryland think fit toward the aydinl?; (aiding)
even to the Potomac; and Penn found and assisting the Susquehannock In-
when he came that the Susquehan- dians when desired by them, for con-
nocks were tenants only, and that he tinuing the sald articles and preserv-
had to deal for land with the Five ing peace and amity with them afor.e-
nations of New York who by that said. And further that 6,000 pounds
time owned all the Susquehanna per month of tobacco shall be levied
country. Evans and Ellis in their or ray sed when the volunteers be up-
history of Lancaster county, p. 12, on the service.
tell of the movements which made It And further be It enacted by the au-
necessary for Maryland to act as thority aforesaid that the Lieutenant
above as follows: "In 1664 the Sen- Governor of the province be empow-
ecas again came to Chesapeake and ered by virtue of this Act to purchase
killed several settlers and some Sus-, so many good fixed muskets, ammu-
quehannocks whom they caught nition, swords and belts for the use
hunting. There were 100 warriors in of the public as soon as he can pro-
this raid. In June of the same year cure them, for which he shall be al-
the Marylanders declared war against lowed this present year out of the
the Senecas and put Colonel Lewis general levy by public assessment
Stockett In command. 4,000 pounds of tobacco and caske.
1664. In September of this year the And further be it enacted by the
Assembly of Maryland took into con-' authority aforesaid that in the inter-
side ration the Articles of Peace with im-that is to say till the swords and
the Susquehannock Indians of July muskets be purchased and bought, if
5, 1652, and also the Articles of May necessity require _ the Lieutenant
24, 1661, and both were ordered to General shall have power to press so
be communica,ted to the other branch- many muskets and swords as shall
es of the gO\ ernment for renewal,l b in any part of the prov-
.. V 11M I d A hi I e necessary
~ ~ ~ ' . 0 , aryan rc ves, p. ince for the intents, uses and pur-
16M-Maryland Hakes a New Treaty poses of Act; and that those musk-
01 Peace with the Susquehannocks ets, swords and belts first mentioned
and FormaIly Declares War with the be kept as part of the magazine of
Senecas 01 the Five Nations. I this province. This Act to continue
Digitized by Coogle
61
for yeanc to
next General Assembly." See Mary-
land Archives, Vol. 1, p. 539.
16M-10IT00ryian10 .10gain
Sss0010uehanssmc10s
Seneeas.
About the same time
passtcd the ic}lIc}wing
coun,5f held Jc.me 27tIL %664,
Council taking into consideration the
protection of the province against the
Senssas who kill1,J r00me
1Ish knn
tered St. Mary's and ordered war
there. Now war is to be
agaitst the SOL00SLS and
a hnmlisT,d arm'" length Roan
to be given t00 anyone wllO klHe
Seneca. That all the Kings of Friend
Indians be sent word and all to get
of t301 Fotomaa kill EnglLslc
and Indians. There were 100 more
gone to the head of Chesapeake bay
to kn the Enhli00h anh husquehs,o,
tortursd two
those Susquehannocks."
1666--Susquehannocks Kill Iroqnois
an10 @garry G00K00K to T10c'K00 Natiog,
The 10000rs acHI 00def by
quehannock prowess is told in Vol. 51,
Jesuit Relations, p. 243, to this pur-
port. 10resent00 g00ere by
ambmc00nfior frnm che IrnSlnnis of
nontae, accompanied by the following
speech: "I boast of having ransomed
twenttglx captlggs for French
from those WlKC Kould buroos:1
them. But you have done more for
us. I hope in the clemency of the
French. I hoss'c also tu wipe
readn go ahHI00tt the s:1011tcas--t,'Ks your the that ,',ther
all ufi1.czcrs ato senc} EntelUgtnc;c ner told us had been shed by you in
from time to time to the Governor consequence of the death of Qur
and Council that they keep in corres- who We,H killed bd the Ae,
poncl,em'; anci whereat thHre is (Slusquhl',HllC}cks)."
SenH}S, prisone" Patapc000u who To cmderstLms this }zc00ech
1ges he came to seek peace and must remember that the Five Nations
brought a present intended for us (called by that name sometimes, and
and Sus10PpSlannocllis.ce--fft is somptEmps . the Inc'luois,
dered that the Izdian pent dnmn causp IroquoIe were stronpp,t
to St. Mary's and kept in Irons and of the five constituent nations) were
a letter be written to Stuyvesant to composed of five different tribes or
give tmtEce to Sene,'",'0 tradinu natinmc of whkh. the grHHt ,gead
Fort orange the ltOCiUois propo, and
vrisoner, whom great chief of the Iroquois was the
till we see If they want peace or war Emperor of the whole and from him
and they uot deolj'e, peace the emhzcssador mCio made the
will him that speeecCi 00ame 00onsole subordl
Clawson gave nate tribes who had suffered loss of
hannocks of men from the ravages of the Susque-
ask If han0000030g In dreat DetEmc
Vol. Mar30
l
s
00
d Ar00hlves, p. ceau his t00onplation Campcm
Stuyvesant was Govem00, of Ius gives this interesting statement
York at this time. of the rise of the two leading forces
1664-0cteidas with of thp husquollomlOck-lre,elHois War
Maryland hoE. 3, p.
says .. : "It was Claimed. sixty Oneidas I ferlor to the Algonquins, were driven
wer00 0000me f000 on th" north side out of the valley of the St. Lawrence
62
iInto rr:iIton Nerr YOT'iI, c:r:rture :lrawli irom the mould
where by greater cultivation, valor of earth.
:md :mton tiley iltcamt sUIl:r:rior Tilese Susqu:rhanliIlck Indians are
tile AlttonquiIls CauIlda NIlrIl fot the most p:rrt tin:at wIlrriorr anP
York as the Susquehannocks did over seldom sleep one summer In the quiet
tile tw'l%les N:rn JerrIly, iliIlrylIlmf artnt of a pIlticeahle rert, but wilT
and Virginia." See DePenceau's keep, by their present power, as well
Camp" p. ltd, as by their former conquests, the
1666-Susquehanuocks It"resented
the King of France.
serrral lititioer of Indlwt:is Il,r/runl%
them In a peaceable obedience and
snbjectiIlrL
In Tol. 51, JesnYt RIlTrstionr, p.
one of the Jesuit Fathers writes: "When they desire to go on a de-
r,'on,'l""ur Sal1ares, l,olounl of sian thd will nnd does require con-
French regiment, who after growing sl:kraUaq somq six of gqt Into
qray the erml:r:: of France, where a corner and sit In Juncto; and If
ma<ie bll""seJr very weH hnor/n, thunght l%t, tb:rlr huslnarb Is l""adK:
came over here to take part In the popular and Immediately put into ac-
qlory s01Yjecth3h the roqm:ls. I tkn' U, full stop
those savages he has taken with him to anu "re :mentra resuT::ed.
five of each different tribe and even "The warlike equipage they put
Irom that tha hndalliae thlll""selvqr In nhen they %:vepq:T, for
hannocks) to present them to the Belona's march Is with their faces,
hing. ar'rm: and brnnsts confusedly paint-
George Alsop's Account of the Sus- erf, their hail' xrealltd mith htar't
oyl, and stuck thick with swan fea-
thtts, mtth wrenth oe rTiadel"" of
black and white beads a small hat-
chet Instead of a scimiter stuck in
fUehU%l%focht: abzm0, 1666,
Scharf, In Vol. 1, p. 86. of his His-
tory of Maryland, quotes Alsop as
rnylnbl "Tbnse Knrllanll thai
conversed with, here In this province
Ma:rnland and PennrdlvanYn"
called Susquehannocks being a people
looked upon by the Christian Inhabl-
tants lfS tha mOlLi nohle and herula
nation of Indians that dwell upon the
:y,ntinr:nt of Ameriea; aillo arO so
lowed and looked upon by the rest
of thr: Indians, ba a submissive and
ttibUtlll'y a:lanowI:::zlgmr:nt; hr:ing
people cast into a mold of a most
lr:,rge and warlh,': dr:portment,
men being for the most part seven
feet in latitude and In magnitude and
lmlk :rnftabk: to so high pitdl-thf:lt
voyce large and hollow as ascending
nut of caer:-thr:ir gait end hthavior
straight, stately and majestic, tread-
Ing on the earth with as much pride,
euntemlft and dledaln so tordid
girt brbLnd tllem, Tmd ,:thell
a gun or bow and arrows. In
po,tare aud dress tiley ITfrfrcb
out from their fort or dwelling to
the number of forty In a troop, sing-
InIl or t'Tther bowliflT out the dr:eaderr
or warlike exploits of their ances-
toro ranTing wire woads, unW
their fury has met with an enemy
worthy of their revenge. What prls-
onars f1"::11 into their brndll by thll
tiny of war they treat very civilly
wrlle remain mtth thrm abroad'
but when the once rrturn bomowardo
they then begin to dress them in the
hrfhit of beath, j":uttfnn on titelr hr,ad:r
and arms wreaths of beads, grasp-
inn theil' hair with, fat-rl:me holnll
berore and rest hehlnd, at rqual
distance from the prisoner, bellowing
In stKlmge 1":nd :runfuro%d mk',nner,
center as can be imagined from a which Is a true presage of destruc-
tlon to their then conquered enemy. houses are low and long, bullt with
"In this manner they continued until bark.
they have brought them to their Ber- They are situated at and above the
ken city where they deliver them to head of Chesapeak on a river called
their tormentors, who In cruelty will by their own name Susquehannock.
execute them without judgment of where they remain most of the sum-
law or benefit of clergy. The com- mer. About November they go to
mon and usual death of their prls- remote places In tlle woods to kllI
oners Is to bind them to stakes, mak- deer, bear and elk. There they build
Ing a fire some distance from them- cottages they call wigwams and stay
then one with a sharp knife or filnt three months to get food.
cuts the cutus or outside skin of the "The women are the butchers, the
brow so deep until their nalls or tal- cooks and the tillers of solI. The men
ons can fasten themselves firm and think this below their honor. The men
secure, and then with a rigid jerk kllI the beasts and the women are
disrobe the head of skin and hair at the pack horses to fetch it on their
one pull, leaving the skull bare, and backs; and they dress the kids and
immediately apply hot embers on the get them ready for market.
skull. "I have never observed the women
"While they are at this several to taunt or boss the men. The wives
others are preparing pieces of iron and men b.oth are constant to their
and barrels of old guns which they marrIage. Their marriages are short
make red hot to sear each part and and authentic. When resolved upon
lineament of their bodies which they the women send the intended husband
perform and act in a most cruel a kettle of boiled venison or. bear
manner. And others will cut off meat; and he returns In lieu beaver
flesh of the victim and eat it raw be- or otter skins and the nuptial is con-
fore his eyes. And yet this never cluded without other ceremony."
makes them bring the victim to re-. "They paint upon their faces one
pent. stroke of red, another of green, an-
"Now after this cruelty has brought other of white and another of black
the life to an end they immediately so that when they have accomplished
fall to butchering them into many the equlppage of their countenance
parts and distribute it among the in this trim, they are the only hlero-
sons of war to entomb their de- glyphics and representatives of fur-
ceased victims in no other sepulchre ies. Their skins are naturally white
than their bodies. but altered from their original by
When any depart this life they set the several dyelngs of roots and
him upright upon his breech, in a barks they prepare to metamorphise
hole dug 6 feet long and 31i1 feet deep their hides into a dark cinnamon
and cover it with the bark of trees brown. Their hair is long black and
archwlse, his face due west, leaving harsh, but they pull it up by the
a hole a half foot square open. They root. Several of them wear divers
dress him as a warrior, and give Impressions on their breasts and
him some bows and arrows and tar- arms, as the picture of the devil,
gets, a kettle of' broth and corn be- bears, tigers and panthers which are
fore him. His relations follow him imprinted on theh several lineaments
to the grave clad In bear skins with I with much dlmculty and pain, with
the tall on the ground. They bury an Irrevocable purpose of Its abiding
all within the wall or palllsado. Their there. And this they count a badge
Digitized by Coogle
64 ANNALS OF THE BUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
of hel'oic valor and the only oma- matters shall go with them either
ment due to their heroes. in public or private.
"All that I could ever observe in "They are situated a hundred miles
them as to their government is that and odd from the Christian planta-
he that is most cruelly valorous is tions of Maryland, at the head of the
accounted the most noble. There is river that runs into the Bay of
very seldom any creeping into court- Chesapeake called by their own
ly gallantry. He that fights best car- name (Susquehannock) where they
ries it here. Inhabit most of the summer time,
"As for their religion, together with and seldom remove far from it un-
their rights and ceremonies, they are less it be to subdue any foreign re-
so absurd and ridiculous, that it is bellion. The skins they catch are
almost a sin to name them. They brought down to the English (in
own not other Deity than the Devil Maryland) several times In the year,
(solid or profound) but with a kind to truck and dispose of them for
of wild imagery and imaginary con- coarse blankets, guns, powder, and
jecture, they suppose from their lead, beads, small looking glasses,
groundless conceits that the world knives and razors. The women never
had a Maker, but where he is that by look or action predominate over
made it, or whether he be living to the men. Did they not alter their
this day they know not. The Devil, bodies by their dyeings, paintings
is all the God they own or worship; and cutting theselves, marring those
and that more out of a slavish fear I excellencies that nature bestowed up.;.
than any real reverence to his in- on them, there would be as amiable
fernal or diabolical greatness, he beauties amongst them as any Alex-
forcing theltl to their obedience by and ria could afford when Mark An-
his rough and rigid dealing with tony and Cleopatra dwelt there to-
them often appearng visibly among gether.
them to their terror, bastinadoeing "Their bodies are clothed with no
them, with cruel menaces even unto armor to defend them from the nip-
death and burning their fields of corn ping frost of a benumbing winter or
and houses that the relation there- 'the penetrating and scorching In-
of makes them tremble themselves fiuence of the sun in a hot summer
when they tell of it. than what nature gave them, when
"Once in four years they sacrifice they were born. They go, men, wo-
a child to him In an acknowledgment men and children all naked, except
of their firm obedience to all his de- occasionally." This Is the history
vllish po}Vers and his hellish com- given by Alsop.
mands. The priests to whom they In Dr. Shea's notes to the treatise
apply themselves in matters of Im- p. 117 to p. 124 inclusive he gives
portance and greatest distress are much valuable history (aside from
like those that attend upon the Or- the text) relative to the Susquehan-
acle at Delphos who by their magic nocks.
spells could command a pro or con In note 46 he speaks of the names
from the Devil when they pleased. by which the Susquehannocks are
These Indians oftlmes raise great known and says, "The French In
tempests when they have any Canada-Champlaln and the Jesuit
weighty matter or design in hand Relations, Gendron's Particularltes
and by blustering storms inquire of du Pays des Hurons p. 7 makes fre-
their infernal God-the DeVil-how quent allusions to the Gandastogues
Digitized by Coogle
(more briefly Andastes) a tribe the government, now at this time
friendly to their allies, the Hurons, having lost considerable number of
and sturdy enemies to the Iroquois. men in ranging at the head of Pat-
My researches led me to identify the apsco and the other rivers so to
Susquehannocks, Minquas, Andastes secure the English plantations from
or Gandastogues and Conestogoes as the Senecas; and remonstrating that
being all the same tribe-the flrst the Senecas are resolved to storm
name being given them by Virginia- the Susquehannocks' Fort In August
the second by the Algonqulns on De- next; and that afterwards the Sene-
laware; while Gandastogues as the cas Intend to fall upon the English
French or Conestoga as the English In the province.
wrote it meaning it was their own Whereupon was begun a further
tribal name meaning cabin-pole (na- treaty of peace with the Susquehan-
tio pertlcarum) from Andaste, a nocks, which was concluded as fol-
cabin-pole." loweth:
Dr. Sliea also says In note 53, page Articles of peace and amity con-
123 that Alsop's view of the religion cluded upon by the Hon. Charles
of the Susquehannocks is wrong- Calvert, Esq., governor of the pro-
that they believed In a good Deity. vince of Maryland, on behalf of the
The above is a new derivation of honorable proprietor of said province
"Conestoga" to me, and the method of on one part, and Wastahanda, Harl-
tracing it makes it a very early one.. gnera and Gosweing _ Werakqua,
It seems a very probable one. We all war Captains of the Susquehan-
know, however, of a quite different nock nations, this 29th day of June,
meaning being attached to our River 1666, of the other party:
Conestoga. Which is the parent de- That the Susquehanna Indians
rivation others must decide. shall deliver Wanahodena, that klll-
Alsop was In Maryland from about ed the Englishman at the mill If
1659 to 1655, and he wrote the his- ever he return out of captivity from
tory as soon as h ~ went back to Eng- the Senecas, and for the future that
land. they shall apprehend, secure and de-
1688-Susquehannocks Hake Over- liver up to the governor of this pro-
tures-Peace with Susquehannocks. I vince for the time being any Indian
In Vol. 3, Maryland Archives, p. whatsoever that shall kill any
549, we lind the following: _ "At a Englishman, and that as soon as
Council held at St. John's on the 29th they shall come to know of It, and
June, 1666, came Wastahanda, Harl- be it within their power to appre-
gnera and Gosweing-Werackqua, the
warre captains of the Susquehannock
hend and that without demand made
by the English.
Indians and desired continuance of Secondly: That every Indian that
their league with the right honorable shall hereafter kill any hogg and
proprietor and protesting that they cattle of the EngUsh, and shall there-
were always ready to have dellvered of be convicted shall pay for every
Wanahodena up to the justice of his hog 50 fathoms of ~ p e a k e and for
lordship for murdering the men at every head of any other cattle 100
the mill In Baltimore county and de- fathoms of peake for satisfaction to
siring that the vllliany of one man the owners of every such beast.
may not be imputed to the whole I Thirdly: That all former crimes
nation and requesting assistance of committed by any Indians of the Su-
Digitized by Coogle
06 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHNNOCKS .\ND
quehannock nation shaH be forgot 15th of September next to wit, with
and burled In oblivion, except mur- the said Indians about the peace and
der of any English not' yet dlscov- safety of this province how to pro-
ered. ceed with the Susquehannock assist-
Fourthly: That the King of Poto- ance against any Indians now held
mac and his two sons be by some of and declared enemies to this pro-
the Susquehannock Indians dellver- vince.
ed up prisoners to Major Samuel Commission issued to captain Lleu-
Goldsmith with all convenient speed. tenant Smith dated Sept. 7, 1667 and
In witness whereof the hands and to Daniel Jenlfer. See Vol. 5, Mary-
seals are set 29th June, 1666." land Archives, p. 13.
No comment need be offered upon 188';'-)[ethod of Ral81n.r )[en to
this except to say that the Senecas Help SU8quehannocks.
are now pressing so hard upon the In Vol. 5, Maryland Archives, p.
Susquehannocks that they turn to 21, we find, "At a council February
. Maryland for help. They reDort to 6, at Matapenny, was taken Into con-
the government the impending fate to slderation the speedy rising of a
the old Susquehannock Fort. The certain and considerable number of
treaty Is the result. men to make a march against the
1887-The SU8quehannocks Beg Fur. Indian enemies with all expedition
ther Help from Maryland. possible, for which end It Is order-
At a council at St. Mary's August ed, that every tenth person In every
24, 1667, of Baltimore County, being respective county be raised to go
sent by the Susquehannocks to the on the present march namely, In all
governor and council was called In, 1 410 men out of which number of
who declared that the said Indians men particular warrants Issue to Col.
did request assistance and ammunl- William Evans to raise out of his
tion from the council sumclent to company twenty-three men; Col. John
go against any Indian enemies and Zarboe to raise out of his company
likewise declared enemies of the In- twenty-three men; Daniel Jenlfer to
habitants of this province according raise out of his company twenty-
to one of the Articles of Agreement
made between the SusQuehannock
Indians and the English of Mary-
land:-
It was ordered that so many men
be pressed as the Susquehannocks
shall require to their aide and assist-
ance and that they be sent up forth
. with. Also that a quantity of powder
be delivered unto Mr. Francis
Wright and the said Indians to be
supplied out of the same as the
said Wright shall see requisite and
convenient.
The governor and council both fur-
ther determined to go up into Balti-
more County and there to give the
Susquehannocks a meeting about the
tho ae men; Major Thomas Brook to
raise out of Patuxent River province
forty-nine men and from the Cliffs
forty men; Capt. Wm. Doreman to
raise out of his company fifty-three
men; Wm. Burges to raise 62 men;
Maj. Thomas Ingram out of Kent
14 men; in all 287 men specially
raised. Evans & Ellis History, p .
12, tells about this same project and
concludes by saying. "When Mary-
land agreed to send some troops up
to assist the Susquehannocks as
usual they did not go but left the
Susquehannocks to carryon the war
single handed. Matters grew worse
and worse until the Marylanders be-
came greatly alarmed for their own
safety and they renewed the effort
Digitized by Coogle
67
to raise troops and go and help the 197, I quote the following: "A
Susquehannocks." branch of the Iroquois nation most
1867-The Susquehannock1l Keep the remote from the French, called the
French and Iroquois In Alarm. Upper Iroquois, live here. They
pray to their Gods and also to the
In Vol. 52, Jesuit Relations, p. 155,
real GQd on the subject of war, but
under date of 1667, we read from the French missionaries are preach-
the writings of the Jesuit Fathers of Ing peace to them; and peace will
Canada: "We are In the midst of be .strengthened betwen the Iroquois
continual alarm that the Loups and and Outaoucs; the more so at this
the Andaste. (Susquehannocks) time, when the Iroquois have the na-
cause." This again attests the fact tion of the Loups and that of the
that the Susquehannocks carried Susqllehannocks on their hands and
with them an unusual amount of fear more than ever the arms of
fear-producing quality. France. These Loups are the WOlf.
1887-The Onondagoes Also Fear the tribe of the Algonquins." So it
lllght, Susquehauuocks. seems by this that these savages
In Vol. 52, Jesuit Relations, p. 155, counted prayers to their gods all-
it is said: "In the country of Onon- suMclent, except on the great Iro-
dago, or nation ot mainland, one day quois-Susquehannock war. for which
there was held a notable council on they prayed for help from the Great
the dream of a sick old man. He had Spirit alone.
seen in his sleep in dream a man 11887 - The Iroquols.Susquehannock
only one cubit in height and that War Makes an Opening to Bring
this being showed him some drops of the Gospel to the Iroquois.
blood, falling fom the sky and some In Vol. 52, Jesuit Relations, p. 203,
fell from men who had fingers and Is stated: "Never did the Gospel have
noses cut. Finally he said the little a more auspicious opening In this
man told him that the people were country, and the only thing lacking
treated that. way In heaven and that Is workt:rs. The Iroquois will be de-
all those who. should go there would lighted to continue peace with the
fall Into the hands of the Andastae Outaoucs, having on their hands the
(Susquehannocks). In this they evl- war with the Loups and that with
dently unintentionally pay one com- the Susquehannocks."
pllment to the Susquehannocks they 1888-Some Susquehannocks Go to
did not Intend to--that Is, they seem- the Jesuit Fathers for Rellglo88
ed to think tliey were all in heaven, Instruction.
which is a much better opinion than
we usually have of our dead enemies.
The main thing about the strange
superstition that the Onondagoes
seem to think the Susquehannocks
The Jesuit Fathers say in Vol. 63
of Jesuit Fathers, p. 153, under date
of 1668: The wars of the French and
Iroquois having passed we now see
fulfilled the prophecies of Isaiah. The
will be as warlike and predominat- savages are becoming Christians. A
Ing in the next world as in the pre- mission was erected-a shed of
sent one. boards. They come every year to
1887-The iroquois Pra, to Their worship, like what happened at Jeru-
Gods to Help Them In War salem when the church was formed.
Against the Susquehannoeks. In the companies of savages there
From Vol. 52 of Jesuit Relations p. were men of dU'lerent languages--one
Digitized by Coogle
68
of the Chat nation, one of the Hu- 1869-Tbe SU8quebanDoeks Still tbe-
rons, some were Iroquois, and some Terror of the Iroquol8 TrIbes.
of the Andastogoe (Susquehannocks) To show what a specter the Sus-
even from their far country." There quehannocks were to other tribes
were likely not many of the Susque- and how the supersltion of the other
hannocks, however. as that nation tribes was centered upon real and
was still at war with the Iroquois. Imaginary horrors connected with
1869-Cruel Torture of Two Susque- the Susquehannocks I cite the follow-
banuocks bv Ononda!roes and Ing under date of 1669: "A girl of
and Otbers. sixteen (Indian girl of the northern
The following cruelty Is set forth tribes, Iroquois, etc.) having gone in-
as having been committed the year to the woods and spent two nights
1669: "Nov. 27th two elders' from there, her relations were In anxiety.
Onnontago bring news of the return The jugglers were called to learn
of the warriors with nine Andasto- from them what had become of her.
gue (Susquehannock) captives that They put sorcery Into operation to
were surprised while hunting. Two learn news of her. The first thing
of them were given to Onnlerout (the they did was to leap and dance and
Indian Governor)-a young man of 20 shake their limbs and get full of
and a woman. This woman was bap-I perspiration. Then they beat with
tized at Onnondague by Father Millet. sticks a tortoise drum, they sing and
The 30th they began to burn her shout and consult and question their
over a slow fire and prolonged her demon who never answers. Then
torture for the space of two days and they boldly declare that she had been
two nights because he for whom she killed by three Susquehannocks who
was given In exchange was burned had scalped her, cutting the scalp the
at Andastogue (Susquehanna) for size of a small circle. which they
that length of time. Feb. 1st the traced with their fingers on a piece
priest Instructed the young man who of bark, and that she had died pre-
was taken prisoner, and he listen- cisely at sunrise. Her relations and
ed willingly as he was condemned all the vlllage became filled with
to be burned. He baptized him. On weeping. But scarcely had the jug-
the following morning says the glers left the cabin when the girl
priest, I went back and found him came in well and alive." This Is
very well prepared for God. They taken from Vol. 53, of the Jesuit Re-
finished burning him and I saw him lations, pp. 291 and 293, and shows
render up his soul to God. I was well how the Susquehannocks were
told that he called for me the pre- regarded by the savages of the north.
vious evening in the midst of the 186D--Susquebannocks Borrow Eng-
fiames; but he was refused the con- Usb Boats.
solation I might have given him." In Vol. 2. Maryland Archives, pp.
See Vol. 53, Jesuit Relations, pp. 253 196, and 197, It is stated that "'fhe
and 255. These tales of cruelty seem Kings of the Eastern shore ask per-
Incredible at this time. Another mission and a boat to go up to the
striking thing Is that the clvlllzed Susquehannocks, because canoes are
people-the Jesuits who were among so dangerous and the same Is allow-
the Iroquois and Onondagoes- ed by council."
should have allowed this torture to I 1670-PIscutawuy Emperor Visits the
be Inftlcted. I Susquebannocks.
Digitized by Coogle
In Vol. 5, Maryland Archives, p.1 tions for the sacraments. I notice
65" it Is stated, "The Plscataways by an admirable respect for the pas-
petition desire to revive the peace tors; and among these savages a
between the PIscataways and the Eng- charity and union exceeding all for-
lIsh and they state that their emperor mer conception, especially In view of
is now with the Susquehannocks the fact that they are all people gath-
making advancements toward peace ered from different countrles--Hu-
also." rons, members from the neutral na-
1870-Hore Sorcery Involving the tlon, Iroquois, people from the Andas-
Susquebannocks. togue (Susquehannocks), from New
From the Mission at St. Francis Sweden, etc., and all of the different
Xavier at Onnierout, which Is the Iroquois nations, either natives of
second natlc.m of Iroquois as you go that country or dwellers there as
toward their great lake, Ontario. Jan. prisoners of war." The activity of
10, 1670, the Fathers write: "The the Jesuits thus Is amply attested,
Devil, seeing the fruits of our Ins- and their Influence widespread, since
tructlcns and spiritual teachings, has It was able to reach our Indians on
Incited a woman of this village (Iro- the Susquehanna river.
quols) to Interrupt them. It ap- 1870-Susquehanna }'ort and Its
pears that she has seen the great Locality at Tbls Date-Hary-
god of the Iroquois, who has reveal- land Hap.
ed to her, she says, that the Susque- A map dated 1670 In the Maryland
hannocks will come to beseige this Building at the Jamestown Exposl-
village in the spring and that one tlon gives the following: "The great
of their most powerful enemies, Hoch- Susquehanna run'!! up northerly 200
itagete (The Susquehannock Great miles to the Senecas with divers
Chief), wlll be captured and burned branches on both sldes--to the east
by the Onledas (allied with the 11'0- and to the west-full of falls and
quols). She asserts that the voice I Isles until about ten or twelve miles
of that Susquehannock was heard; above the Susquehanna Fort, and
that from the bottom of a kettle he then It runs clear. Downwards It is
uttered walling cries, like the cries not navigable but with great danger.
of those who are being burned. This But It Is navigable with Indian
woman, mad or possessed, is beUev- canoes. The present Indian Fort Is
ed In all she says. Every day there on the west side opposite the mouth
Is a gathering at her house, where of a creek called Oustego, (which Is
there is nothing but dancing, singing now the Conestoga); the next creek
and feasting." See this In Vol. 53, below that on the east Is named
Jesuit Relations, p. 253. Oquandry (Pequea), the next Ork-
18iO-Susquehannocks Go to tbe Jes. tara, and the next Northeast creek.
ufts for Religious Instruction. 1871-Treaty Between the English
In Vol. 55, of the Jesuit Relations, and Indians of Soutbeasteru
p. 33, may be found the following: Pennsylvania.
"Xavier des Praiz had a residence Pages 390 to 392 of Hazard's An-
sixty leagues from Quebec, and near nals of Pennsylvania, will be found
Montreal. This Is a resting place for a treaty between Deputy Governor
missionaries both from the Iroquois Lovelace and the southeastern In-
and the Upper Algonquins. The dlans of Pennsylvania in which It Is
savages resort hither from all sec- set out concerning the Susquehan-
Digitized by Coogle
70 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCK AND
nocks at p. 392 as follows: "That the I pursued them with such speed that
omcers and magistrates at Delaware I they overtook and routed them, eight
be hereby empowered and authorized of our men being killed in their
to treat with the neighbor Indians canoes, while 16 cr 16 returned bad-
of the Susquehanna or others to join IIY wounded by arrows and knives or
together against the murderers of ,half killed by hachet strokes. The
this section and such as shall harbor I battle field remained in possession of
them or take their part if occasion the Andastogue(Susquehannock) boys
shall require and to promise such with a loss, It is said, of 16 or 16 of
reward as they shall thTnk fit pro- them. God preserves the Andastogue
vided it be done with great privacy (Susquehannocks), who count but
and cautlon so that no sudden jea- 300 warriors; and favors their arms
lousles be given to the persons in- In order to humble the Iroquois and
tended to be presented to their con- maintain the peace of 0111' mission."
federates." A similar account of this is also
1871-1Iap of Pennsylvania and tbe found In "Relations de la Neuvllle
Susquebannocks at This Date. ,France" for the year 1672, p. 24, a
In the Hlsto Buildln t the E _I French work which account says
ry g a x that the forty Cayugas went by water
position under date of 1671 there was and the twenty Senecas by land to
a map of southeastern Pennsylvania attack the Susquehannocks; and that
Including Chesapeake bay and Sus- the oldest of the sixty Susquehannock
quehanna river, and on it Smith's boys who met and defeated them was
Falls are marked about ten miles not over sixteen years.
from the mouth of the river; and .
next above it on the east side a This Interesting note throws much
short distance above the mouth of light upon the warlike nature of the
" , I Susquehannocks, and shows how
Conestoga creek Susquehannough ' I early their boys were proficient with
town. and on the west the town of I all the weapons of war. The first
Attock; and about fifty miles up the attack must have occurred In Manor
river the town marked "Minquas," township. and the second attack on
and 200 miles farther the Senecas. the riYer Itself in canoes perhaps
1871 - The Susquehannock Boys near Harrisburg. There can be no
Flgbt and Deleat a Party 01 doubt of who won the victory, be-
Cayugas. cause the Jesuit Fathers believed In
In Vol. 66. Jesuit Relations, p. 67, the prowess of the Iroquois tribes.
this account is given: "On Ascension An interesting fact is that the Sus-
Day this year twenty Tsonnontouans quehannock men were not about
(Senecas) and forty of the haughtiest their grounds. They were likely oft'
of the Cayuga young men set out fighting the Iroquois In the general
from this (Cayuga) village to go and war.
strike a blow in the fields of the An- 1871-A Tax to Furnlsb the Susque.
dastogue (Susquehannocks), 4 days' bannocks Powder.
journey from hence. They were attack-
ed by sixty Andastogue (Susquehan- In Vol. 2, Maryland Archives, p.
nock) boys, 16 or 16 years old, and 339. It is stated that, "Five Thousand
put to filght with the loss of two of pounds of tobacco be levied for the
their number. These young victors, purpose of furnishing and providing
learning that the band had gone by powder for the use of the Susquehan-
canoe, promptly took canoes and nocks for their defense.
Digitized by Coogle
71
All these Items show that at this
time the Marylanders and the Sus-
quehannocks were firm friends, and
were mutually interested In resisting
the Senecas. How sadly the situation
changed In three years we shall soon
see.
1672-Tbe Iroquois TrJ to Gain AI
lies to Help Flgbt Susquebannocks.
In Vol. 57, Jesuit Relations, pp. 23
and 26, It is stated from a letter from
Father Brugas to the Governor from
the largest Mohawk village that "The
Seneca Iroquois have brought twenty
peace presents to the savages of that
neighborhood. The Iroquois obey
the Governor as their common father
and they say they have only gifts of
peace. There is no doubt that they
are only using the bait either for the
sake of their commerce at the solici-
tation of the Dutch or to beguile the
Ottawas Into a renewal of war if they
succeed with the Susquehannocks,
who are the only enemy that the Iro-
quois now have on hand." Thus It
is evident the Iroquols-Susquehan-
nock war was still going on as this
account says it was.
1672-Tbree Susquebannoeks Captur.
ed In War and Burned to Death.
Susquehanna river. Wbat we have al-
ready written shows the amount of
cruelty, butchery, slaughter and hor-
rid retaliation which characterized
the warfare of these savages, a great
deal of which occurred right here in
what is now our county.
1672-More Susquehannocks Tortured
-Cruelty of Indian Torture.
The Jesuit Fathers tell us, "Two
Andastogues (Susquehannocks) were
captured by the Iroquois. They re-
ceived baptism immediately before
the red hot Irons were applied to
them. One of them who was burned
during the night in the cabin from
his feet to his knees prayed again to
God with me on the following day
while tied to the stake. The patience
of these poor victims is admirable;
but one cannot contemplate without
a feeling of horror the sight of their
roasting flesh and of men who de-
vour It like famished dogs. One day
when I was passing near the spot
where the body of one of these roast-
ed vlctiins was being cut to p l e ~ e s I
could not help drawing near and in-
veighing against such brutallty. I saw
one of these cannibals who asked for
a knife wherewith to cut off an arm.
I opposed him and threatened him
From Vol. 68, Jesuit Relations, p. that God would punish him. He re-
227, It is stated: "Three Andastae lated as his reason for doing so that
(Susquehannocks) were captured In he was Invited to a feast commanded
war. The Jesuit Father instructed by a dream at which they were to
them before they were burned. Sev- eat nothing but human flesh to be
eTal from the same country escaped I brought by those who wanted to eat
after some months of captivity; and It. Two days afterwards God per-
they told of the great charity that mitted that his wife should fall into
those who wore the black gowns had the hands of the Andastogue (Sus-
for them as well as for the Iroquois quehannocks) who revenged them-
and for all the people." The great selves upon her person for the cruel-
Iroquols-Susquehannock war is now t f h h b d S V I 67 J
i its I ha i b d Y 0 er us an. ee 0 , es.
near ng c ose, v ng een wage ReI p 169 and 171
since about 1662. Three years more . p . .
will see the Susquehannocks entire- 1672-lroquols Fear a Susquehannock
Iy defeated and driven to their new Invasion and Invoke Tbelr Jngglers
home on the Potomac, more than a One of the Jesuit Fathers gives us
hundred miles from their old one on this relation: "I had the aMiction to
Digitized by Coogle
AAAALS TH742 SUS74gITEHAAAOCK74 AND
see a noted juggler die in his in- is told though somewhat briefer in
fkl,:llty; but hL15 presumptioll and AdatloIl15 de NeuIl511,: Frililee for
pride rendered him unworthy of 174742 p. as IuHows, faicCnUs
grace and baptism. He was held in dicine man of Oneida appeared after
une15ual 15rneratlne amonu thn iro- bnath orde, his bobh to taken
quois and so his shade still seems up and be leterred tht 1c'ail
baleful to Christianity. An elder re- the Susquehannocks as the only
contly cnnIlnked the trI?::o an::: an- meanS savlen that canton from
nounced to it that this juggler had l'uln." hee alno 5174<:a's nnte No,
appeared to him In a dream and re- 46 to Alsop's Maryland.
goc':::ng Wml, a tec'c'iFlle :':uples- i1i2-'bbo
sion had bidden him to bear worh to PHnned be
the elders that they were Irredeem- In Relations de la Neuville France,
abld loss, and ths Susqcc:&Pan- nt::2,T:,7, thnt at time
nocbs wuu1:i come the nnxt lr:eing the great Susquehannock War ChieI
without fail to beselge the village Hotchitagete or Barefoot was much
and burn nnd all Ilsho re:sl15ted :, '" d th' ' d i
S:SSlre e moquOis an lav nn
howener wishsd to
woman and a eeafty medic1ncs mall
avoid these disasters they must be- deluded the Iroquois with promises
mnne the dead Jngglec"j bodd reom captns'e him gnd egncute IsEm
t1:n spot where wag huried and stahe."
carry it out along the road leading 47.
to the Sugquehe,nnock esmntry, He
snIsE that shl:n would be :ur_
ih78
- 'l'lise Ohlnh
ther cause for alarm, since as he Wn1 Belon,c rhe of the
(thn dead juggk:r) had overcome the Iroquois.
Cottsmon nnemy the nntlons dUling In Veer 59, the RnL 27:1
his lifetime, he was still pursuing we find, "Since the honnonloualee
him after death, and his body on (Huron name for Iroquois) have ut-
being tr:cmeierre:l to the 1'clace deslg- tetly rnfnated tie Atldeste rdusqufc
nated would not fail to Inspire terror7mnnoscr13) theIl ij,nci:cns and mnst
in the hearts of all who should ven- doubtable foe their insolence knows
to npproaclt the vft1ege. bounde, anif they sdk o: nothlnd
Though the ground was covered e:::t remcming Wnr agalmss Our
with snow they failed not to execute allies and even against the French
tu tl1e lrttscr thr nrder they re- rnd of benlnnlnd by t1:n desteuetion
celved, bearing the dead body out Purt ColurokouL I do not know whu,t
along the road to Gandastogue (Sus- place Is meant by the name last given.
qunrannusclf countlO) and Lhere erect- ,'rom Item It seums prestn oer'
ing to it the finest mausoleum to be tefn the Il'l:quoEs the
seen among these barbarians. After subjugation of the Susquehannocks
a17 es thle Lnaw: mas found out tei be 15hout yeul 1672, Howeler not
a fil:r wt51,: allee, he prneed less eontent mlth deieatinpi them, one
untrustworthy after his death, two the tribes of the Iroquol& confeder-
women haelng nceently been fclPLned al:y, mm1ely, the Stnocas, kupt Ol:
bb those Ilery duccquehcsliIiockcs with- drlvlnb the 17u8quehancsockg
in fifty paces of the palisades ward until about 1674 or 1675 they
sUir'oundlnp the vmag8," S815 Jes. hgd drhctn th15l1i entiruld off tho Sus-
Vol, b6, p, Thn samn storY1:uehancsl: Rivcsl down to th15
mac where they were located when I covered of." It is strange the Mary-
the deplorable and unjustifiable I land Archives make no notice of this
slaughter of five of their chiefs took great f e ~ t by Col. Bell. I believe' it
place in an expedition led by Col. I was exaggerated.
John Washington, grandfather of 1674 - Maryland Acknowledges tbe
George Washington, and Major Tru- FITe NatIons (Senecas) Have Sus-
man, which we shall notice at large jugated tbe Susquebannocks-][akes
In Its turn. Peace wltb tbe Senecas and Fears
1671-Tbe FInal Stages of Conquest as a Result War wltb tbe Snsque-
Near Susquebanna R l T e ~ banDOckL
Lewis Evans In his "Analysis" In In Vol. 2, of Maryland Archives, p.
his historical and political essays 378, under the date of 1674, It Is set
printed by Ben. Branklln 1755 page out: "In pursuance of a vote for
14, says "the Susquehannocks after a peace with the Cynicas (Senecas)
great defeat by the Marylanders were passed at a conference of both
easily exterminated by the Confeder- Houses which this government made
ates (Iroquois confederacy). So those with said Senecas; and for as much
nations which are now on Sus- as the said 'peace may bring on a war
quehana are only such as the con- with the Susquehannocks, - this
federates allotted that river, for. viz. House, for the security of the pro-
the Nanticokes from the eastern vince, do vote that an Act of Assem-
Shore of Maryland,-Tuteloes from bly be drawn up to empower the gov-
the Meherln River in Virginia, and ernor and council to make a war (up-
the Delawares under which we in- on the Susquehannocks if necessary)
clude the 'Minnesinks and the Mandes by an equal assessment upon the
or Salem' Indians." Thus the In-I persons and estate of the said pro-
dians who came to the Susquehanna vince."
River after the ancient susquehan-l We shall see that a desultory war
nocks were driven out were of sev- between Maryland and Susquehan-
eral tribes' and have been called beg- nocks did soon begin, and was kept
gar Indians. Many of the Senecas I up three or four years, as the Sus-
and indeed several Indians of two or quehannocks felt very bitter toward
three more of the Five Nations' tribes I Maryland for recognizing the Senecas
came to the Susquehanna-and the I as victors. The friendship of the
general mixture became the Cones- Susquehannocks was now turned to
togas later. However quite a few of I hatred, and they retaliated by way
the Susquehannocks got back too, of murders and depredations.
later. 1870 -AtUtude or Susquehannocks
Lewis Evans, p. 12, also tells us and Iroquois Now.
that "though they (the Five Nations) Something of the situation at this
gave the finishing stroke to the ex- time is shown in a letter dated Oct.
termination of the Susquehannocks, 21, 1675, by Gov. Ed. Andros to the
Bell in the service of Maryland at the Governor of Maryland found in Vol.
Fort whose remains are still stand- 5, second series, Pennsylvania' Arch.
ing on the east side of the Sus que- p. 676, in which he says among other
hanna about three miles below things: "I now give you an account
Wright's Ferry, by the defeat of of my engaging the Macques and Se-
many hundreds gave them a blow necas not anyways to injure any of
they (The Five Nations) never re- the Christians to the eastward, and
Digitized by Coogle
74 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCK AND
particularly in parts southward, your
pl!ort;, In their warres with the Sus-
quehannocks; but others apprehend It
will be diftlcult to restrain especially
the young men. I endeavored to be
Informed relating to that war, and
found the Susquehannocks being re-
ported by the Macques,that they might
be brought to some peace again,
though, I still find the Senecas to be
wholly averse to it, desiring their
extermination. But hearing now of
Indian troubles which has occasion-
ed raising forces in your parts I send
you an express; and if the trouble
be by the Macques or E\enecas, I of-
fer you my services. If you think
good J would desire some from the
Susquehannocks to come to me so
that I may order matters accord-
only remains firm the Macques,' and
by them the Senecas." Vol. 6, sec-
ond series, Penna.. Archives, p. 678.
This letter sets out the reputation
of the Susquehannocks of being
friends of the Christians. While
they were warlike and revengful,
their honor, It seems, was to be de-
pended on. A new thought as to them
Is thrown out in the statment that
they are otrsl)rings of the Macques.
This brings to our minds for compari-
son what we said In the opening
chapter of these "Annals," quoting
from Gordon. that the Susquehan-
nocks came from the Wolf tribe of
the Lenape.
1671; - SU8quehanlloeks Drhen From
the SU8quehanna RiTer.
Ingly." This subject I have noticed above
According to this the Susquehan- and simply set It down again for the
nocks, now being beaten in war, the sake of making It prominent, as It
Senecas wish to exterminate them. I ushers in the final stand of the Sus-
The trouble the New York Governor quehannocks. See Scharf's History
refers to Is that of the depredations of Marylanc:'., p. 189, and Lyle's Hls-
now going on about the Susquehanna tory of Lancaster County, p. 19. At
river, done no doubt by both the Sen- this disastrous period also the Sus-
ecas who now hold the country, and quehanno(;ks joined themselves to
also by the Susquehannocks, who the Plscataways, l\ weak tribe which
now llve further south, but maraude twenty years before they looked up-
into their old country (many murders on with contempt. See Indian HIs-
being committed, and each of these tory of Lower Susquehanna by Dau-
two Indian tribes blaming all the phln County Historical Society, p. 42.
murders on the other). 167i-The Efieet of the Fall of the
To this letter the governor of SU8quehannoek8.
Maryland replied; and Dec. 10 of the In Vol. 60, Jesuit Relations, p. 173,
same year the New York governor the following is given as the result
wrote another letter to the Maryland of the defeat of the Susquehannocks,
governor, among other things saying: upon the Iroquois: "Since the Iro-
"J am sorry the Susquehannocks quols have at last succeeded in ex-
were concerned (in the depredations) terminating the Andaste (Susquehan-
having always had the repute of nocks), who had held out against
being perfect friends to the Chrls- them for over twenty years, they
tians, particularly Maryland, and have become so Insolent that they,
being offspring of the Macques,though talk only of breakng the missionaries'
by the Senecas engaged in war, and heads by way of beginning hostilities.
the Indians to the eastward. All In- Drunkenness, which prevails amongst
dians are now enemies of us. There them to a horrible extent, adds to it
Digitized by Coogle
75
and makes them brazen enough to
attempt anything."
1870 - Tlte Susquehannocks' New
HGme on the Potomae.
The Iroquois, assisted by the other
tribes of the Five Nations, having
about 1652 begun the great war on
the Susquehannocks and carried it
along about fifteen years or lesll, un-
til about 1664 they were dishearten-
ed by their unsuccessful attempts on
Susquehannock Fort, with the disas-
trous results before noticed; and
they about that date being supersed-
ed in command by the Senecas as
leaders of the Five Nations, which
Senecas, carrying on the war, assist-
ed by the other tribes of the Five
Nations until 1675, utterly defeated
them (the Susquehannocks); they
were now driven from the Susque-
hanna river to a deserted fort on the
Potomac,gradually having been press-
ed and driven southward, and their
numbers having dwindled down to
300 by war and small-pox. This fate
was sad enough, but as we shall show
in later items a worse fate awaited
We shall now proceed to this sad
chapter.
1670 - The Susquehannocks Seek
Peare and ProteetlGn In Their New
Home - Action of the Government
of Maryland.
The Susquehannocks, being over-
come by the Senecas and their north-
ern allies, are now further torment-
ed and harassed by marauding part-
Ies of their enemies, and In their des-
peration they turn to Maryland for
a place to live under the protection
of that government. Their old home
and lands are infested with the vic-
tors. Volume 2 of Maryland Archives
p. 428 sets out: "Some of the great
m,en of Susqut<hannough were this
day admitted (Feb. 19) to the Upper
House and asked what part of the
provin(,e should be nllotted for them
to live upon; but before this House
answers, they desire to know the
opinion of the Lower HOllse."
In the Lower House, "The opinion
of this House is that should the Sus-
quehannock Indians be permitted to
live among the respective tribes of
the remnant that were left. So much friendly Indians, this year it may
murdering of whiteS now occurred in be of dangerous consequence to the
Maryland and the victorious Senecas
so well succeeded 'In making the province:
people believe the Susquohannocks (1) That their being among them
were doing all of it (while in truth it may corrupt our Indians and mould
was done by the crafty Senecas, and them so to their own future designs,
blamed on the Susquehannocks for as wlll prove detrimental to this pro-
political effect), that Maryland decreed I vince.
the Susquehannocks must move (2) This House hath reason to
up to the head of the Potomac, about suspect that the design of the Sus-
100 miles farther back Into the coun- quehannocks coming among the Eng-
try; and before the poor savages had Ush and claiming protection may be
time t ~ do that Maryland and Vir- out of a design purposely to discover
ginia combined and made a cowardly the strength of the province and the
attack upon them, precipitating a advantage they may take for the fut-
campaign of war and siege which ure and wlll be dangerous.
ended in about two years in dlsslpat- (3) We have reason to suspect
ing them so that those who were not that the Susquehannocks and Senecas
killed were divided into small parties have private correspondence together
and were absorbed In other tribes. notwithstanding the seeming war be-
Digitized by Coogle
76
tween them which may be dangerous bly. page 462. of the same volume of
to the province should they be per- Maryland Archives. "An act for rays-
mltted amoBg our neighbor Indians. Ing a supply for the govjlrnor and
(4) If they are absolute enemies captain general to defray the charges
of thE: Senecas yet It will so exaspe- of making peace with the Senecas
rate the Senecas for us to entertain and war with the Susquehannocks."
them that should a war this ensuing Truly the Susquehannocks were
year happen between the Senecas and now In a pitiable plight. They were
them. the whole province must In whipped by the Senecas and other
general suffer. and therefore this I northern confederates of the Five
House Is of the opinion It will not be Nations; they were harassed and
safe for the government to appoint a driven by them on toward the Poto-
place for them above the falls of mac; they were suspected by the
Potomac there being time ~ n o u g h to I Marylanders. and not allowed to In-
clean ground enough to plant corn habit among other tribes of friendly
this year. which Is the only thing Indians. for fear of stirring them up
they seem to desire to live among against the government; they were
the neighbor Indians for." blamed for all the murders commft-
And page 429 It is stated "The ted by the Senecas and finally they
same day the Upper House ordered were ordered by the government to
that Harignera. the Great Man of go up the Potomac. away from the
the Susquehannocks. should be in- English.
formed that when he was at Mata- 167i-Tbe Act of Assembly DeclarIng
paine with the governor he told him War on the Susquehannocks.
he would be content if the English The above cited Act is as follows:
would let him and the Susquehan- "An acte for Rayslng a Supply to
nocks live at the falls of the Poto- defray Charges of Making Peace with
mac-that the governor has moved the Cynegoes (Senecas) and Making
the Assembly to let them live above War with the Susquehannocks and
the falls, and the governor was wil- Their Confederates if Occasion Re-
ling they should move above the falls.
but not to plant corn any nearer the
English as they and the English
might fall out and fight. In answer
after seme tedious debate the Sus-
quehannocks signify to the governor
that they would be willing to condes-
cend to move to the head of the Po-
tomac."
quires."
"The two Houses of Assembly hav-
ing received certain credible in-
formation of the many outrages and
murders committed upon the persons
and states of divers good people of
this province in Baltimore county by
the Susquehannock Indians and other
their confederates by them counte-
This serves to show In what an nanced and protected contrary to
attitude the Marylanders, especially the articles of peace of your Lord-
the Assembly held themselves toward ship's council have agreed and con-
the Susquehannocks. All these steps eluded upun certain measures. upon
tende!! toward one goal-that is to- which a war is likely to ensue and
ward war on the Susquehannocks by it being also concluded that it may
Maryland.Thls soon was the ripe fruit' be of great benefit and advantage to
that the condition bore, as is shown the interests of the province to make
by the following extract from the pe:1ce with the Cynegoes (Senecas)
proceedings of the Maryland Assem- for the defraying of the expenses of
Digitized by Coogle
77
such warre or peace if it shall seem
necessary to the captain general and
council to make such warre or peace
do pray it may be enacted:
Accordingly Thos. Dent Is dispatch-
ed away to Colonel Washington and
Major Allerton with the following
letter:
"You are to march to the north side
of Piscataway Creek, where you shall
advise upon the ways and means to
prosecute the war against the Doegs
and the Susquehannock Indians till
the murderers are delivered and all
passlble satisfaction obtained for
damages done." (At this time" there
were 6,610 taxables In Maryland).
See same book and page.
About the same time an additional
force was raised to go against the
Susquehannocks, which Is set forth
p. 56 of the same book. "It Is or-
And be it enacted, etc., that there
be levied and ray sed this present
year the sum of flfty thousand pounds
of tobacco by an equal assessment
upon the persons and estates of the
inhabitants of the . province to be
paid to his excellency, Charles Cal-
vert, Esq., captain general of this
province to be by him disposed of as
he and his councll thlnk meet, for
and towards the defraying of all
such charges and expenses as shall
be laid out and expended In and
about the carrying on or making any
warre or peace with the Susliluehan-
nocks or any of their confederates dered that a party of 30 men be rais-.
or with the Senecas if the council ed-15 out of St. Mary's and 15 out
and governor think expedient to 10f St. Charles under Capt. Douglass
make such warre or peace this pre- and Sly to range the woods about
sent year." See same, 2 Md. Arch. Piscataway and the Susquehannock
pp. 462 and 463. Fort to take up all such horses as
167ii--The Maryland Government
OpeDs Hostilities Upon the Susque-
hannocks.
In Vol. 15, p. 48 of the Maryland
Archives, it is set out, "It is ordered
that a regiment of horse consisting
offlve troops of flfty men In troop be
forthwith raysed and fitted with suf-
flclent horse and arms and ammllnl-
titlon for the expeditions march
against the barbarous enemy and to
assist the Virginia forces now pre-
paring to pursue their enemies the
Susquehannock Indians, and demand-
ing delivery of those Jntl.1ans which
lately committed the murders on his
Majesty's subjects In Virginia; and
it is further ordered that the said
Susquehannock Indians be forthwith
forced off from the place where they
now are to remove themselves to
the place they assured the last as-
sembly they would go and seat them-
selves.
they shall flnd were lost by the sol-
diers in the late expedition against
the Susquehannock Indians." And
page 58 It is stated: "The governor
and council have taken into consid-
eration the disbursements for pro-
visions and other charges relating
to the late Indian war with the Sus-
quehannocks that the same be levied
this year and be taken Into considera-
tion."
Thus from these Items we see th'lre
was an expedition against the Sus-
quehannocks by Maryland, and that
in it many horses were lost of the
250 that set out and the expense of
the late war was now a subject of
governmental concern for Maryland.
The particulars of thisexpedlUon
and the disreputable action of the
whites In the same against the de-
fenseless chiefs of the Susquehan-
nocks, and the impeachment proceed-
Ings against the leaders of the expe-
dition by the Maryland authorities
Digitized by Coogle
we will next take up and In doing 80
reveal a disgraceful page In colonial
Indian polfcy.
1871)...-Vlrginla Asks J[al'Jland te .loIn
Her In An Expedition Against
the SusquehannoekL
On Sept. 6, 1675 Col. John Washing-
majesty's subjects. Ordered that Maj.
Thomas Truman be commander of
the expedition." See 15 Md. Arch. 49.
187i--The Mattawomen Indians .lolo
the Expedition lind Help MOl'Jland
and Virginia Against Sus
quehannoekL
ton, a great grandfather of George This Is set forth In 15 Md. Arch. 57
Washlngton,together with Isaac Aller- as follows, "The Council, taking Into
ton sends a letter to Maryland stating, consideration the merits of the King
that on Sunday the 5th Inst. orders of the Mattawomen, namely that he
were received from the governor of came first unto Major Truman vol un-
Virginia to summon the mllltia on tarlly and offered all his men to
the north side of the Rappahannock serve us against the Sl1squehannocks
and south of the Potomac, to make and his women and children as
an Inquisition Into the murders and hostages and that he continued all
spoyl done by the Indians and ascer- the time of the War with the Eng-
taln by what nations done and to de- lUsh and In pursuit of the enemy, do
mand satisfaction and proceed to war I humbly desire the government con-
If needed. currence to an order that the said
Wherefore the regiment of 5 troops King may be presented with 12 match
of 50 men each as stated In the last I coats as a mark of gratitude and
Item, were ordered raised. See 15 have of value 100 arms length Roan-
Md. Arch. 48. oke namely four match coats for
1 6 7
~ Mid Sends Instructions every prisoner of the Susquehannocks
..- ary an that they have taken and delfvered-
te Co. Operate With Washington the said match coats to be paid to
Accordingly Thos. Dent was sent to the Indian that took the prisoner."
Col. Washington with these Instruct- From this we see that this tribe
Ions: "Gent. According to the promise of Indians through their King first of-
made Capt. Lee and Maj. Youell we fered his warriors to assist the Mary-
have this day taken your letter Into landers and Virginians In whipping
consideration and for answer return the Susquehannocks, and to give as-
you that we have ordered 250 horses surance that he would not dessert in
and dragoon to rendezvous upon battle and go over to the Susquehan-
Thursday which will be the 23rd In- nocks, he gave the women and chll-
stant at the head of the Choptico Bay dren of his tribe as hostages Into the
from whence they shall continue their charge of the English, who could
march to the north side of the mouth have been enslaved or even slaugh-
of the Piscataway where they shall tered if the soldiers proved recre-
await your arrival and join with you ant. The above also states that he
where your commanders shall advise did remain loyal.
with you upon the ways and means
to prosecute the war against the 187i}-The Great. Shameful Expedlten
Doages and the Susquehannock In- of Slaughter and Dishonor.
dians till the murderers are delivered The expedition against the Susque-
and all possible satisfaction obtaln- hannocks, who were huddled In a
ed from them for damages done his fort on the Potomac, about 200 strong
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY IND!AN TRIBES
79
including women and children, began that he have Uberty to 'Infort' hlm-
about the middle of September, and self and his people upon any place
continued n a siege of about 6 weeks the governor shall see flt." ThUliI
though the Susquehannocks as we
endIng the beginning of November. In shall see were driven out of their.
addition to the march on the Fort, fort on the Potomac, and voluntarily
as we have above seen the whites went into Virginia, they still feared,
hired other Indians to sally through because from their Virginia base
the woods and capture Susqueban- they continually sent parties into
nocks. The white soldiers also rang- their old country. This request of
ed the woods for the same purpose. the Mattawomen king is dated 1675.
At any rate about the beginning of Thirdly in the same year as shown
November the Indians left their fort in 15 Md. Arch. 59, something of the
one night and struck southwestwardlY cost of the expedition is given us. It
into Virginia and were the leading is' stated "The governor and Council
instigators of the Bacon Rebellion having taken into consideration that
all of which we shall show later. the disbursements for provisions and
None of the government archives I other charges relating to the late war
of Maryland state anything of the with the Susquehannocks and that
general result of the expedition, per- the same may be levied this year and.
haps because there was so much dis- having seen several papers and ac-
graceful about it. Neither do any other counts thereto relating, but not the
public records tell the particulars of whole accounts, do appoint to meet
the struggle. However inferentially Monday: and it is ordered that on
several things are plain. First that Monday all the people exhibit their
the war was of considerable expense accounts or be debarred. It is also
to Maryland, and that her people con- ordered that 85 pounds of tobacco per
tributed of theIr private means to its poll be levied as tax and be added
maintenance. In Vol. 15 Md. Arch. to the former levy so that thIs year
66 under date of Oct. 13 It Is "Ordered there be levied In the whole 165
that proclamation be made by the pounds of tobacco per poll." We
several sheriffs of each respective have seen in a former Item that
county that all persons that have I there were 6610 taxables in Mary-
been at any charge or expense land at this time and a tax of 165
for provisions or ammunition pounds of tobacco per head would be
about the late expedition against about 1090650 pounds, of If It were
the Susquehannocks shall come to the ~ o r t h 10 cents per pound it was equl-
next provincial court and deliver their valent to $109,065.00. So the six
claIms to the sheriffs." This is his- weeks' war was very costly, even if
torlcal testimony that the expedition the whites did win.
was taken, and that it was' ended by Elaborate particulars of the war
Oct 13 or nearly 1'0. Secondly in the are however, told by a master hand,
same book p. 58 it Is set out "Where- whose graphic description of it, we
as the King of the Mattawomen de- shaH teH In the foHowlng several
sires to inform hImself for the securi- items, under the general title "of "The
ty of himself and his people against FaH of the Susquehannocks.
the Susquehannocks, who are now hIs 187i-Tbe Fall of tbe Susquebannocks
enemies only because he hath es- Cbapter I (}'Irst Attack).
poused our quarrel against them, the What I shaH now give Is verbatim
council do request that it be ordered S. F. Streeter, ESQr's account of the
Digitized by Coogle
last days of the Susquehannocks as
an Independent ~ n d powerful tribe.
The account was given in 1857 and
may be found In Vol. 1, of the his-
torical Magazine, p. 65, found in the
Historical Society, at Phnadelphia.
As I have said In an earlier Item, the
publfc records of the Maryland Arch-
Ives give only the making up of the
expedition which resulted so fatal-
ly for the Susquehannocks, and the
march, and then llre snent as to the
character of the battle. But that
there was a battle is evident from
the discussions In Councn and As-
sembly concerning the cost, the loss
of horses, and the impeachment of
Col. Truman, for despicable conduct
In the flight.
were among the most talented and
influential men of the province.
"On a Sabbath morning in the
summer of the year 1675 as the
people of Stafford, at that time the
most northerly county In Virginia, on
the Potomac, were on their way to
church they found a herdsman nam-
ed Robert Henn lying across the
threshold of his house and an Indian
without the door, both terribly gash-
ed and mutilated. The Indian was
quite dead; but Henn lived long
enough to declare that the 'Doegs'
were the murderers. A boy was also
discovered hidden under a bed from
whom it was gathered that the In-
dians had made their attack and
committed the murder about day-
Streeter says, "The brave but un- break.
fortunate Susquehannocks, driven "Col. Mason and Capt. Brent, com-
from their original seat (on susque-
I
manders of the militia of that county,
hanna) by the conquering Senecas In on hearing of the bloody dead im-
the attempt to flnd a place of refuge mediately collected a force of about
became unwillingly embroned by a 130 men and followed on trail of the
series of untoward circumstances retreating Indians. After a pursuit
with t ~ e people of Maryland and of of about 20 mnes up the Potomac
Vlrgima, and in the extremity of .
their despair rushed into a conftict they crossed the river mto Maryland.
hi h h h b i f h fl i h Landing at daybreak they discovered
w c t oug r e, gave ten s - two narrow paths, one of which was
Ing blow to their power and com- followed by Mason with a part of
pelled the few survivors of this for- the men; and the other by Brent with
merly dreaded tribe to seek a resting the remainder. After advancing a
place In the wilds of the west or to
incorporate themselves with the por- short distance each party dIscovered
tions of the Powhatan Confederacy. in its front an Indian wigwam, which
"The events connecte.d with this was silently surrounded.
struggle between the two races pos-
sess for us a double interest. First,
they relate to a trying period In our
own colonial history; and secondly,
"Having stationed his men Capt.
Brent advanced to the wigwam and
in a loud voice, In the Indian tongue,
demanded a council with the occu-
as they were closely connected with pants. A chief came forward appar-
the occurrences in Vlrginia,whlch ar- ently much alarmed, and would have
rayed Nathaniel Bacon against the fled, but Brent, seizing him by the
established government and aroused scalp, told him he had come for the
a spirit of resistance to Sir William murderers of Henn. The chief plead-
Berkley, that ceased only with the ed Ignorance of the whole matter, and
death of the unfortunate leader and. managed to escape from the grasp of
the expatriation or execution of many I his captor; but ~ s he turned to flee
of his supporters, some of whom fell dead by a pistol shot from the
Digitized by Coogle
;:;1
I.lanfl or Bl'llllt. This wail the signal of the Potomac at the time of the ar-
for ection on botb skies. Hle deal of the Marylil.nd Pllbl'imil, bad
dians within delivered their fire from in its turn been madil tu felfi tbil huud
the hut, and under its Trail cover or the conqueror. The Seneca In-
stond flfr short Hmu thfl voHedil of' ditns. onfl OK thu mOllt uumsrous fmd
the Virginians, but finally attempted powerful of the Confederaco of tbe
to thomsdves uy fRight from Flue Nations, tbrough whose terri-
t.heil mardurons fltruds. theu tory westflrn l'.Tew York the UPlllllr
thronged out of the door in a body, waters of the SU!:;quehannocks fiow-
the uUflrr1ng rine dill ed the noVet'noll ,aTH euuncll of
nrompt execution and tee theIr New York in an addrers hie ffla-
number were slain. A lad of eight jesty, Aug. 6, 1691, say: the Susque-
nears [fne, the SOlf OK tiiti ehkl? he.nna riller. is llitullte in the middle
killed by Capt, Brent. Wts the nnlo of the Seneca country) hlld
one taken prisoner. The Indians so their war parties down that river
llevoreln hendlud ihill encmmtell (husllnebllnna), reljuchru tile trlhes
belonged to ijle tribe of 'Doages' 01' on its borders to submhlsinn, or
Doegs. Meanwhile Col. Mason's compelling them to seek new places
Llallty dad 2.1s1.5 been edk21y rngaged, of abnde in drf'enlliblo pmdtinns
Scarcely had his men been arranged with other tribes or within the
when they were startled by the din Sl,l.eep of thll strong and protecting
nf the othllr lIllsault. whne t.he arms of the whlte Ynen,
denly awakened and panic stricken "The SusQuehannocks, too proud. it
liccupants lif i.be winf'tam, theIr wlsuld seem. to yield tlOSll with
extl'emity, without waEtlnu Or whom they had 10lli; ill'len contellted
mons or attack, rushed to the door as equals, and by holding the land
to their llSCllpe. Arr they nnu their fatlierll ba senratie, to ac-
ed out they were md bd tha dtmdly knowledge themselves reduced: yet
fire of the Virginians, who supposed too weak to withstand the victorious
from tke nOille llfid the firing thili and 110mlneerine Senel.llis, had befln
Brent's men were warmly engaged I to forsake the river benr-
wlt.h a hostile party, and fourteen of iug fneir name and the head of the
the Indianll had 1l.lready iallieD, uehen Pity; ami find IakYn np posliinn
one of them rushed up to Col. Mason near the western borders of Mary-
thrnugEl the heavkst of the anfi land 11ekw the terktory oi the Pis-
seized his arm aod i"xc1.aimod cetaway indiana."
quehannocks netoughs" that is, "Sus- (This is the end of Chapter I. The
I
thmle mho Wllte Lhe nbjrds flf theif theil' wtak nel.l hbollny anfi llan ed-
attack proved to belong to a tribe era ted tribes,
teclignized as Kriends of Virginia. 167i;-Fall of the Snsqnehannocks.
"Thia tribe whi{;b Ela.d lllrmeriy fhagztell II (Tka NlW h"ori).
cupied a considerable territory on "This tribe (Susquehennnl,kllll orlg-
the SUllquahanna and at the head of inally occupied lands lower down the
Chrlrarlaakn aeld whkh_ wnr river (nntomac) about tile Piscklta-
spreading terror among the tribes of way; but the year 1673 a tract at
thll PaUXflnt anh the elilltera the E'lead of the Potomac was assign-
82
ed them by the Assembly, somewhat In the mere fact that parties from
above the former location, and every both tribes were found occupying
possible effort wu made to establish wigwams a short distance below the
themselves permanently at that river and near to each other, as was
place. Implements of husbandry the case with those attacked by
were presented to them and a supply Mason and Brent.
of provisions for three years guaran- But murders had been committed
teed to free them from all apprehen- In Virginia; the pursuers had as
sion on the care of subsistence and they believed tracked the murderers
afford them full time to make these until they had suddenly upon
lands sumclently productive for their these parties. Had they found In-
own support. This spot was near dian famllles In the wigwams It
where Washington now stands (An- would have been different-but they
nals of Annapolis, p. 64). From this found armed warriors; and this In
legislation It Is evident that the connection with the recent startling
policy of the province was to remove raids and evils were surely enough
the Indians toward the western to excite suspicion. According to
borders of Its territory and thus at the dying testimony of one of the vic-
the same time to preserve for them tims the murderers were Doeg, and
a home.-to make room for the therefore of the same tribe with
pioneers of clvlllzatlon already press- those which Capt. Brent's party sur-
ing upon that quarter anel to dimin- prised on the Maryland side of the
ish as far as possible the chances of river; and this fact in their appre-
collision between the two races. The henslons afforded a good reason for
Piscataways however,were an unwar-I the assault. There is no evidence
like inoffensive people and were re- that the Susquehannocks were the
garded as firm friends to both Mary- abbettors or ever the associates of
land and Virginia. the Doegs, or chargeable with any
"The Doegs" as they are styled in other fact or fault than that of un-
the Maryland records, occupied a fortunately occupying quarters in
portion of the territory between the the neighborhood ..
Piscataway river on the north and "That Capt. Brent's party knew
the great bend on the Potomac on the whom they were assaulting is likely
south now forming the western part from his parley with the chief before
of Charles and perhaps a small por- flring began; but that the attack of
tion of Prince George county. The Mason's men thus I?recipitated by the
tongue of land formed by Mattawo- noise of the other engagement, and
men Run as it flows into the Poto- that they were not aware of whom
mas still retains the name 'Indian they assailed is evident from the fact
Point' and may have been the spot on that Col. Mason the moment he as-
which the l,loody scene which has certained they were Susquehannocks,
been described was enacted. The recognized them as friends and ceas-
lands of the Doegs extended to the ed hostilities.
Piscataway. "The truth is the Virginians were
Susquehannocks had lately hot with passion and eager. of pur-
established themselves on the north suit. Their friends had been mur-
side of that (Piscataway) river. dered and by Indians; they knew
There would seem therefore to have the perpetrators and started in pur-
been no ground of suspicion either, suit; they came up with two bands
Digitized by Coogle
in junctos with the very trilie charg- solutely bent not to forsake their
ed with the crime and in the direct Fort (Ann Cotton's Account 1676, p.1)
Une of their retreat; and concluding at to induce them to leave the position
once that these were the assassins, they had taken. This was on the
without pausing to deliberate, hasten- north side of the Piscataway, in a
ed to avenge the slaughter of their strong Fort which had either origin-
friends. In one of these cases at ally belonged to the Piscataways or
least the assailants were sadly pre- was bullt by the province years pre-
cipitated. vious (In 1644 an act was passed to
"The murderous assault of Mason's enable the Governor to establish and
party was entirely unprovoked, If support a garrison at Piscataway (see
we accept the assertion of the Sus- Bacon's LaW3) for the protection of
quehannocks, who charged the mur- the frontier settlements, and perhaps
ders upon the marauding parties of Maryland has left it unoccupied dur-
the Senecas (and this is by no means ing the time of peace, which had
improbable.) "The Senecas' war par- preceded these occurrences. From
ties might at that time have penetrat- Its strength and construction the
ed Maryland and Virginia as they are latter supposltlon seems most pro-
known to have done within a very bable.
few years after, when they committed 'The walls of the fort were high
various murders, might naturally be banks of earth having flankers well
expected to arouse their savage pas-I provided with loop holes and encom-
slons, and stimulate them to seek passed by a ditch. Without this was
revenge, particularly as no attempt a row of tall trees from 5 to 8 inches
was made by the Virginians to eX-lin diameter set three feet in the earth
plain the cause of the attack or to and six Inches apart and wattled in
make preparation for the grievous in- such a manner as at the same time
jury Inflicted. It may be the savage to protect those within and afford
retribution and subsequent conflicts holes for shooting through. These
followed too closely upon this en- defenses were ingenious and strong
counter to allow an opportunity for and enabled the occupants to set at
explanation. Several murders were defiance any ordinary beseiging party
soon afterwards committed in Mary- unless provided with cannon or pre-
land, and though guard boats were pared to starve Its defenders into a
equipped to prevent interruptions surrender. Here the Susquehannocks
and invasions across the Potomac one to the number of 100 with their old
men, women and children established
or two persons were also murdered
In Stafford county, Virginia. The
perpetrators of these cruel ac.ts were
not certainly known; but under the
circumstances suspicion naturally
fell upon the Susquehannocks. ,
"The. presence of this tribe
on their western borders had al-
ready exacted dissatisfaction among
the people of Maryland, especially
those whose plantations were situat-
ed near the Piscataway; and efforts
had beim made (the Indians being re-
themselves,-here they were deter-
mined to remain.
"Remembering not only the deeds
of violence that lIad been borne and
taking counsel of their apprehensions
forgetful as it would seem, of the
outrages which had stung the sav-
ages into revengeful mood. the Mary-
landers determined to organize an
expedition against them, and drive
them from the province." All this
is from Streeter's account as first
stated.
Digitized by Coogle
84
1870-FaJl of the Susquehannoeks-
(Cbapt. III. The Barch).
in Maryltnd and In Virginia, and that
he had come to ascertain who had
.. Doubting, however, the ablllty to committed them. They replied It
car,ry out promptly and effectlvely was the Senecas. The Major then in-
their designs, and aware that the Vir- qulred if they would furnish some
glnlans, like themselves, had of late of their young men as guides In pur-
suffered from midnight attacks and suit, as several of the other tribes
murders which from their share In had already done; but they replied
the recent unfortunate assault on the Sen cas had come four days and
the Susquehannocks they were dls- by that time must be near the head
posed to distribute to them as acts of the TataY8co. To this It was an-
of revenge there was proposed to the swered that the horses of the white
Virginian's a union of forces and a men were ftee: anrl the Indian runners
joint expedition for the purpose of swift and bot.n ought easily to over-
subduing their common enemy. take the Senecas. They then consent-
"The prollosition was readlly ac- ed to furnish the guides. During the
cepted and the two provinces raised conference Col. Washington, Col. Ma-
a force of a thousand men to march son and Maj. Adderton came over
against the Susquehannocks. The from the Virginia encamllement and
Virginia troops were under command charged the chiefs with the murders
of Col. John Washington, the great- 1\ that had been committed on the south
grandfather of General George Wash- side of the Potomac; but they posltive-
ington; those of Maryland under ly denied that any of their tribe were
Major Thomas Truman. On the I guilty. The Virginians, however far
morning ('If Sunday the 26th from being convinced by this denial,
of September the Maryland forces I Insisted that three of the Susquehan-
appeared before the Fort, and nocks had been positively identified
the Vlrgininns probably a little I as participants in the outrages
later. In the obedience to instruc-I which had tdken place.
tions from the government to settle I "The chiefs then presented to Ma-
matters with the Susquehannocks by I jor Truman a paper and a silver
negotiations if feasible, Major Tru- I medal with a black and yellow rib-
man sent to the Fort two messengers II bon attached,which they said had been
one of whom was well acquainted given to them by former governors
with the English language, to in- of Maryland; this medal is exceedingly
vite Harignera, one of thp. municipal I rare now; it is of silver, about the
chiefs, to a conference. Having as- I size and half the thickness of a
ertalned that Hal ignera was dead'i crown piece, with a knob on the end
they requested that the .other chiefs for the insertion of a cord, so it may
might be sent in his stead, where- be hanged about the neck) as a.
upon six of '.heir leaders came forth pledge of protection and friendship
and met the c0mmander of Maryland in as long as the sun and moon shall
the presence of his principal officers, endure. These tokens were received
and several Indians belonging to I by Major Truman with assurances
neighboring tribe&. Upon their de- that he was :>atisfled the Senecas had
manding the reason of all that hostile been the aggressors in the late out-
array Major Truman informed them I rages and that they need have no
through the interpreters, that grave I' apprehension for the safety of them-
outrages had been committed both selves or their wives and children.
Digitized by Coogle
85
The officers, as it was near evening, I who were strongly suspected of being
then retired to their respective en- I the gullty parties In this case and
campments and the Indians went who had been so strenuously de-
back to the Fort." nounced by the Virginians as the
"Early the next morning Capt. John known murderers of their people."
Allen, a well known leader of rang- "Before, they might have llstened
ers In Maryland service, was ordered to the voice of reason and justice;
to proceed with a file of men to the but now they thought only of the In-
house of Randolph Hansom, one of juries that had been Infilcted by sav-
the victims of the recent outrages, to age hands and loudly called for ven-
ascertain If It had been plundered geance on those unfortunate repre-
by the Indians and to bring any am- sentaUves of the race whose confi-
munition that may have been left on dence In the efficiency of our tokens
the premises. Capt. Allen promptly of the past and the sanctity of their
discharged this duty and returned present pledges had placed In their
with him the bodies of those murder- power. They forgot that those men
ed at Hansom's house." had responded to 8 professedly peace-
"During his absence the Susquehan- ful summons. They had come out
nock chiefs had come out of the Fort with the emblems of friendship In
probably by appointment on the pre- their hands; that they had received
ceeding evening for the purpose of assurance of confidence and prom-
renewing theIr conference with the Ises of protection; and hurried away
Maryland anll Virginia officers. They by the fury of the moment, commit-
were again charged by the latter more ted a deed, which as it violated the
vehemently than before with having laws of God and of man brought up-
been concerned in the outrages In on them the condemnation of their
Virginia; but the allegation was own contemporaries as It must have
again met with an absolute and In- done of their own consciences In af-
dlgnant denial. Upon thlb the chiefs ter moments of coolness and refiec-
were placed in custody of the Mary- tion."
land and Virginia troops, and the of- I "Major Truman struggled against
ficers retired to another part of the I the excitement and pleaded for delay
field to deliberate and decide what but In vain. The Virginia officers,
course to pursue." confident of getting Immediate pos-
"Unfortunately for the prisoners, session of the Fort and professing to
in the midst of the deliberations, others that they were only a few
Captain Allen and his detachment hours anticipating, the fate of the
made their appearance bringing with prisoners and peraaps depending In
them the slaughtered bodies-the part on the etrect of so terrible a
bloody evidence of sayagt. barbarIty blow insisted on the immediate execu-
and hate.The whole camp was arons- tlon of the chiefs. Only one of them,
ed; Maryland and Virginia aIlke burn- for what reason we do not know, was
ed with Indignation and thirsted for spared; the remainder, five In num-
revenge. The council of officers ber were bound, led forth from the
was broken l:P and the feelings which place or their detention and, to use
bad been sUrred lIP by sight of their the plaIn phrase of our authority
murdered countrymen found vent in were 'knocked on the head.' So died
an almost unanimous demand for the the chiefs of the Snsquehannocks,
death of those now in their hands not with arms, but with the pledges
Digitized by Coogle
of the white man's protection in their
hands; not In open fteld and with a
fair ftght, but entrapped by treachery,
and encomllassed by their enemies;
not the death of warriors. but of
dumb cattle. They died an Ignomin-
Ious death, yet their executioners. by
their act covered themselves with a
thousand fold deeper disgrace and
shame.
t87i-FaJ) of the Susquehannocks
Chap. IV. (The Selge). .
"The Susquehannocks had been too
suddenly attacked to allow them to
lay In supplles to stand a long siege,
even If their mode of warfare had en-
couraged or their resources had al-
lowed such a proceeding; and as the
besieging forces cut them off from
the surrounding country, they soon
"It Is but just to the rank and ftle suffered for want of provisions. Not
of the Maryland troops, to say that daunted by the prospect of starvation
though one authority speaks of the they made frequent and fterce sames
'unanimous consent' of the Virginians to the severe annoyance and loss of
and the eager Impetuosity of the the besiegers, and at last In their
whole fteld as well Maryland as Vlr- extremity resorted to the expedient
glnia, upon the sight of the Chrls- of capturing and feeding upon the
tlans murdered at Hanson; another, horses which belor.ged to their assal1-
alluding to the uphappy act, states ants. These do Ilot appear to have
that Truman's ftrst command for the I been opposed with much vigor either
k l 1 l l n ~ of those Indians was not because the ftrst rash step had so
obeyed and he had some dimculty to damped the ardor of the men or be-
get any men to obey him therein. And cause it was the policy of the com-
after they were put to death no man mander to starve rather than force
would own to have had a hand In It; the Indians to surrender. The fort
but rather seemed to abhor the act." also was too strong to be stormed.
"If the Virginians were moved to Its situation on low ground precluded
take the llves of these chiefs by the the possblllty of undermining the
expectation that they would surren- foundations and palisades even if
der the fort, or hasten It, they' greatly the watchfulness of the dependers had
miscalculated. When those who had permitted their approach; and they
remained behind learned of what had had no cannon with them to batter It
been done; hate and desperation con- down. So that they were compelled
tended for the mastery In their hearts. In fact to walt the time when famine
The blood of their slaughtered leaders would have weakened the enemy so
called for vengeance. '[he proved as to render them an easy prey.
faithlessness of those who threaten- "But the Susquehannocks had no
ed their slaughter, forbade them to idea of such a termination of the
hope. They shut themselves up wlth- struggle. After six weeks of heroic
defense during which time they had
in the palisades,. strengthened their infticted much injury on their ene-
defenses, and prej,lared for a desper- mies, but with lItle loss to them-
ate resistance. Whenever and wher- selves. they yielded, not to the prow-
ever the besIegers prepared or at- ess of the besiegers, but to the want
of food. and prepared not to surrend-
tempted an assault, they were ready er but to evacuate the fort. .
to meet them. Whenever a proposal t67i-Fall of the Susquehannocks
was made for a conference or a sur- Chap. V. (Evacuation).
render their reply was, "Where are
our chiefs?"
It certainly gives a strong color of
probability to the charge of neglect
Digitized by Coogle
of duty, oD. the part of the Investing One of the sufferers at the head of
troops, that the Susquehannocks af- the James river was a valued over-
ter destroying everything within the seer on a plantation of Nathaniel
fort that could be of use to the as- Bacon; and It was the murder of this
sallants, and leaving behind only a man, In connection with the dlstract-
few decrepit old men, marched out ed state of the country which caused
under cover of the night 75 strong, Bacon's appUcation for a commission
with their women and chlldren, pass- to go against the Indians, a part of
ed through the Unes of the besieging whom were Susquehannocks. His
forces undiscovered and on their way subsequent difficulty with Gov. Berk-
k1l1ed ten of the guards whom they ley, his rebelllon, and his untimely
found asleep. death are famlllar to all readers of
"The next morning the united the colonial history of Virginia.
forces discovered that the prey had "The Susquehannocks beUevlng
escaped and followed In lJursult; but they have now sacrificed victims
either could not or would not over- enough to redeem their own honor
take these desperate fighters, and and to appease the angry spirits of
fugitives for fear of ambuscade. Both their murdered chiefs are wllling to
detachments It would beem were enter Into negotiations with Virginia.
lleartlly tired of the enterprise from They sent to the governor a remon-
which neither omeers nor men were strance drawn up by an EagUsh In-
Ukely to receive honor or prOfit. We terpreter of the following purport:
may therefore Infer both parties (1) They ask why he (Virginia's
readlly relinquished pursuit; and governor) a professed trlend, has
taken up arms In behalf of Maryland,
after detalllng sumclent force to oc- their avowed enemies?
cupy the fort and range through the
adjoining country returned to their (2) They express their regret to
find that the Virginians from friends
respective provinces, not merely w1l1- have become such violent enemies as
Ing but desirous that their exploits to pursue them even Into another
during the expedition should pass In- province.
to oblivion. (3) They complain that their chiefs
187i-Fall of Susquebannoeks I sent out to treat for peace were not
Chap. VI. (Retreat). only murdered but the act was coun-
"Not so the Susquehannocks. They tenanced by the governor.
left the last place of refuge on the (4) They declare that seeing no
solI of Maryland with a stinging sense other way of satisfactlon they have
of injury, a recollection of solemn ob- k1l1ed ten of the common EngUsh for
ligation sllghted and of murder yet each one of their chiefs to make up
unavenged. The voices of their, for the dlsrotatlon ariSing out of
slaughtered chiefs called upon them the difference of rank.
for the sacrifice of blood and as they (5). They .propose If the Virginians
took the leave of the territory wUl make them compensation for the
of their enemies and crossing the Po- damages they have sustained by the
tomac directed their route over the attack upon them and withdraw all
head of the Rappahannock, York and aid from Maryland to renew the an-
James rivers, the tomahawk fell upon cient league of frIendship; otherwise
. 'hey and those In league with them
settler after settl.r. Sixty victims will continue the war so unfairly be-
were sacrificed to atone for the gun and fight It out till the last man
slaughter of the heads of their tribe. has fallen.
Digitized by Coogle
"ThiEf rry:ssag<5 Governm' Berkle<5 reaSSUr<5u the u<5<5;;:ondlnu onlonlst:1f
notwithstanding its lofty tone made He swept the country of the tribe
no impression ann elicited no reply, with whom the Susquehannocks had
,md tho husqu<5h<5onockl:l w::%'e leagued ihems::le::Ef, bunrr:d thele
to fulhIl their te:'dble whhrh tnwns, a lars;:: numb:s:' to tie
they did to the letter. They succeed- sword and dispersed the remainder
ed In enlisting In their cause several The Indians fled before him, several
tribes h::lore ftl::tAdlY to tribes perIshed thost Pll,O sur,
lans tlleir and nlved so r::duBed as never
ed themselves with savage earnest- again be able to make a stand.
ness to their bloody work. So sud- Ann Cotton's Account, Written 1676-
ften wr::'<5 their pttB:2ks aod po aWful A plain appa:'eetlp lllit,
the Inftu:l:anIUeEf whicl th::y Wen: ::rate outline ac:rmmt of end
guilty that the frontier plantations the Susquehannocks as a tribe, is
were deserted; and It would seem that known as Ann Cotton's account,
that Jameetnnrn Itsr:lI mas not nrltten year t:Lter tJ':o rappen
"afe fmm their ntt"ck. will lngs. 1s in form lettnn
remembered that Jamestown was and appears In Force's Facts, Vol. 1,
burnt during Bacon's rebellion). No.9. It is brief and as follows:'
"A lIno of fOl'tB was :::tablished dhe Su:tluehannm::ku & M:i1folandet:
:llong frontllt to prtvotAt thnIr Df frlttAdt beind inoaged nnImyes,
incUrllolEf; but most e;itAlilar that Indl:r,nr being nEf"olutel:'
tempts of the colonists, owing to their bent not to forsake there forts; it
distance from each other, the want of came to this pointe, yet the Maryland-
:mIDcient. oarrlsDu tdey faltni entirEflo nrs W::rO, obligerl (hndlng LhnmselvEfr
to protentlnn. Bonftn of too wnith to do nnorke th::mselvee)
age marauders watched their oppor- aide of ye Virginians put under the
tunity, passed between the torts, ef- conduct of one Colonell Washington
fected tlleir munlerous nftjects, (him you heue somntImes seen
passerl liner ;:,r:d WE:'r: beyoEft :it YOUr 3:wuse) beinE, Eed
pursuit before the garrison could be the Marylanders invests the Indians
alarmed and despatched to the pOint In the forts with a negligent. siege,
of ass;:r:lt. upon wt.i:rh the ma:t::: ::rr:all s:::l
"Yet. t.hnse Wn:r: after the leys WIILl os manr l:::ss to beselr:'
desperate efforts of a despairing ers, and at last gave them the oppor-
people. Few in numbers themselves, tUlllty to desert the forte, after that
and loomed with reeble t:,tbes th:g the English had Ie :ntrarr ye
could hopn inflict utmorf d arLItn} beat the of
injury upon their adversaries with grate men sent out to treat a peace,
the certainty of finally perishing as an action of ill consequence, as It
indlvlft:mln and In proved oftfr. For the Indians having
content, Had in the hL",rke sliY:Ylnd throudb the
been crippled by a civil controversary gure and In their llTLnsage hrocked
they would have been crushed at of the beseigers on the head, which
once; kmt even it was in the they found fast 'lsleep leaving the
midst aJl Itn ft::tractkn and nest tu D:'nsecut:: sieg:r
dlt'fereooL"L" witt. t.he dOD<5rnmeot, lng's ' broo:Ilnd the whidl
Bacon found time to avenge those of the fox has sucked) they resolved to
his friends and of the province who imploy their liberty In avenging their
had beneetE: the e:reHults, ailE: nommlssl::mers' bbod mhkh thUh
89
speedly effected in the death of 60 I succeeded In forclng his way Into the
Inniscent soules, and then send In i fort and put 70 of the defendants to
their remonstrance to the governor in the sword. See ("Strange News from
justification of the fact with this ex- Virginia,-London, 1677," a report of
postulation ann ext, demanding what the affair in a London paper). A
it was moved the Virginian governor few of the original tribe may have
to take up arms against them, his survived but the Information we
professed friends, In the behalfe of possess relative to the diminished
Marylanders, their avowed enimyes." number of the tribe at that period
187i)....-Fall of the Susquehannocks. justifies the conclusion that this
Chap. VIL (Slaughter In VlrglnJa). s t l e v e ~ , e blow completed their extinc-
on.
"Among those who were made to
feel the avenging arm of Bacon was
the homeless remnant of the Susque-
hannocks. His residence was on
the James river at a point called
'Curles' iIi Henrico county; and as has
been mentioned his favorite overseer
had been murdered by those savages.
The confidence the frontier settlers
had in his courage and ability made
them anxious to obtain him as leader
against their enemies. He was wlll-
ing to take command of an expedition
but he had no commission from the
Governor, for raising military forces.
After many dlmculties a commission
was promised him and he commenced
his preparations but in the midst of
them ascertained the Governor had
actec1 the part of a hypocrite and did
not intend to fulfill his promise."
"Roused by the discourteous and
distrustful procedure, Bacon at once
armed his servants and called togeth-
er the frontier settlers ,nd placing
himself in command went into the
forest to pursue and punish the Sus-
quehannocks. Advancing to a vlllage
occupied by a tribe of the Occonegies
he was received by them in a friendly
manner and informed in regard to
the place where the Susquehannocks
had fortified themselves and perpared
for a desperate resistance In case of
an attack. He pushed forward with-
out delay and found them strongly
posted in a rude fort; but this did
not deter him. He led his men to
the assault and after a fierce struggle
167IJ-Fall of the Susquehannocks-
Chap. Vllf, (ExtinctIon as
a Tribe).
So disappeared the stout Susque-
hannocks from the page of aborigi-
nal history. They met the first white
man who set foot on their solI with
firm and unyielding front. They re-
sisted for years the attempted nego-
tiations and encroachments on their
territory; yet pressed, hard pressed,
at least by powerful enemies of their
own ),ace, they yielded to necessity
and accepted his proffered friendship;
for a quarter of a century they held
the sacred pledges of Lord Baltimore,
and kept the peace; during which
time, driven by the Senecas from
their homes they were forced into a
position which brought upon them the
hostlllty of the people of Maryland;
they accepted proposals for negotia-
tions, only to find their leaders en-
trapped and put to deatli; they de-
fended themselves bravely in their
strongholds and rather than surrend-
er they retreated to another terri-
tory, and thereafter sending to the
authorities with a proud and unshak-
en spirit the choice between the hand
of friendship and the tomahawk, ac-
cepted the latter alternative as that
alone was left to them Then came
the deadly struggle in The crisis of
which though individuals survived
and were incorporated into other
tribes, as a distinct people they per-
ished in a manner most glorious to
their vengeance, in the blaze of the
Digitized by Coogle
burning m,ansions, the ruin of culti-
vated estates, with the shriek and the
supplication of the murilered white
man ringing in their ears and their
hands red wth human blood."
"Yet the act which in the com-
mencement of their difficulties drove
them to extremities and which was in
On May 16, 1676 Major Truman
was arrested by order of the Legisla-
ture then in session to answer the
charge of impeachment brought
against him by the lower House,
chr.rging him with having broken his
commission and instructions, in that
he received as friends six Indians
fact the cause of t h e ~ > : , destruction, sent out by the Susquehannocks as
was not allowed to pass unrebuked." Ambassadors to treat with him and
16.6-Fall of the Susquehannoeks-
Chap. IX. (Attainder of
Iajor Truman).
after giving them asurance that there
was no Intentloll of using force
against them and that no damage
should be done to them, their wives
"After the return of his detachment or their children, did without calling
to Virginia, Colonel Washington on a Council of Mary land officers, in a
the 6th day of January, 1676 took his barbirous and cruel manner cause
seat as a member of the Assembly. In five of the said Indians to be kllled
his opening address on that occasion, and murdered contrary to 'the law of
Governor Berkley alluded to the late God and of Nations."
Indian disturbances and in reference Depositions having been taken and
to the chiefs who had been put to witnesses examined for and against
death at Piscataway, used the follow- the accused, he declared through Mr.
ing emphatic language: "If they had BenjaminCrozier his counsel assigned
kllled my grand-father and my grand- him that, "He confessed his fault and
mother, my (ather and mother and all did In no way intend to stand upon
my friends, yet if they had come to his justification," but humbly prayed
treat in peace, they should have gone permission to read a paper which he
in peace." His opinion of the deed hoped would somewhat extenuate the
therefore is sufficiently evident; but force of the charge brought against
whether the mass of the people, im- him so that they should not appear
bittered as their feelings were by the so grievous as in the said impeach-
recollections of recent Indian out- ment they were set forth to be." This
rages, would have joined him in the petition was granted. What was
condemnation may be doubted. The the nature of the justification the
pressure of events, howevH and the record does not show; but that it
necessity for self-protection within was enough to vindicate him appears
and without soon absorbed the atten- from the fact that after Ii. full hear-
tion of the Governor and Legislature ing he was found guUty by unani-
and the people; and the life or the mous decision of the Upper House of
death of a few savages became a having "commanded five of the Sus-
minor consideration." queuannock Indians that came out to
"In Maryland the case was dUfer- treat with them to be put to death,
ent. The detachment of Major Tru- contrary to the law of Nations and
man having returned with the excep- in violation of the seconu Article of
tion of one company under Captain his instructions by which he was or-
John Allen to guard the frontier, dered to entertain any treaty with the
the murder of the Susquehannock said Susquehannocks."
chiefs became the subject of pubUc I "The duty now devolved upon the
discussion and legal inquiry. Lower House of drawing 9 blll of At-
Digitized by Coogle
tainder against Major Truman,but al-
though It was upon Its (the Lower
House) own Impeachment that he had
been tried and found guilty, Influenced
as it appears by attenuating circum-
stances afterwards brought forward,
that body prepared a bill which
while entitled an Act of attainder, only
proposed a fine Instead of the penalty
of death. The Upper House return-
ed the bill, remonstrating that it
corresponded neither to the Impeach-
ment nor to the crime of which the
accused had been found guilty and
inSisting that it was due to the GOY-
ernment to vindicate it from the
shame and wickedness of countenanc-
ing such a deed and urging that
if crimes so heinous deserve no severer
punishment than they inflicted by the
Act, offenses of a lower nature would
not require any. Not only would no
satisfaction be given to the heathens
with whom the public faith had bro-
ken but no confidence would be
placed on any treaty which In that
dangerous juncture of affairs might
be offered to the Indians unless such
offense were not only publicly dis-
owned but also punished without sev-
erity which it deserved ..
The Lower House In reply after re-
capitulating the extenuating circum-
stances In the case stating Its opin-
on that the offense was not premed-
itated or out cf rIesign to prejudice
the Province but merely out of ignor-
ance and to prevent a mutiny of the
whole army refused to modify Its
former bill, whereupon the Upper
House admitting that the crime was
not maliciously perpetrated, denied
that the facts charged as true were
any extenuation; and declaring
anew Its abhorrence of the Act re-
minded the Lower House that by Its
refusal to draw up a bill of Attaind-
er In full, It must make itself re-
sponsible for the consequences that
might ensue to the people of the Pro-
vince. The Lower House did not hesi-
tate to take the responslbllty. Un-
fortunately the journals for this per-
Iod are lost and we are left In Ignor-
ance of what the conclusion of the
controversy was. A petition to his
Lordship In behalf of Truman Is
mentioned In the records of the
Lower House for Tune 12. 1676. Per-
haps this was for his pardon and for
this reason, (It may be) the subject Is
no more alluded to In the journals
which remain."
"Whatever may have been the de-
cision of his Lordship, Charles Cal-
vert. or of the Legislature and the
people of that day, there can be little
hesitation at the present In deciding
that the execution of men who came
out as agents to treat for peace with
pledges of peace In their hands, un-
armed and trusting to repeated as-
surances of safety, was a violation of
the laws of God, of Nations and of
man-a cruel unjustifiable murder."
This Is a detailed history of the
battle, retreat and execution of the
Susquehannocks In the Fall and
Winters of 1675 and ] 676 given by
Mr. Streeter In his Admiral Paper,
entitled, "The Fall of the Susquehan-
nocks" which may be found In the
Historical Society at Philadelphia as
I have stated above.
1878 - Proceedings Against Major
Truman for Slaugbterng the
Susquebannock Cblefs. .
In Vol. 2 of Md. Archs., page 475,
under the date of May 16, the fol-
lowing proceedings in the Lower
House were had: "Ordered that Cap-
tain John Alden and D ~ . Charles
Gregory do with all expedition make
their appearance before the right
honorable, the Proprietary and his
Honorable Council, sitting In As-
sembly to testify the truth of their
knowledge, touching the late barbar-
Digitized by Coogle
92
ous and Inhuman murder of five sUS-I design, pressing him to employ his
quehannock Indians; and that the soldiers about or upon a:JY service
said Captain Allen give strict com-i during the siege; and If Major Tru-
mand to his Lieutenant to continue man did any time execute anything
ranging the woods, In his absence." at their request by reclvlng Instruc-
1878 - NlnJan Baell Called as a tlons and directions from them?"
Witness. "(4) Whether did Major Truman
In the same Volume of the Md. bid the Susquehannocks not to fear
Archives, page 476 It was "ordered him or tell them that he came only
Nlnan Blell do with all expedition to seek the Senecas and that he
make his appearance before the right would lodge that night hard by them,
Honorable, the Lord Proprietary and ther wives and children not to be
his Council now sitting, to testify the afraid; or that any other expression
truth of his knowledge, touching the to that effect was made by him?"
barberous and inhuman murder of "(5) What former articles of Peace
five Susquehanna Indians." or amity did the Susquehannocks
1878-Questions Decided on to Pro-. ever produce to Major Truman?"
pound Against Major Truman. "(6) Did the Susquehannocks ever
In the same book and at the same show a medall (medal) of Silver,
page It Is recorded under the date of with a black and yellow ribbon?"
May 16, that the following interroga- "(4) Did they show said ribbon
tories, concerning the late expedition and medal as a pledge of amity
against the Susquehannock Indians given them by the former Governor
should be propounded to John of this Province and w ~ s the said
Shankes and other witnesses to be medal given to Major Truman or to
examined: any other Englishmen, or was It
carried back again Into the Forte?
"(2) Whether the said Major Tru- (Note:-When they gave It up war
man with the forces at his command
was at the North side of the Plsca- was meant).
taway Creek and did these expect and "(8) Did Major Truman stay on
the North side of the Piscataway
meet the Virginians?"
Creek till the Virginians came thlth-
"(2) Whether the said Major Tru- er or did he there treat with them,
man consulted with his officers and concerning the management of the
those of Virginia or held any dis- war against the Susuesannocks?"
course or treaty with thvse Susque-' "(9) Did the Susuebannocks ever
hannock Indans which came out of offer any treaty of Peace or desire to
the Forte: also wbether it was with continue friendship; and whether did
the knowledge of any of his omcers Major Truman ever demand satlsfac-
that he treated and endeavored to! tlon from them for any Injustice done
make the Susquehannocks believe he I or tell them they were the persons
.ntended no harm or disturbance to' which we suspected had Injured us?"
them, and what omcers or others he At the same time It was "ordered
knows were present when orders that for the more expeditious return
were given by the Major for putting of the examinations of John Shankes
those great men to death?" to the several interrogatories on the
"(3) Whether he knows at any murder of the Susquehannocks, that
time the omcera of Virginia did de-I Mr. Russell Is hereby empowered to
sire or put Major Truman upon any presse boat and hands and other
Digitized by Coogle
9'3
necessaries to the said expedition."
This shows that Shankes was at
some distance, and, at this time
and these interrogatories for rum to
answer were being sent to him:-
See this in Vol. 2 of Md. Archives, p.
477.
said Indians replied that they would.
This deponent further saith that in
the morning following, the Susque-
hannock great men being at the
place of meeting before the Mary-
landers and Virginians more highly
than before taxed them of the in-
01 the WImes8 Against juries done by them in Maryland and
MajQr Truman lor KlmJlg" Virginia; and they utterly denied the
the Snsqnehanneck same. Thereupon this deponent was
Chfels. commanded to declare to them that
Under the date of May 19 in Vol. they should be bound; and this de-
2 of the Md. Archives at Page 481, ponent saith further that there was
the answer to these interrogatories an old paper and medal showed by
are set forth as follows: "The an- these Indians and they did say in the
swer of John Shankes to said Inter- very first day, In the evening thereof,
rogatories: - This deponent saith that the same was a pledge of peace
that he was with the Maryland forces given and left with them by the ft>r-
being at the fort of the Susquehan- mer Governor as a token of amity
nocks on the Sabbath day. He was and friendship as long as the Sun and
sent up to the Fort to desire one of I Moon should last. And this deponent
the great men by name, Harignera, to saith that to the best of his remem-
come and speak with Major Truman, brance all the Virginian oMcera were
and the said Harignera being dead present when the Indians were
this deponent desired some other bound; and this deponent saUh that
great men to come and speak with the first night of meeting with the
the said Major: upon which message said Susquehannocks, he was ordered
of his, there came out 3 or 4 of them to declare to them that Major Tru-
and this deponent was commanded by I man did believe the Senecas had done
the said Major Truman to tell them the mischief, and not they and that
of the great injuries that had been I he was well satisfied therein.
done to the country and that he of Captain AileD,
came to know who they were that Another Wlmes8 Against
had done it. And the great men re-
plied that it was the Senecas; and Truman.
this deponent saith that there being This testimony is reported also in
present other Indians from other Vol. 2 of the Md. Archives, Page 482
towns, the Major desired some of and it is as follows:-Touching the
their young men to assist as pilots murder of the Susquehannock In-
as well as the neighboring Indians dians Captain John Allen being
had done to join in the pursuit sworn and amrmed and examined
against the Senecas. And the said salth. that about the 25th or 26th of
Indians replied that the Senecas had September on Sunday morning, the
been gone four days at this time they Maryland forces appeared before the
might be at the head of the Patapsco Forte under command of Major Tru-
River; to which Major Truman re-I man, who sending Hugh French and
turned that he had good horses and I another to the Forte, there came out
as they were good footmen and they two or three of the Indians and more
they should go with him, and the afterwards to the number of 30 or 40
Digitized by Coogle
and the Major examined them con-' 1878-The Articles 01 Impeaellment
cernlng the mischief that was done to I A at t J[aJ T
they knew what Indians they were The witnesses having given the
Mr. Hanson and others and If I g DB or raman.
that did It, and they told him it was above testimony, the Lower House
the Senecas, during which discourse I now considered they had sufficient
with the Major there came over reason to prefer Articles of Impeach-
Colonel Washington, Colonel Mason I ment against Major Truman. These
and Major Alderton; and theyUkewise I articles are found in Vol. 2 of Md.
taxed them with the murders done on I Archives, Page 486.
their side (in Virginia) by tbem; but "May 20th, Articles of Impeachment
they made the same reply as to In the Lower House:-We, your
Major Truman that it was none of' Lordship's most humble, true, falth-
them. So when they found that they fu} and obedient people, the Burgess-
could get nothing out of them, then es and Delegates In your Lower
they made it appear that three of the House in Assembly being constrained
said Susquehannocks were those that by necessity for our 1I.dellty and con-
did the murder on the other side. science in vindication of the Honor
On Monday morning early the of God, of the Honor and welfare of
Major commanded Mr. Good and two I your Lordship and this Province, do
or three ranks of men, whereof hlm- complain and shew that the said
self was one, to go to the house of Major Thomas Truman, late Com-
Mr. Randolph Hanson to see if the mander-in-chief upon an expedition
Indians had plundered It, and if they against the Indians at the Susque-
found any ammunition to bring it hanna Forte, hath by many and sun-
awaY,whlch accordingly they did and dry ways and means committed
after the return to the forte, the de- divers and sundry enormous crimes
ponent saw six Indians guarded with and offenses to the dishonor of AI-
the Marylanders and Virginians and mighty God, against the laws of
the Major with the Virginia officers, Nations, contrary to your Lordship's
sitting upon a tree some distance commission and instructions and to
from them and after some while they the great endangering of our Lord-
all arose and came toward the In- ship's peace and the good and safety
fans and caused them to be bound; of your Lordship's Province, accord-
and after some time they talked again Ing to the Articles hereafter men-
and the Virginia officers would have tioned, that is to say:
knocked them on the head in the We 1I.nd upon the reading your
place presently; and particularly Lordship's commission and Instruc-
Colonel Washington sald:Why should tions and affidavits, which we herein
we keep them any longer; let us send to your Lordship and to the Up-
knock them on the head. We shall per House of Assembly and which we
get the Forte today.' But the depon- humbly submit to your Lordship's
ent saith that Major Trum'an did not examinations and serious considera-
tion."
admit of It but was overswayed by
the Virginia officers; and after fur- "(1J That the said Major Truman
ther discourse the Indians were car- hath broken his commission and in-
structions in this-that the said Ma-
rled out from the place where they jor Thomas Truman having received
were bound and they knocked them 6 Indians sent out by the Susque-
on the head." hannocks as ambassadors to treat
Digitized by Coogle
95
with him; on Sunday, after the ar- derlng the said Indians, to the dls-
rival of the Maryland forces; and honor of GOd and of your Lordship
received their paper and medal by and this Province. They humbly
which we find they were reCeived as pray that your Lordship and the Up-
friends and In with us and had per House of Assembly will take such
liberty of going back to the fort and action with the said Major Thomas
were assured that no intention of Truman as may be just and reason-
force was to be used against them; able In terror of others to beware In
and that no damage should be done the future; and your Lordship's most
to them, their wives or children; and humble and obedient servants as in
that they did that night go into the bound shall dally pray for your
Forte; and the next morning did re- Lordship's long and happy dominion
turn again with the like number, only over us, etc."
an Indian changed; and supposed to J878-A,pearaBce and Answer of )[a.
(lome on purpose to treat and not In
any hostile manner; yet the said Ma- lor Thomas Truman.
jor Thomas Truman, without calling I In Vol. 2 of the Maryland Archives
any Council of Warre of your Lord- at Page 494, Truman's answer to his
ship's omcers under his command as !impeachment appears as follows:
he ought to have done, did In a bar- "Saturday, May 27th, the Upper
barous and cruel manner cause five I House met in the afternoon. Major
of the said Indians to be killed and I' Thomas Truman having on notice
murdered, contrary to the laws of given him on Thursday last to pre-
God and Nations and contrary to I pare for his trial this afternoon,
your Lordship's commission and In- being called did make his appearance
structlons"; and the Articles of Impeachment
"(2) That the said Major Truma,n against the said Thomas Truman
ought, according to your Lordship s beIng and after this the several de-
instructions, to have acquainted your pOSitions annexed thereto., whlc.h al-
Lordship before he caused the said so were sworn to by the deponents In
Indians to be executed, for our Lord- the presence and the hearing of Ma-
ship's advice and directions, In jor Thomas Truman Mr. KeneUne
case which we do not find he did ; ,
"(3) That he hath broken your Cblsledyne, his Lordship's Attorney-
Lordship's Instructions In this alsoe, General, Colonel .William Berages,
that If the Virginia oIDcers did advise Mr. Robert Callvile and Mr. W.
and consent to the killing of said In- Stephens, according to a preceding
dlans that he did not in an open order of the Lower House did man-
of Warre cause the same age the said Impeachment and urge
judicially to be entered, In writing by the several evidences against the
his clerk or Secretary and such the said Major Truman. And the said
desire and consent of the Vlrglnlans Major by Mr. Benjamin Crozier, his
for the doing thereof, to be signed counsel assigned to him, did confess
under their hands .and to be kept for and declare that the said Major did
justification of himself and the people no way- intend to stand upon his jus-
of this Province." tificatlon. After the confession and
"Therefore for that by the said Ar- declarations the said Major by his
tlcle it appears that the said Major I said cousel did humbly pray that
Thomas Trpman hath broken hi&' this House would admit the reading
commission and Instructions In mur- of a certain paper which the said Ma-
Digitized by Coogle
jor hoped would somewhat extenuate lin but not be put to death.
and mitigate the crimes before by I 1876-Tbe Upper House Now Con-
him confessed, so that they should elder the Bill of Attalader and
not appear so grievous and enor- tbe Punlehment of Tru-
mous as In the said Impeachment
they were held forth to be. And the
man.
said Major Thomas Truman by his In the same book and page last
said counsel was permitted to make cited, the action by the Upper House
a defense, whereupon and upon full upon the punishment of Truman is
hearing on both sides and after read- set out as follows:
ing of the said Major's commission "Then was taken into consideration
and Instructions from his Lordship the Bill of Attainder against Major
and counsel, It was put to the ques- Thomas Truman sent up from the
tion whether Major Truman be Lower House yesterday; and upon
guilty of impeachment exhibited serious consideration and debate
against him, which the Lower House thereupon this House do judge that
voted nemine contradicione (unani- the Act -drawn up against Major Tru-
mously) that the said Major Thomas man does in no way answer or justify
Truman Is guilty of the first Article I the said impeachment upon which It
of Impeachment for commanding five was grounded, for that in said im-
of the said Susquehannocks that came peachment the said Truman stands
out of the Forte to treat with him to I charged of crimes committed against
be put to death, contrary to the law the laws of God and of Nations, this
of Nations; and the second Article I Province as also against the commis-
of his Instructio.ns by which he was sion and instructions given him, viz.:
ordered to entertain any treaty with I for the barbarous cruelty in causing
the said Susquehannocks." I to be put to death and murdered the
"Upon which vote it was ordered I five Indians-of which he being
that a messenger be sent from this I found guilty, the punishment per-
House to the Lower House to desire scrdibed in the said Act of Attainder
them to draw up a Blll of Attainder does no way agree nor answer the
against Major Thomas Truman." nature of the offense. It being
1876-BIll of Attainder Against Jla. greatly dishonorable as well as un-
jor Thomas Truman.
In the second Vol. of the Md. Arch.
page 500 it is set forth, "May 31st, the
Lower House sent up a Blll of At-
tainder against Truman," which did
not please the Upper House as the
following items now show.
The Act of Assembly formulating
the Blll of Attainder is lost. It does
not appear in any of the Archives
and therefore, the contents of it, we
can not give, however it wlll be
gathered from what now follows that
the penalty prescribed In It was that
Truman should be fined simply there-
safe and dangerous to lay any fine
in such cases and where such horrid
crimes have been committed."
That the Lower House of Assembly
having laid the Impeachment so high
and no higher than the nature of the
crime well deserved it wlll be much
wondered at by those who shall hear
and view our proceedings with so
slender and slight a punishment
being no more than what crimes of
a more inferior nature might have
deserved; that by the Act of Attainder
the Government wlll not suftl.ciently
be cleared nor have it made appear
to the world how much the wlcked-
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBl!lS 97
ness of that action is detested and I should either suffer death or a long
dishonored by us, nor in any sort I term of inprisonment and did not
will the Lower House of Assembly agree to join in the bill passed by the
make out that great sense which in Lower House in order that it might
their Impeachment they have ex- become law; so the proceedings were
pressed to have of that action, and I broken.
which may much concern the inter- 1878.The Lower House Further Con.
est and safety of the Government. It tend In Truman's FaTor.
will not give any satisfaction to the
heathen with whom the public faith The Lower House's answer n.tay be
hath been broken; and until such ac-I found In Vol. 2 of the Maryland Ar-
tions are not in a more public man- chives, p a ~ e 501, dated June 2nd, as
di h d th t th I di ay
follows:- This paper being read in
ner s onore a e n ans m
tak' ti th f it itt be the Lower House and the debate re-
e no ce ereo , s no 0 sumed in this House touching the
expected that any faith or credit will said Bill of Attainder, it was voted
be given to any treaties, we shall nem. con. (unanimously) that the said
have with them in this dangerous I Major Truman for his crime does not
juncture of affairs; and the country deserve death in regard that several
will stand in need of, and on which circumstances that appeared at his
seems in some measure depend, as hearing or trial do extenuate his
the Lower House of Assembly were crime very much as the unanimous
of the opinion when they sent ~ e consent of the Virginians and the
paper in answer to captain Allen s general impetuosity of the whole
longer ranging. I field, as well Marylandefs as Vir-
"And so all authority will become I ginians upon the Sight of Christians
ridiculous. and contemptible. In fine I murdered at Mr. Hanson's, and the
by this Act the Lower House of As- very Indians that were there, (Susque-
sembly will have owned the actions hannocks) killed being proved to be
of the said Truman more than (as the murderers both of them and
they ought to have done) detested I several other Christians and in re-
and abhorred them, and so render gard also that it apears to this
the Government odious to all people House that the said crime was not
that shall become acquainted with maliciously perpetrated or out of any
the prceedings." design to prejudice the Province but
From all this it is evident that merely out of ignorance and in pre-
what the Lower House did was to vent a mutiny of the whole army, as
attaint Truman so that his property well Virginia as Maryland. Where-
should be forfeited and that his fore this House do not think fit to
blood should be corrupted, that any recede from their former vote."
future property that he acquires
could not pass to his chHdren at his
death but go to the Province of
Maryland. This they considered a
grievous punishment and they added
to it simply a fine. The Upper House
felt that the offense was too greivous
and of too dangerous a character to
the Province to let Truman off so
easlly, and they demanded that he
1878Flnal Reply of the Upper House,
Insisting on SeTere PunIshment
for Major Truman.
The Upper House adhered to its de-
mand that Truman should be severe-
ly punished and in Vol. 2 of the Md.
Archives, Page 503, under the date of
June 3rd, it is set forth in answer
by the Upper House to the Lower
House, read on June 2nd, touching the
Digitized by Coogle
98 ANNALS OF THE BUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
Bill entitled An Act of Attainder, etc.'j at their doors and not with us, who
"His Lordship and this House do <:.on- are positive of this, that his Lord-
ceive It not safe for them to vote the I ship's Upper House dare not and
killing of the five Indian or Susque- therefore resolve not to proceed up-
hannock Ambassadors not. murder; on an act which only bears the title
for to them and all the world It does of an Act of Attainder."
and wlll certainly appear the great- In this the Upper House plainly
est murder that hath ever been com- say to the Lower House that if the
mltted. The unanimous consent of Lower House insist on so Ught a
the Virginians, if true does in no way punishment for so grievous a crime
alter the nature of the crime; nor that the Upper House absolutely re-
since the said Truman had instruc- fuse to join in the Act or allow it to
tions plain enough to have made him I become a law and that the Lower
abominated and abhorred so black I House may do as they choose and the
an action can as little serve for an I Upper House wlll throw all the ra-
extenuation thereof. And whereas, sponsiblllty for its effect on the Pro-
in the said paper for a further exten- vince at the doors of the Lower.
uation it is signified that the Major House.
to prevent a mutiny Slf the whole The result of all this was that Ma-
army was compelled and drawn to I jor Truman remained some time in
that action, this House are of an-! jail and as no law was passed to fix
other opinion, for at the said Tru-' his punishment, eventually he was let
man's trial it did so plainly appear go; and that was the end of it.
that his first commands for kllling 1678-A. L Guss's View of the Sus-
those Indians were not obeyed and quehannocks and Their Position
that he had some difficulty to get During This Strullilfle.
his men to obey him therein. And Among the effects of the late Sam-
that after they were put to death not uel Evans of Columbia, was found a
a man owned to have had a hand in letter dated March 16, 1883, written
it but seemed rather to abhor the act to him by Prof. A. L. Guss whom I
and until now hath been termed by have before mentioned and in it he
all persons (those that were in its says, "The Susquehannocks that
execution only excepted) the most visited Smith in 1608 were beyond
execrable of murd'ers. Iroquois. I do not mean of the Five
"That the crime was not malicious- Nations but of that stock, and spoke
ly perpetrated as' to authority, this a dialect of that language they bore
House doth believe; but that it was the same relation to the 'River
done treacherously and that in it a Indians' on the Delaware that the Mo-
great and unheard of wickedness was hawks did to the Hudson River In-
committed, can not be denied by the dians. I have no doubt that prior
Lower House; and whether by that to Smith's days and afterwards they
action the province will not be pre- were confederated with other tribes
judiced and many English be murder- on the Upper Susquehanna River
ed, his Lordship and this House leave and branches in manner similar to
to the future consideration of the the Five Nations. The Minquas who
Lower House,-no way pressing them captured the three Dutchmen in 1616
to recede from their so positive vote, lived on the Susquehanna River about
only desiring them that they will take Tioga and there were brought down
notice that what is now undone lies I by them by the river to the mouth of
Digitized by Coogle
99
the Schuylkill where Hendrickson I pp. 538 to 541). They pledged them-
ransomed them-Vol. 2, Pa. Archives selves not to hate the Ondiakes (An-
Page 11. When Champlain in 1614 i dastes) with whom they were then
made his expedition on the ononda-
I
still at war and the Five Nations af-
goes' Fort these Minquas were called terwards made the English promise
Carantowns and were a powerful foe accomodation, that is protection in
just at the gates of the confederates. case they got worsted in their fight
When in 1640 the Dutch began to with the 'Three Nations above men-
arm 'The Five Mohawk with tioned.' This proves how tremend-
guns and furnish them ammunition, ously they feared even this remnant
they soon wrought a great change in of the Andastes, for they 'propoded'
the several tribes of the valleys of these articles and the English felt
the Upper Susquehanna. The Five friendly to the Minquas but dared 'to
Nations had two wars with the Mln- promise them nothing, it not beIng
quas, first 1662-3 and second In proper as not in our power', (See
1675-6 'The second time we were Sec. Series of Pa. Arch., Vol. 5, pp.
at war with the!p we carried them 676-678-681-682-686 and 687. The
all ofr'-See Treaty at Lancaster, remnant became a tributary out-
1744. The assertion of writers that I post." .'
prior to 1600 in a ten years' war the I cite this letter from Mr. Guss be-
Susquehannocks nearly obliterated cause of his acknowledged learning
the Mohawks is a great mistake. The I and because it gives an additional
Jesuit writers said the "Andastes" and I view of this discussion of the tribal
the word then was not identical with power of the Susquehannocks In
Smith's Susquehannocks. The fact '1676.
is the Susquehannocks were des- 1876-lIaryland GIves Presents to
cended most nearly from the Mo-
hawks, and the Mohawks took no
part in their subjugation In 1676, nor
the Indians, who Helped to De.
feat the Susquehannocks.
did they even attend the Treaty In In the Second Maryland Archives,
Lancaster in 1744., when payment I p. 489, it is set down that the House
was demanded for the 'Conquest "voted that corn, powder, shot and
Lands.' It was the Senecas and match-coats be purchased and forth-
Cayugas who "passionately desired with be delivered to the friendly In-
it," that is, their subjugation. This dlans by way of gratification for the
throws great light on the Susque- services done by the said Indians in
hanna land question. When the arm:- the late war against the Susquehan-
ed Five Nations' people came to war nocks and that the match-coats dis-
with the Susquehannocks, alias Min- tributed to the number and in the
quays, alias Conestoga, they found manner following, viz.: to the Pisca-
them partly armed by the Swedes taways, 80-to the Choptlcos, 30-to
and the Marylanders and able to hold the Mattawoman, 30-to the Man-
their own; and In fact in 1662-1663 gern, 10-in all 150. The powder, 45
they gave the Western confederates pounds-the shot 150 pounds and the
by far the worst of the confilct. But corn 100 barrels."
decimated by small pox and de- Susquehannocks Desire Peace Again
serted by Maryland, they at last With Maryland.
had to succumb The English had
to adopt the' Dutch tactics. (See In the 15th Maryland Archives, p.
Second Series of Pa. Arch., Vol. 5, 120, we find the following overtures
Digitized by Coogle
100
made by the Susquehannocks and It Is stated' in a lette:r thZlt "w Hd WeHr
eus:::KdouslH re:eZlKZled ::y r:1arY:H::d. n:ZlelvZld from the h::Zld Of the d::.y,the:-
This was toward the end of July or the Susquehannock Indians have gone
the 11::.gim:lng or Aug::.::t and on ,dat l.:::.:;k t:.: f.hele dd d'::.rt ::.b::ut mile:::
::ubY::.::! the k1owi::'1 appears, as above Palmer's Island and have been
showing the Views of Council. "At there so 10niS that they have ::::;:rn fit
a C::':LDcil beld ;:;undZliS An:;::st roeet." th:: tram:: lett:;:: it
Letters from Nathaniel Stlles and stated that "a peace was made last
Jonethan Siblywhich brh:w int::.IU- ::Zlmm:;e betHe:een S::.::::ueh::t.:noclt::
gent::: Of som::. SU::::nehaneock 1n- and the Senecas so that they are
dians being at the head of the bay now at ease and out of our reach."
(Ch:;:::Zl.pe::.lt::.) :t.nd mnre ::.It::.n th:;ir C:.Is altparent1iS fi:;:::.:: th::. tim:: wh:;n
march thither and of their desires the Susquehannocks again got back
and d::signe of p::::.::e wIth ue :;nd tt:::ir th:: Riv::e and when the: beg::.::
intenUons for go to) Maen's to be friendly with the Senecas again.
for the purpose of protection (were 1q16-N%:w tbe Lncati:;:n
rea:: from whl:;E: new:: we a:eUe::::. It
Is probable from their condlton In of the Susquehnnnoek Fort.
VlriSi:t.la, km whence it ie eupp:;:::ed Ht ::f tP;: Arch?::es,
the:; eom:: (th::.t) the:; wth:;:ut doobt
were In the incendarles of the mis- returned to their
chh":! whi::K: mah:es de:eperat:: by mil:::: ab::::::
either the neighbornig Indians being mer's Island." Palmer's Island is
likely to do them no pood bp war. :f:Pls peacti::elly few mike behew the:
thee:': Sustt:ehannock:t. to mouth of t::e Susque:::anna River.
leave them and return to their own According to the Pennsylvania rail-
field:: ami hn:;:tatloo::; 'and 1:::e- :::ad t.n;:p U::lumhia it: 43 mil:;::
wise that they have made peace with from Perryville. Now if Palmer's
their old enemhaS (tha Sen:::::cs), their f::land is It: mike bel::w th,' mouth
pre:t.funsf:;H::: foe pen::u is matter Of the husquehanna River, this would
of weighty consideration. bring a point of 60 above Pal-
It is lI:';::babl:: that theee: Suu:;:ue- m::r's [::land in n:ei;::hbonhnod
han:cocks have not :::t.ly hlown the Columbia, a couple of miles below
coals but made the fire and the fiame
whicK: has ;::enee::.Hy h:;en n:ecept::1
of tmubl::2, that now burnet. In the as the location of' the 01:: Fort. How-
breast and in the bowels of our ever, It depends on how near 60
neiuhbor: , the UKtginlnns, nur u:'e:at wiles :r:entI;::ned thn lettee is
sOr;"ow at.::1 greer. m;::ho peace accurate number of miles.
with these Susquehannocks is a mat-
ter dubi::::" anti wo;'thy ::f :;nod td76 Ldm:md .\k:droe En::::.:urnU;::2
consultation and requires correspon- I the Susquehannoeks to Reurn
deae:;:: wIlli Vie;:::nla. But m:::::: be I Pemt:::yh;:::1Ia.
in w:c;::e In::;::::slsl:::.:t t:: treat nlth I In 1674 James, Duke of York re-
these Susquehannocks and to send :;:::ived from his bmthee the E<lng
then: and .Jaco.J Youe:.J as peote::i.ion. t2::g1n:.::i, awnng :::tl:er l::.nds, gr::::.::
And for a meeting at Mr. Mertyes's of the territory from the Connectl-
is ordered," t..:::t Ri::e:r tn the D::law::::':: Rlunr;
167L--Su:;::g:;eh:::%ik:oeke Bah:: P::t.::Unl on July I, 1674 he gave a commission
Peace Again With the Senecas, f:2:imun:j An:jy;::s to be d'::ver:.:::e
I:t. Vol. 5 or the A:'::l:., p. 122, :::.er (S:etnnd bor. A:':;h.,
JlLlLt J(3
5, p. 639). And November 5, 1675
Edmund Andros began to buy from
the Indians lands west of the Dela-
ware River, (Do. p. 673), and COD-
tinued buying until he owned a great
deal of land extending from Dela-
ware River westward toward the Sus-
quehanna River. Then hearing of
"the hard fate of the Susquehannocks,
by a letter from Captain Cantwell on
the Delaware, and hearing about
them coming northward again to-
ware River either at Trenton Falls
or higher or lower until he shall
compel the Maques and Senecas to
make pel\.ce with them, when he pro-
mises they may go back to their old
lands on Susquehanna. This Invita-
tion was given by Edmund Andros
July 28, 1676.
1878-The Susquehanneeks AgaIn
Back to TheIr Old Place on the
SusquehaDDa RIver.
ward Susquehanna, at a C o u n ~ i l held In a communication found in the
July 28, 1676 it was resolved (Do. p. 5 Md. Archives, pp. 134-135, in a com-
681), "to write to Captain Cantwell plaint dated Aug., 1676 by prominent
still to encourage the coming of those citizens of Virginia, It is stated among
Indians, till when not to promise other thngs that "the Susquehannock
anything to them, but if they desire Indians returned meanwhile tQ the
it, the Governor will endeavor a, Susquehanna River again, and cut 011
composure of all things in Maryland 'I several families at the head of the
and a perfect peace with the Maques Bay and thus all the Indians are en-
an Sinnekes (Senecas), after which couraged, who call the Christians
the said Indians (Susquehannocks) I cowards and children to fight with.
may return to their lands as they But the Governor of Baltimore to
shall think good. cloak his policy wtth an Astlembly,
"If the said Indians do comply, that condemned his Major Truman unto a
Captain Cantwell to give notice of it fine of 10,000 pounds of tobacco and
to the Governr here, and to the Gov- imprisonment during pleasure for
ernor of Maryland ,and let them having su1fered the five Susquehan-
know that the Governor hath given nock Indiaus to be killed, notwith-
him the said order, thinking it the standing the Assembly cleared Tru-
greatest service, he could do them, so man, upon the producing of Lord
to take in the said Indians,-lest go- Baltimore's order, yet to keep the
ing to the Maques and Senekes, they people from complaining to England
might induce them to make Inroads, be keeps this all a secret."
upon the Christians, which none of 1871l-W.ord Sent to VIrginia that
us could remedy.
Mal']"lalld WlIl Make Peace with
the Susquehannoeks.
If the said Indians wlll come In,
that he give notice (ask) where they I
are most inclinable to go, for the pre- On the 6th of August, 1676 it was
sent, being either at the Falls, or the ordered by Maryland that a letter be
middle of the River at Delaware." sent to the Governor of Virginia to
So the Susquehannocks now find give him notice that the Deputy Gov-
new friends--the Governor of New ernors and Councll of Maryland are
York and his people, owners of all "upon making terms -of peace with
the land from Connecticut River al- the Susquehannocks which may be
most to the Susquehanna. The ruler for the safety as well of that Govern-
of these new friends now asks the I ment as of the Province, which is as
Susquehannocks to come under his followeth froin said letter: 'We have
protection on the west side of Dela- lately received intell1gence from the
Digitized by Coogle
head of the Bay that the Susqueban- therefore sent a passport to them
nock Indians have resided at their and Jacob Young tile Interperter to
old Fort about 60 miles above Pal- come and to and return safe from the
mer's Island for so many months that treaty to be held at Murtyes, at any
they now l1ave corn fit to roast; that time withlD one montb and we bave
they sliortIy expect the remainder of written to Berkley and a Council of
their troops and as many of the VirginIa to give 11m notice. So stand
western Indians near or beyond the I your affairs now wltb the Indians but
mountains as they have been able to as to the. English under Colonel'
pursue to come and Uve with tl1em. Bacon, they stand not so fair; for we
We are further Informed that by the have cause to suspect he Intends to
means of Colonel Andrews with the embroil the Province In a warre; and
Governor of New York a peace was that he wlll make pursuit of the Pls-
made last summer between them and cataways his pretense to enter here
their old enemies, tile Senecas so that and UBe young Guiles Brent and his
they are DOW at ease and out of our vain title to his mother's crown and
reach. Notwithstanding this they sceptre of the Piscataways, as his
have applied themselves to Captain father used the pl1rase it and otber
Edward Cantwell the Deputy Gover- desperate persons In those parts, to
nor of New Castle and requesting a bring on disquiet here." This needs
peace and trade as formerly with the no comment except to notice that
English and In order to come down while everything was going In the
with Captain Cantwell and Jacob direction of peace in Maryland, It was
Young, our Interpreter, to the house quite otherwise In Virginia.
of Mrs. Margaret Pen roy at the head 1878-:Maryland Advises the Other
of the Bay near Palmer's Island and Tribes to :Mate Peace With
from thence sent a pass to come the SusquehanDOcts "-
down to St. Mary's. We have there- In Vol. 15 of the Md. Archives, p.
fore sent them safe conduct to come ] 26, the following complaint Is set
down and treat with us.' " (See
15th Maryland Archives, p. 122). forth. The Emperor of Piscataway
1878 _ Maryland CouncH Send a and the King of the Mattawoman In-
dians came to council and it was or-
Letter to Lord Baltimore About dered to tell them "that the Susque-
Pesce With the Susque. hannocks have sent to us to make
hannocli:s. peace and If we think it fit to make
On page 123 of Vol. 15 of the Md. Peace with them, we wl1I certainly
Archives there is set forth a letter by include the Piscataways and Matta-
the Council of Maryland to Lord woman Indians in it. And since they
Baltimore to let him know of their are unwllllng to have us make peace
Intentions of a treaty with the Sus- with the Susquehannocks though we
quehannocks and advising him of af- include them in it, let them be asked
fairs in Virginia. It Is as foIlows:- whether they wfll march with the
"May it please your Lordship :-At a English to the New Fort they have
council held this day (Aug. 6, 1676) built and likewise pursue the Susque-
at Manakowlck's Neck, we have con- hannocks and be obedient to the Eng-
side red the overtures of the Susque- I1sh commanders with whom they
hannocks for a peace deeming It a have been ordered to march. They
blessing for God unhoped for, we observed by Schotickeko, their speak-
thought it not to be sl1ghted; and er, that they are ready to go.
Digitized by Coogle
Here we see that the English In I Indians often sallied out killlng
Maryland did not have exactly the many and took their spaftes and
smoothest saillJ1g In getting the gen-! arms and made stronger
eral peace establlshed. and stronger. They "kroak" that
1878-MlU'fland CltJZ'eIls L.udly COIll- shameful siege ( Susquehannock
plain of the Treatment 01 tile Fort) up with the loss of above 200
soldiers and thirteen hundred thous-
SusquehanuDcb. and Ibs. of tobacco to the country be-
In a communication dated the eighth sides Virginia charge; the Indians
day of August, this year there Is a but losing now and then one by
complaint to Lord Baltimore against chance, and in Virginia afterwards
the action in both Virginia and Mary- they (Susquehannocks and others)
land concerning the SusquehaDDocks destrQYed 500 or 600 men, women and
and in the course of the complaint the children without resistance, until
authors say, "Old Governor Berkley, Squire Bacon moved by the people's
altered by marrying a young wife and his own loss repulsed the Indians
from a wonted public good to a cove- wllicll hath taken full ellect, if not
tous fool's age, relishes Indian pre- hindered by some 111-wlshers, who
sents so well that the Indian blood is have brought the country into the
pukketted up with other mischiefs in 1 present confusion." This is quoted
so much that his ladY would have it. I simply to show that IssatisfactioD had
though It would overthrow the coun- arisen by reason of the treatment of
try. Now there Is an opportunity to the Susquehannocks as above set
give Virginia a good blow by Ma1fland forth. (See 5 Md. Archives, pp. 134-
Indians on account of the Piscata- 135). .
ways have gone over to the Virginia 1878-Edmund AncIrOs Criticizes the
to do mischief. The Piscataways Raising of False Alarms About
have united the Susquehannocks to tJt S h k
their assistance, whereby a greater' e U1!lque anuoc 8.
incursion being feared and unforseen, Under the date of August 11, 1676
Gov. Berkley was persuaded to send at one of the Council meetings held
Colonel Washington and Allerton to I under Andros, having received a let-
cut them off. At least they raised a ter from the Delaware of the alarm
force above 1000 men to protect the -given by Mr. Herman's letter, "re-
Province and so burdened Virginia to solve to send a check or rebuke to
destroy them and therefore ordered Captain Cantwell for makIng so rash
Major Truman to beSiege fort an alarm but to advise that he be
which might have easily been taken, not careless, and that he send forth-
being not quite finished and not 100 with to the Susquehannocks to know
fighting men in it besides women and their intent about their coming in
children. And thus the soldiers (joning in a friendly way wIth' the
were misled and intrentched and the English) which if they do not,-then
Susquehannocks sent out five men to be careful to promise them noth-
whom the soldiers knowing to be ing; it not being proper as not in our
some of the murderers, would not let power, and if they do come in. it
come to the treaty but killed them. be to live peaceable, as the rest of
And thus were 5 or 6 weeks spent the Government doth." (See Second
h Kl
bj t d Ser. Pa. Archives, Vol. 5, p. 682). In
to consume t e ng s su ec s an this we observe efforts are still being
put both Provinces to an increased made by the EngUsh, who are now
charge and a general alarm for the owners of the Delaware and of much
Digitized by Coogle
104
land which they bought from the In- I feellng which Edmund Andros had
dians, almost to the Susquehanna, for the Susquehannocks.
looking toward br[ngfng the Susque- Further steps in this matter ap-
hannocks into complete friendship pear by the following extracts from
with them. Edmund Andros seemed
to be a sincere friend of these In- a letter sent by Endmund Andros,
dians. I Governor of Maryland, dated the 25th
1676-Andros's Instructions to cap-\ of September, 1676 and found in the
last named book, p. 687. .. If some
taill Collyer on the Delaware course be not speedlly taken they
and Snsqoellanna. (The Susquehannocks) must all
In the last quoted book, p. 686, un- necessarily submit to the Min-
der the date of September 23 of this ques and Senecas who passionately
year there is set forth several in- desire it; but it would prove of a
structions from Andros to Captain bad consequence. I have therefore
Collier from the of In- dispatched Captain Collyer to you to
dian affairs in eastern Pennsylvania, let you know if I may be service-
and among them is this instruction able to you therein to employ me and
that he (Collier) is to acquaint the whether you judge the late peace
Governor of Maryland "with the with SusqUlihannocks f>ufficient, their
great inconvenience that hath been continuing where they now are or
bound Eastward by the several na- being removed from these parts best.
tions of Indians joining, whereby the I have some interest with the Maques
late mischiefs have happened; and and I can best deal with
that the Christians have received a thexif; but some speedy resolution is
greater service from the Maques and necessary as it wlll concern the
other Indians above Albany; they peace of all his Majesty's subjects
therefore desire their resolves about in these parts." (Signed) Edmund
the Suspuehannocks and to acquaint Andros." This shows that con-
them that he wishes to admit them stant watchfulness was required to
within the Government, rather than' prevent the now beaten Susquehan-
hazard their being obliged to refuge I nocks from being utterly exterminat-
with a grudge in their hearts, fur- I ed by or assimilated with other In-
ther away and out of our reach." The dians of powerful tribes.
instruction further goes on and says:
"but the Susquehannocks having had 1876-A Small Encounter Between
warr with Maryland, though now in I the Senecas and Sosquehann_ocks.
peace, I have delayed making this In a letter found in the 5th Md.
conclusion, though it will be of ad- Archives, pp. 152-153 reference is
vantage to all" The instructions made to "a small encounter" in the
then further state, "the Susquehan- beginning of last December ('1676)
nocks are to be used friendly and as between the Senecas and Susquehan-
many as will are to come to me at nocks in which the writer says that
this place (New York), for which all "the most considerable affair that I
freedom and furtherance is extended am about to acquaint you with is
to them; and let them know it is about the Seneca and Susquehan-
their good hearts and not riches that nock Indians who have had at the be-
l value, therefore they need not ginning of December, last a small en-
trouble themselves about presents" counter at Jacob Young's house,
I cite this merely to show the good which intelligence came to me by
Digitized by Coogle
TUbsday night last, (Jan., 1677); up- taxes; and the debarring of some
on which I have taken the most ef- freeman from voting. As to the taxes
fectual care I could at present for we appeal to the whole world wheth-
the security of Baltimore and Cecil er our Lord Proprietary was not
counties, Itnd I send you herewith forced Into the expensive war against
original letters I have received from the Susquehannocks last year; and
the head of the Bay relating to it. I whether he sought not all means of
have Inquired how we shall treat with pacification that could stand his
the Indians as soon as the Spring honor and safety of the people be-
approaches, for If ,we be not timely fore he engaged In It. If the taxes
In adjusting all matters with them I continue this year, and It Is the same
In the Spring, we shall be surprised 'I necessity of protecting the people,
by' them and your Lordship's pro- much trouble will ensue." The re-
vince will receive much damage before suIt of the Susquehannock expedl-
we are sensible where our mischief I tlon Is now very plain' In this Item.
proceeds. Therefore I shall take aIli1676-Maryland Now Takes Hands
C:1re to be peaceable with the Senecas, Off th S d Off f th
. I e enacas aD 0 e
and the Suspuehannocks, especially
care to be peaceful with the Senecas I SusquehanDocks.
(if It be obtained) they being the In the Second Md. Archives, p. 545
greatest and most considerable Na- It Is said that the end of the Ses-
tlon, and our league wth them will sions of 1676, the Assembly repealed
occaslo\l 'pur security from the Dela- the Act for the preservation of cer-
wares or Macquas; and if the Senecas taln articles of Peace made with the
war with them they can not make Susquehannocks In 1674. This was
Incursions as they usually do and In- done so as not to give any offense to
vade us. Otherwise It is probable the Senecas. And also at p. 547 of
they say, especially If they and the the same book It Is set out that the
Susquehannocks confederate they Act for raising a sUllrly to pay the
will Invade us; they being both Na- charge of making pea e with the
tlons of the bloodiest people In all Senecas and 'war with the Susque-
these parts of America." This letter hannocks and their confederates,
Is dated Jan. 22, 1677, and therefore which passed In 1674, was also
the affair referred to was In 1676. repealed. This was done so that the
1676-The War WIth the Susquehan- Susquehannocks should not be of-
nocks Males the 'Taxes HIgh. fended with Maryland for showing
In the Md. Archives, pp. 137 to
140, under the date of December 9,
of this year there .fs remonstrance by
the Governor and council directed to
Lord Baltimore, setting forth the true
state of Maryland and of the rea-
sons of the high taxes and among
other things It states, " It Is now so
that the people are likely to run Into
rebelUon against this Government
and we may be involved In Intestine
war as It Is In Virginia. The great
clamor Is against the greatness of
an undue favoritism to the Senecas
and for allowing to let stand up-re-
pealed the declaration of war against
the Susquehannocks.
1677-UplaDd Court Acts on the
Threat of the Senecas to Kid
Nap the Susquehannocks.
In the record of the Court at Up-
land "at a meeting held by ye Com-
manders and Justices att uppland
uppon the news of the Sine co Indians
'Jommlng downe to fetch the Susque-
Digitized by Coogle
hannos, that were amongst these 1 lately desired to come to a treaty
River Indians, etc., March 13th., an- of peace with his Lordship and have
noq. Dom., 1677. It was concluded submitted themselves and put them-
upon the motion of Rinowehan the selves under the protection of the
Indian Sachomore that Captain Coll- Senecas, etc.: Know ye tAat I have
yer and Justice Israell Helm goe upp constituted, ordained and authorlz-
to Sachamexin where att present a I ed Henry Coursey, Esq., one of his
great number of Sineco and other Lordship's Council for this ProviDce
Indians were, and that they endeavor as ambassador or envoy to treat with
to pursuade the Sineco and Sasque-I and ,onclude a firm peace with the
hannos on these Rivers to send ea.ch I' said Susquehannocks, Senecas and
a Deputy to the G'overnor of New. any other Indians unknown to us, in-
York and that IsraelI Helm goe with I hablting and residing to the North-
them. ( See records of Upland ward of us within or without the
Court, p. 49; also see the same re-I territory of hill Royal Highness and
ferred to in Vol. 2 of Watson's An-j from whom we have already recelv-
nals of Philadelphia, p. 237). ed injury by the confederacy between
The meaning of all this Is that the I them and the Susquehannocks, upon
Senecas of New York, who had al- such reasonable terms as to him
ready forced one branch of the Sus- shall seem meet and convenient ac-
quehannocks to come and llve with cording to his Instructions. And for'
them, were now determined on swal- as much as the said Indians do now
lowing up the rest of the tribe who reside for the most part ~ l t h l n the
are scattered along the Lower Sus- territory of his said Royal Highness's
quehanna, near the Old Fort. (viz.: the Duke of York's domain
North of Maryland and Including
1877-Maryland Appoints a Commls- Pennsylvania and New York, the Sus-
sloner to Make New Peace With quehannocks having gone back to
the Susquehannocks. I the Susquehanna River), and can be
In Vol. 5 of the Md. Archives, p. treated with only by a journey to be
243 the following Interesting com-' had through his Royal Highness's
mission Is to be found entitled in the I territory, I do hereby ordain and
said book, Copy of a Commission appoint said Henry Coursey to treat
Granted by the Governor and Coun- with Edmund Andros, Governor Gen-
cil to Henry Coursey, Esq., for mak- eral under his Royal Highness, the
Ing peace with the Indians; "To Duke of York, 'Il.nd desire him leave
Thomas Nally, Esquire, Greeting:- to pass through said territory to
Whereas the Susquehannocks Sene- treat with the Indians and I do re-
cas and divers other nations' of In- quest that the said Henry be receiv-
dians inhabitants to the Northward ed according to the law of Nations.
of this Province have formerly com- Given at St. Mary's April 30, 1677."
mltted divers murders and outrages 1677-Instructions Given by Mary-
within the Province upon which there
hath ensued a war between his Ma-
jesty's subjects, residing in this
Province and Government as well as
land to Henry Coursey How to
Treat with the Susque.
hannnocks.
those residing in Virgmia, and the In Vol. 5 of the Md. Archives, pp.
Susquehannocks; and whereas the 1244-245 the further directions in
said Susquehannocks have since and making a treaty are set out as fol-
Digitized by Coogle
of peace between us were obliged to
give us 20 days' warning of inten-
tions to war if at any time they grow
weary of peace with us, which not-
withstanding they, in an open, hor-
rible manner, with the major part of
their forces, and some if not all of
their great men present, assaulted
the house of Randel Hanson standing
within three miles of their fort and
there continued to flght one whole
day after all which they had confl-
dence to endeavor to persuade us
it was the Senecas that committed
the outrage."
lows, "You are with all convenient
speed to begin your journey toward
New York by way of New Castle on
the Delaware in order to your going
into Albany to treat with the Sus-
quehannocks; and on arrival atNew
Castle to signify to the Deputy-Gov-
ernor there in general terms that you
are sept to Colonel Andros by his
to come to a treaty with the Sene-
cas at Fort Albany or elsewhere;
and you are to inform yourself from
Captain Collyer and others of the
true state of the Susquehannnocks
what numbers there are, upon what
terms they are received by the Sene- We readily see in this that though
cas and if any such be under whose Maryland very atrociously mistreat-
protection they live and how they I ed the Susquehannocks yet they still
may be treated with all in order to contiued to blame the Susquehan-
the settling and universal peace be- nocks for the murders which the
tween us, and the Susquehannocks Senecas committed; and used that
and the Senecas and the rest of the protection as an excuse for making
Indians to the Northward as also be- the war on the Susquehannocks in-
tween the Indians and all the low stead of the Senecas though it is
land Indians in league and amity pretty certain that the Senecas were
with us. the real aggressors. The whites evi-
You are to ,apply yourself to the dently took this course because the
Governor of New York and render I Senecas were now supreme and the
. Susquehannocks were dlmost annihi-
him to assist in procurmg a treaty Ilated by them and completely under
for you both with the said Senecas I their control.
and'Susquehannocks if there be such
a nation left.
When you are come to a treaty
with the Senecas you are to let them
know that we had no knowledge of
them but by the Susquehannocks' re-
port; that they from time to time
told us that the injuries we had re-
ceived in our Government and the
murders of our people were' all pre-
petrated by the Senecas, that we af-
terwards found out that these very
murders which the Susquehannocks
fathered upon the Senecas were com-
mitted by the Susquehannocks them-
selves and that that was the real
cause of the war between us; and the
injury to us was the greater because
the Susquehannocks by the a r t l c l ~ s
1677-Henry Coursey's Fl1'st Steps in
Making Peaee Wltb the Sus
quehannocks.
In the 5th Vol. of the Md. Arch.
pp.246-247 the next step in effecting
peace with the Susquehannocks is
shown. This is set forth in a letter
from Colonel Coursey to P. Nolley's
on the Delaware' River dated May 22,
1677, which is as follows:-Right
Worthy Sir: On the 19th inst. I wrote
you from New Castle. On the 20th
came Jacob Young from Maryland
which gives me a better account than
I received before, which is as fol-
lows, 'Them that killed Richard
Milton's family were eight Susque-
hannocks, and that upon aoing the
Digitized by Coogle
killing they Immediately fled to the I vernor Andros to get them to the
Senecas and that all the mischief Masaques (Maques), for it was told
that hath been done hath by their me by Captain DeLavall that If they
(Susquehannocks) several troops as had them they would make war Im-
they came out of Virginia (They are mediately with the French.
now retallating for the kUling of This 23rd. Instant came to me
their five chiefs) and the two per- four Susquehannocks and with them
sons this year shott were by two the Emperor of the Delaware Bay In-
Susquehannocks that came with the dlans and upon discourse, "I find
trops of Senecas, that carried the them all inclined to peace. It seems
Susquehannocks from the place since a custom to give a present by any
which the same troops took the chief one that speaks a treaty. I am ready
warriors Into Susquehanna River, to take horse again for New York
being 30 In number who had then where I hope to be by Saturday
been hunting to make a present to night, Signed, Henry Coursey." This
you for peace (the Susquehannocks Is how the Susquehannock Indian
were hunting for furs to make a history after the year 1776 became
present) among which was the young linked in with the Seneca history,
Indian I had talked with at Jacob who were their mercUess masters.
Young's. Old Collyer was coming 1677-Further Step8 In Making
himself but was by the rest pursuad-
ed to desist for the want of a pre-
Peace Arrangements.
sent? I have now senL for him and In Vol. 5 of the Md. Archives, p.
one other great man to come to me, 248 Is Thomas Notley's reply to
where I now st01> for them. There Coursey's letter and It is as follows:
are about 26 of them (Susquehan- "I am heartily glad that you have
nocks) left here; still I propose to made so great a discovery in so
persuade them to go with me to short a time as to the state of the
New York, It being Governor An- Indians, especially the Susquehan-
dros's ordered to Captain Collyer to nocks. I am glad Jacob Young goes
send them. The Senecas Intend to with you; and that you have so 'good
be at Palmer's Island when the corn I an intelllgence from him. One
Is half a leg high. I likewise find It thing I must add that If upon the
necessary to carry Jacob Young with whole consideration you shall think
me without whom I can do nothing; it more necessary to let the Susque-
and that truth Is from him and hannocks live in this Province
none else. He tells me that the (Maryland) than elsewhere, then en-
Senecas having marched 10 days deavor so to order It. If not how-
then fell at some difference among ever, leave no gap but make a thor-
temseh;es how to divide those Sus- ough conclusion with all the Indians.
q
uehannocks they had with them, In this I depend upon your discre-
tion."
they being of two several forts and
upon the division the susqUehan-\1677-Henrr Cour8ey'8 Prop08al to
nocks were much displeased, and the People and the Indians.
some of them got away, the rest they Under the date of June 22, this
bound and carried with them, but it I year, in 5th Maryland Archives, p.
is judged not to hurt them, for every \251 further steps of the arrangement
one of the forts strive what they can for peace are set out by Henry Cour-
to get them to themselves, and Gov- I s!'lY in a message to the Senecas as
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 10'
fonows, "We Io?'merln had peacr: pockr, whlcI?were pr:r:pOSf?" by
with the Susquehannocks which they I whites of Mdl'yland and New York;
perfidiously broke, not only killing the answer is follows, "l?r,?:lt woo
th?:
greatest part of their forces assault-
ing a whole family In a Rouse and
amu???: us told thnt thoso
rmrrage?: wert tomn:ti .. ed t:y the
Senecas thereby to engage us In a
?ruarrelwlth yme We per-
ldrousnr:???? ami ;)reach feU
upon them and have now so near
nOdtroyel them are I??rced
seek :?heJte:? ::nder hOU who were
before their enemies. Now so there
Dh,?ll bo 00 ca:::o? of puarrel f:r:fween
and oou anTi ef:at may live
in peace as brethren granted by the
God: thoroh nothnow?? ono
??,?wther,??!e da:Ylre that aU th:?
oent tfS by {iT':lonoT Hen we {toursoy
authorized by Maryland that we
might make greater haste tD com:o
:lown which baD?? dono ond
saith that none of us shall, for the
future injure any persons In Mary-
land. hYe tho f:entJ::wun
they do exhort for peace, we are so
minded ourselves but we acknow-
ledge tYath?ave kiHed )lQo,'
Christians and Indians formerly
whereof Jacob Young, (who helped
U:e nn::quehoooocks :rnd flood With
them) my friend, was a great occa-
sion; but we desire now that all be
past bu:rIt::l In uf:lIvlo:?L A bolt
r:f V> fOWS ?h:op we nolll' g?ve you.
Susquehannock Nation as shall come We say again that Jacob Young was
under uour Ofotectien: mfTh be bh g:??!P:f capt??!l?: aed leadr:p agalnff
oblin?:d nnt to a,llY pZolen:yo them ??!lierel?o Ahe r??aes hanf bfoo
or wrong to any Christian inhablt- continued but now we desire peace
ing either In Maryland or Vlrgnia. In nnd tho AIm
5
0hty
aoo Injufli shaH here?Hter bn ::lweHo Xn HOnren ma??! give
done by any of the Susquehannocks ings thereunto.
living under the protection of you We lot you know th:?5:'0 are
dd:?eeca:?: or by Hny of dour nay ours, ?'e:?ttes or tlie Sr:::r:cas
tion, you shall deliver him to us or fighting against the Senecas-you
to the Governor of New York to be may therefore warn your Indians that
:)rocee::lo?l agr:Zo:?t aeeofdlng hI:: there may bz? nO Injueles or' ::lamat<5e
demerits. This shows again the done hereafter, and so to contine the
great earnest desIre of the Maryland peace we do give two beavers." The
y?oDple estahtish h?x:d wll? with fJnOnfaloes f:)re se)ll? to a
the Senecas in order that the Sene- honorable disposition and a fervent
cas keep the Susquehannocks from spirit towards peace.
::::?:ewlel thell' slaof<tier thz? Th::ir ref::reing the olmigllt:5
whites as they had done after they God who lives In Heaven" seems to
left the fort on Potomac, vowing Indicate that the Jesuits had effected
nongeaoo) unlil they f.md kiiiT':d te?: qqlte gool work ::mono fhem
?:rhlte men for everyone or their matters of Christianity.
number which they lost. 1677-Answoz:: :#1 th0: Maq::4::# to
TI4%77 - ?jrosweo tho 4l:non:Rtfjr4>es
tEte Proposal for Peace.
In Vol 5 of the Maryland Archives
255 set Korth n:y: view:? e:f thr:
C):lOndogDes 0:: the q u::StiOD of the
terms of peace with the Susquehan-
TI?eoposTItl??D foo lteace WUh
the Susquebannocks.
Th:: :?Iew taken the T?1::ques
the question of Peace may be found
in Vol. 5 of the Maryland Archives,
Jigi!iz' gle
110 ANNALS OF TIlE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
pp. 257-258, and It Is as follows: \ fell upon the Susquehannocks who
"We are glad the King's Government were In league with Maryland, k1l1-
of Maryland and Virginia have sent ed four of their number, took six
you to speak of peace and that tbls prisoners, flve of them fell Into the
place, Alball)' Is flxed for all na- share of the Senecas, were In con-
tions to make peace. We return formlty with the treaty, sent back.
hearty thanks and will speak with but the sixth was detained by the
one heart and one head. The Sene- Oneidas. Overtures and remon-
cas were on their journey wltb 600 I strances on the part of Maryland
men to come here but for fear turn- ! and Virginia proved unava1l1ng and
ed back; but we were not afraid. after a few years of hostilities broke
We return you hearty thanks for re- out with Increased violence and only
leasing tbe two sons of Conondon- ceased with the flnal overthrow of
dans and likewise that you beheaded the Susquehannocks by the Five
the Sachem of the Susquehannocks Nations. It appears from a minute
named Achnaetsachawey,who was the examination of imperfect and some-
cause of their being taken prisoners; what contradictory data, exhibited at
and we do present flve beavers." length by Foulke, that the Lancas-
At the conclusion of this treaty ter lands fell Into the power of the
these Indians sang a song after their Five Nations some time between 1677
manner by their method which they and 1684." This shows the dimcul-
do undertake to hold firm and they ties that were constantly encountered
give a beaver and a dressed Elk skin. in perfecting permanent peace with
And then they sang anotner song, the different tribes of Indians, some
meaning of which is that their people of whom were honest and others
may now forget what is past between treacherous, and all of them being
them and the Colonists but might al- more or less under poUtical obUga-
ways be mindful of what has now I tions to various contemporary tribes.
happened in this house and if the! It appears that when a treaty was
Senecas appoint any other place, it made, another tribe would claim that
will not be accepted but this place it was made without their advice and
to be the only appointed and perfix- presence and they would repudiate
ed place now dedicated to this great it so that the Susquehannocks may
treaty with all our tribes:" b; said to have been between the up-
These Maques also show a very per and lower mm stones a great
honorable and equitable spirit which deal of the time.
shows both their honest and their
Simple nature. 1677-Gorernor Dungan'8 View of the
1677 - The Onelda8, Seneca8 and Might of the Fhe Nation8 and
Some of the Onondagoe8 Re- The Fate of the SU8que-
fU8e to Obey the Peace haunocks.
Above Refered to. In Vol. 5 of the Second Series of
In Mombert's History of Lancaster the Pennsylvania Archives, p. 755
County, p. 23 he says, "Notwith- Governor Dungan makes a report
standing a treaty of amity concluded dated 1684 in which he refers to
between Maryland land the Five Na- some things which happened In 1677
tions In 1677, some of the Oneidas, and among other things he says, "I
Onondagoes and Senecas who were have sent herewith what the Nations
not present at the time of the treaty, that conquered the Susquehannocks
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDAN TRIBES 111
desired of the King in my Lord Ef-i Indians"-(p. 14). At pp. 11 and 1%
fingham's presence and I believe it he also says, that "they (Five Na-
to be of dangerous consequence if tions) gave the finIshing stroke to
denied." This demand on the part of the extermination of the Susque-
the Five Nations was that the whites hannas."
should not interfere with the relation To show further that the Senecas
between the Five Nations and the or the Five Nations as a whole did
Susquehannocks for the Five Nations
had conquered them and thought this
interference was meddling.
As to the Five Nations at this time
Governor Dungan says: "The Five
Indian Nations are the most warlike
people in Amerca, and a bulWark be-
tween us and the French and all
other Indians. They go as far as the
South Sea the Northwest Passage and
Florida to War. New England in
the last war with the Indians would
overthrow the Susqueltannoeks about
1676-77, we quote from the 4th Col-
onial Records, p. 712 in which is set
forth the speech of Tachanoontia,one
of the orators of the Five Nations at
tile treaty held June 27, 1744 in the
Lanca'Ster Court House, where in
speaking of the lands on Susque-
hanna, he says, "All the world
knows we concurred the several Na-
tions living on Susquehanna, Cohon-
goronta, and on the back of the great
have been ruined, if Edmund Andros mountains in Virginia." We see from
had not sent the Five Nations to their I all this that there is no doubt about
assistance. All the Indians in these the defeat of the Susquehannocks by
parts of America are tributary- to the Five Nations.
them." By the South Sea is meant 167S-Tbe Shawanese New Come to
the Pacific Ocean and the Northwest tbe Country.
Passage is at the Arctic Ocean. So In this year the Shawanese came
these great Indians that whipped the to Conestoga. They were a small
Susquehannocks had a reputation for tribe and from North Carolina. They
war all over North America with the settled on the Pequea Creek. It is
exception of the South West section generally said that they came in
toward Mexico.
1698. See Vol. 4 of the Votes of As-
Autborltles on tbe Over. sembly, p. 51,/" where it is stated that
tltrow of the Susquehannocks. they were Southern Indians and came
Lewis Evans in his "Analysis,"print- to Conestoga in 1698 to the number
ed by Benjamin Franklin and pubUsh- of 60 families. Gordon also says in
ed in London in 1755 on the fall of his history, p. 514 that they cQ,me in
the Susquehannocks says, "The Sus- 1698. But Redmond Conyngham, Esq.,
quehannocks after a great defeat by in 15 Haz. Reg., p. 11'1 says that the
the Marylanders, were easily exter- original manuscript from which the
minated by the Confederates (Five notes were prnited states that they
Nations). So that those Nations who came n 1678. This error he says is
are now on the Susquehanna, are plain because these Shawnese were
only such as the confederates have here before William Penn came,which
allotted that River for; as the Nan- was in 1682. The Dauphin County
ticokes, from the Eastern Shore of Pamphlet on Indian History, p. 43 also
Maryland, Tuteloes from the Mehe- says that the Shawnese were at the
nin River In Virginia and the Dela- William Penn Treaty in 1683. A
wares, under which we include the very famous descendant of these
Minnesinks and the Mandes, or Salem Shawanese called Red Pole is buried
Digitized by Coogle
lIZ ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
In Trinity Church Yard at Pittsburg I at this time, (2) that the great men
he having died there in 1791 and his of the Senecas or some of them were
monument llays that he died at tJIat living among the Susquehannocks In
date, "Lamented by the United the neighborhood of the old Susque-
8tat88,"-(8e. 12 Haz. Reg., 63-64). hannock Fort on 'the Susquehanna.
1878-Rumor that tile SulquebaD- River. (3) that the Senecas were
making tools of the Susquehannocks,
nocks, After ConaplrJng wlth tile which later was to reBult in a di8-
Senecas, Incite the Senee. agreement between them and the
to Invade MIU'1Iand Susquehannocks and bring on an-
and Fan on the other fight, and (4) that the Senecas
Piscataway.. would not rest until they had sub-
In Vol. 15 of the Md. Archives, p.
175 under the date of June 13, 1671
at a council held at the old Court
House the followin.g appears: "The
common rumor that the Seneca In-
dians by instigation of the remaining
part of the Susquehannocks, DOW liv-
Ing among them, are designed to
jugated the other Pennsylvania
tribes, to do which tI1.ey did not
scruple to violate any treaties which
they formerly made.'
1878-MaryIand Heipi tile P1scata-
ways Agalnlt the Susqueban.
nocks and the SeBecas.
come down to make war upon the In 15 Md. Archives, p. 183, at a,
Piscataways toward the latter end of Council held' August 19, 1678 it ap-
the Summer (which the Piscataways pears as follows, "Then Council met,
do generally belfeve) was taken Into I according to appointment by previous
consideration; and 1t was ordered order of Cuncil, the Great men of the
that Jacob Young be impowered to Piscataways and it is ordered that
go to the old Fort on the Susquehan- the said great men be given to un-
na and treat with the great men of derstand that the Governor and Coun-
the Seneca Nation, touching the said eil understand that a few of the Pls-
rumor according to such orders and cataway Indians have been killed by
instructions as he should receive some of the Senecas and Susquehan-
from the Governor. nocks as they believe; and told them,
In pur.uance whereof the Honor- 'I Maryland would send to Albany to
able Thomas Notley, Esq., did em- converse with the Governor of the
.power the said Jacob Young upon his Senecas about this matter."
instructions under hand seal, to go 1879-An Encounter Between the
accordlngly to the old Susquehanna
Fort and address himself to the great Susquehannocks and Piscataways.
men of the Seneca Nation and by In 15 Md. Archives, p. 213, we are
presents or otherwise according to advised Instead of the Senecas coming
their custom to remind them of the themselves, they sent the Susquehan-
League of Peace which they had nocks to fight the Piscataways. This
lately entered into with the Pisca- is set forth as follows,"then was ta-
taways." ken into consideration the state of the
In this we have some important Indian affairs and the matters which
Historical facts, (1) that the Senecas lately passed between the Governor
and Susquehannocks or some of the and Council the Piscataway Indians,
Susquehannocks were in strong touching the murders committed and
league and friendship with each other it is advised to send for the Emperor
Digitized by Coogle
dians and remind them of the League I the five single acorns he declared to
of Peace and that we are desirous to be a place inhabited by the English
speak with them in relation to a late where the Senecas used to treat and
encounter between them (The Pisca- whither he was sent from the four
taways) and the Susquehannocks and first towns with a present which be
that the said Councll had something delivered; but by the description of
to propound to his Lordship for their the said place, to be a place of great
security against the Foreign Indians." resort and trade for the said !ndians
In this it is hinted that Maryland is for powder and shott. It appeared
about to raise a force to secure the to be 'Fort Albany and they were
Province against these Senecas, who Dutch to whom he had delivered the
were mis-leading the Susquehan- present."
nocks and we shall see that this He said the towns were all peace-
finally brought on the Ninan Beall able and quiet excepting only the two
expedition. towns among which the Susquehan-
1679-Tbe Susquehannocks Divided nocks had divided themselves. He
Into Two Divisions by the Five Na.1 declared that in every fort there were
tlons; One Kept In New York and: some English. He further said that
the Other Established at the Old the Senecas allowed him to go to see
Susquebnnnock Fort; Further De. his friends freely; and so he is here;
luded by the Senecas Against the and that he would weight his mind
English. and the English and tell them who
Under the. date of March 19,1679 in it was that had done the English all
Vol. 15 of the Maryland Archives, pp. the mischief; viz.: those two nations
238-240 the following may be found, amongst whom the Susquehannocks
"Present at a Councll, the Speaker now live and that they would do more
and the great men of the Piscataway: mischief yet, both to the Piscataways
The interpreter was ordered to tell and the English. They told him he
them that we are lately Informed that must return, in ten days.
there was one among them that lately He was asked whether those two
came from the Senecas and that hiSi nations with whom the Susqueban-
Lordship had a great desire to speak nocks lived were at war or peace
to him. The said Indian that came I wit:tt the other four nations, and he
from the Senecas being made ac- answered that they were a l ~ together
quainted with his Lordship's desire to in peace and amity with one another;
hear him gave the following account. and that the Susquehannocks go from
He begins by laying on the table five town to town peaceably as friends and
single acorns some small distance netophs (netoughs) that is chlldren
from each other and four together at or cousins, but that the four nations
one place which he signifies the four now seem to blame the English very
towns of the Senecas, from which he much for letting so many of the Sus-
came-the four next single acorns he quehannocks escape as they did for
likewise declared to be four other they are of such a bloody and turbu-
towns of the Senecas, with the two lent mind that they wlll never cease
middle most whereof the Susquehan- doing mischief both to the English
nocks had divided themselves and Piscataways so long as one re-
amongst; and lived there, to saY,.one- mains alive.
half at one town and one-half at the He was asked whether those two
other. The fifth and outermost of forts with whom the Susquehannocks
Digitized by Coogle
lived be of the same bloody mind as nocks because it was given by a
the Susquehannocks themselves, to friendly Indian who was captured by
which he replied at first, that "they the Secenas and had leave ot absence;
were not, but by instigations of the and because It seems exactly In line
Susquehannocks he does believe they I with what the Susquehannocks de-
are now become as one. He also elared to do. However, there may
says the Susquehannocks laugh and have been Intrigue In It and a well
jeer at the English, saying they can I formed plot to get the Susquehan-
do what mischief they please for the I nocks In trouble with Maryland
English can not see them. He said again for it must be remenbered that
those forts were three moons' from a year before the Susquehannocks
Piscataway as he was three moons in were begging Maryland for peace.
coming. He was asked whether the However, it seems that it was only
Susquehannocks did intend to come that small branch of the Susquehan-
down against the Plscataways and the nocks who were living at the old
English and in Virginia, and he said Susquehannock Fort that were ask-
that a great man of the Susquehan- ing for peace; and it is likely that
nocks made a speech saying, he was the other and greater branch of the
pretty well satisfied with the revenge Susquehannocks who were living in
he had taken of the Virginians by these two Senecas forts in New York
the help and assistance of those In- were very revengful against Mary-
dians and now intended to fall on the land as this messenger said. We
Plscataways and English in Maryland also see here that it is proved beyond
for they (the Susquehannocks), had doubt that a great body .of Susque-
done little or nothing there yet and hannocks did go and live with the
that a considerable party had gone Senecas of New York. Another thing
forth 20 days ago. This he said he is noticeable and that is the wisdom
had heard from an Indian that had of the Five Nations In statecraft,they
escaped from the towns in which very wisely determined to establish
the Susquehannocks lodged. He some of their tribes with some of the
said the forces of those two towns or conqliered Susquehannocks in the old
forts were so strong that he could not Susquehannock Country to preserve
express It, and that the great men of their rights and look after their con-
the Susquehannocks said that they quered lands in Pennsylvania; as
well e.s to take the remainder of the
would never have any peace with the
English of Maryland or the Plscata- Susquehannocks with them to New
ways or the Chopticos or an other !ork-for the double purpose of keep-
y mg the Susquehannocks weak by dl-
Indians on the south side of the Pata- vlding them and of keeping them
psco." . I among themselves In a friendly way
In this we see that the revenge to consolidate the Susquehannockl!
which the Susquebannocks swore on with themselves for the purpose of
t
h hit f Ma 1 d d th further enlarging the great confeder-
ewes 0 ryan an e acy of the Five Nations.
friendly Indians with Maryland for
slaughtering their great men at the 1680-The Piscataways Much Frlgh.
Potomac Fort was still in their I tened by These MOTements of
hearts and that they were determin- the Susquehannocks and
ed to carry it out. We can not I the Senecas.
suppose that this story was a series I In Vol. 15 of the Maryland Arch.,
of falsehoods against the Susquehan- p. 277 we now see the result of the
Digitized by Coogle
revengful heart of the Susquehan-
nocks. At a Council held on the
31st. of March this year at Notley
Hall, the following is set forth, "At
this time and place the Emperor and
great men of the Piscataways came
to acquaint his Lordship that they
had a great desire to make peace
with all the Northern Indians, both
the Senecas and Susquehannocks and
to that end had prepared several pre-
sents wherewith they had desired to
send some agents of theirs to the
Mattawomans to desire their assist-
ance."
And in the same book, p. 279 under
the date of April 1st., the following
letter was given by the Council of
Maryland:-"To Our Civil and Mili-
tary Officers in the Province and
other Good People: Whereas the Em-
pereor and great men of the Plsca-
taways in behalf of himself and the
Indians under his subjection are de-
sirous to conclude a general peace
with the Northern Indians, Including
the Senecas and Susquehannocks and
have sought of us llberty so to do
and ask a letter of consent, granting
free pass to their agents:-This is to
allow their agents, two men and a
woman quietly to pass, etc., which
we hereby grant unto them."
1880-The Senecas and Susquehan-
nocks Building New Forts from
Which to FIght the PIs-
cafaways.
Under the date of May 12, 1680, it
Is set forth in 15 Maryland Archives,
p. 280. "On Monday the 10th In-
stant, in the evening came down from
Piscataway Fort an Indian to inform
me that the Senecas and Susquehan-
nocks Indians had built them a fort
within sight of the Piscataway fort.
They judge it to be about 500 yards
distant and that there are about 300
of them. When our Indians dis-
couraged them they immediately en-
gaged with them which had been the
best part of two days when the In-
dians came down to us. I under-
stand their desire is that they might
have some English to assist them;
therefore I thought fit to acquaint
you. In their engagement I under-
stood from this Indian that they sev-
eral times discoursed with each other
and that they llkely scattered about
and killed several horses for their
provisions." This is all of a letter
of William Chandler, High SherUr of
Charles County on the River that the
Senecas and Susquehannocks have
come down to the Piscataway Fort.
On the same day that this letter
was read it was concluded, "that
Captain Randolph Brandt be com-
manded with one squadron of his
troop, consisting of 20 men whom he
shall deem fit forthwith to march to
Piscataway Fort and there fully to
Inform himself of the truth; and that
John Stone be commanded to accom-
pany him to the Fort and assist the
gentlemen of Charles County, and
also to take report by Monday next,"
(See 15 Md. Arch. p. 281).
1680--Captafn Brandt's Report About
the Susquehannocks and the
Senecas.
Under the date of May 17, this year
this report was made and Is as fol-
lows: "In obedience to your Lord-
ship's command we have been with
the Piscataway Indians, who seemed
much concerned that we came not
sboner; but have given them s a t l s ~
faction in that particular. What
they say in touching the Senecas and
Susquehannocks Is that they came
upon the Forte on Sunday last, their
number was supposed to be about
200, and several times firing upon the
Fort, and at last they came to a
treaty. The Plscataways would have
bought their peace, proffering a pre-
Digitized by Coogle
sent; but the Susquehannocks told men, women and children until such
them they would have revenge for time as they have heard what peace
the great men killed in the late war, their ambassador lately sent to the
and that they expected to have their Senecas and Susquehannocks can
Indians who were taken by the Eng- procure and In the Interim powder
Ush restored. They several times and shott be sent them for better de-
asked about this when the Engllsh- fense against the Susquehannocks, If
men were at the Piscataway side, and a war come on."
In a skirmish one man was wounded And a few days later 1\Iay 22, It was
in the foot, being then In the Em- ordered "that the Emperor of the
peror's Cabin. Sundry shott were Piscataways be given to understand
made at the Fort and many horses that the Susquehannocks say If all
killed by them. The Senecas left the Chopticos and the Mattawomans
them Wednesday and went very much were at Piscataway with the Em-
dissatisfied. They expect them back peror they would not then even be
dally in great numbers. A boy of Mr. able to ftght the Senecas and Susque-
Lines being sent from his quarters hannocks who are over 1000 men;
to look for a horse lot himself In the and that the Virginians do not be-
woods and by chance came on the Heve that the Senecas murdered
Fort, and confirms this also. The these people and say all the murders
Plscataways ask for more powder now committed are by the Piscata-
having spent much of their store; I ways. And the Council think better
and they ask to be allowed to move for the Plscataways and Mattawoman
down to the Mattawomans."-(See 15 to remove with their wives and chll-
Md. Archives, p. 283). I dren to the Nanticokes for some time
1680 - Council Decide to Help the till the Virginians do say that the
Piscataways Against tbe Sus- I Senecas and Susquehannocks murd-
quehannocks. I dered the people and that we may
In 15 Md. Archives, p. 284, under have time to procure them a firm
the date of May 17, It is set forth, peace with the Senecas and Susque-
"The proprietor and Council take In- h:mnocks."
to consideration the present condl- At the same place it Is set forth
tiOD of the Emperor of the Plscata- that the Emperor of the Plscataways 0
ways and the Indians under his com- was lately at the Susquehannock
mand oppressed by the Senecas and Fort, conferring with the Susquehan-
Susquehannocks. And the Emperor nocks before he confers with the
of the Piscataways having declared English again.
that he will not stay at the place of 1680-Tbe Plscataways and Matta-
his wasted habitation, but for security
remove himself and his men and their
wives and children to the Matta-
womans or other places of safety.
His Lordship commanded the several
articles of peace with the said Em-
peror and nations under him to be
read of 1666-1670. He also, with the
advise of his Council doth hereby ap-
point Nanticoke River for the place
for the said Emperor to receive his
womans Blame tbe Englisb for
Making Tbem Enemies of
the Susquebannocks.
In 15 Md. Archives, pp. 299 and 300
under the date of June 1, Captain
Randolph Brandt gave thl.& report,
"In obedience to your command of
the 23rd. ult., I have communicated
with the Piscataways and Matta-
womans and Mr. John Stone who
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER RANCoOT1:R CoENTY INRIAN TRIARS 117
conferred with them and they say We begin to see now that the SUFl-
they will not remove but will use quehannock Indians among the S1I1e-
powm" defel1d and wds?1 they are hefd amon"d tflem TeCTce
not hald c.mt and fenger, will that are t?1cdng to e2Jeape
thrust themselves amongst the Eng- from them. We shall see shortly toat
]jsh; and they also say they are be- the Senecas quickly resented this
ensInIe2J of Succzlcnhan- determimc;d to bnleher a of
Indfcmcc and utlier Imlans whldc brought the l1dd;eal
through the means of the English by the Susquehannocks to Maryland
and for that reason they will not for help and Ninan Beall then led the
us. the of 1,rat- cenpeCltlon ilieil'
nl1TOmanS aHegeth thei;cccccern Sili-The
shore Indians are as much their ene-
mies as the Susquehannocks, oeca-
by goindTIth us cioainst
NantkoHcc2J abOUT" eTo yearcc 'egO."
1680--Snsqnehannocks and Senecas
Modng Fonl o. the PiscatawadSo
Vol. of thn ['lmoylanc1 Etch.,
p. 1d2 under date oiC June 6, is
set forth a note from John Munn's
relating to the Piscataways and it
:-"1 ccui'd;OSe Hc2J d2Jeat had
dowr; I))core tHIs, 1mt I the
Susquehannocks and Senecas have
been foul of them on Friday last,
havinn killed of the 01eata-
men" "I;"}}fs InfnTl1ation e;ave
of James Jefferson, who came from
the fort and brought a horse from
latelo Clhot whh on arrOT"
Mombert
Etc.
his Hiccto2JY of hOclc.cas-
25 sayee teat abeuL ihis
"a seU.lccment pianLei' by
the conquerors at Conpstoga which.
became the chief and place of Coun-
Cleated the Susqceehanna bCl;fow
bork. residence were the
Nations. chiefly the Seneca
but comprising some times
Opnidas, I cao n.qas Tuscaeoros."
LIc.e Conqnrrors he mOiiOS the
Senecas and others of the Five Na-
have been talking

whom Oenn
werCl beggao hoquols (ond
d4SIllO--SnscyoucfmnnocOs Desert O"eom tIc at In 1682 there was not one of the
the Seneca's Armies and Tribes.
In Vol. 15 of the Maryland Arch.,
;C;lc5 Unll01" the date June 680
set In a fcnmmuniccetion to
Lord Baltimore as fonows: "1 have
endeavored to inform myself by an
and mfans IndLfms did
late mnnfers they sun
unknown. But I am of the opinion
it was some of those Susquehan-
fled incm the nf;neca afm
u
and
ffappily it be that the
mischief, for the several foregoing
years along the same river. It does
appef"f" be Senecaee ees I
TSOf"ed at
reprefcmfing
COilsstogas, In
oecupafion." Faets seen
to prove him not entlr.ely correct in
this statement
the nttgCCCaS
and Thllir SusquehannockSlaves.
I:Ja Vol. 15 of the Maryland Arch .
lrl3, Untll'l" the date July is
Iorth "the of tn;e 1e1at-
tawomans shows a medal in token of
your Lordship's friendship to him
beginCl to in feat the
JCnuehacmneee and Senecacc cend
Digiti Go e
pretends a want of arms and am- l88l-Tbe Piscataways )[ocll FrIglI-
munition and Intends speedily to tened.
make lIls address to you Hnd the Pis- In Vol 15 of the Md. Archives, p.
cataways and sending scouts out 336 It i. set down that "the Pisca-
dally have discovered tbe enemy (the
Susquehannocks) and are In some
doubt they will be foul of them before
the Fort is Finished"
l881-More Light on tbe Location of
the Soaqaellannoeks Fort.
In a comlpunicaUon found in Vol.
Ii of the Maryland Archives, p. 272,
taways and Mattawomans are very
much frightened at the approach of
the SusquWlannocks and that they
are now in the Piscataway Fort for
safety and dare not stir out of it.
They claim that the help which they
gave the Engllsh as against the Sus-
quehannocks caused them this
trouble."
dated January 25, 1681 it is stated lM-Tbe Susqoebannocks Turn Out
that "the petition of Mr. Penn is read to Be Thieves.
concerning a tract of land to be In Vol. 15 of .the Maryland Arch.,
granted to him in America, but that p. 372 it is stated that "a certain In-
it appeared by John Verden's letter dian woman being examined for
the part of territory desired by him being accused of stealing a certain
is already possessed by the Duke of apron says that one of her children
York. He must apply to his Royal found them upon the ground and that
Highness for adjusting this respec- she bought them from the Susque-
tive pretention; and Mr. Penn being hannocks at their Fort; and that they
acquainted with the matter from the stole them. Being further examIned
letter of Lord Baltimore's Agents, he she says that she thinks it was not
does agree that the Susquehannock 'the Susquehannocks but the Senecas
Fort shall be the boundary of the I that kUled the English."
said Lord Baltimore's Province; and
as to furnishing arms and ammuni-ll68l- Maryland Determines to Wd
tion to the Indians Mr. Penn declares tbe Province of the Sosque.
himself ready to submit to any re-: banDOcks.
straint his Lordship may propose." I In Vol 7 of the Maryland ArCh., p.
This item seems to refer to some- 111, under the date of 1681 is set
thing that passed between Penn and forth a speech of the Governor of
authorities representing Lord Balti- Maryland to the Assembly, in the
more at home in England because I course of which he says, "You have
the date is before his arrival here. not been called together for a long
He seems to have had knowledge of time ........ , and had there not been
the location of the Susquehannock some Indian murders by some In-
Fort before /loming to Pennsylvania. dians not yet discovered, I should
For our purposes it is interesting to not have called you until October
some extent as fixing the location of next; bu, being duly alarmed by the
this famous old Fort. Tbls is a pro- approach of a considerable party of
ceeding which took place in England Indians that have been discovered
as is very evident from Hazard's and discoursed with by Captain
Annals, pp. 476 and 476 and what the Brandt and very much apprehending
Maryland Archives quote as simply a sudden attempt by them on our in-
a report of it which was made from habitants, it is absolutely necessary
England to Maryland. you should meet to renew speedily
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 11'
those Articles of Peace made some I corn fields down. I am apt to be-
years ago with the Senecas. We lieve these Indians are not Senecas
ought to cherish their friendship for I but Susquehannocks separated in-
U must be by their means and as- to several parties; and the Sus-
sistance that we are able to hope to I quehannocks are not now II.s friend-
rid the Province of these Susquehan- Ily as the rest of us."
nocks and other mixed Indians tlaat 1681-A Mattawoman Prisoner Whe
come earlY down and Infest both
Maryland and Virginia. Therefore I
earnestly desire you to take this
great and weIghty dail' into serious
Escaped from the Seuecas, Tells
of tbe CondltJon of the 811s-
quehanaocks.
consideration and by some early I In Vol 15 of the Maryland Arch ..
course secure the Senecas to be our I p. 390, Jackanapes an Indian belong-
friends that they may be gained to I ing to the Mattawomans declares that
aid and assist us in cutting oj! these OR New Years day he was taken a
enemies of ours (the Susquehan- prisoner by the Senecas from the
nocks) that certainly design OUI: des- Mattawoman Fort, that when they
truction as soon as they have taken came now lately before Zachaiah
from us our friends and neighbor In- Fort, he came with them; that about
dians." a day or two before they came to the
In this we see again how deter- l<'ort they sent out two canoes, in one
mined the Susquehannocks were to 10 Senecas and in the other 10 Sus-
revenge themselves for the killIng of quehannocks and a Piscataway pris-
their five chiefs in 1676. They seem- oner whom they had taken as guide,
ad never to forget the slaughter. An- with orders to go down the Potomac
other thing is noticeable here and River and so to Patuxent to hunt for
that is that the extracts stating that Indians who might be among the
Ninian Beall slaughtered the Senecas English.
in order to assist the Susquehan- And on page 383 of the same book,
nocks are wrong as we shall show under the date of June 30. Jacka-
later. That slaughter if there was napes describes the location of the
such was simply to rid the Province Susquehannocks and others at that
of Maryland of both Senecas and date. He says that the Senecas live
Susquehannocks alike. in four towns at the head 'of a great
1681-Susquehannocks Again Bllceme Rivel that comes to the Bay (The
Fearful of the Mischievous Susquehanna), that East of them live
Senecas.
In Vol. 15 of the MaITland Arch.,
p. 374 it is set out under the date of
June 25, 1681 that a Couucll held
a letter of Colonel Brandt was receiv-
ed saying, "I give you an account of
my being at Zachariah Fort where I
fonnd the Indians much troubled for
the loss of 13 of them being stolen
away by the Senecas and in daily
fear of being destroyed. Yesterday
t.hey say they discovered a Seneca
near the Fort. The Senecas laid their
the Qulaquas supposed to be friends
and eight Susquehannocks with them
and that East of them the Ononda-
goes and 14 Susqu'ehannocks with
them, farther East on a branch of
the River and its source 17 Susque-
hannocks, and further four towns of
Senecas and that where the river
and its branches come together is a
place of rendezvous of all these Na-
tions.
This shows the southern boundary
of New York along its whole length
to have been the location Indicated.
Digitized by Coogle
1881-MlU'Jland Orders No Qnarter 22, 1681 In which the Senecas make
to be Given to the Susquehan.
noeks.
In Vol .. 15 of the Maryland Arch.,
p. 384 under the date of June 30, 16&1
instructions. are given by Maryland
to paptaln Brandt as follows: "Since
we have certain intelligence that
there have been 10 Susquehannocks.
it appear that the Susquehannocks
shuw a redress to trust their . for-
tUlles again to Maryland. They seem
now to be In fear of their old con-
querors the Senecas. The Item is as
follows :-Jacob Young who was a.
friend of the Susquehannocks and it
seems had married R Susquehannock
squaw now came (with several
and 10 Senecas dispatched from this i Northern Indians, and In behalf of
great party down the Potomac, with i them all), aDd says: "They desire
a prisoner for their guide to try what they may have a house built at the
Indians they can surprise, and since Falls of the Susquehanna River and
we have certain intelligence that that they may have the liberty of
when the Susquehannocks meet trading with the English when they
either Indians or English they give no come down and if any English desire
quarter, it Is appointed that ~ e to 0 to their country they will be
Northern Indians refuse to treat wlth f d t d"
Captain Brandt at Zachalah Fort is: sa e y con uc e .
out of a design to do him mischief, to I This request is made by 10 Sene-
prevent this you are to demand: cas on behalf of their troop of 300
(I) Ten Piscataway Indians as warriors. This is really a trick on
guides to flnd those Northern Indians the part of the Senecas to mislead
to treat with them; the Marylanders and also the Sus-
(2) Secure those Piscataway In- quebannocks.
dians from all violence;
(3) If foreigners assault you, to 1681-State of the Susquehannoeks
defend against it;
(4) Make no peace unless it in-
clude the Piscataways and the Matta-
womans;
(5) Let the foreign Indians know
that we had several murders com-
mitted of late, that we know there
are 10 Susquehannocks and 10 Sene-
cas sent down to fan upon the Eng-
lish."
All this shows that the Senecas and
with the.m the Susquehannocks are
still murdering the English and as
we shall soon see are fast drifting
into a war with Maryland which
turned out very disastrous to the In-
dians.
1681-The Senecas and Snsquehan.
noeks Make Overtures for aNew
Fort on the Snsqnehanna
RIver.
II. 4, there is an item dated August
Among the Fhe Nations.
p. 5 appears the following informa-
tion given by the Onondagoes, Sene-
cas and Oneidas who appear before
Council and are asked how many Sus-
quehannocks are there among them.
They say "There are in all four
forts-Onondagoes, 300 men-Onei-
das, 180 men-Quiagoes (Cayugas),
300 men-Mohawks, 300-and among
these four Nations are some Susque-
hannocks but how many they can
not tell. Some are among the real
Senecas and they believe were the
Susquehannocks, all together they
would make about 100 flghting men.
There are 14 Susquehannocks with
the Oneidas,l 7 with the Onondagoes
but the chief of them are with the
Mingoes joined to the Sennondoni-
anes, but the chief of them are with
Digitized by Coogle
the Cayugas." They also say there' Ush in Patapsco and other places and
is another small nation called the rendered the Piscataways suspected
Black Mingoes joined to the Sennon- of being our friends. .
donianes, who are to the right of the (2) That if we abandon the Pi sca-
Senecas. This shows the scattered taways they must incorporate them-
condition of the Susquehannocks at selves with the Northern Indians and
this time; part of them were down in that case become another engaged
the river and part of them amongst enemy with the Susquehannocks
the various tribes of the Five Na- against them.
tiona. (3) That then no Nation (not even
1681-The IroquoIs Now Are Very the Northern Indians themselves)
will ever trust us more; and the
Bold, Ete .. And Threaten to Des- Nanticokes and the Eastern Shore In-
troy tbe Susquebannoekll. dians must follow their example and
In Vol. 62 of the Jesuit Re:atlon, p. leave us friendless and utterly un-
169 it is reported as follows: "that able to deal with the skulking enemy
the utmost efforts must be used to
prevent the Iroquois ruining the
European Nations as they heretofore
ruined the Algonquins, Susquehan-
nocks (Andastes), Loups, Abenaques,
and others," as these successers have
made them very bold and haughty.
1682-The Senecas Now Make Bold
who war only by surprise."
Efforts were now being made by
the Senecas to bring this about so
that a seperate invasion might be
made into Maryland.
1682-The Susquehannocks incite the
Senecas to Fall Upon Maryland.
Preparations to Invade Mary-, p. 100, the following is set forth as
land. instructions to Colonel Coursey.
In Vol. 7 of the Maryland Arch., "There lfath been some discourse as
p. 270 under the date of May 4, If those Northern Indians would be
1682 is an article showing how Mary- hired to cut off the remnant of the
land tries to defend against the i Susquehannocks. If you find any
Northern invasions. It is there set truth in that fail not pursue that
forth as follows: "We hope both point and purchase the peace of this
houses w1l1 consider: Province from the Senecas by extin-
(1) That the Piscataways became guishing that viper's (Susquehan-
enemies to the Susquehannocks nocks) brood that never fails to kill
merely upon the score of Articles of all English whenever they are the
Peace made with Honorable Leonard greater number in any party and
Calvert, Esq., at first and afterwards make us feel the effects of war
by assisting us against the Susque- though they live under the shelter of
hannocks in the year of 1676. That Nations that pretend a peace with
it is the remnant of these Susque- us; and be sure to inculcate into the
hannock Indians that engage those Northern tribes upon all treaties for
Northern Indians with whom they are the Plscataways, showing the nOl'th-
now . incorporating to revenge. ern Indians that we are doing no
Thereupon the Piscataways remind- more in protecting the Piscataways
ing them that they (the Piscataways) than they do in protecting the Sus-
formerly killed some Northern In- quehannocks and that they ought in
dians at St. Mary's because those reason to allow us the same liberty
Northern Indians had murdered Eng- that they take to themselves."
Digitized by Coogle
It Is now evident that the relations I whose remains are still standing on
between the FIve Nations and the the East side of the Susquehanna
EnglIsh of Maryland were very much about three mlles below WrIght's
strained and lIable to produce the Ferry by the defeat of many hlln-
flame of war at any time. And this dreds had given. them a blow which
we shall see did shortly happen by they never recovered of and for this
Maryland protecting herself. reason the confederates (The Five
IG8!-Colonel NInllo Beall Made
Banger.
p. 72 It was "ordered that six men In
arms under the command of Colonel
Ninian Beall be commanded out to
continue ranging between the head of
the Patuxent River and the branches
there about, up to the Susquehannock
Fort for the discovery of any In-
dian enemy that may appear."
1682-Nlnlan Beall's Expedltloo and
Slaughter of Indians at Susque.
hannock Fort.
From all we can gather is seems
that it was about this year that Nln-
ian Beall got into a bloody conflict
with the Senecas and Sllsquehan-
nocks under the Senecas. The
writers of Maryland History all take
the ground the Beall had this fight
with the Senecas to help the Susque-
hannocks. I do not believe that the
real history sustains that. I believe
that the Susquehannocks were in
enmity at this time as intensely as
the Senecas, and all which we have
just been citing undoubtedly shows
that. There is, however, only small
proof that there was a great slaugh-
ter and the historical writers take it
for granted. They further show
their unreliable Information by not
being able to fix the date. Lewis
Evans in his "Analysis" which I have
cited before at pp. 11 and 12 says the
Five Nations "gave the finishing
stroke to the extermination to the
Susquehannocks. But Beall in the
service of Maryland at the Fort
Nations) never claimed back to the
Conewago Falls."
Evans and Ellis in their history of
Lancaster County say, "the Govern-
ment selected Nlnian Beall to com-
mand the troops (to help the Sus-
quehannocks). At last. a commander
was chosen who was no coward. He
marched with his forces up the left
bank of the Susquehanna RJver to
the town and fort which stood on
what Is now Witmer's farm. Colonel
Beall took several small cannon with
him. The exact date of the march
and the time when the sanguinary
battle was fought are not given but it
must have been in the year 1676 or
167fl. Mr. Johnson in his history of
Cecil county placed the period in the
year of 1682."
In Vol. 2 of the Colonial Records.
p. 387 in the 22nd cf July, 1707 one of
the spokesmen of the Conestogas was
asked by Governor Evans how long
the Indians of that neighborhood
were at peace with the Five Nations
and the Indian replied 27 years. That
would make the date of peace in 1680
and of course the expedition if it was
to help the Susquehannocks would
have been before the Susquehan-
nocks were at peace with the FIve
Nations. I believe however, that the
answer of the Indian was wrong and
thrt peace was not established before
the year 1682.
The best authority we have 'on both
whether there was an expedition
against the Five Nations and when it
occured is to be found in Vol. 6,
Second Series of the Pennsylvania
Archives, pp. 731 to 734. It is there
Digitized by Coogle
set forth that a treaty of peace in Young is set forth charging:
that year was being made between (1) That Jacob Young not regard-
the Five Nations and the Governor ing due obedience which he as one of
of Maryland and the proceedings of the people of this Province ought I to
the treaty are there set out at large. his Lordship hath endeavored to
At page 734, the Agent for Maryland, alienate his affection from the Pro-
Colonel Henry Coursey says, to the prietary and the better to do it did
different tribes of the Five Nations contract marriage and take to wife an
.who were present, "You have k1lled Indian woman of the Susquehannock
our horses, cattle and hogs and rob- Nation; by whom he had several
bed our bouses and killed some of chlldren one or more of which is now
our subjects, whereby we were justly among the Indians and he the said
provoked to have m3.de a w ~ r upon I Jacob Young is more concerned for
you, and dispatched away our them than is this province:
troops to your country to have re- (2) That the said Jacob Young has
venge for tbe several mischiefs done so far espoused the interest of the
to us." He then goes on to tell them Susquehannocks and other Northern
at the same time the soldiers went Indians that in 1675 and several
to make the war, he now comes to years since at Cecil county, even
make peace. This happened the 4th w ~ e n the said Indians were enemies,
of August, 1682 .. I would not know did succor aid and assisted the Sus-
what else he could mean by saytng quehannocks against the PiBcata-
that "we dhlpatched away our troops ways:
into your country to have revenge" (3) That the said Jacob Young to
unless he meant to refer to Colonel show his affection and kindness to
Beall's expedition. We have noticed those Susquehannocks has often in
in a former item that Beall was I years and places aforesaid, given out
made Ranger at the beginning of the in speeches and declared that the
year 1682. I have no authentic Susquehannocks are an innocent and
proof that Beall had cannon with harmless people and has pall1ated
him or that he slaughtered many their rapine and justified their mu;-
SenecRs. I do not believe that there II ders: .
was an extensive slaughter and the (4) That while empioyed by the
authoritles which I have just quoted I Province to help bring about peace
would seem to show that Beall was between the Province and the North-
only sent to frighten the Senecas and ern Indians, causing great outlays of
that before he did much killing peace tobacco, Jacob did secretly instigate
was arranged. There is only one hostiUties to be continued and pre-
thing mare to add and that is that I vented peace'
this was the last warfare between the I .
whites and the Indians on Pennsy- (5) That Jacob further declared
Ivania Boil in these early days until his adherence to the said Susquehan-
the French and Indian war broke out nocks and other Northern Indians by
in 1755. This expedition of Beall carrying on an oppressive war
thus bJlPpened a few months before
W11liIj,JD Penn arrived in' his Pro- against the Piscataways on no other
vince, I account than that the Piscataways
188J.-The Impeachment of Jacob! did not assist the Susquehannocks in
Young. the late war by them made against
In Vol. 7 of the Maryland Archives, the Proprietor and did make it his
p. 370 an impeachment against Jacob business to move and stir up the
Digitized by Coogle
Susquehannocks to make war on the I 1880..-Susquehannocks Still Among
Piscataways; and did take upon him I the Senecas.
to tr"vel to several parties. to the In V I 17 f th
Susquehannocks then scattered in i p. 110 0 0 date e
several parts of Maryland and Vir- is set forth that "an express' from
ginia and rallying them did encour- New York brings advise that some
athgles tphem lin hostile manner to Invade hosts of Northern Indians are set out
rov nce:
(6) And since his imprisonment he for these parts; and those that al-
gives out that he has so much In- ready set forth were headed chie1ly
1luence over the Susquehannocks by the Susquehannocks and other
that he can make them do what he war captains and are ill effected to-
pleases;. and when he was put in I ward the Governor of Maryland.
Irons he now declares he will have Therefore. to prevent blood-shed and
revenge on those who put him in surprise all the military commanders
irons." are to have timely notice."
No comment is needed on this im- On the same Hubject there Is a let-
peachment as it explains itself. One ter to Captain Blockhouse found in
or two points are worthy of notice. 117 Maryland Archives. p. 203 which
to wit: that the Susquehannocks I states. "Our humble request Is that
were yet a source of annoyance and you w111 by the opportunity that
terror to Maryland and they evidently I comes this way send a power from
had influential friends such as this your hand to us to dispatch away
man Jacob Young and others of a from hence persons that we may em-
similar standing. ploy for our money to present the
168i--Jacob Young's Answer. Northern Indians; which are com-
Jacob Young filed his answer to manded by the Susquehannocks of
the above impeachment saying: whom we have too great cause to
(1) "That he denies he is an enemy fear for their designs against the
of the Government. Christians."
(2) He denies that he married a From this we see that the Susque-
Susquehannock Indian womim and hannocks llvlng among the Senecas
never had any children by such wife; were great agitators of strife and
and never was concerned for the Sus- kept the Colonists in mortal dread.
quehannock Nation against Mary- They had military power and were
land: natural leaders; and are now found
(3) That In 1675 he did not live in commanding and leading forth to
Maryland but In Delaware and was pillage bands of other Northern In-
sent for to come to Maryland to In- dlans.
terpret for Maryland the Susquehan-
nock language and that he several 1682-Peace Between Maryland and
times at the risk of his life induced the Five Nations, (Including the
the Susquehannocks to be loyal Susquehannocks Under TheIr
to this Government and to stay wlth- ControL)
in Its bounds; and that he persuaded I In Vol. 5 of the Second Series of
the Susquehannocks that were gone 1 the Pennsylvania Archives. pp. 731
over the Delaware to come back. at to 739 Is set forth an extensive
great hazzard he sought out the sald treaty between Maryland and the
Susquehannocks and found them." Five Nations; It Is a long treaty and
(See 7 Md. Archives. pp. 386 to 391). Is as follows:
Digitized by Coogle
(1) That the parties will keep per-I the rest of his comrades, except he
fect faith with each other: had a slq-blue sash of silk net-work
(2) That they will not join to-I around his waist.
gether so aa to overcome the other
provides: Gordon In his tiistory at page 603
(3) That If any Indian among any In a note saYl! that the Indians at
Christians or any of the Christians Conestoga In 1722 showed Governor
living among the Indians commit Keith a roll of parchment containing
murder upon the other party that a treaty which Penn made wIth them
those so commlttlng the murder and he says It was the great treaty
I .
(4) That the friendship with the He als'O quotes Mr. R. Cunningham
Plscataways shall be kept and that saying that he, Cunningham, dlscov-
all these provisions will be kept. ered an envelope In a bundle 'Ot pap-
This treaty also provides that If ers relating to the Shawnese Indians
either parties have prisoners among with the f'OllowIng endorsement,
them that they will give them up; "Minutes of the Indian Conference In
this Includes the Sus uehannocks. Relation to the Great Treaty made
q with Wllliam Penn at the Big Tree,
Susquehaunocks Indians I Shackamaxon on the 14th of the 10th
Ieet; WnHam PenD. I month, 1682." The papers are not to
Rupp in his History of Lancaster I be found. As further proof that the
County, p. 24, says, "that when the Conestogas were at Penn's treaty or
first grand treaty with the Indians" met Penn at one of the early treaties
was held . that Indians were present at Philadelphia, this note sets out
"from the shores of the Susquehan- that Tawenna a Conestoga chief at
na." The same Is set forth In Lyle's a treaty held under Governer Ger-
History 'Of Lancaster County, p. 3. I'don, May 26, 1729 made reply to a
Membert In his History' 'Of Lancas- speech which he the IndIan Chief
ter Ceunty, p. 49 says, "There were I said Penn had made te them under
at least three Indian tribes present I the Elm tree. Membert also says at
at the great treaty the Lenni La- p. 48, citing Watson's Annals that
napes living near the Delaware; the William Penn in 1682 endeared hlm-
Mlngoes frem Conestoga and the I self to the Indians, and that "he
Shawanese from the Susquehanna. walked with sat with them en
Penn was accompanied by a few the greund and ate with them their
of his friends." Membert also quotes reasted acorns and hominy. At this
Janney In saying, "It was near the they expressed delight and seen be-
clese 'Of Nevember, 1682, the loftiers gan te show how they ceuld hop and
en the banks 'Of the Delaware had jump, at which exhibitlen to cap the
shed their summer attire, the grDund climax, William Penn sprang up and
was strewn with leaves, and the beat them all." This Is given fDr
Council fire burned brightly fanned by what It Is worth.
the breeze." He then goes en to tell Hockwelder In hIs narrative on the
how the Indians sat at the treaty and Indians, p. 77, In cDmmenting upon
of their peculiar dress; that the I the Paxtung murder 'Of the Cenes-
chiets were In frent 'Of the aged men tegas that "they were the descen-
In the form 'Of a half moon; the I dants 'Of thDse ancient Cenestoga In-
young men and aged WDmen and fur- dians whe welcDmed him upen this
ther back the YDuth 'Of bDth sexes., first arrival and presented him with
He says that Penn was dressed like venison, etc." He wDuld the ref 'Ore
Digitized by Coogle
126 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHA.'lNOCKS AND
have us believe that when the In-I fore the Maryland Council relative to
dians of the Susquehanna Territory Jacob Young. I quote it as follows:
went to the great treaty and wei com- "The House find against Jacob Young
ed Wllliam Penn that they took veni- that In 1677 when C,!lonel Henry
ilion and meat along as presents. Coursey was empowered by commis-
168!!-The Susquehannocks IOTe to
Turkey Hili.
Lyle In her history 8tates that In
this year the Susquehannocks moved
to Turkey Hill on the Susquehanna.
Turkey HllI is In Manor Township
three miles below Columbia-(See
Lyle's History, p. 20). At the same
page this history says that this time
Penn visited the Susquehannocks.
I am inclined to think It was a year
or two later; and this history also
states that Penn gave them their In-
dian town of 600 acres In Manor
Township about this same time-
(See same page Lyle's History).
There is no doubt that there was
always a good feeling and amity be-
eween Pennsylvania and the Susque-
hanna Indian tribes and without a
ripple. On p. 15 of Vol. 2 of the Col-
onial Records is set forth the treaty
with the Susquehannock Indians con-
cerning lands in 1701, and the second
paragraph states, "Hitherto there has
always been a good understanding
and neighborhood between the said
William Penn and his Lieutenants
Since his first arrival in this Prov-
Ince and the several nations of In-
dians inhabiting in and about the
same." This all shows that there
was very. early friendly communica-
tion and general good understanding
between the tribes of Indians on the
Susquehanna River and the Govern-
ment of Wlll1am Penn.
lOSS-Consultation on Jacob Young's
Alleged Consplraey With the
sion from Thomas Notley to go to
Albany to negotiate be took Jacob
Young as an Interpreter, and when
Coursey after coming to Albany told
Jacob Young that his commission was
to conclude a peace Jacob answered
that if he had known so much before
he came thither that the Susquehan-
nocks were 110t to be Included In the
peace he had rather given 20,000
pounds of tobacco than to come
along and that in 1682 when the
Northern Indians came and besieged
the Piscataway Fort, Colonel COUrsey
and Colonel Stevens sent as agents
and Young as interpreter, Young in-
quired why the Northern Indians
came down to war with the Piscata-
ways contrary to treaties which
Young was to ask them, the said
Young said nothing for some time but
afterwards answered that if he had
thought he was to have spoken of
any such thing he would rather have
given 20,000 pounds of tobacco than
bave come. Since bis Imprisonment
he bas said the Susquehannocks are
an innocent people and that he can
make them do what he will."
The two Houses took this matter
up but they finally disagreed about
Jacob Young's punishment and, af-
ter being Imprisoned for some time
he was discharged.
UI8S-The First of Penn's Purchases
From the IndloDs of the Sus-
quehanna River.
The first purchase by Penn of
land on the Susquehanna River which
Susquehannocks. I can find is shown by a deed from
In Vol. 7 of the Maryland Archives I Kepelappan found in Vol. 1 of the
pp. 475 and 476 It Is stated that the Penna. Archives, p. 67. It is as fol-
following proceeding took place be- lows: "I, Kekelappan, of Opalskunk,
Digitized by Coogle
for me, my heirs and Assigns, do I tive orders from mee about itt and
hereby give and grant unto William i Mr. Haige, Esqr., Penn's is
Penn, Proprietary and Governor of I to be acquainted with the contents
ye of Pennsylvania, etc., his of this Letter. Gentlemen, I am, as-
Heirs and Assignes, that half of alII suredly, Your Faithful Servant,
my lands betwixt Susquehanna and! THOMAS DUNGAN.
Delaware, which iyeth on the Sus-I As this letter plainly shows Dun-
quehanna side; and do hereby fur-I gan savs it as t t
h o.y w necessary 0 pu a
t er promise to sell unto him at Ye'I' stop to all Penn's proceedings with
next Spring, at my return from hunt- the Indians on the Susquehanna at
ting, ye othllr half of my land, at as I present. The Susquehannock In-
reasonable rates as other Indians I dians who sold Penn land here lain-
have been used to sell in this Riverlly were imposin a fraud u on
P
him
In witness whereof I have hereunto i the knew th Fi P N '
sett my hand and seal at Phuadel-I y - e ve ations
phia ye 10th of November, 1683." owned the land and that they had no
Just to what point the land ex- right to sell it.
tends we can not now ascertain but I 168S-Another of Penn's First Pur.
we will notice that the deed recited I chases From the Indians on the
that it is land between the Delaware
and Susquehanna Rivers, lying on the Susquehanna rover.
Susquehanna side, therefore, it is' a In Vol. 5 of the Maryland Archives
part of our county now. p. 402 there is a letter written by
It seems that almost as soon as this WilHam Penn, dated at New Castle,
purchase was made Penn's troubles I Oct. 16, 1683, which is as follows:
began with the Five Nations, who as "I do hereby declare that I have
we have seen before were the owners I bought of Machaloha all his land and
of all this land by conquest, having I rights by the Delaware River and the
subjugated the Susquehannocks. They River of Susquehanna and Bay of
made their dissatisfaction known to Chesapeake. And I do warn all per-
Governor Dungan of New York whc sons that they presume not to settle
sent a letter dated the 18th of Sept- thereon without my leave and that
ember, 1683 to the Indian commis- those that actually are or hereafter
sioners of New York which may be shall setUe upon any part of the
found in Vol. 1 of the Penna. Arch., same do behave themselves justly
p. 74 and is as follows: "Gentlemen: and lawfully towards him and his fel-
I have this day advised with the low Indians."
Councill, and after a serious con- Machaloha was one of the inferior
sideration as a cause of so great Im- chiefs of the Susquehannocks but I
portance require, it is for good and am not able to say whether he was,
weighty reasons thought very conven- a pure Susquehannock or a represen-
lent and necessary to putt a stopp to tative of some of the Northern con-
all proceedings in Mr. Penn's affairs federates. But further particulars of
with the Indyns until bis bounds & this purchase may be found in Vol.
Hmits be adjusted, att ye determin- 1 of the Penna. Archives, p. 67
I
Ing of which I think either to be per- I where this Machaloha under the date
son ally present or else send some' I of October 18, 1683. in a deed says
person. You are, therefore, to suf- that he is the owner of all the lands
fer no manner of proceedings in that from the Delaware River to the
business, until you shall have posi- I Chesapeake Bay and up to the Falls
Digitized by Coogle
of Susquehanna and that he does sell: for It. All that I desire of you for my
the same unto Wllliam Penn and ac- own security Is that you will engage
knowledglng that he has received in case his Royal Highness be fond of
part of the purchase money and that their gift, that you will save me
the remainder 18 to be paid In the I harmless,"-(See Vol. 1 of Penna.
Spring. This Is delivered In the pre- Archives, p. 77).
sence of Edward Cantwell, LasBe I And under the date of October 22,
Cock and several others. 1683, Dungan writes another letter
1683-The Next Step Taken by the .to Penn and says, "All business goes
Susquehanna Indians Abont I here to great eatlsfaction; the Sus-
quehanna River Is given- me by the
Their Lands. I Indians by a second gift about which
Something of Penn's manner of you and I shall not fall out. I de-
dealing with the Indians Is told us I sire we may join heartily together
by Mombert In his History, p. 51'1 to advance the Interest of my master
where he says that on one occasion and your good frlend."-(See Vol. 1
Penn um:olled a parchment and eX-I of Penna. Archives, p. 80). Penn had
plalned the articles of a treaty of I a good deal of reason to be suspi-
purchase and said by these that they I clous of these New York transactions.
would be protected in their lawful One of his friends John West in a let-
pursuits even In the lands which they ter dated October 16, 1683, which
had given away. Then, says Mom- may be found In Vol. 1 of the Penna.
bert, Penn .lald the roll of parchment Archives, p. 79, writing from New
on the grouild and told them to ob- York says," "Your alfalrs about the
serve It as a sign that the land should Susquehanna land are well elfected,
belong to both. That then he took though the people of Albany, jealous
the parchment again and handed It of their trade much oppose you inter-
to the Chief aI1d told them that they est therein; for the particulars of
should keep It safely for three gen- which I refer you to the Commis-
erations so that their children might sioners."
know what had taken place. A few months later as may be seen
These Indians after having sold by Thomas Dungan's letter to WU-
Penn two tracts of land above men- 1Iam Penn in Vol. 1 of the Penna.
tloned now sell it all to Governor Archives, p. 84 relations were quite
Dungan of New York. We can not tell strained between him and Penn; and
whether they did this because they he wrote under the date of March 17,
were afraid of the Five Nations or 1684 from New York to Penn and
because they wanted to give Penn
more trouble. We shall see a little
later that the Iroquois demanded that
Penn should not settle any white
people on the Susquehanna River.
Governor Dungan himself tells about
his getting possession of the lands on
Susquehanna and speaking about the
Indians who llved on that river he
says, "They have all of them agreed
to give Susquehanna River to me and
I have It under their hands to show
among other things he says, "I fear
you coveting your neighbors' lands
would do much prejudice, and this I
say out of a concern and sense of
kindness for you."
We may observe here that Penn
did have a great deal of difficulty in
getting these lands back and it was
not until 12 years later, in 1696; that
he succeeded in having them deeded
back by Governor Dungan. But this we
wlll notice later.
Digitized by Coogle
There can be no doubt that they I All this goes to show that about
were conveyed by Dungan from 1683 either through deception .or
what I have said above but there is 1 otherwise these Susquehanna lands
an additional evidence In Vol. 4 of the I were put into the hands of the Gov-
Colonial Records, p. 708 where Can- I ernor of New York as we have above
assatego, an orator of one of the Five I stated.
Nations a speech in the Lan-I Further reference as to the Susque-
caster Court House on June 26,
1744
1 hanna Indians making _ their title
said to the Governor of Maryland, over to the Governor of New York
"We are now straitened and sometimeS I may be found in.Vol. 3 of the Col.
in want of deer and Uable to many I Records, p. 97, where James Logan
other inconveniences since the. Eng- whlle at Conestoga told the Indians
llsh came among us, and particularly I that they knew "the Five Nations had
from the pen and Ink work which is long since made over all their rights
going on at the table (pointing to the to the to the Governor
secretaries), and we will give you of New York. And likewise at p.
an Instance of this. Our brother of the same book he says that the
Onas a great while ago came to Al- FIve Nations had frequently acknow-
bany to buy the Susquehanna lands Iledged that they had sold the Sus-
of us, but our brother the Governor quehanna lands to Governor Dungan.
Therefore whether this was done
of New York, who as we suppose had 1 for the benefit of Dungan because the
not a good understanding with - our I I t f
roquo s were angry on accoun 0
brother Onas advised us not to sell I th tt S h hUt I
hi any f h Id ak ill e pe y usque anna c e a ns
m or e wou m e use I sold a couple small tracts to
of it; and pretending to be our friend, Penn and thus determined to put It
he advised us, In order to prevent out of their power to do so we can
Onas's or any other persons Impes- not tell; but at any rate It caused
ing on us and that we might always Penn a great deal of trouble to get
have our land to put It In his hands the title back again.
and told us he would keep it for our
use, and never opened his hands and 11683 or 1884-Peno's }'frst Visit to
let It get out. We trusted him, we the IndianB on and About the
put our lands Into his hands, and Snsquehanna River.
charged him to keep it safe for us
but he went away to England and By some historians it is taken as
carried our land with him and thell proved that William Penn was among
sold it to our brother Onas for a the Indians of the Susquehanna
large sum of money; and when, at River twice, once In 1683 or in the
the instance of our brother Onas we early summer of 1684 just before he
were minded to sell him some land, departed for England in the Fall of
he told us that we had sold it al- 1684 and once In 1701 ImmedIately
ready to the Governor of New York before leaving for England the sec-
and that he bought it from the Gover- I ond time. Other historians doubt
nor of New York, and that he had I that the first visit was made.There is
bought it from him In England; no absolute proof that it was maqe
though when be came to understand but there is a considerable amount
how the Governor of New York had of evidence at hand; and I wlIl now
deceived us, he generously paid us give from the books those facts which
for our lands over again." are considered proof that Penn vislt-
Digitized by Coogle
130
ed these Indians of the Susquehanna I tom of WllIlam Penn to go to the
River In 1683 or 1684. There Is no Susquehanna Fort and It to my mind
doubt, whatever about his second lis a strong proof that Penn prior to
visit and that we wlll take up In Its' this date, 1684 was personally on the
order. Susquehanna River conferring with
Penn perhaps about 1683 or the Susquehannock Indians.
1684 sent parties to view the Susqne- (2) When Penn put out the pro-
hanna River. In Vol. 19 of the Sec- spectuses of his town which he In-
ond Series -of the Penna. Archives, tended to build on the Susquehanna
p. 13 there Is a letter written by found In Vol. 1 of Hazard's Reg. p.
WlIllam Penn to bls cousin Wllliam 400 under the date of 1690, he Bald
Markham and others, dated 1686, In lin the prospectus "that which recom-
which speaking of the Susquehanna mendA this settlement is the known
and land there he shows much fam- goodness of the soli and situation of
lliadty with that river saying, "I the land which Is high and salu-
hereby order you to take up the most brious, also the pleasantness and
convenient place, that Is to say the largness of the River being clear and
canoable branch of the West side of not rapid and broader than the
Schuylklll about 30 miles from the Thames at London Bridge many
town (Phlladelph,ia) 10,000 acres for miles above the place intended for
my daughter Gullelma Marla Penn; this settlement." He also then tells
'Tis that which goes towards the SUS-I of the timber growing there saying
quehanna by which they rode when that it Is oak, ash, chestnut, walnut,
Ralph Frewell went to view the etc.; he speaks of the native fruits
river." which were grapes, pawpaws, chest-
I quote this simply to show that nuts and others, of the fish and wild
before Penn left Pennsylvania for animals of the place.
England In the FaU of 1684 he sent 'In this he shows such a famillarity
Fretwell to view the Susquehanna. I of the Susquehanna River as would
shall now adduce some facts which lead one to think that he actually
tend to show that Penn hmself fol- saw It up to the place where this set-
lowed and Investigated the Susque- tlement was to be located, viz.: from
hanna Country for himself. the mouth of the Conestoga Creek 15
(1) In Vol. 1 of the Eolonlal Re- I miles northward. If he did see It be-
cords, p. 114, under the date of June' fore 1690, it must have been before
11, 1684 It was reported to Council 1684. since as we have stated before
that "Samuel Land's letter was read he left Pennsylvania for England In
Informing the Governor and Council
the 1<"'all of 1684.
that Jonas Askins heard Colonel Tal- (3) About 1685 William Penn wrote
bot say that if Governor Penn should what is called "A Further 'Account
come Into Maryland he would sle'Ce lof the Province of Pennsylvania."
him and his retalne (retinue) In their I This he wrote while he was In Eng-
journey to the Susquehanna Fort." It land. It was a very rare pamphlet
was also the same day ordered that I and would sell at an enormous price.
William Welch shall take. under oath. I It is dated Wormlnghurst Place, the
the statement of Jonas Askins con- 12th of the 10th month. 1685. In
cernlng what Talbott said. this account he says speaking upon
In this it wlll be plainly seen that the seasons, etc., "I have made a dis-
Talbot speaks as If It was the cus- covery of about 100 miles West and
Digitized by Coogle
find those black lands ricHer In solI, (5) In Vol. 2 of Watson's Annals, .
woods and fountains than those by p. 209, Mr. Watson speaks of Nebo-
the Delaware, especially upon the waway an Indian chief of the Dela-
Susquehanna River." wares. Watson says that this chief's
In this he almost in as many name appears among the signers of
words says that he personally made the treaty at Conestoga in 1718 and
this discovery and if that is so then in his childhood he is said to have
he visited this Susquehanna River seen Wllliam Penn on his second
and the Indians living upon It be- visit in 1701 (to Conestoga). IfWat-
fore 1683. son considers this visit of Penn In
(4) In a letter which Penn wrote 1701 as the second visit of Penn to
dated the 14th of August, 1683 to Conestoga, he himself believes there
the Lords of Trade and Plantations was a first visit, which of course was
found In Vol 1 of Proud's History, pr;or to 1701, and as Penn was in
p. 267, speaking of the dlmcultfes England from 1684 to 1700 It likely
which Penn had with Lord Balti- refers to a visit In 1684. ,
more, he says at page 271, "I sent (6) In Vol. 1 of Proud's History,
an express to pray the time and p. 214 one of the old Conestoga
place where I sho)lld meet him (Lord chiefs in 1721 is quoted as saying in
Baltimore). I followed close upon the conference held at Conestoga that.
the messenger that no time might be they never should forget the Counsel
lost. I sent three gentlemen to let that Wllliam Penn gave them . and
me know if he would meet me at the that they would always keep It In
head of the Bay of Chesapeake: I I mind. This may have reference to
was then in a treaty with the Kings his early visit up into this Country.
of the natives for land; but three I (7) Oldmixon in his history of
days after we met 10 miles from New I Pennsylvania In 1706 speaking of
Castle which is 30 miles from the I Penn's visit says that some time
Bay." i prior to the year of 1685 Penn made
In this It may be said that the I a journey into the interior of the
treaty he spoke of with the natives II Province (See Oldmixon's History
for land in this neighborhood about in Vol. 5 of Haz. Reg., p. 164). Wbat
the head of the Chesapeake Bay Oldmlxon says Is. "Mr. Penn in the
might Indicate that Penn was about year 1683 travelled into the back
the Susquehanna River at that time, country to make discoveries, came to
there is no absolute proof of this, a wigwam where the Captain-General
however. Proud's History in an- of that Nation lived. The Captain
other place tells of him attending happened to be III of fever and was
Quaker meeting In Upper Maryland about to try their usual remedy to
on the west side of the Bay before cure himself. His wife had prepared
1684, and there is at least strong I a lIttle bagnio like an oven and put
likelihood in this that he stopped to' several great hot stones on each side
see these influential Indians on the of it, which gave the man an extreme
Susquehanna River on such trips. sweat while he lay or sat along side
In Vol. 1 of Proud's History, p. the oven." Just what this back
209 is contained an account of country was, we do not know but it
Penn's visit to Chesapeake Bay as I would seem likely that he would visit
early as 1683 and attending Quaker i this powerful tribe of Indians on the
meeting there. I Susquehanna River.
Digitized by Coogle
William J. Buck In his book called [me a parchment you lad received
. "Wllliam Penn In America," p. 132 I from William Penn," which may
commenting upon this says that the I again refer to this early visit.
journey was made on horse-back and (10) In the American Weekly Mer-
It may possibly be one of those to cury of May 30, 1728 where there Is
which Thomas Fairman alludes as an account contained of the journey
having accompanied him. The par- made by Governor Keith to the Con-
tlcular object was says Buck to be- estoga Indians on a treaty, the re-
come more acquainted with the Pro- port after giving a growing charac-
vince and Its natural produce as well ter of the treaty states that the In-
as the Indians living therein. From dlans said they "never had such a
actual observation Buck also says, p. satisfactory speech made to them
132 that It Is to this journey that since the great William Penn spoke
Wllliam Penn refers. when In 1685 he to them hence." This seems to refer
states that he has made a discovery to William Penn coming to see these
of the fertile lands on the Susque- Indians when he first came to his
hanna River. This seems to be an- Province llkely some time In 1683.
other proof that Penn visited the An account of this same visit is
Susquehanna River In 1684. found In the Colonial Records, anJi
(8) In Vol. 2 of the Colonial Re- also In Rupp's History, pp. 198-199.
cords, p. 553, under the date of 1712 (11) A thing which may be con-
It Is stated that several Indians from sldered somewhat confirmatory of
came to Philadelphia and 'I Penn having been about the Susque-
the war-captain of the Conestogas In hanna in 1683 Is found In Vol. 1 of
his speech said that the Proprietor Watson's Annals, p. 143. at which
Governor Penn "had at his first com- I place he says that a treaty was made
ing among them made an agreement on the 30th of July, 1685 for land to
with' them that they should always extend two days' journey or as far as
live as friends and brothers." It a man can go In two days back into
may be seen that in the words "com- the country, which was back to the
Ing amongst them" this Indian refers Susquehanna River, and it Is likely
to Penn coming up to the Conestoga I that Penn examined this land and
and Susquehanna and not simply to knew what It was.
his coming to Pennsylvania, and as (12) Penn may be referring to the
It refers to his "first" It may refer land along the Susquehanna River in
to a visit of 1683 or 1684. his letter to the Free Society cf
(9) In Vol. 3 of the Colonial Re- Traders written In 1683, found In Vol.
cords, p. 154 it Is stated under the 1 of Proud's History where- he says
date of 1721 quoting a speech again at page 247, "the back lands are gen-
of Captain Civility that "William erally three to one richer than those
Penn made a firm peace and league that lie by the navigable rivers."
with the Indians In those parts He speaks here as if he saw the
(Conestoga) nearly 40 years ago I back land personally and it Is well
which has often been renewed and i know that the Susquehanna was not
never been broken." And again at navigable, therefore we give this as
page 11 of the same book under the one of the Items of proof with the
date of 1722, Governor Keith at Con- others which may show that Penn
estoga said "the last time that I was was 8.!Dong the Susquehanna Indians
with you at Conestoga you showed I as early as 1683.
Digitized by Coogle
.OTHER LANCASTER COl]NTY INDIAN TRIBES 133
These we consider the chief reasons
which prove or tend to prove that
William Penn paid the Susquehanna
River and its natives the compliment
(If a personal visit some time In 1683
or 1684. We do not contend that it
is absolutely proven but there Is
much in what we have just quoted
to conclude that he was here. He
also shows at another place cousider-
able familiarity with this country
where he In the same letter in
Vol. 1. of Proud's History, concerning
the Indians that, "'I have had occa-
sion to be In Council with them upon
treaties for land and to adjust the
ago annexed their lands to thIs Gov-
ernment and have renewed the same
with every Governor Bince but I can'
not get out traders t() live upon the
Susquehanna River." As to thIs an-
nexation see p. 33 a"ate.
Dungan also says, in speakIng of
the Susquehannock.s land unIon witll.
New York Indians and Penn's desIre
to buy the Susquehanna lands, "[
can not believe that it was the King's
intention to gn.nt away so much eof
this Government ... if therefore his
Majesty were pleased to have a Une
run from 41
0
40' In Delaware River
to' the Falls upon the Susquehanna
and let Mr. Penn keep all below that
it would be suJllcient for hIm the
bounds below it would contaIn more
than all England besIdes the lower
Counties whIch is near upon 100
miles from the Cape to the RIver and
breadth more than 30 miles."
terms of trade." And In the same
book, p. 262 as a part of the same
letter, he says concerning the loca-
tion of the Susquehanna that "the
Susquehanna tends to the heart of
the ProvInce and on both our own
land." ThIs may further Indicate
that he saw the Susquehanna River.
The New York Governor here
1884 _ The Susquehanna Indian thinks it a great mIstake that Penn's
Province should extend so far as its
Tribes Debauched by the Mary present boundary and that Indian
land Rum Sellers. I dImcultfes arise from this cause.
In Vol. 1 of Proud's HIstory, p. 284 I 188l-Dungan Proposes a Fort on the
he says that it was about this time
(1684) that the laws to prevent liquor Susquehanna River to Command
being sold to the Indians did not an- I . Indian Trade.
swer the purpose for the English ot I Dungan in Vol. 6 of the
Maryland in a clandestine ma!lDer Sec. Series of the Penna. ArchIves,
still procured rum. All that W1l1Iam p. 756 says, "to preserve the Beaver
Penn could do did not help and Peltry Trade ,for Albany and to
very much and mnch blood-shed oc- encourage our beaver hunters, I de-
curred because of the' drunkenness sire to erect a campagne Fort upon
about the Susquehanna RIver. Delaware RIver In latitude 410 and
1684- Governor Dungau Ghes Penn 40
1
; another upon the Susquehanna
where hIs Majesty shall think fit that
AdTice About SusquehanDa lB Penn's boundary should terminate;
dian Trade. and another at Onelgra near the
In Vol. 6 of the Sec. SerIes of the Great Lake the way whWe our people
PennsylvanIa ArchIves, p. 764 Is go beaver-hunting, It beIng very nec-
found a report of Governor Dungan essary for the support of trade and
dated 1684 in which he flays page 756 maintaining a correspondence with
In reference to the SUnqUehannocksl the Indians."
that "those Indians ab()ut 40 years In this we see that the Governor
Digitized by Coogle
134 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND.
of New York was determined all con- In 1683 and 168'4. This chief was at
trolllng the trade of the Susquehanna Philadelphia with several others and
Indians for which purpose he wanted he said that wlren Penn was at AI-
the Fort at tire Falls of tire Susque- bany trying to buy tire Susquehanna
hanna, and by wlriclr means Ire want- land, Ire (Penn) said to the Five Na-
ed to take about half of the Province tions, 'Well, my brethren you have
of Pennsylvania. gained the victory. You have over-
1684-The FiTe Nation, 0 pose WO- come the people and tbe land is
P I yours. We shall buy them of you.
naDl Penn Settlfng the Susqoe- I How many commanders are there
hanDa BiTer, Instfgated by among you? And being told there
(loTernor Dungan. were 40, he said: "If you wnI come
In the same book last quoted, p. down to me I wUl give each of
153 we are given a glance of what a suit of clothes such as
the Onondagoes, Cayugas and others I I wear, -(See 3 C. R., 37Z). From
think of Penn's Susquehanna activl-\ this we see that Penn had to go to
ties. It is there set forth by these New York to deal.
two tribes of the Five Nations i Succeeds In Baking A.n-
they have put tlremselves and the:r '\
lands under the protection of the other Land Purchase, Stretching
King and have given the Susque- Back to the Susquehanna
hanna River to the Governor of New \ Dher.
York; they propose that .. Penn's
people must not settle under the Sus- In Vol. 1 of Watson's Annals, pp.
quehanna River." The writer tben 142 and 143 Is set forth a land treaty
goes on to say, "my Lord Effingham under the date of the 30th of July,
is desired to take notice that Penn's 1685 between Penn on the one part
agents would have bought the Sus- I and Shackoppoh, Seca,ne, MaUbore
quehanna river of them, but they and Tangoras, Indian Shackamakers
would not, but fastened it to the and owners of the land between
Government of New York; they being Chester Creek and Dublin Creek be-
a free people uniting themselves to ginning at Conshohookin (Matson's
the English,it may forever be In their Fort) on the River Schuylkill then
(Susquehannocks) power to give to go northwestwardly to the woods
their lands to what Sachem they to make up two full dayg-' journey, as
please." far as a man can travel In two days,
It Is not difficult to see here how which Watson says extends back to
much Influence the Five Nations act-I the Susquehanna River and no fur-
Ing wlth the Governor of New York ther at that time in that treaty, tbe
had In seducing the Susquehannocks' consideration Is 200 fathoms of wam-
away from Penn's interests, thus glv- pum, 30 guns, 60 fathoms of strawd-
Ing Penn very serious problems to waters, 30 kettles, 30 shirts, 20 gun
deal with. belts, 12 pairs of stockings, 30 pairs
As further evidence of the dim- of scissors, 30 combs, 30 axes, 30
culty that William Penn had In buy- knives, 20 tobacco tongs, 30 bars of
lng the Susquehanna lands from the I lead, 30 pounds of powder, 30 awls,
Indians I quote what one of the Five 130 glasses, 30 tobacco boxes, 3 papers
Chiefs said at Phlladelphla on July I of beads, 44 pounds of red lead, 30
3, 1727, concerning these purc"ases pairs of hawks' bells, 6 drawing
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN 'TRIBES 13'5
knives, 6 caps, and 12 hoes. We can I shugar, 5 gallons of mollasses, 20 to--
not tell much about the boundaries bacco boxes, 100 juice harps, 20 hows
()f this strange sale of lands, but the 30 gimlets, 30 wooden borers, and 100
deed for the same may be seen In strings of beads.
Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives, p. 92. Two days of horseback rIding
There Is, however a letter by Thomas would bring one to the Susquehanna
Holmes to the Indians above named River but at what part of the river
briefly describing this land dated the this land joins It, we cannot tell
7th of July, 1688 which may be found either to what extent the Susque.
In Vol. 3 of the Memoirs of the His hanna Indians joined in the deed but
torical Society, Part 2, p. 131. As it is we to recognize in it the names of
connected with this purchase but at Mackaloha and Kepelappan, who by
the same time contains items falling prior deeds each sold small pieces of
under 1688, I will notice it at large land towards the Susquehanna River
under the latter date of 1688 to which as the deeds themselves show, for
date the reader is referred for the which see ante.
full particulars under an Item en- This tract Is also similar to the one
titled, "The Boundaries of the Walk- preceding and therefore Thomas
lng Purchases of 1685 and 1686 ex- Holmes' letter likely refers to it as
tending to Susquehanna River, and well as to the preceding tract for
the Fixing of the Boundary lines these are both "walking purchases."
Thereof." See under the date of 1688 the letter
168;; -Another Tract Purchased by of Holmes and the othel' explanations
I under the title "The Boundaries of
Penn Which 1Iay Extend to the the Walking Purchases of 1685 and
RIver. 1686 Extending to the Susquehanna
In Vol. 1 of the PenDa. Archives. River, and the F'txing of the Bound
p. 95, there is set forth a deed from ary Lines Thereof."
Petkhoy Kekelappan. Feomus Mack- 1687-Councll Orders that No Offense
aloha and Packenah and several
other Indians for all the land be-
tween Duck Creek and Chester Creek
be Ghen the SU8'!uwnnR
Indians.
along the West side of the DelawarE' The first few years of Penn's Gov-
and between the two creeks back- ernment gives '1S very little on the
ward as far as a man can ride in tw subject of the lndians of the Susque-
days with a horse for the consldera- hanna Countr!. It is said that they
of 20 guns, 20 fathoms of were present lit the great treaty at
coats, 20 fathoms of strawdwater, 20 Philadelphia !l.Dd frequeDtly went to
blankets. 20 kettles, 20 pounds of Philadelphia, but there Is very little
powder. 100 bars lead, 40 tomahawks I official reco1-d uf It. However, at the
100 knives, 40 pairs of stockings, 1 Council meeting on the 10th of May,
barrel of beer, 20 pounds of red lead, 1687 it waf! ordered thSot "as to the
100 fathoms of wampum, 30 glass Susquehanna and Schuylkill Indians,
bottles, 30 pewter spoons, 100 awl we hope s'lch .-:are and dilfgence will
'blades, 300 tobacco pipes, 100 hands be taken as will give no just occasion
of tobacco, 20 tobacco tongues, 20 for offense:' This order was called
steels, 300 lIints, 30 pairs of scissors, forth because a letter from the Gov-
30 combs, 60 looking-glasses, 200 ernor of New York stated there was
needles, 1 sklple of salt, 30 pounds of Ukely to be dlMculty between the
Digitized by Coogle
136 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS A....'lD
Susquehanna Indians and the New U188-The Boundaries of the Walldnlr
York subjects. Purchases of 1885 and 1888 Ex.
1687-lndlan Road or Trail from the
Susquehanna mVel' to the Dela
ware Blver.
tending to Susquehanna River,
and the Flxfng of the
Boundal'1 Lines
Thereof.
William Penn writing In 1690 saYl> Under the date of the 7th of July.
that "three years ago" a road was
1688 Thomas Holmes wrote a letter
definitely cut and laid out between to the Indian Chiefs who sold to
Phlladel-,>nla and the Susquehanna Penn In 168:i and 1686 the land
country which he says Is the course stretching from the Susquehanna
the Ind!ans on the Susquehanna took River to the Delaware River, which
When trading In Phlladelphla. He
letter may be found In Vol. 3 of the
says they also bad a way by water Memoirs of the Historical Society,
going up a branch or tributary of the part 2, p. 131 and Is entitled "A letter
Susquehanna (which I believe is the as to Indian Lands at Susquehanna
Conestoga), thence down a branch, and the article in which it occurs Is
which fiows Into the Schu.ylklll 30 called "Indian Treaties for Lands
rulles from Philadelphia (wlilch I be- Now the Site of Philadelphia" by
Ueve Is French Creek). The sources John Watson. This letter is as fol-
of the Conestoga and French Creek lows: "To My Very Loving Friends:
are only a few mBes apart and this I Shakaho ah Secane Mallbor and
Was likely the Indian course. What pp , ,
Penn says of the traU may be found Tangoras, Indian Kings, and to Mack-
I V I 1 f H d
' R 400 I ecarbo, Wawoan, Tenoughan, Terlcha
cite this to show that there were eson, a en, ,n an ac ama -
no. 0 azar s eg., p. . I N H ik I dl Sh k k
Susquehanna Indian trade activities ers: Whereas I have purchased and
at this time with the Phil d 1 hi I bought of you, the Indian and
ttl t a epa I Shackamakers for the use of William
se emen. Penn all your lands from Pamapeck
1687-Ralph Fretwell's VisIt to the Creek to Upland Creek and so back-
Susquehanna Indians.
ward to Chesapeake Bay and Susque-
hanna two days' journey-that Is to
In Vol. 19 of the Second Series of say as far as a man can go In two
the Penna. Archives, p. 13 there Is days as under the hands and seals of
a letter from WilHam Penn referring you the said Kings may appear; and
to the Susquehanna Country dated to the end I may have a certain
1687 and in it he speaks of Ralph knowledge of the lands backwards
Fretwell having ridden out to view and that I may be enabled and be
that river, the Susquehanna. What provided against the time for running
Fretwell's mIssion was I can not tell the said two days' journey I appoint
except It may have been connected and authorize my loving friend Ben-
with the Susquehanna project and It jamln Chambers, of Philadelphia,with
may have been takl!.n before 1687 but a convenient number of men to as-
we can not tell about that. sist him to make out a westerly line
It is quite certain, however, that he from PhJladelphia to Susquehanna,
had a conference with the Indians that so the said line may be prepared
in that section for the benefit of the I and made ready for said two days'
Province of Pennsylvania. I journey backward hereafter when no-
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIANS
137
tice Is given you, the said Kings .... 1 There Is a tradition that the In-
.... Witness my hand & seal the 7th I dlans were much dissatisfled with
of the flfth month called July, being a purchase that Penn had made from
the fourth year of the reign of the them to be measured by walking and
G ~ a t King of England and the eighth the objecton that the Indians made
of our Proprietor William Penn's was that while it was to be measured
Government." in that manner the young Engllsh-
(Signed) THOMAS HOLMES. I men walked farther and faster than
In the same book and on the same 'I' they expected, In fact they complain-
page John Watson says, "The fore- ed that they ran or as they put it,
going is recorded in a large follo In! "young brother make a big walk."
the Land Office at Harrisburg in I This as we have said before Is also
Book 14, 'Old Surveys and Registry another authority on the location of
of Land Warrants.' With the same the Susquehanna Fort, to wit: three
paper Is a diagram of the ground plot miles above the mouth of the Cones-
of the survey. It goes in a direct line 1 toga Creek which would place it on
from Phlladelphia to a spot on the' the rocky cliffs between Highvllle
Susquehanna River about three miles I and Creswell, a place absolutely In-
above the mouth of the Conestoga I accessible . from the Susquehanna
Creek near a spot marked 'Fort De- 1 River and being that great rocky
molished.' The lines cross two In- bluff over 200 feet high, extending
dians paths, running each Northwest perpendicularly to the edge of the
by North, the flrst at 15 miles from river through which the low grade
Philadelphia, at 'Rocky Run' and the branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad
other 38 miles distant near 'a rivulet' has recently constructed at the cost
two miles beyond 'Doe Run.''' at that place of nearly $1,000,000 a
It might be a matter of curiosity mile. When this Fort was demolish-
at this day to observe and ascertain ed can not be ascertained but under
the precise locality of those primitive the date of 1664 it is stated that
roads and passes used from time im- "Francis White is by an order of the
memorial by the aborigines probably House gone on a special service for
the only' ones so speciflcially marked the Province of Maryland to the Sus-
in our country. quehannock Fort, etc," See Vol. 1 of
It will be observed that even be- the Maryland Archives, p. 511.
fore Penn's day there had been a This would indicate that the Fort
Fort constructed by some Christian was standing at this time but Holmes
people upon the shores of that (Sus- says in 1688 it was demolished and
quehanna) river. it Is so marked on his draft. The
This throws some llght on both of I location of the old Susquehannock
the walking purchases and shows that Fort has given rise to a great deal of
they both extended back to the Sus- I speculation,
quehanna River. As to these pur- That a deflnlte llne in 1688 should
chases see the Articles under the be run from Philadelphia to the Sus-
date of 1685, setting forth these two quehanna River, to a point 3 miles
purchases the one as far back as a above the mouth of the Conestoga
man could walk in two days the Creek, to oil speciflc spot "Demollsh-
other as far back as a man could ed Fort" is very remarl:able and
ride in two days, both reached the noteworthy. This was only six years
Susquehanna. after Penn's arrival and before even
Digitized by Coogle
Indian Traders from, Philadelphia lit shows the continual fear to which
were here. It shows that at Conestoga was subject. A subsequent
that time there were occasional article will also show that the Sen-
searchlngs Into the woods and that ecas had not drifted from the Eng-
not only the Susquehanna, but also Hsh to the French but were the
the Forts were well known. Our In- friends of the English and our In-
dians no doubt journeying to Phila- dlans on the Susquehanna and that
delphia as we see by the Colonial the only foundation for this rumor
Records they did during and before was that a company of Senecas had
this year, give accounts of the Glor- a misunderstanding with the French
les of the Susquehanna River. and Intended to come to the Susque-
hanna to Hve.
11189 - Rumor that the French and
Senecas are ComIng tt! Destroy 1689-The FIrst French Traders Up
the Conestog'l and Sur- Among the Indians of
rounding Settlements. Susquehanna.
By the year 1689 It would appear At p. 299 of the book cited In the
a great change had come over the last Item we have a reference to
Five Nations as to their attitude to- "Captain Letort, a Frenchman Hving
ward the Indians of the Susquehanna up the country." This was the fam-
country. It seems that the French by ous James Letort who with his wife
this time had won them over from Ann were Indians traders along the
the English. At any rate under this Susquehanna River. I do not know
date In Vol. 1 of the Colonial Rec., just where he lived at this time but It
p. 299 it Is set forth that the Gov- Is likely that he was among the In-
ernor acquainted the Councll that he dlans of this neighborhood because a
called the Council together for the few years later he was known as an
particular reason that it was rumored I old resident about Conestoga. It is
that 8000 French and Indians in con- likely too that he had associate
junction with the Papists were com- traders as early as 1689 because In
Ing toward Conestoga and Maryland I Vol. 2 of the Colonial Records, p.
and that neighborhood for the pur- 131 under the date of 1704 it Is stated
pose of ruining the Protestants in that Martin Charter "has llved a long
Maryland and Delaware, and that the time among the Shawnese Indians
Sheriffs and Justices of the Counties and upon the Susquehanna." And
of Delaware are coming themselves 1698 Is not even a long time before
for defense. He further staJed that 1704. So that we deem It safe to say
he had received a letter from "cap-I here that these two were the earliest
tain Letart, a Frenchman living up traders among the Susquehanna In-
the country, agreeing therewith." dlans. Rupp also says In his history
This rumor first arose In April of of Lancaster County, p. 53 that Mar-
1689 and grew out of two letters sent tin Charter had a trading station
to the Council by the Justices and among the Shawnese at Pequea near
Sheriffs of Sussex County, stating Conestoga. As to this man James
there was an Intended Invasion on Letort, while he was a Frenchman It
Maryland "by Sennekers' (Senecas) Is stated at p. 100 of Vol. 2 of the
and French." This latter reference Colonial Records that he was "bred
Is found at page 277 of the same book. In it (Pennsylvania) from his In-
It turned out to be unfounded but fancy," so it appears that he was a
Digitized by Coogle
long time in some part of Pennsy-
lvania.
1880-A CommJssloner Sent Up to the
SchuyIldll and Susquehanna
Country Indians.
In Vol. 10 of the Colonial Records,
p. 334, under the date of 1690 It Is
stated that Lassie Cock Intends to
go up the Schuylklll among our. In-
dians and he was instructed to make
particular inquiry concerning the am-
and West Jersey from the Western
parts of the continent, where they
bring them." He also says that they
had a more direct course "laid out
between the two rivers very exactly
and conveniently at least three years
ago." All this goes to show that the
Susquehanna tribes of Indians were
trading at this date with Philadelphia.
1890-Campanlus on the Mlnquas and
Other Indians of the Susquehanna.
munition which the few French fam- We h a ~ e spoken before under a
lUes had, who lived up on that river. much earlier date (1\8 early as 1640
Here again we see the fear of French to 1650) of the trade which Old Cam-
Invasion and the danger of the French panlus says existed between the Sus-
weaning our Indians to them at this I quehannocks and the Swedish settle-
time. We must also notice that the I ments. He wrote however, about the
French were actually Ilving on the year 1690, and from his writings we
Upper Schuylkill and our Indians infer that what he said existed earl-
were very much afraid because ot it. ! ier continued at this latter date and
I
-S s eh nIdi T dI I tor a particular description of it the
.......-uqu ana n ans ra ng
With Philadelphia. I reader is referred to ante, p. 26.
It wlll be remembered that William 1611O-A Branch of the Senecas At
Penn in the year 1690 in his prospec- EnmJty With the French Design
tus concerning the settlement and a to Come to Susquehanna
new County on the Susquehanna, . and LITe.
which is set out in Vol. 1 of Haz.
Reg., p. 400, speaks of the Susque-
hanna Indians trading with Phila-
delphia at this time and prior by
means of a branch of the Susque-
hllnna River which Iles near a branch
of the Schuylkill. We have spoken
of this before but I quote it now
merely for the purpose of calling at-
tention to the fact that there was In-
dian trade at this time west to the
Susquehanna River; its common
course by water was up the Cones-
toga to its source then three or four
miles over-land to the source of
French creek then down French
creek to the Schuylkill and down the
Schuylkill. WllIiam Penn speaks of
it as follows, saying that this was
the "common course of the Indians
with their skins and furs into our
parts and to the Province and East
In Vol. 8 of the Maryland Archives,
p. 181, there is a letter from Jacob
Young to Hanns John Good, Com-
mander-in-Chief of Maryland, near
the Potomac in which he says:-"Sir
I have no great matter further than
this at this time. There are at my
house 14 Chinockes (Senecas), and
they tell me they have cut off the
principal place of Canada, except the
place where the Government doth
reside. They Ilkewise tell me they
have at the fort they belong to Un an-
dake (Onondago) above 100 prison-
ers of the French and the rest of the
posts have rather more. These Sen-
ecas came from their own country
about the last of April and their in-
tent Is to settle among the Susque-
hanna Indians here upon the Susque-
hanna River for there are some of
Digitized by Coogle
140
ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS' AND
every fort of the Senecas coming for this Province Is to meet at St.
down to them and they tell me that Mary's the 29th. When there we ex-
their great men wlll be down very pect to see some of the Senecas and
shortly. I do desire your Honor's Susquehannocks who have sent to the
Instructions what I may do with Governor expressing their desire to
them as soon as possible you can. treat with us and to confirm the for-
Nothing else at present but my ser- mer league of friendship to which the
vices to your honor, I am yours to Committee return them a very aml-
command," (Signed) Jacob Young. cable answer' signifying our readiness
I belleve from this It will be plain to embrace and ratify the same; and
to see the SherUfs and Justices of in case they could not afford us an
the counties of Delaware were en- interpreter, then a time is to be fixed
tlrely mistaken in their report that I and a place is to be appointed for
9000 French anll Senecas were com- that purpose, and we wlll furnish an
ing down to destroy the settlements interpreter." .
at Conestoga, on the Susquehanna I This amicable spirit of the Susque-
and through Maryland. I believe \. hannocks shows Itself quite plainly
that this article explains it fully that here.
ft was nothing more or less than I I 892-An Indian Expedition Up the
these Senecas coming down among Susquehanna.
our Susquehanna Indians; and also
that it is not true that the F;ench I . In Vol. 8 of the Maryland Archives,
were with them but these Senecas I p. 343, there is a letter dated July
plainly show they had severed friend- 18, 1692 which is written by John
Iy relations with the French and be-I Thomas to Mr. Ashman and
cause of the enmity between them it is as follows: I, have been up at
and the French large numbers of Captain Richardson s this very day
them intended to settle on the sus-I with 16 horse we were going
quehanna among the English. We up to Mr. Thurston s hut, I was very
also see here how exaggerated the .well informed the Indians were
reports of Indians invasions were I gone away up the Susquehannv" and
llkely to become the actual in they were peaceable and did nobody
, com g I any harm and very friendly they
of a couple of dozen was rumored to
be 9000. It shows to us ve I rl were. But later the Indians did fire
ry c ea y off several guns at the hogs and kill-
the nervous and fearful Ufe the early ed some of them." From this It ap-
Colonists Uved. pears that Maryland Indians were
18BO-The Senecas and Susquehanna
Indians \Vant to Confirm Peace
journeying back and forth in business
Interr:ourse with the Susquehannocks.
With Maryland 1892 - Testimony Concerning the
In Vol. 8 of the Maryland Archives, l'rench Among the Susque.
p. 207 there is a letter from Mr. Neal hannocks.
Blakiston to the Governor of Mary- In Vol. 8 of the Maryland Archives
land in which he says that the Pis- pp. 617 and 518 there appear cer-
cataway Indians complain that their tain depositions taken before the
men are being killed in Maryland and \ Councll of Maryland on the subject of
they think that the Susquehannocks improper frlendllness between the
are doing it. The letter then pro-I French and the Susquehannock In-
ceeds to say, "The Indian Convention dlans. It is there stated that Captain
Digitized by Coogle
Herman and Jacob Young were call- i to enter into a league with UB there,
ed and examined and they say that may be Bome of their great men may
the SUBquehannock IndianB now come down to confirm the Bame, and
brought down declared that they know if they do they shall be kindlY treat-
thoBe other IndianB at the head of_the ed, and then alBo mUBt make choice
Bay to come from the Southward and of Bome great man to preBide over
are called the Stabbernowle; and that. them as Captain Civility formerly
generallY all the IndianB in their did and as they now desire. Then
partB know them to be the same; the interpreter asked the SUBque-
then the Frenchmen and IndianB were hann Indians, since the Government
called in, viz: one Susquehannock and I have declared their opinion concern-
another a King of the Southern In- ing the strange Indians what nation
dians. Demand waB made of the sus-I they were of; and the Susquehanna
quehannock Indians how long the Indians replied that there are two
Frenchmen have been among them. I partieB of them, one going to the
The SUBquehannock Indians Baid. I N th d d i i to j i th
.. ' or war, eB gn ng 0 n e
When those strange Indians went Senecas in their war. and thoBe here
Northward then the Frenchmen came who have deB ired to Bettle among us
to them nearlY two years and have and be at peace and are called the
since been travellng toward the Stabbernowle Indians."
Southward before they found a con-
~ e n i e n t place of setting down and I The whole tenor of thiB Interview
there they lived three years. The I BhowB that there iB a pretty sound
Seneca woman told him, the said In- peace now establiBhed between the
dian, that a Frenchman about five Susquehanna Indians and Maryland
years ago ran away from the North- and also between them and the In-
ern IndianB to the Southern IndianB habitants of PennSTlvania. It must
being reduced to a Bmall number and be remembered however. at this time
as it were newlY grown up, they de- there were no Pennsylvania in-
sire the power of the Governor and habitants in and about Conestoga ex-
Council that they may have Uberty cept the one or two traders of whom
to come and settle upon their own I we have already apoken.
lands and the Susquehannock Fort 189S-The Letorls Suspected of Dis-
and to be taken and treated as
friends and have liberty to come
affeetlon Agal.st the English
among the English without molestta- In Vol. 1 of the Colonial Records,
tion." p. 396 under the date of 1693 iB set
It was answered that their fort, as for an information against Ann Le-
they called it falUng within the limits tort who several weeks before the
of another government. viz: Penn- date of the complaint had Bome con-
sylvania, thiB government can take no versation with an Indian King wlio
notice thereof and if as they pretend resented the unkindness of the Eng-
they are in league with the Mohawks. Ush and said that the Engllsh would
our friends, we Bhall not diBturb soon ail be drIven out and that the
them aB long as they live peacebly. French were making overtures to
It waB then decided as far as the
Susquehannock Indians were con-
cerned that they may continue at
theIr fort and as they are inclined
the PennBylvania IndIanB again for
the land and wlll take it from the
English. This Indian King said that
Digitized by Coogle
14Z ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
Peter BassUllon and Madam Letort
told him thill and that they were in-
terested in helping the French.
The information further sets forth
that about a 1ear before strange In-
dians came to Letort's plantation and
would not tell an1thing about their
business; at another time Anna Le-
tort said that there was no path for
the Swedes and English roguell
through the country near her house
and she also ran and got a horse
whip and lashed one of the men and
called for others to belp her. Thill
complaint also states that about a
year ago Bassal110n and Mrs. Le-
tort sent a lot of letters to certain
strange Indians.
As a result of the complaint Mrs.
who after Braddock's defeat did tile
murdering and Icalping about Carlisle
and Shippenlburg and other central
pOints of Pennsylvania.
In 1 C. R., p. 447 under the date of
1694 eight of the Delaware chiefs
visited the Council at Philadelphia
and represented to the Councll that
the Flve Nations especially the Sene-
cas had sent them, the Delawares, a
belt ot wampum, stating that "you
Delaware IncUans do nothing but
stay at home and bon your pots and
are Uke women, while we, the Onon-
dagoes and Senecas go abroad and
fight against the enemy." They fur-
ther complain that the Senecas want
them to be partners to go and fight
against the French, but they say that
they, the Delawares are peaceful In-
dians and do not intend to go, and
are going to the Indians of the Sus-
quehanna river which River they af-
terwards made their home.
Ann Letort was brought before Coun-
cn to make an answer and it appear-
ed that she and her husband and
some other Frenchmen were rather
dangerous.At any rate the next month
a warrant was Issued out against her
and Bassllllon and several others to 1894 - Two 8usquehannock IndJao
come and stand trial. At the hearing Chiefs Visit the Council.
she denied everything and she was In Vol. 1 of the Colonial Records,
left off rather easy.-See (C. R., p. p. 448, it is stated that at three
436.) 10'CIOCk on the 6th day of July, 1694
I cite this In connection with Lan- it was decided to send the belt back.
caster County Indian affairs because This Is sumclent to show the re-
Ann Letort and her husband lived
mostly at Conestoga; and Peter Bas-
salllon did part of the time. As to
BassalUon see 2 C. R., p. 186. The
purpose of the article is to show
simply how much care was required
to prevent the French from weaning
away our Indians in this neighbor-
hood.
1694 -The Delaware IndJans VIsit
Philadelphia.
I speak of the Delaware Indians as
a tribe of the Susquehanna Country
because as we shall show later (2
Col. Rec., p. 469) they moved from the
Schuylkill River to the Susquehanna
River in 1709. They were the Indians
lation of these Delaware Indians with
Lieutenant Governor Markham; and
his Council were acquainted that
Kyanharro and Orlteo two Susque-
hanna Indians present and had some-
thing to say and In replying could
not be understood, and desire Menan-
zes to speak for them.
Their message to Councn was that
a certain Indian come from the Cay-
ugas to the Susquehanna's (Kyan-
h a r r ~ ' s ) house to see him, and that
on the way they had to fight the Tlt-
was or naked Indians. And the Sus-
quehanna King desired that the Gov-
ernment would allow these visiting
Indians to live with at Susquehanna
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRmES 143
under protection. Maryland.
16K-The FlTe Nations Desert the The Bame factB are noticed In the
English J and Joht the French, and proceedings of the ASBembly of Mary-
land, In Vol. 19, of the Maryland
""ant to Compel the Susquehanna ArchlveB, p. 363 where It was "re-
Indians and Other Pen.s,banla Bolved that hlB Excellen<:y the Gover-
Indians to Desert Also. nor be acquainted that thlB houBe
Under the date of the 23rd of May have discoursed with Colonel Her-
1694, In Vol. 1 of the Colonial Re- man, who acqualntB them that the
cords, p. 459 Is set forth a Btatement Rellque of the Senecas and Susque-
of Governor Benjamin Fletcher, who hannaB with the. ShawneBe had de-
at this time was Governor of Pennsyl- Blred peace with this Province, and
vania as well aB New York, the King that they might be In league and
of England havIng taken the Govern- trade here; and that the HouBe de-
ment out of Penn's handB) to the BlreB of hlB Excellency, If he think
effect that "the Five Nations were It may be beneficial to thiB Province
now debauched to the French Inter- to enter Into peace with them."
ests and are entering Into a league 1896-Letort and BualUon, the Sus-
with the Governor of Canada." quebona River Indian Traders
Fletcher then says, "I mUBt aSBure '
you that our Indians here w1ll be I Also Operate In Maryland.
compelled to join In this fatal con-I In Vol. 20 of the Maryland Arch-
federacy." Ives, p. 470 IB set forth a part of a
Nothing need be added to thlB eX-I letter from Wllliam Markham, Gov-
cept that conBequenceB of a very Ber- I ernor of Pennsylvania to the Gover-
Ious nature are about to befall the 1 nor of Maryland aB follows: Sir:-
IndianB of the SUBquehanna River; Upon a copy of what Colonel Herman
and that they are now evidently be- gave unto your Excellency and Coun-
tween the Devil and the deep Bea. I cil, I shall. require Becurity for BaB-
Balllon and Letort, though I know
1896 - SusqueJaannocks, Senecas and wlll Btill be uneaBy until he getB all
Shalt"nae Now All at Peace wIth the Indian trade himBelf. I have
Mar,land. known Colonel Herman a long time
It would Beem that the defection of and that he trades for himBelf In the
the Five NationB to the French did Susquehanna Is better known than
not last very long becauBe at this truBted. I enClose to your Excellency
date only two yearB later It Is stat- what I found among cast away
ed In 19th Maryland Archives, p. paperB. BasBallion was In equal par-
319 at a Council held In Maryland, tnershlp with Petit and Sallway,
that "Colonel Herman acquaints the though it went In only their own
House that the Senecas, SUBquehan- names, BaBsalllon coming In after
naB and Shawnese I ~ d i a n B have de- the other had forwarded for the voy-
sired peace with thiB Province and age and after the cargo was over-
alBo that they might be in league thrown, I demanded the left cargo
and trade with UB." and BasBalion had one-third. As
So here it appears that at leaBt the to Letort, he iB a ProteBtant. waB
SenecaB, If not all of the Five Na- Bent over In the year 1686 with a
tionB want both peace and trade ar-\ considerable "cargo and several
rangementB with the Engllsh In French Protestants to settle 30,000
Digitized by Coogle
acres of land up the Schuylkill that direction he first leases them to Penn
they had bought from William Penn for 1000 years and then sells them to
and that fs the place he lives at. him absolutely. This lease Is found
Other houses were built and famUies at page 121 of Vol. 1 of the Penna.
settiedthem that he brougbt with Archives, and Is as follows:
him, but being so far up In the coun- "THIS INDENTURE, made the
try they deserted him. TIlls Letart twelfth day of January,Anno Dam .
was gOing for England In the sblp
with Governor Hamilton but he was 1696, and in the Eighth Yeare of the
taken. Letart was carried to TIloloun relgne of our Sovereign, Lord Wil-
l1am, the Third, King of England;
and narrowly escaped the galleys but between Thomas Dongan, late Gover-
after a long and hard usage got into nor of New York and now of London,
England. where he became acqualnt- 1lJsq., of the one part, and William
ed wltb theWest Jersey Company and I Penn, Governor of the Province of
they understanding that his house Pensllvanla In America, of the other
stood upon the Schuylkill upon a con- part Witnesseth that the said
venlent place for trade wltb the In- Thomas Dongan, for and in consid-
dlans contracted with him to trade e atl n of the sum of one hundred
for them there; and wrote to. their i of lawful money of England
agent to supply him with goods. It I to him In hand paid, by the said
Is not many days since that he went I William Penn, the right whereof is
to Burlington to make up his account I hereby acknowledged, HATH demls-
with the agent, Intending to soon as sed and granted, and by tbese pre-
conveniently can for England. Gov- sents doth demise and grant unto the
ernor Hamilton give a very good said William Penn, ALL that Tract
account of him. of Land lyeing upon, on both sides of
This letter by Markham makes the River commonly called or known
_ clear where this famous James Le- by the name of the Susquehanna
tort lived before he moved to Cones- River and the Lakes adjacent, In our
toga, and it also shows that his trade near the Province of Pennsylvania
as well as BassalUon's extendfed over in America, Beginning at the
a wide territory all the way rom the tains or head of the said river and
Schuylkill to. the Susquehanna and I running as far as and into Bay
even to the Potomac. of Chesapeake, with all Isles, Is-
1696-Governor Dungan Leases Back lands, Mines, Minerals, Woods, Fish-
to Penn the Land to Dungan ings, Hawkings, huntings, Fowlings,
and all other Royalties, prOfits, cam-
by the Susquehannock odityes and hereditaments unto the
Indians. same belonging which the said
In Vol. 2 of Smith's laws, p. 111 It Thomas Dungan lately purchased of
Is stated that the deed from the In- or had given him by Sinneca Susque-
dians to Governor Is not known to hanna Indians and also all the lands,
exist. We have, however, shown that hereditaments, -Isles, Islands, Rivers,
all this Susquehanna land was sold Royalties, mines, minerals, lakes,
by our Indians to Dungan about 1684. waters, profitts, privlledges, and ap-
Now during a lapse of 12 years Dun- putenances, whatsoever lyeing on
gan as we have shown In the former both sides of the Susquehanna River,
article held the lands only in trust and near adjoining thereto, which he
for the Indians; and now at their the said Thomas Dungan did, at, any
Digitized by Coogle
"-
time purchase, or which were at any I same. At least it is so stated in the
time gi:ven unto them by the said In- lease and deed which we are now
dians, or any of them. TO HAVE considering. The deed of this Sus-
AND TO 'HOLD, unto the said WIl- quehanna Country may be found in
liam Penn, his Executors, Adminis- Vol. 1 of the Pennsylvania Archives,
trators and Assigns, from the day of p. 122, as follows:
date hereof, for and unto the end and .. THIS INDENTURE made the
Term of One Thollsand years, PAY- Thirteenth day of January, Anno
ING unto the said Thomas Dongan, Dom., 1696, and In the eighth year of
his Executors and Administrators, the reign of our Soverign Lord, WU-
yearly, and every year on the First liam, the Third, King of England,
day of St. Mitchell, the Arch Angell'l etc., BETWEEN, Thomas Dongan late
the rent of a pepper Corn, if the same Governor of New Yorke, and now of
shall be lawfully demanded to the London, Esq., of the one part, and
Intent and purpose that by force and William Penn, Governor of the Pro-
virtue of these presents and of the vince of Pennsllvania, in America, of
Statute for transferring of uses into the other part, WITNESSETH that
possession, the said Wllliam Penn the said Thomas Dongan, for, and in
may be in the actuall possession of consideration of the sum of One Hun-
the premisses, and may thereby be dred Pounds of lawfull money of
the better enabled to attempt and England, to him In hand paid, by the
take a grant, release or other Con- said William Penn,the receipt where-
veyance, of the revercion and Inherl- of is hereby acknowledged, HATH
tance thereof, to the use of Himself, granted, Enfeftoed, released, and
his heirs and Assigns forever. IN I confirmed, and by these presents doth
WITNESSE whereof the said parties grant, enfeofte, release and confirm
as Duplicates to the other Indentures I unto the said William Penn, and his
of the same contents and are here- I heirs, ALL that Tract of land, lye-
with sett their hands. Seales Dated i ing upon, on both sides of the river
the day and year first above written. commonly or known, by the namp of
THOMAS DUNGAN, (L. S.) Susquehanna River, and the Lakes
Sealed and delivered, being first adjacent In or neare the Province of
Stampt according to Act of Parl1iant Pennsylvania in America, beginning
in ye presence of at the Mountains or head of the said
SAM. V AUS, river, and running as far as and Into
FR. HARDING, the Bay of Chesapeake, with all Isles;
WM. SPRINGETT." Islands, Mines, Minerals, Woods,
1696 - Governor Dungan Now Deeds Fishings, Hawkings, Huntings, Fowl-
Back to Penn Absolutel" the Ings, and all ther Royalties, profitts,
comodlties, and hereditaments, unto
Lands Sold to Him In Trnst the same belonging, which the said
b, the Susquehan- Thomas Dongan lately purchased of,
nocks. or had given him by the Sennica Sus-
The reason that the Governor first quehanna Indians, and, also all the
leased these same lands to Penn was, lands, hereditaments, Isles, Islands,
to meet an old law, which required Rivers, Royaltl('s, Mines, Minerals,
that In order that a perfect estate also Lakes, Waters, profits, privi-
might be taken by a purchaser ledges and appertences, whatsoever
should first have a lease hold In the belonging on both sides of the Sus-
Digitized by Coogle
146
qUEtllmna rZiver, und neee and erja-
cent thereto, which he the said
Thomas Dongan, did at any time pur-
ghen b;,etX:e
or any of them which said islands and
p",mi.ses in posnnn'cion the
S"?(l Wfllln,n p"nr', by nlrtue a
lease thereof, for One Thousand
ynnnl, benT'?ng Ule thn next
dnb next before datll here'lf', TO
HAVE AND TO HOLD, to the said
W? IEam Penn, hin tlelrs and alninnes
to tbe olIn use and hlbe'llfre the
the said William Penn, his heirs and
A,N D the, naid Pbomall Don-
- tueOnI"OHl BeH01K UlH?,
Shawnese Indians Came to
Gllque" thla h'ear.
It is HllneraITl stnt"l:1 the
Shawnese came to Pequea In 1697
'l'om tha touth hut as haec ehown
[lefOre this the wront date,
They came here in 1678,-See on this
subject 1 the Hennn.
ATThlvf:l. p. 31h end 3 the
Colonial Records, p. 441.
tHS07-Sl0l01ITmau Spy Susn
que hanna RIver: Only 40 Orlgl.
nal Susquehannocks Left.
glm for T'llmseIf, heinl, Exe"nt"rs, Voe 9 of Ma,ybnd AT'ehlvee
and Administrators, doth Covenant, 519 it is set forth as part of the
promise, Arlnt and agree to and nlth proceedings of the Maryland Assem-
Penn, hill heire and thnt "the Npeaklll atten'J"d bll
asslgnes by these presents, that he I the whole House came and Captain
the said Thoman Dongan, and his I Hans Steelman being called into con-
all sl",n,lar said ends fe,ence n,as give en aC
n
I
he31'o, agelast th, ,aid Thomaa Don-
gan, his heirs and Assigns and all
cha'lll amI ee SllY, that alccord
n
ing to orde, he went to tlle Sus-
quehannocks and other Indians at
pen11m and llersml 11 , havlnll or head of Bay that thn
CI"lming have llr from by Wlue King tb" Chcm,llennan
or under him, them or any of them, King would have come along with
ansi also 'dalnst lell and eve," the him, but that tdeir men weml
Senneca, Aasqu"h,nna Indian", ,hall Ysone ob,aad buntinn and Tl,camfO
and 'will Warrant and forever defend, he understood that the rest were
no WITle?lllS wh"reof salb bart- wming come hown ahout monlIl
lea have thelle present Indeatnres, hence, did not b,inp them WitIl
oy Certificates to the other Indent- him.
He reports that at Canistauya
u,e, of sam, inteete an,t llate
he,ewlth lnterclmngeab1t sett their
hands and seals, dated the day
yea, first e,bova writtew
THOMAS DONGAN,
Sealed and delivered, being first
2tteenpt Hr,eordIHt to of tel'lia-
ment. In ye presence of
SAM, VAUb,
WM, tPRINGETT.
FR, HARDING."
fNonestoffisa) SmlluehamH, and
Seneca Indians have about 40 young
lusty men besides women and chil-
lh'en; thnt thn Sheann,na (Nawnesn)
Indians being about 30 men besides
their women and children. are living
within lour mtes CauuflltaUta
lower down and submit themselves
and pay tribute to the Susquehanna
Indian, llnd SemllHls.
He eeya that the Delaware Indiape
live at Nlnguannan about nine miles
Jigi!iz' gle
from the head of the Elk River and I delphia In 1790. p. 16 says that he
15 miles from Christiana and 30 we!}t about the head of the Chesa-
miles from Susquehanna River, and I peake Bay and from there to George
are about 300 men and are tributary Fruit's house; and that with this
to the Senecas and Susquehannocks, I friend he went to an Indian town not
50 of them being at Nulguahannan I far from his friend's house be'cause
and the rest' upon Brandywine and i he had a desire to see these people,
Upland Creeks. I having never seen any of them be-
He says that the Susquehannocks,' fore. I do not undertake to say, how-
Delawares, and Shawuese do take ever, that it was the Susquehanna
themselves to be and are inclinable Indians that he visited, there being
to be under this Province because of several tribes along the Bay. Chalk-
their hunting within the same be- ley In the same year made another
twixt the Susquehanna and the Poto- trip of which he tells us at page 23
macs; and finally he says that too of his works, saying that he travelled
many people trade with these In- from Philadelphia to Maryland and
dlans,"-See also pp. 565 and 566. I visited friends on the western shore.
'l'berefore he Ukely came through tile
1698-The Ganawase IndIans Ask Susquehanna Country and most cer-
Permlsslop to Settle In Penn- I tainly did if he reached the Western
sylvanJa. shore by going around the head of
In Lyle's History of Lancaster Chesapeake Bay Instead of crossing
County, p. 11 It Is stated that this It.
year the G'anawese Indians went to 1698 -The Location of the Susque-
Philadelphia to obtain permission to
settle In Pennsylvania. This date hanna Remnant DetermIned.
seems to be a year or two earlier In Vol. 22 of the Maryland Arch.,
than the correct date. In Vol. 2 of p. 50 a proceeding Is set forth as
the Colonial Records, p. 191 under the follows: "It Is proposed that the As-
date of 1705 It Is stated that "five sembly advise whether the Susque-
years ago the Ganawese or Piscata- hannock Indians where they now live
ways settled In this Province near the be within the bounds of the Province
head of the Potomac. Here they just of Maryland or not,-(Md. Archives,
had settled with the cousent of the 14). And It was decided that as to
Proprietary and that the Conestoga the Susquehannock Indians It Is con-
Indians at tbat time became a guaran- cluded they are not within this
tee for the lood behavior of the Gana- (Maryland) and as to the
wese but later In the year of 1705 method of holding an Assembly, the
these Ganawese asked to move to an- House do not think fit to draw up a
other part of Pennsylvania." method,"-(Do. p. 39). It was also
Miss Lyle in her History also says proposed "that the house should give
that the Ganawese settlement was some answer whether they think It
about Washington . Borough,-See p. necessary that the Government of
12. New York should be sent to about
1698-Cbalkley's VIsIt to the IndJans the Indians and If they are of opln-
In These Parts Ion that the Susquehannock Iudlans
Thomas Chalkley, the Quaker do not Uve within the bounds of the
preacher In his collection of works
j
Province of Maryland, his Excel-
printed by James &: Johnson in PhUa- leney w1l1 have nothing to do with
Digitized by Coogle
ttltlN ALS 1) F
them since the 'House are not wllllnz.; I tinter Iz.;to Siii:h fUiihiir attIdes
an :i::dlnii:i:tte shen::] be h:i.Ssed :i:tay prop:i:iiid to th:i.m: as
against such persons as entice people I the Piscataway Indians which are
out of the Province. Therefore this I dally expected to comn and setUii
h::::::rd quit ,Kiems:::I teS Of timonf:;iif us, they thould nut come
venience and danger that may ap- in before the return of the messeng-
pear .. " ers to the Susquehanna Indians, that
Klere see tltat the G:::iernor ehall ueii such miiaSutii:::
iioiik ImH:ms or the remnant of the as he thinks fit."
tribe are again on the Susquehanna In this we see it Is true that
tIL:ter nmth of Mar:::Ii"tnd
169SMaryland Again Makes a Treaty
With the Susquehannocks:
the r:i:ii"atawe.Z:.r Ot Ganawi:':te
dians were moving their home about
this time; and this corresponds with
what havi" i?uoted flom
Yn Vt:L 22 t.he Mmylan:.l Arch ..
p. 168 the following note of a treaty lal Records and other sources.
is set forth, beiny; a proeeedinh In thL 1699--AL Act Propott:h to Sif:iure
:i:LiiembIL "TKils Hossi: haw rea::l FiiinUer MarhLnd frYiltft the
In'"8slon of the Susque.
the treaty made with the Indians at
the head of the Bay by Colonel
TllOmp::nfi and :ithers LLd con ztLnnonhi:
celve that the Shawnese came from In Vol. 22 of the Maryland Arch.,
the Southward and not in any ways pp. 509 and 510 under this date is
[:i":fongiLy; to the GOVi":Y'iHllent NeT yet an tK.t:t of h:tseml:::Y to
tIork; and the Susquehannock In- tect frontiers or Lfarylan:.K and
dlans are at their old habitation is as follows:-
eUPPOSiiP to be Tithoi.:t. the limLts Of "Whi:teaS tllere hL2i been murder
thIs Pronince an:.l that this House i:ommffti":d by Tndiamt on thn frontit:r
has no assurance of any nation of plantations of Potomac River within
Indians the head Of the Putumac. t.his lirnvinct: for preffntion
The frraty trferred as by the for futUtr:
Colonel Thompson included the Sus- Be it enacted, etc., that Colonel
tit:i":hannncks. Niniat: Beall :Ind (;ac:tain Rlchcl'Y
fiwniii: with twelve tiT:opekc and
1699--An Embassy Sent to Susque- foot soldiers do range in and about
hanna. the frontier plantations fot the
in VoL 2 Of t.he ;11 i"::yl ami firch.. i:uritu thereuf. so as
pp. 422 and 423 a report is given of Ilenc
y
, t.he and
a session of the Assembly of Council: and the commIttee herein-
fLil:d whi:rein :s stated, "The :ifter ::.;tpointi"::G shz::i see eooveni:::ttf
think it necessary that to continue the said rangers and that
. James Frisby, Esq., or one of his the said rangers shall be allowed the
hiejestt::i coua:ll) shouiP bit t:alled tum 2 ShlIILngs :md 6 fLi"::iCe
and also the of the Bur- each trooper per day, they finding
gesses of Baltimore County with what themselves horse!!, arms and provls-
other i:ii"fi:ons iihl.11 bo fhouYsht fit to ions, aid the two comfttand:i:i:i
he dispat.ched with a11 convenient be paid in money proportionate the
speed to the Susquehanna Indians to same rate; and that Thomas French
if will r:itify confirm tho llrovZ:.lr for ranz.;:irs th:l iluantift
Teague i"i:ieadZ:. made with tA:m to of 60il weight of pork and 1000 weight
Jigi!iz' gle

.,1 blsket to be deducted out of the voices against the bilL"
-.,ay. and the said rangers and foot Here we see that one party believ-
tloJdlers to be levy-free during aer- ed that the Susquehannock friendship
vice, and they shall duly range and would be more securely obtained by
in cuse any be found to straggle and withdrawing ail troops and not a l ~
not perform their duty they shall lose lowing the rangers in the disputed
three days' pay: territory at all; so the bill was de-
And finally, James Finley, Colonel feated.
Adderson Thompson and John Hale 1700 _ An .let for Quieting the Dlf-
and what other persons they think I ferences Between Maryland and
11t be dispatched with all convenient
speed to the Susquehanna Indians to I the Indians.
ratify and confirm t ~ e league former- In Vol. 24 of the Maryland Archives.
Iv made with them and to enter to I pp. 102 and 103 is set forth an Act
such further articles as by his Excel- of Assembly by Maryland as follows:
lency, the Governor and Council and I "Whereas, differences have and
the committee hereinafter appointed I may arise and grow between the Eng-
shall propose to them that a present llsh and the Indians which for the
be given to the said Susquehanna In-l want of a speedy way of delivery the
dians and the said committee join same may make great changes and III
with his Excellency, the Governor conveniences, have and may happen
and Council In advising such meas- therefrom by controversey being
ures as will suppress any violence brought from the remotest parts of
as may be offered this province by the. the rrovince to be heard and tesU-
Indians, after the breaking up of the fled before the Governor and Coun-
present Assembly." 1 cil, the great trouble of the persons
. concerned.
1700-An Objection Made to the Bill Be it enacted that the persons in
for Defending Maryland. the Act hereinafter mentioned and
In Vol. 24 of the Maryland Archives, appointed be and hereby authorized
p. 24 under this date the bill for the and empowered to hear and deter-
security of Maryland being read. Ob-I mine all matters of contrC)verseywhat-
jection was made against the whole soever that may arise or happen be-
bill, that his Excellency had - lately tween the English and the Indians in
made a peace with the Indians "wheth- private or personal controversey
er it was not more reasonable upon not exceeding the value of twenty
the renewing of the peace, instantly Shillings,. that is to say .......... for
to withdraw the rangers and let the the Susquehannock, Shawnese and
Indians have the assurance that we Delaware Indians and others on those
design firmly to observe our promise frontiers Col. John Thompson and
and expect the same observance from Edward BIay be and hereby authorlz-
them; and to give no occasion to ed to hear and determine any such
dimdence and to leave the disposal matters and when judgment thereon
of the fort to them; to do them all the I is given, either party refusing to per-
right they can by letting them quiet- form the same the other party by
ly enjoy their land; to secure the I way of distress take into his custody
friendship of the Susquehannocks I the goods and chattels of the offend-
and the Eastern Shore Indians-and ed and out of the same make full
It was carried by a majority of I satisfaction to the party which was
Digitized by Coogle
15<1 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
wronged, at the discretion so author- Great men; whereupon our Interpre-
Ized and tile over-plus returned to ters, John Hans and Christian Mounts
the owner." being sworn both to receive and truly
i700-An Order to Treat tile Susqu.,- deliver and honestly to Interpret. The
Susquehannocks King not being per-
hannoci IndlaDs Wftll Respect. sou ally present but only Ills great
In Vol. 25 of the Maryland Arcb., men, we showed ourselves much dls-
pp. 104 and 106 there Is set forth tbe appointed by reason of bls absence.
following: "Pursuant to an order of acquaInting them that we expected
his Excellency, dated May 9th, re- him to be present as well as the other
qulrlng these persons at the head of Kings; but one of the great meo
the Bay to treat wltb the Susque- named Cassawetoway aliias "In-
hannocks, Shawnese and Delawares dian Harry' halt the English tongue
as soon as possible and to proceed; very fluently, begging his excuses, ac-
thereupoB notice was given by one qualnted us tllat two other Kings.
of the persons appOinted to John Klndowagahaw and Sawwaydoggo-
Hans to acquaint the said natives, the bay (Seneca Kings) were come to
Susquehannocks, Shawnese and Dela- give him a visit and that for these
wares; that on some certain time as reasons he could nQt possIbly at-
soon as possible to meet us at John tend but ordered him with the rest
Hans's house. then there as wen to of the great men 'to give their at-
communicate wbat by this Govem- tendance to hear what we bad to
mcnt was given us In charge as to communicate to them and what they
receive what by their Kings and enacted [n that behalf should be con-
Great Dien they had to communicate flrmed by himself.
to us; at the day and place, to wit: Then we acquainted them that we
the 28th of August, 1700, we the said were very glad to see them here and
persons and one of the Interpreters that if the King together with the
between five and six o'clock In the other Kings had come to us, we
evening. it being late we first re- would have kindly received and en-
treshed ourselves, and acquainted tertalned them, which they took
those Indians that were then present, kindly.
the Shawnese' and Delawares' Kings We. proceeded to acquaint them
together with their Great men, that that our coming and calling of them
tomorrow morning we should pro- was to ratify and confirm the treaty
ceed on our said treaty; they seemed of friendship they had already enter-
very willing so we gave them some ed Into with us and several other
drams and they shook us by the articles herewith sent which being
hand; and we went to our repOHe. I consented to and signed by the sev-
August 29, It being eight of the eral nations. We gave them nine
clock we, the persons nominated ac- match coats and 40 yards of printed
qualnted the said Indians that we dimity equally distributed among
would proceed upon the treaty and them. the more firmly to oblige them
accordingly we took our places, when to tb."! stricter performance of these
Were present Ocahale, K[ng of the articles, now made, ratified and con-
Delaware Indians and his Great men firmed.
with his IBterpreter, Captain Hagrup; We further Inquired of them wheth-
and Ophesaw (Opessa), King of the er any neighboring Indians were de-
Shawnese Indians with Boschaccus slrous of entering Into friendship
his interpreter, together with his and amity with us and the said In-
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRmES 1'51
diam". an1wered
were not any they
at p1eSeI1t there 'THE DF5L,AWAAt7 KILfi, Hi1 wark
knew of; and so KING OF SHA WNEBE, His Mark. n.
I10nc llUlpd
thp Indlantl and il"IARK -1-,
drank the King's health .
Dated at 1700 -The Above Mentioned Treaty
.John Hans' thIs 29th day of August,
Tht, Yndit,llI1 in tUlttn IHeir
ill the llaryland
httembRh,
af'l'ection presented the (}Qvernment In Vol. 24 of the Maryland Arch.,
with 15 undressed deer skins." 151 was orhered lhat treatt
"hlgneh icy llC mllde with tht husqaIlhannoth,
JAMES FRISBY, ware and"Shawnese Indians by James
JOHN THOMPSON, ffl'llSby, h=tq., Aplonel ffllyhn ThuxI1psOI1
NNWARcY BLAA l'.nd Cnt,kuin AduardBkay sh,mld btL
"On the same day we proposed to laid before the House which was
the Susquehanno31tks, ShnWne,I11 and d,tne; ,Old the ",me confh'med
DelawarLla the followinll duestklal,: said 110USO.
(1) Whether they are wllling still 1700-Tbe Susquehanna Chiefs Make
to confiuu that TormeL peacc and Anob.bor Drrtb. to'&dli:&Hamllc,nn.
amity moilo wlU, us; whicil they In Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives,
answered that they were all very p. 133 IB set forth the following deed
wtllmg we ontered tnto den- Irum Sua41nehannoek COiLo[
e4'fl.? amity and peace Wit,, them for WilHam Penn:-
this Province that shall stand firm "We Widdaagh. alias Ocytyagh,
aIld go041 forever 4md h K14tlkS
(2) Whether they are willing if any ilachemas of the Susquehannagh In-
dians, and of the River under that
other Indians should commit any in-
jurt44s the illhabitants Of this 1 .10 on
Province that they should be parcel of EIlg!iSh
erable for them and to this theL re- goods, ruto uc lclven, by oua Il'rienu
pHeil that 1t is atld reasnnt.ble; tlud BLtlcHer, Hd.illiam Henn, jl4coprie
and that they would be accountable. tary and Governour of Pensilvania,
%ts) W1'lot11er they are, willInh up- iilid aIuo in cnn4tYderLtion of tbe
00 ony or li"mage tlommit.t.tltl or mnest gr1'41tor and eltargt.L
acted by any neighboring. Indians to the said Willam I.'enn, hath been at
an" persono of Lb.&s GoezlrnmOtlt to treoting about and ymrcha4lieg
at'4;;1't and help To LZiis an- tnme. do btlreby GYve, and
Confirm unto the Said William Penn
swered they were not only willing all the Said River S4
l
squehatlnagh,
bLd. would also ,&,urSU1' and if ood all other !411ands thhrein, and all
pOh;;ible LZl34m or any o" them and the laJ1ds situate lying, and being
bring them to be dealt with all as the upon both Bides of the said River,
GOIlornmOtk shall thinll fit. tbil4ere- Ltnd none adjotbtbg to sam", to
upon they shook hands with us in a utmost. confines of the lands, which
token of sincerity of their af'l'ection are or formerly mere tho Ritht of the
aU41 theo KtaVe thLlY,' hand1 and Gaople Nation called the dnsqUtL
seals to this Instrument this 29th of Indians, or by what name
AUiust, 1700. .IOeVel they were called 0,' kuowY4
Jigi!iz' gle
thereof, and also all Lakes, Rivers, EDWARD SINGLETON,
Rivulets, Mountains, Streams, Trees, DAVID POWELL.
Woods, Underwoods, Mines, Royal- JAMES LOGAN.
ties. and other Mines, Minerals. Recorded page 73, &c.
Quarries, Hawkings, Huntings, fish- N. B. BOILEAU, Secy.
ings, fowlings and other Royalties, The second day of August, in ye
Privfleges. and Powers, whatsoever Year of our Lord, One Thousand.
to them or any of them belonging, or Seven Hundred and thirty-five James
by them enjoyed as fully, and amply of the Northern Liberties, of the City
in all respects, as we or any of our of Phfladelphia. Esq. Upon his
ancestors have, could, might, or solemn afHrmation, according toLaw,
onght to have, had, held, or enjoyed. Doth declare and depose, That he was
And also, all the Right, Title Inter- present and did see the within men-
est, Possession, Claim and Demand, tioned Kings, or Sachemas, named
which we or any ot us may claim, to Widaagh, its Orytyah, aI's Andaggy-
have in the same. And we do here- junkquahSeal and as their deed de-
by ratifie and confirm unto the said liver the Writing or Conveyance,
William Penn ye bargain and Sale of within contained. and that the name
said Lands, made unto CoIl. Thomas of this AfHrmant thereon indorsed, as
Dongan, now Earl of Limerick, and a Witness of the same, is of his own
formerly Governor of New York, handwriting. JAMES LOGAN.
whose deed of sale to the said Gover- AfIlrmed.
nor Penn we have seen. To have At Phlladelphia, the Day and Year,
and to hold, the said Rivers, Lands, above said, before me, Thomas Grif-
and premises, hereby granted, and fits, One of the Justices of Peace &c.,
confirmed with their and every of WITNESS my hand & Seal.
their rights, Members and APpurte-1 THOMAS GRIFFITHS ...
nances. unto ye ad Will. Penn, his Entered in the ofHce for recording
heirs and aSSigns, to the only proper of Deeds, for the City and county of
Use, and behoof of the said Will. Phfladelphia. In Book F. Vol. vlU.,
Penn, his Heirs and Assigns forever. page 242, ~ c .. the 26th day of August,
In witness whereof the said wm. A. D., 1735. Witness my hand and
Penn, his Heirs and Assigns forever. Seals of my office, the day and year
In witness whereof we have, for our- above. C. BROCKDEN, Recd'r."
selves and Nation, hereunto set our This deed is endorsed, "Susque-
Hands & Seals, the thirteenth day of hanna River and Islands therein, and
September, 1700. Lands on both sides, granted by Wid-
His aagh, and Andaggy-junkquagh. Con-
WIDAAGH X firming Governor Dongan's old Deed
Mark.
to Governor Penn."
Alias ORYTYAGH.
This deed needs very little com-
His ment as it explains itself fully. It
ANDAGGY X was meant to be another confirma-
Mark. tion of the main Durchase by William
Alias JUNQUAH. Penn from the Indians on the Sus-
Sealed and Delivered In the pres- quehanna River. In this sale the
Susquehannocks as a Nation practi-
ence of
EDW. ANTITT,
HEN. TREGENC, Esq ..
I
cally ended their existence. They
now confirm to Penn completely this
large tract of land. A large num'ber
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDI.AN TRIBES 153
of the Susquehannocks are in New
York State living with the Five Na-
tions, another portion of them are
about the old original Susquehan-
nock Fort Country, along the West-
ern edge of what [s now Manor
township. The whole of them are
completely under the Five Nations
and now they finally sell out their
Susquehanna Lan.,s and become one
remnant of the conglomerated tribe
of Lancaster County Ind[ans, the cen-
tral factor of which were called the
Conestogas. It Is true that on the
Second of AprU." 1701, together with
the Shawnese,Ganawese and Potomac
Tribes and representatives of the
I<'lve Nations they joined in a treaty
confirming this deed of the 13th of
September, 1700. Among other things
their jOining [n was more a matter of
form than substance. When we
speak of the Conestoga hereafter it
will be understood that some of that
mixed tribe of Conestogas were the
decendants of these ancient Susque-
hannocks but as a Nation of dignity
and strength the SusQuehannock
tribe is now ended. We will, however,
occasionally speak of individual Sus-
quehannocks as we proceed.
END OF PART FIRST.
Digitized by Coogle
...
Digitized by Coogle
PART II.
THE CONFEDERATED INDUN
TRIBES OF LOWER SUSQUE.
HANNA VALLEY - CONESTOGAS
-SHA WNESE - CONOYS - DE.
LAWARES - GANAWESE--:-AND
IROQUOIS- (THE FIVE NA
TIONS).
that Garland also threatened that he
would carry them all away and make
them servants and that Garland also
laid threatening hands on them and
did them other mischief. Thill peti-
tion is dated at Brandywine, the first
of May, 1700.
A note found on page 1 says that
1700-The Conestoga Indians and Garland lived at New Castle in 1701.
Others Petition Against the And that he was arrested on a com-
Abuses Upon Them. plaint of the Shawnese Indians for
I V
I 1 of the Penn &; Lo an I having brought to the Shawnese set-
no. g tlement several anchors of rum; and
Correspondence, p. 1 there is a peti- made the Indians believe that Penn
tion from Conondahto, King of the sent it.
Susquehanna or Conestoga Indians
and of Mecallona, King of the Shaw- 1700-The French Back of Pennsy}.
nese against Garland, Askin and TanIa Trade with Our IndIans.
Reed, setting forth that lately four I IIi Vol. 1 of the Penn and Logan
strange Indians came from the I Correspondence, p. 39 above referred
Northward among them which they to it Is stated that the French are
supposed from their clothing to have settling back of Pennsylvania, four
been servants of the Christians and days from New Castle and that Lewis
Mecallona talking with them found a Lenoivin, who lived many years in
squaw and her son nearly related to Eastern Pennsylvania and traded
your naked Indlms; who were a with the Indians is run away to
powerful tribe and often molested them, the French, as a spy.
these petitioners both in their towns 1700- Ganawese Indians Move Inm
at Susquehanna and their hunting
grounds; and these petltionerll are
now the frontier Inhabitants of the
Province of Pennsylvania. These pe-
titioners also complain that last win-
ter Garland and Askin produced a
paper with a large seal and said it
was a warrant from the Governor to
deliver these Conestogas and Shaw-
nese but they did not go. Then ten
days later Garland and Askin came
again with James Reed and had an-
other paper with a large seal; and
Reed said he was the next man to the
Governor Iftld to show that he was,
he pulled off his wig and said, "You
see. I have two heads."
The Susquehannock King also says
Pennsylvania.
p. 191, under the date of 1706 It Is
stated "that "about five years ago the
Piscataway or Ganawese Indians set-
tled in this Province near the head of
the Potomac, and that they were now
reduced by sickness to a small num-
ber and desired to quit their present
habitation which they occupied since
1700, at which time the Conestoga In-
dians had become their guarantees of
friendship made between them. And
now the Schuylkill Indians desire
them to settle near them."
Here we have a statement of the
time when the first of the tribes
Digitized by Coogle
forming the new conglomeration of says, p. 34 In speaking of the year
Indians came Into Pennsylvania and 1700, that he journeyed through the
also the statement that at the time Indian Country an:! tells of his con-
that they came the Conestogas agreed tact with them, the things he leam-
to guarantee their good behavior. At ed from them and what some of their
page 245 of the same book It Is stat- strange ways and customs were.
ed that "when in 1700 the Piscata- l'ZOO-Peter BI.a1lon's Trading
ways settled in this Government they
also went to Philadelphia In company
with Indians of Conestoga and the
Shawnese and made a treaty, where-
by these last named Indians engaged
to the Government for the peaceable
behavior of the Ganawese"; and they
behaved In a peaceable manner for
many years after they made their
promise.
1700-Dolngs About Conestoga.
This year says Miss Lyle In her
history of Lancaster County, p. 6
Chartier set up a trading post about
a mile below the Susquehannock
Fort; and also at p. 28 that he began
his trading about Conestoga this
year, and that this year Colonel
James Wright was appointed to look
after the Indians of this section.
Rupp says at page 54, that Blzal-
ion was licensed to trade with the
Indians of this section this same
year; and Rupp also says at Page 28
that this year the Shawnese had their
Fort on the Upper Dctoraro near the
line of where a road afterwards laid
House.
In Vol. 19 of the Sec. Series of the
Penna. Archives, p. 317 we are
shown the central station of Peter
Bizalion's trading operations. It is
there stated that his main trading
post was established this year at
Mahanatawny.
1700 - The Pennsylvania Inhabitants
Settle as Far South as the
Mouth Of Octoraro Creek.
In Vol. 1 of the Pennsylvania
Archives, p. 432 we are shown that
the first intention was that Pennsyl-
vania should extend South to the
junction of the Dctoraro with the
Susquehanna. In this book under the
date of 1734 in the Instructions to
Hamilton &; Georges it Is stated,
"Pennsylvania has been possessed of
and maintained Its Government for
more than thirty years past as far
South as the Mouth of Octoraro or
near It; nor has Maryland ever ex-
ercised jurisdiction over the Inhabl.
tants or Indians north of that Uml.
out to August Sessions, 1719 of the untll two or three years ago."
Chester County Court, passed. I cite this mel ely to show what
1700-Penn Desires Religions Schools 11Ine determined the Indians belong-
for the Indians. ing to Pennsylvania and those be-
longing to Maryland.
In the first volume of Proud's
History, p. 423 Penn sets forth his
great concern that religious Instruc-
tions should be given to the Indians.
but what was done in this regard I
can not find.
1700 - Chalkley Journeys Among the
170n-Conestoga Now the Great Capl.
tal of all the Snsquehanna
Indian Tribes.
p. 604 at a treaty at Philadelphia In
1735 at which Thomas Petm was pre-
Chesapeake Indians. I sent the old deed of 1700 and the
In Chalkley's Works called "Chal-j treaty of a few months later ratlfy-
kley's Autobiography of Travel," he ing it were brought out and read to
Digitized by Coogle

the Indians and in commenting upon of William Penn-bought of Shak-
them the Governor says, "These hoppah, Secaming, Malebore, Tan-
articles you see here were made prin- goras, Indian kings; and Maskecasho,
cipally with the Susquehannock In.,. Wawarrin, Teaoughan, Tarrecka,
dians who then lived' mostly at Nesonhaikln. Indian sackamackers. I
Conestogoe; and the Shawenese also notice that in the way of the line of
as their friends came under Our survey, two Indian paths traverse it
Fathers' protection and entered Into obliquely. northwest by north-the
the same league." first from Philadelphia, is at Rocky
I quote this simply for the purpose I Run, (fifteen miles), between the
of showing that the head-quarters of head waters of Ridley and Chester
the Indians of Eastern Pennsylvania creeks, the second at thirty-eight
at this time were Conestoga. That miles, two miles beyond Doe Run.
while there were yet some Indians These facts I found recorded in a
near the Delaware there were not survey book, No. 14, In the land
many of them because of the advanc- oMce, and the above extracts are
ed civll1zation on that river and from the warrant of survey of Holme.
those that lived on the Schuylkill Below follow other facts on the same
were also few in number but the subject, all tending to show the treaty
greater bulk ot Pennsylvania In- by which the lands of Philadelphia
dians were centered around Cones- city and county are held."
toga or the Susquehanna at this Watson then sets out the letter
time, viz. : the Conestogas or frag- which Thomas Holme wrote to
ment of the old Susquehannocks to- Shachoppah and other Indians but
gether with dUferent branches of the we have already given that In full
Iroquois and with them tIle Shaw- in an article under the date of 1688,
nese, Ganawese, the Conoys; and the entitled, "The Boundaries of the
Delawares, who while they still Uv- Walking Purchases, etc." We will
ed in the Schuylkill River were also not repeat it because we have cited
few in number and in 1709 moved to it before for other purposes and we
the Susquehanna River also. (See 2 cite It now only to make prominent
Col. Rec . p. 469.). the fact of a survey of a direct Une
1700-A. Line Suneyed from Phlladel. to Conestoga for this line Is an im-
phla Dlreet to Conestoga portant one In our Colonial history.
In Vol. 2 of Annals, p. 175 It will be observed that it lies almost
Mr. Watson says, "In July, 1700, on what afterwards was The Great
there was a survey of a Une from Conestoga Road; and indeed, the
Philadelphia direct to Susquehanna. eastern end of the Great Conestoga
coming nigh the mouth of Cone- Road, at least to Haverford was in
stoga creek, a little more north, existence at the time of this survey.
(I\bout four miles), near to 'an old We have no doubt that the western
fort demolished.' This was in conse- end was a well defined Indian path
quence of surveyor-general Holmes'
purchase of all the lands from Up-
land creek to Pemapeck creek, and
so backward to Susquehanna, two
days' journey. The land Is sald to
have been bought of the Indian
Kings and sakamackers, for the use
which began as early as the found-
ing of Philadelphia aad was well de-
fined by the year of 1700, for while
the Susquehanna Indians first traded
down the river, when Penn's enter-
prises began they began trading with
Philadelphia and In so doing made
and followed a well defined road.
Digitized by Coogle
HOI-Shawanese at Pequea Complain I grievous among the Indians of the
or the Rum Trade Susquehanna yet the Government
At a council held on the third of I could do little to prevent it; and on
September, 1701, it is stated that, the 6th of October 1701, a petition
"Shemekenwhoa, one of the chiefs was presented to. the Assembly by
of the Shawana Indians solemnly de- the inhabitants of County
clared and complained to the to have rum selling among the In-
Governor that Sylvester Garland had dlans stopped. The Assembly ap-
brought to the Indian settlement of proved the petition by a majority
their nation several anchors of rum and ordered a statute to be drawn
to the quantity of about 140 gallons against the rum trade with the In-
and that to induce them to receive dians, (See Vol. 1 of the Votes of
It and to trade with him he pretend- Assembly, pp. 151-153). The act
ed he was sent by the Governor and against giving liquor to the Indians
gave one cask as a present from was passed October 28, 1701, and is
him, upon which being entreated to I found in Vol. 2 of Statutes at Large,
drink they were afterwards very 'I p. 168. It provides among other
much abused." The Council ordered things that liquor carried to the
this matter to be further inquired Indians shall be forfeited and go
into. (See 2 Col. Rec., p. 33.) lone-third to the Governor and two-
This same complaint is referred to thirds to the party that seizes the
in the Penn &; Logan Correspond- same; and that the Indians were em-
ence in Vol. 1 at the foot of page 1 powered to seize it the same as any-
in a note, where it is stated by the one else; and that also no per-
editor that Garland lived at New son shall receive in pawn any 910th-
Castel and in September, 1701, he iug or goods belonging to the In-
was arrested and brought before the dians for liquor, and those who
Council for bringing this rum. violate the act shall suffer penalty
The rum trade with the Indians was a of 10 pounds 'and the pawn might
great trouble to the early Govern- be seized by warrant by the near-
ment; and another character who est Justice of the Peace and be re-
violated the law was John Hans del1vered.
Steelman who lived in Maryland and This act to. restrain the sell1ng of
without a l1cense dealt in liquors liquor to our Indians had some dif-
with our Conestoga Indians, (See 2 ficulty in passing. Exceptions and
'. Col. Rec., p, 21); and also the viola- amendments were proposed to it by
tions of law by Louis and Peter the Governor and the Assembly con-
Bezalion trading also in liquor about sidering the exceptions voted them
the Susquehanna were grievous. (See down. There were two exceptions
2 ColI. Rec., p. 18.) and both were defeated in the As-
In 2 Col. Rec., p. 45, at a Council sembly. From this we, see waat
held on the 6th of October it was difficulty our forefathers experienc-
ordered that a warrant be sent out ad in keeping the liquor traffic from
against Sylvester Garland for sellIng ruining the Indians of the Susque-
rum to the Indians, whereby he was hanna.
arrested and brought before the As additional evidence of what a
Governor and Council to defend him- field the Indians of the Susquehanna
self or make answer. It seems, how- and other sections were for liquor
ever that while the rum trade was traffic, Proud in his history of Penn-
Digitized by Coogle

OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY'INDIAN TRIBES 15S
56Ylvanla Say4 at aage YY3, illat Inni4.n :Harry Cnaestona snnuld
company was organized be sent for to be consulted about
@@nntrol the Ilquoo business aad pa44Ing law for aroll.itilting aU
@eegpoIigIble for tile consequences Indians from using rum. Actio.
but it met with no favor. was litter taken on tae subject Y.nd
we will @ipeak it its ord,en
Leaves Conestoga lor 1701-Tbe Potomac Indians Allowe4
CUkkPda to ilattle .ITn PkieIinsYR@anJa
Fn 2 01 tile Col. Rec., p. 100. In Vol. 2 of 001. Roo., p. 17, it ia
it is stated under the date of 1703 set kiorta as o.@ the otipulatlons
.Tameg Letolt Who aftnut tti/O of tlie big treaty by the Conestogas,
years ago went out of this Province (which treaty we will set forth III
Cai'tttda niturIien aiH1 Wt::g eo full in Fater item) that the llneto.
amined before Council and magis- mac Indians with tileir Colony shall
trates and no great occasion was haoe frep leaeie of "'Ie sa.ill William
izmnd susieect ",im evil tiasigmz Penn to settle upon any part of the
.. the he \ Pntnmac . River Withl .. n the. OoUIi@iS .. of
pnen CHed itc.rom . .is ... fan.... the ProeSnce PsktnsyFt::nia, mey
and behaved himself hitherto well. observing and practicing aU and
He was seduced to depart in 1701 sinuelar the ntfcer p.rticIss of this
timkt of .kiSaCe kzy imrtxga,tiuo By settling on the Potomac
of some others, . as Rii/sr is m.eant any tiftrt the oal.
now con@e bkCicO it was mOUe
ue
ley of the Potomac River. These
wise to bring him' before Council to Potomac Indians had become afraid
@ioplain his Otttioo." of gavaOe@ tribczes the ",ouilz and
Thizz Jametz LnetOlt Has VtztzO wanted to move towards our Sus-
picturesque character about Cone- cOitntry be aear the
aioga md ne vatzh
frequently was summoned before the 1701-Pena Discusses NavIgating the
tletuneiL
170t-Indian Harry of Conestoga
We iloW 2.zzttzOdUe@Ce annther ""malli
able ebaraz@ter in the early annals
of Conestoga Indian History in the
tzersozz of pn 1 TzdiaH iHmiligrb
known as 'Indian Harry' of Cone-
zitoga but tl:eeF'inic,tl Indiao nama
was Cassawetoway as we have shown
in a former item.
It stated in Cnt Res@.. p.
that in this year of 1701
Coundl and Governor bad
into conSidering the many abuses
edsle.e frnm the', Indi;zz>s btieg
mitted to dtz2nk mim it nas
dered by the next sitting of Assem-
k'sFy, leur pnzmln@,zzt
Indians on the Upper Delaware and
CasqueE%aDn%@ Rlvzitz to
diaD Trade Cheaper
VtiL 1 the fann & Tcngan
Correspondence, p. 73. in a letter
bty;.inn.lzze Pi'sUe @' itten by
William Penn to James Logan. Penn
says, "I hope thy eye is upon the
mtiitnS retztZllch e',xpentas; and.
pray, see the utmost, at a leisure
hnuz" 01 poor MaztzL's Ltojeet or
navigating flats up Schuylkill and
REvert,
experiment for 40 shillings. Be it
50 tzhillings 3 it Ii@t,Z'e
mldzty advazztnge. In tbls
lieve there Is evidence Penn's
slre to ilevel[cil .@"
cmzatry z,nd
dian trade.
JlLlLt J(3
1511
ANNALS' OF THE SUS'QUEHANNOCKS' AND
1701-The Proofs' of Penn's Seeond
Visit te &be SnsqaeJumna BiTer
aDd Its Indlau
to cultivate the ancient friendship."
2. In Vol.2 of Watson's Annals, p_
lI09, Mr. Watson speaks of Neboway
an . Indian chief of tlle
We lave before given tire evidences and s81's that this chief's name
tendfng to pJOve a vlmt by Penn appears among the signerS" of the
about 1684 to what is now the Lan- treaty at Conestoga In 1718, and that
easter County region aDd we will the cllle! said that he remembers
now proceed to the proofs of a sec- that he saw William Penn on his
ond visit made In 1701. The cblet second villit to Conestoga In 1701.
proofs are as follows: 3. Ia Vol. 1 of the Penn &: Logan
1. Rupp In his history of Lancaster Correspondence, p. 43, there Is set
County, p. 35, says that Penn at a forth a letter from Isaac Norris to
tormer treaty promised the Shawa- Daniel Zachary, dated the 21st. ot
Dese chiefs protection. To enable JURe, 1701, In which Ite says, "I am
him to keep or fulfill tbls promise just come home from Susquehanna
he vlsfted them In person at Cone- where I have been to meet the Gov-
stoga, attended by many gentlemen ernor. We had a round about journey
of distinction. This he says In a and pretty well traversed the Wilder,
flote at the bottom of the page 35 ness. We lived nobly at the King's
and speaking ot the same In context Palace in Conestoga and from thence
he says, "His not succeeding In hav- I crossed to the SchuylkHl where We
Ing legislative co-operation, to pre- feU in (reached it) about 30 miles
vent Uquor being sold to the Indians up from hence (Philadelphia)." Here
and debaucheries being practiced on we have a plain statement that
them, to prevent their temporal William Penn was at Susquehanna
ruin, . he paid the sons of the fore- at the Palace of the King of the
est a visit, participated [n all their CoBestogas In June, 1701.
Innocent amusements and in return 4. To make doubly sure that the
received their visits In his own house Governor spoken of was WllUILPl
at Pennsbury." According to Rupp Penn, I cite Vol. 1 of the Penn II:
the purpose of Penn's visit at Cone- Logan Correspondence, p. 122, where
stoga was to protect these poor In James Logan writes to William PeJlD
dians. He cites Vol. 2 of the from Philadelphia on the 9th of
Colonial Records, p. 253. This Is the July, 1702, and he says on speaking
page found In the old or first about lands on the Susquehanna and
of the Colonial Records, which is about the Octoraro that, "Grlmth
now probably very rare. The page Owen and E. Shippen knew some-
In the Colonial Records most com- thing ot the place having been with
monly at hand Is p. 244 of Vol. 2 thee at Susquehanna which I did not."
and at that place Is set forth what In this again there Is the more ex-
James Logan told the Indians at pliclt statement that William Penn
Conestoga when he visited them In was on the Susquehanna.
the spring of 1706. And speaking of 5. In Vol. 3 of the Col. Ree. p.272,
William Penn, Logan said to these when Patrick Gordon held a council
Indians that when he (Penn) was with some of the Five Nations and
last in this country he visited those was discussing the affairs between
Indians of Conestoga and Is soon to them and the Conestogas, who were
do the same on his arrival In order tributary to and slaves of the Five
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES In
Nation.. They said the first Gov- here about 20 years ago he held a
~ r n o r of this place, Onaall, (Tot 18 treaty with the Mlngoes or Cone-
Governor Penn) when he first stogas settled on Susquehanna,"
arrived here sent to them to sell which Is either a reference to his
land and that when the Governor meeting them at Susquehanna or of
was at Conestoga he desired the the great treaty made at Philadelphia
(lhlefs to apeak about the purchases in September, 17()Q. Al'8o in the same
of the land. This is another refer- book, p. 149 Governor Keith In 1721
enee to Penn being at Conestoga. I speaks to the Indians and says.,
6. In Vol. 1 of the Penn &: Logan "WIiUam Penn our and your father
Correspondence, p. 41, in a letter when he first settled this country
from Isaac Norris to Samuel Chew the with English subjects made a 'firm
15th of Aprll, 1701, and he says, "Our league of friendship with all the
Governor haa gone out of town to Indians In these parts (that is Cone.
meet with the chieftains of the stoga);" and on page 54 I find refer-
Indians." Thi8 may refer to Penn's
visit to Susquehanna" however. it
seems to be nearly a month earlier
than Penn's Susquehanna visit.
7. In VoL 3 of the Col. Rec . p. 181,
Governor Keith in the year of 1722
held a treaty at Conestoga and when
there he said to the Indians., "The
last time I was with you at Cone-
stoga you showed me a parcllment
which you had received from William
ences to the same effect.
9. In Vol. 3 of the CoL Ree.. p. 92.
James Logan speaking to the Cone-
stogas :In 1720, speaks of WilUam
Penn as their old friend and refers
to his treaty 20 years ap;o; and on
p. 93 he further refers to Penn's first
Councils with the Indians, and OR
page 97 he refers to the same sub-
ject.
10. It Is to be noticed that hlstori-
Penn containing articles of friend- ans including Watson refer to a visit
ship between you and kim." This mad9 by Wllliam Penn to th'8 Sus-
again may be a reference to Penn's quehanna as a second visit. which Is
generally supposed to reter to this
visit In 1701 but it may likely refer visit of 170L
to tile great treaty. of September I 11. In the first walking purchase
1700 with the Conestogaes at Phila- this land extended back to the Sus-
delphia. Penn left for England about I quebanna and Penn seems to have
November, 1761, because Andrew been famiUar with It.
Hamilton presides over the Assembly 12. Another fact seeming to point
from tIlat date onward. See 2 Col. out Penn's fami1larlty with tile Sus-
Ree., p. 62. quehanna River and its Indians and
At a Council held July 7, 17311, the country generally is found in Vol
Wllliam Penn's intercourse with the 11 of the Penn &: Logan Correspond-
Indians on the Susquehanna Is again enee, p. 179 where he says that it
referred to seeming to indicate his his enemies do not begin to treat
being there about the year of 1701. h1m differently they will "drive me up
(See 4 Col. Rc., p. 337.) to Pennsbury or Susquehanna for
8. In Vol. 3 of the Col. Ree., p.10!, good and all." This shows that the
in a discussion between the Governor Susquehanna was familiar to him at
of New York and the authorities of the time he stated this which was in
Pennsylvaol.a there is a letter dated 1702.
1720 and In It oceurs this passage, 13. In Buck's history of Pellllsyl-
"Upon Governor Penn's last arrival I vania in an article entitled. "WIll-
Digitized by Coogle
lam Penn In America" at p. 317, he
says fn II topic entitled PenD's
JxmcEf!Y to SUSXimxh,xnna 701,
In It gays," was: Pmn's
.1WavorltCl mont1Wx ot travel. He set of!
about tlrls time 'on a journey Into
the Interim (,l the Pmvlnce. I(aac
r.xOXTIs'g On OCC,xxXn(x lIS
It Is composed of a square wooden
shaft neatly painted and lettered. On
tho Test sSdx' fnscPbxx,d 'In hS:.xmory
William Pmn, VlsltxxXd Phis:
Place In the Year 1700. Mention is:
made that It was chlefiy erectecI
thxo.xgh th.x ooortlonxx Isaac '<,'IuSker r
of said xxcSng fmXixx,ngr
lkndUIon. kenn got lost was e xo It hy hSs research.es
in the woods on the hili on the on the subject. It Is probable that
Northern or Ch4l8ter Colinty SSdli cear Penn may have met the Indians In
hTxxxxnt FOliliXX. and be xxmmdl hecE hn! tIrlxx EIxxlt muxxX' X'(v'
liot knxxm wllere de was, uDUl he In Jnlili, 1701. The mixxtake
got on the lUll tAls side of Valley consists In setting the time as that
Cre$k. wheD bd a dllmpse of the of one of the deeds from the Indians
d,xixnylk.f1l the n(xxmtry the land mhkh weili nearly "Inxays
xxXmtkwar4 regaixxnd his way and BB.xxxBted IB PblladelpPIB."
in of the same Jlamed This article as It appears In the In-
the former 11111 Mounty Miseco and flxdrer, I to InBBrt here In foIl or
latter j,inunty port; but fire destrmn,i tbe
Puck. fUclflrl' sayP, 'U is pmixeble file
!:e I The
I
of mon .... "here "ays, the of OdXlitlirO as
Board of., Tra .. de &xe
P
. . the I .. earIY .. of p .. 'lilira. ster xxmmty
hnve hlifl flvers xnlietingEl the bhawanx'sx' lived aH along Hequea
several nations of Indians of these Creek and from the mouth to the
parts as tbe Sbawno, SUSquehanna, source of the Octm',ro. In the
t?xxHuylkill Delnmxx.re Infllrnxx by Crrrter recntflt of Hndxst
fl.rcnmentt to pnrrtade
their submission this government." PX'xxxxSons, of the Huarter Pesslons
Buck further says, "This journey Court can be found the courses and
xxt Penn's the Suxxpn,xhannn ob- distances of an old road laid out In
has to somxx nrror. .xnnney one xxxx Hse oS: 'xxXMch IB rtuted
tnentiona It (2nd Edition, p. 435) as He neat xxid Shnme.xxa tontH near
having taken place in the Spring. Octoraro.
An artlc!.' Hppearet? the Lxxncas- Chese anX tPe knGnm prG,}fB of
nqulrtx' Gn Febx'uBX'h 24, In WHHam PrXm'S visIt 1701 his
nhlch mentI,rn Is mabe of a monu-
ment having been erected and dedi-
cated the xrevious 22nd of FBbnxary
Lap in t?xxIlsbux'G townshIp, Lan-
COnntp, on thB x'Gof of lame
building over a. fine spring of water
where It is said, 'Penn met the In-
and a cHxmeRI with them.'
brethren on the Susquehanna, Cone-
stoga and other adjoining streams
xxnd of thBt tlslt th}rx' can no
It wOHld sexxxn that Bame
the SonLExxxrn ronte and rBturned
the Northern route, viz: along
rexxch-
nrG the
Digiti Go e
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIA..."J TRIBES 162
mouth of French creek, which Isaac
Norris describes as being thirty miles
up the Schuylkill River from Phila-
delphia.
HOt-The Great Treaty With Cone.
longing, on ye one part, and Conno-
odagtoh, King of the Indians inhabit-
ing upon and about the river Susque-
hannah in the said Province, And
Wldaaph, (aUB.!! Oretyaghr) Koque-
eash &: Andaggy-Inhekquah, Chiefs of
stOg8s and Others the said nations, &: Wopaththa, King
We have noticed in a former item &: Lemonytungh &: Pemoyajooagh,
that in' September, 1700, the Susque- Chiefs of the nations of the Shawon-
hannas and other Indians of this nah Indians, And Ahookassongh,
neighborhood made a deed of a large brother to the Emperor, for and in
tract of land on our River to William behalf of the Emperor, (&: Weewhin-
Penn. To confirm this sale a treaty k
jongh, Takyewsan &: Woapas oa,
was made later which is found In Chiefs,) of the nations of the Indians
Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 16. It was inhabiting in and about the Northern
enacted on the 23rd day of April, part of the River Powtowmeck, in
1701, by and between the Indians of the said province, for &: in behalf of
the Susquehanna Territory and Wil- themselves &: successors, &: and their
Ham Penn at a Council on the after- several nations, and the People on
noon of the said day; and it is as the other part, as followeth:
follows: That as hitherto there hath always
"PRESENT:-The Proprietary and been a good understanding &: Neigh-
Governor, with some members of bourhood between the sd. Wm. Penn
Council and divers others, with the &: his Lts, since his first arrival in
Sasquehannaugh Indians. the peace Continued between Wm.
Connodaghtoh, King of the Sasque- Penn his Heirs &: successors, and
hannah Minquays or Conestogo In- all the English &: other Christian In-
dians, Wopatha (alias Opessah), King habitants of the said Province, and
of the Shawnese, Weewhinjough, the Said Kings and Chiefs, and their
Chief of the Ganawese, inhabiting at I successors, &: all the Several People
the head of Patowmeck; Also, Aho- I of the Nations of Indians aforesaid;
aksonagh, brother to the Emperor or So there shall be forever hereafter
great King of the Onondagoes of the a firm and lasting peace. And that
five nations, having arrived In town they shall hereafter be as one Head
two days, with several others of I &: One Heart, and live In true friend-
their great men, and Indian Harry ship &: Amity as one People.
for their interpreter, with some of (ITEM) That. the said Kings and
their young people, women and chil- Chiefs, (each for himself &: his
dren, to the number of about forty People Engaging,) shall at no time
in the whole. After a treaty and sev- Hurt, injure or Defraud, or suffer to
eral speeches, the following Articles be Hurt, Injured or defrauded by any
were solemnly agreed on. of their Indians; and inhabitant or
ARTICLES Inhabitants of the said Province,
Articles of Agreement Indented,
made, Concluded &: Agreed upon at
Philadia the 23rd day of ye month,
Called April, In the Year 1701, Be-
tween Wm. Penn, Proprietary and
Governor ot the Province of Pennsy-
lvania&: Territories thereunto be-
either in their Persons or Estates,
And that the said Wm. Penn, his
Heirs. &: Successors, shall not suffer
to be done or Committed by any of
the subjects of England within the
said Province, Any Act of Hostil-
Digitized by Coogle
Ity or Violence wrong or Injury, to I Province without the Special appro-
or against any of the Said Indians, baUon &: permission of the said WU-
but shall on both sides at all times lIam Penn, his Heirs and Successors.
readily do Justice, and perform all (ITEM) That for the preventation.
Acts &: Omces of friendship &: Good of abuses that are too frequently
will to oblige each other, to a lasting putt upon the said Indians In Trade,
peace, as aforesaid. that the said William Penn, his
(ITEM) That all and every of the Heirs and Successors, shall not Suf-
said Kings &: Chiefs, and all and fer or Permit any Person to trade or
every particular of the Nations under Commerce with any of the said In-
them, shall at all times behave them- dians, but such as shall be first al-
selves regularly and soberly, accord- lowed and approved of by an Instru-
ing to the laws of this Government ment under the Hand and Seal of
while they live near or amongst ye him, the said W1lliam Penn, or his
Christian Inhabitants thereof, And, Heirs or successors, or their
that the said Indians shall have the' Lieut's: And that the said Indians
full &: free privileges and immunities shall suffer no person whatsoever to
of all the said Laws as any other in- buy or sell, or have Commerce with
habitants, they Duly Owing and Ac- any of the said Indians, but such
knowledglng the Authority of the shall first be approved as aforesaid.
Crown of and Government (ITEM) That the said Indians
of this l'ro\inCtl. shall not sell or dispose of any of
(ITEM) That none of the said In- their Skins, Peltry, or furr, or any
dlans shall at any time be aiding, other effects of their hunting, to any
Assisting or Abetting any other na- Person or Persons whatsoever out of
tlon, whether of Indians or the said Province, nor to any other
that shall not at such time be I I person but such as shall be Author-
amity with the Crown of England and Ilzed to Trade with them as afore-
with this Government. I sald' And that for their Encourage-'
(ITEM) That if at any time any I the sald W1lliam Penn, his
the said Indians, by means of evll heirs' and successors, shall take Care
minded persons and sowers of sedi- to have them, the said Indians, duly
tion, should hear any Unkind or dis- furnished with all sorts of necessary
advantageous reports of the English, goods for their use, at reasonable
As if they had Evil designs against rates.
any of the said Indians, In such Case (ITEM) That the Potowmeck In-
such Indians shall send notice there- dians aforesaid, with their Collony,
of to the said Wm. Penn, his Heirs shall have free leave of the said Wm.
or . successors, and their Lieutenants, Penn to Settle upon any part of Pat-
shall at all times in such cases do owmeck River within the bounds of
the like by the them. this Province, they strictly observing
(ITEM) That the said Kings and and practising all and Singular the
Chiefs &: their successors, shall not Articles aforesaid to them relating.
Suffer any Strange Nations of In- (ITEM) The Indians of Conestogo,
dians to settle or Plant on the fur- &: upon &: about the River Susque-
ther side of Sasquehannagh, or about hannah, And more Especially the
Potowmeck River, but such as are Said Connaodaghtah, their King,
there already Seated, nor bring any doth fully agree to, and by these pre-
other Indians into any part of this sents, Absolutely Ratify the Bargain
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 164 .
&; Sale of the Lands lying near and
about the said River, formerly made
to the said William Penn, his heirs
and Successors, And since by Orety-
agh, &; Anadaggy-Junkquegh, parties
to these Presents, Confirmed to the
said Wm. Penn, his heirs and Suc-
cessors, by a Deed bearing Date ye
13th day of ye 7br last, under their
hands and seals, duly Executed. And
the said Connoodaghtah doth, for
himself and his Nation, Covenant and
Agree that he will at all times be
ready further to Confirm &; make
good the said Sale, according to the
Tenor of the same, and that the said
Indians of the Susquehannagh shall
answer to the said William Penn, his
heirs and Successors, for the good
Behavior and Conduct of the said In-
dians, and for their performing of
the several articles here Expresed.
(ITEM) The said William Penn
doth hereby, for himself, his heirs and
Successors agree, yet he and they will
at all times shew themselves true
friends and Brothers to all &; every
of ye said Indians, by assisting them
with the best of their Advices, Dir-
ections &; Counsels, and will in all
things Just and Reasonable befriend
them, they behaving themselves as
aforesaid, and Submitting to the
Laws of this Province In all things,
as the English and other Christians
therein do. To which they, ye said
Indians, hereby agree and obUge
themselves and their Posterity for-
ever.
In witness whereof, the Said Par-
ties have as a Confirmation made
mutual presents to each Other: The
Indians In five parcels of Skins, and
the said WUUam Penn In Several
English Goods &; Merchandlzes, as a
binding pledge of the promise, never
to be broken or violated. And as
a further testimony thereof, have al-
so to these presents Sett their hands
and Seals, the day and Year above
written.
Signed, Sealed &; Delivered in the
Presence of
Edw. Shippen,
Nathan Stanbury,
Alexr. Paxton,
Caleb Pussey,
James Streater,
J. Le Tort,
John Hans Steelman,
James Logan,
John Sanders,
Indian, aUas H a r r y .
Shawydoohungh,
his (H I) mark
Pemoquerlaehghan,
his (Z) mark
Passaqussay, his [)]
mark."
This was one of the great treaties
and is nearly always referred to in
subsequent matters by the Deputy
Governors with the Indians of Con-
estoga and Susquehanna River. The
same treaty may be found in Vol. 1
of The Pennsylvania Archives, p. 144 -
and this same treaty is again referred
to in Vol 1 of the Penn &; Logan Cor-
respondence, p. 39 and It is stated
there to have been the most notable
event of the year.
Watson In Vol. 1 of his Annals, p.
24 also speaks of Penn meeting the
different Indians in 1701 and says that
"Penn attended in Philadelphia in
1701 a great Indan treaty with 40
chiefs who came from many nations
to settle the friendship. The same
year he also had a great Indian
Counclll at Penns bury Mansion to
take leave of them and to renew the
convenants." Among these 40 chiefs
were the Susquehannas above men-
tioned. Watson also in Vol. 2 of his
Annals, p. 156 again refers to this
treaty.
Hazard in his Register in Vol. 5,
p. 130 also refers to the deed and
treaty of 1701, confirming the lands
Digitized by Coogle
....
on Susquehanna to Penn by those I And for the more effectually an-
Indians and states there that this swerlng so good a design, the Gov-
confirmation was renewed In 1726, ernor Desired that whenever any
and especially In the great treaty of transgressed the said Law, and Came
Lancaster In 1744. Contrary amongst them, to agree-
The Susquehanna&, Conestogas and
Other Neighboring Indlan8 Go to
Philadelphia to Ghe Penn Good
Bye, On HI8 LesTlng for England.
ment they would forthwith take care
to give Information thereof to the
Government, that the offenders they
might duly be prosecuted; which
they promised to observe, and that If
any Rum were brought they would
In 2 Col. Rec., p. 46 under the date
not buy It but send the person who
of the 7th of October, 1701, at a brought It back with It again.
Council held the afternoon of that Then the Governor Informed them
date, at which William Penn and six that he had charged the members of
members of Council were present
it Is recorded, that "the Sachems of Councll,and then also renewed the
same charge, that they should In all
the Susquehanna and Shawanah In-
dians with some of their people hav-
ing come to take leave of the Pro- strations of Goodwlll as he himself
prietary before his departure for had ever done, which the said mem-
England ,he Informed them that this bers promised faithfully to observe;
now was likely to be his last Inter- and making them some presents they
view with him, at least before his withdrew."
It Is difftcult to Imagine a more
return, that he had ever loved them beautiful meeting and leave-taking
and been kind to them and ever I than this must have been-the sav-
should contlue so to be, not through ages in their simplicity and honesty
any Politick Design or for interest, on one hand and the goodly William
but one of a most real affection, and
Desired them in his absence to Cul-
tivate friendship with those he would
leave behind in authority, as they
would always, In some degree con-
tinue to be to them as himself had
Penn and his Council equally sincere
and honest on the other hand. This
leale-taking is also noticed in Vol.
6 or Hazard's Register, p. 72 but as
it is exactly the same copy from the
Colonial Records, we w1l1 not repeat
it. Penn left for England a few
weeks after this incident.
ever been. The Governor also in- According to the Colonial Records
formed them that the Assembly was this leave-taking occured in Phila-
now enacting a Law, according to delphia. It seems that a little later
their desire, to prevent their being Penn made a great leave-taking
event for in Vol. 2 of Watson's An-
abused by the Selling of Rum, with nals, p. 156, Mr. Watson says that in
which Orettyagh, one of the Sachems 1701 Penn held a great Indian Coun-
in the name of the rest, Exprest a cll at Penns bury to take leave of
great Satisfaction ana Desired that them.
that law might effectually be put' in 1701-Dlfficultles Growing Out of the
Execution and not only discoursed of Use of Rum at Conestoga
as formerly it had been; they had Continue.
long suffered by the Practice but now 'I In 6 Hazard's Register, p. 11 it is
hoped for a redress, and that they set forth that the "Proprietary in-
should have reason to complain no formed the Council of the great
more. I abuses committed in trade and
Digitized by Coogle
the great dangers that might arise Is used and that at once connects
frum thnnce, nnd th" adv""4;ag",, that thes" 5rrefos"laritm w5th th5 husqm:-
might accure to the province In gen- hanna Country.
oe:"5i from It. Pro4;:mTed that gome The hTawgmge cOtfplaJtf agaltftt
measures mlgTi be concerted for the Garland for selling rum to the In-
regulation thereof, and redressing dlans on Snsquehann,," TTyg, ht:n-
the grienuncee that meneran" la- 5ver" shoken betuuu. Th:5r
boured under upon the score and complaint was made by Shemeken-
oeupnclalTm by :neam: of FrTmch"woa tf5e the Chiefr of ti:n Shuw-
men. Louis and P. Beasallon, who nese, about him bring 148 gallons of
have been suspected to be very dan- rum ;:nd makl11fos them vertf drunk,
gO%"OUS ptf:"sono 5n trmTquu with eee Col. Tx:e., tf" C3. "rtfis B::me cnm-
the Indians in this troublesome con- plaint Is noticed in a somewhat dlf-
jundure :tff"rB. Iereuf form 1n S Ha::'T:"d's
Resolved that it was absolutely glater, Po 3' and it was there decld-
necessary the said two Frenchmen nd IIlCian Harre of Cnnestopa
shm:ld conFined and rest,tfined sho::lC be nnnt "or overcome the
'from inhabiting or trading amongst evil
th" In:21nns, end "ome Wl;\y An aditkn:al :Hmcoltc Poon
should be agreed to carryon the had to deal with about Conestoga and
t,,de bd a co:"tain numbet or Com- the tX"ade ikere WIl, III lZie
palld Wil0 shm:ld toCe a11 meam.res tact ttat John Hans frequently pro-
to induce the Indians to a true va- mised Penn to meet him and help
Inn and n:steem of C11rIstIan rell" C.lm CifrIY th" lawo as to
glon by setting before them a good liquor fully, but refused to do so.
ennmpln nf pot:i::lty :md eggdOUi both in 1 tho Penna" AxoCive,: p.
in commerce and l:ezlavloor ami that US. Penn writes a letter to Joha
'Care should be taken to have them Hans and says" "Thou ha!t oftell
dula inalruct:::d in tlie iuodam:etale pro:nised visIt this Illace in order
of "Christianity. And the further treat with me about the Indiall
(lom:ideiaHon hereoT Is to Trade" but 11ast ns oftnn dh:epol11ti:d
next meeting of' tht: hoat:i. me. Thy present management there-
The Governor also acquainted the of em:"mgit us direetiy c:mtraep to
nn:at Kf:"por
i
:: W,::"O bm:ught :cur Laws" I hunt thf:iefO:::: d11.opt thY
of" nations of In- Goods intended for Lechl;\y, until
dIal:s Stnk an :::mbm:::y OUi thou come: thy:::]f aiel: glt:: further
Indians on Delaware requiring their satisfaction. n This is under date
aid and concurrence and that it was of 1701.
sm:y:ectod thnf':rened of Cana:ie had
been endeavoring to debauch the
se1::, IntItnSll"Om theIr 1.0 tho
Crown of England.
Resolved, That care should be
taden inquIl"e the nroun:iS Of
th6 sale reports-and then adjourn-
.c<L"
1701-A FaJse Story
the CO%kfuhlg :.:f the
Arises About
In Col. of ,de Penn Logan
Correspondence, p. 43 William Penn
In IettetI:rom Lenm:t:ury Jemes
Logan dated the 30th day of June,
Sl;\y' "I fm"dot mah:iial
Tde ttme IS founsl in HoI. or the last Indian instrument from the Con-
Colonial Records, p. 18. I mention estoga Indians-which I must have,
thIS b,,loUse I:ete:: Bez::TFon's namt or copp" befG:"t I aG::ner (;01.
JlLlLt J(3
.. ..
Blackinston's letter, a false story ftr- DIAN RELICS: A gentleman visit-
twn nr thrne of tileir Eng tilIn place ffrom Philadnh,hia, hlidf
people off our inciting the PITf.fata-hfs atteetion httractnll a daynl
ways from Maryland, Instead of their since, while near tbe canal basin, by-
ssshing us: GoesrklOr PllkCkls- the Slndl1lar lkppearallllkS of eartP,
wouzP not hsi!evl1 Fr.fE not, which rllkremrlied an TlIdian WT"und
therefore to send It to me with all tumuluB, such as he had before seen.
rpeed." On dfp:ptng llOTfn short Pistanell
InhLllo8 Nlllll Pis llklOL,lcionlk lllere "onfirmllld; thll
Operate Strongly with PenD-
Sh'TI%anfa.
Proud In his History of Pennsy--
IvanIa, in Vol. 1, p. 430 says that this
. tho husqpehllnnafl :klade pro-
mise with Pennsylvania that they
would not allow any stran,;e Indians
settlfl on thp west lEIde tho
Susquehanna River but would Inform
the people and help to put them ofl'
furthi'i side pf thp Ousqufshanna
OOLeT'.
The Five Nations also now show
StutlllO lovp hor PWTltsylvPUIU and
In mestP,gp to f:mmcH the
15th of September, 1701 says, "I
teF? hou good uews the
GpvernoZ' nf New YorfE't happu lssue
of his Conferences with tbe five na-
tinns or IkldlanZ', Ihat he hath not
mlldfs pel1Pp with them t11e
King's subjects of that Colony, but,
I had by some letters before de-
2.Il'td him, for of othel" gov-
ernments under the Crowns of Eng-
land, and also the nations of Indians
thopp resTledive ColoniTlt.,Tfhlch
certainlY merits
ments."
our acknowledg-
'7DTI-Ef!4Khnce23 1ff thn Grehs%' SU8-
quehann8 Living Within the
%fblmds our CTltmtys
Vlll, of IIazar,ra p.
395 it is stated that great IndIan re-
and A'flmainA' mere Tllllnd n"llA' the
Pe5uhboGlPod Columhfa aTlli that
they were probably buried there 200
pf'ars. rfEe rk'tlcle as fnllaws:
%llelln.) ,lune IN-
skeletons of three Indians were
fOUlld, llkuPPOBWl to be ,Pose a mllllf
romals llnd a hnung "hJd. beil'fE
exposed to the air, the bones, with
the exception of the teeth, and a few
thn lrsrge ilones Or rfEe mOLe, crum-
bled to dust. They were buried in
a sitting posture and had on their
Peads vemel, at spoef:
of which was carved the figure of a
human face. Between the feet of the
nne tnhsn to he th.e maIn, wel'",
found an Iron hatchet, several arrow
heads, and seven smooth stones
eearln 'ound; OLe smlili)est
about a quarter of a pound, the
others varying in regular gradation
tho lieventh, whkP weihhlld tWlI
pounds and a quarter. These stones
were supposed to indicate the num-
t,or of f:hUdTfl:l whieh the iloceasoP
had. Ootween the feet of tIle female
were found two stones of a medium
lllze thellll foued by male,
"ow long tholln remoIml haP he en de-
posited there it Is impossible to tell;
x:robahl" not KeElS then 200 nellrs.
supposed a peeat In-
dians lie burled along the banks of
tEle , but 5t Is ent often theIt
hones il:re
And In Vol. 8 of Hazard's Regis-
i.er, p, sim1pA' rempjns W?"',, foue,i
about the upighboy-hood Baln
brldgeand that article Is as follows:
"A wil?kg sinell we occo-
flion Elpealy- SOlllP Indipn Relkffl
that were discovered north the Canal
rasin this klace. 11nce then the
l:rorkmile In heetion .1'0. 1h pf IDP
Canal, about two miles this side of I old fields, on Pequea Creek, 118 a con-
Bainbridge came upon one end of an slderatlon of his services to the Pro-
()ld Indian burial ground. The bones prietor."
had so completely gone to dust that From this we see that while these
they could only be distinguished proceedingtl are dated 1718, the
from the natural soIl by a difference I lands are referred to as the Old
in color. A great many articles of Shawannah Fields where the Shaw-
use and ornament were found; ther nese liV'ed as early as 1761 and be-
were crocks, hatchets, tomahawks, fore.
arrow heads. bullets, buck-shot, thim- At the same place it is Btated that
bles, beads, pipes, etc. The pipes 300 acres should be surveyed to
are made of clay, and are spoken of Peter Chartier where his father Mar-
as being very perfect and beautiful, tin is Bettled on Susquehanna River;
with the head of a fox engraved on a waTrant was also directed to Moses
the bowl; so highly is one of them Comb at the request of his b r ~ t h ~ r
valued by the finder, that he has rein-law Peter Bazllion for 200 acres
fused to take less than five dollars among the other Burveys about Con-
for it; together with ornaments; the estoga.
beads were of different kinds, and I quote thIs simply to show that in
unlike any we had seen before. It 1701 that these Indian operations
is thought that a short distance were going on about Conestoga and
from where the excavation was made Pequea.
towards the river, the earth would l'rol-Chrlstlan InhabItants 8ft Lo-
be found to be filled with these cur-
iosfties.-COLUMBIA SPY."
HOI-Some of the Shawnese Located
at the Head of Pequea Creek.
cated Near Conestoga.
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 16 hi
one of the items of the great. treaty
of the affairs on the Susquehanna
river it is stipulated, "That all and
every of the Kings and Chiefs, and aU
and every particular under them,
shall at all times behave themselves
We have before called attention to
the location of the Old Shawana
fort near the head of Octararo some-
what towards Pequea Creek; and for
it see previous articles. I regularly and soberly accordlng to
That there was a Shawana town the laws of this Government, while
there as early as 1701 is additionaly they live near or amongst the Chris-
proved by the following sta,tements tian inhabitants thereof."
found in the Second Series of the Now as the only Indians concerned
In this treaty were the Conestogas
(Susquehanna- Minquays), the Shaw-
nese and the Ganawese, and this re-
fers to them. In warning the Chris-
tian inhabitants It seems to indicate
that there were some whites then at
this date of 171}1 in the neighborhood
of Conestoga. They were, however,
only trad-es and not regular settlers.
We shall notice that In a year or two
lat-er that there will be references to
Christian inhabitants living at and
near Conestoga.
Penna. Archives, Vol. 19, p. 625 where
it Is stated, "That the Commission-
-ers being informed that Mathias Van-
hebber from Maryland, taking with
him Henry Hollingsworth, hath late-
ly surveyed a consIderable tract of
land near the head of Pequea Creek
In this Province, including within
the same The Old r;lhawannah Town,
etc. ;-"and again it is stated" that
500 acres being granted to Col. John
rrench in or near the Shawannah
Digitized by Coogle
--
ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHA"'ffl"OCKS AND
1701-Tbe Earliest LaDds TilleD Up
by tlae Wbltes AmoDg the COD.
estogas aDd the Otber 8us.
cueiaDua IDcDau.
17O!-Earlle.t PreaebfDg (0 fbe ID-
dlaDS at CoDestOgL
We Ilave heretofore stated that
Wlllfam Penn visited the Indians Olt
tIle Susquehanna twice and from his
In Vol. 19 of the Second Serles of nature one can not doubt tIlat he-
the Penna. ArcIllves, p. 245 It Is set gave them religious IDstruction be-
forth that the land commissioners of cause this was constantly on his
Pennsylvania granted to Cornelfus mind. But the earliest preaching of
Empson and twenty others 20,000 which we have any proofs was In
acres of land on Octoraro Creek at 1102 by Rev. JODaIJ Airens who
one bushel of wheat rent pel" hun- preached that year to the Conestoga
dred acres. Then warrants were made Indians at Conestoga. Record of this
out for 15,000 acres as may be seen may be found In Vol. 30 of Penna.
page 280, to the followlng persons Magazine of History and Biography
for the fonowlng amounts, being a In a note at the bottom of page 291.
part of the above named tract:- There Is not much to be said about
Cornelius Empson, John Richards. It and it Is likely that there were
James Brown, Henry Reynolds, John only a few sermons preached; and
Bales, Edward Beeson, James Cooper, that It was not a missionary move-
RandaIl Janney, Andrew Job, John ment extending over any length of
Churchman, Ebenezer Empson, John time. A little later Thomas Chalk-
Guest, Joel Bally for :1000 acres each ley preached to the Conestogas, and
and to' Robert Dutton, Samuel Set- considerably later Count Zinzendorf,
tIer and JeSer Brown each for 500 I the last named about the year 1742.
acres; and surveyed off for W11Iiam 11
17
02-The Flrst)[ tf f.... 8
Penn's own use, 3000 acres. It Is eD OD 0 ... e U8
described as all In one tract, begln- quebanDa Road.
ning at the Northern Barrens be-j In Vol. 19 of the Second Series of
tween the main branch of Northeast the Penna. Archives, p. 303 under
River and Octoraro Creek, and I the date of 1702 it Is stated that
bounding It to the Southwards with Joseph Fisher and several other
an East and West line parallel to the land owners of Dublin Township,
Une of the Province, and r-rorthward "remonstrated that the Sasquehan-
to the barrens. nah road laid out through the said
In the same book under the same
date, 1701, page 278 it is stated that
a warrant should be made to W11Iiam
Clayton for 1000 acres of land at
Susquehanna, "with the rest there."
whoever they were.
These grants of land on the Sus-
quehanna, I believe, are the very
earliest that were made to indivi-
dualS by the 'authorities of Pennsyl-
Vania in the neighborhood of and
among the Indians of these two
Rivers.
Township Is run too much to the
Northward by which means the set-
tlements on that' side are too short
and those on the South too long."
This shows that at the early date of
1702 the Indian affaIrs on Susque-
hanna were of sufficient importance
to agitate constructing a road to
their locality. The first road which
finally did reach the Susquehanna
was begun In 1683 and reached the
river In 1714, but it was in use
before the latter date. In Nicholas
ScuU's map of 1759 connected with
Digitized by Coogle
the Penna. Archives. Dublin Town- of importance was to be done by the
ship is situated immediately North of Conestogas, advice from' the Five Na-
Philadelphia county, as it then was. tions was always necessarY before
1702-.James Logan's Earliest Visit to anyone dared to make any move.
the Conestogas. 1702-The Conestogas on a War.ute
In Vol. 1 of the Penn & Logan Cor- Expedition to the South.
respondence, p. 179 James Logan In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 70 at
says in a letter of this year written a meeting of the Council held on the
to William Penn, "I design next 17th of September, It was stated that,
. month for Conestoga, God willing, to "information having been given to
treat with the Indians there and con- this board by Sylvester Garland, an
firm them, for we have many re- Indian trader of New Castle that halt
ports about the attempts of the a dozen Indians called Tackwheetap
French to debauch all; and Indian & Posackaselt, two of them of Dela-
Harry has never since he went to the ware and the rest of Conestogoe, on
Onondagoes last year been here, but Susquehannah, who had lately re-
he solemnly promised to return this turned from the Southwards from
way." However, In turning to p. hunting, were seen at the said Cones-
179 of the same book, Logan again togoe with several parts of women's
says In 1703 in a letter to William attire, viz.: a Petticoat, White Silk
Penn, that though he had designed hood, Lace, etc., about them, and
to go to Conestoga that he put off the that upon a certain occasion Expres-
journey, waiting for Indian Harry to sed themselves as If they murdered
come back from Canada. the persons from whom they had
I cite this Item to show the efforts taken them. It was consulted what
that were constantly made by the method of Inquiry or process should
French to get the Pennsylvania In- be taken with ye said Indians, see-
dlans over to them. We remember ing they were by their Several Treat-
that In the early years, the Jesuit ies obliged to be answerable to the
Father had verY many meetings with English for what Injuries or out-
our Susquehannocks, and as Queen rages they should commit against
Ann's War was now approaching it them, and it was Resolved, that a
was considered a great point to get Message with an Interpreter was
these Pennsylvania Indians dlsaffect- necessarY in the first place to be
ed from the English. sent, but there being no interpreter of
1702-Indian Harry at Phlladel hI&. that language to be found who could
p I be depended on for such a service
This year as is told us in Vol. 1 of i tm Harry, the Indian should return,
the Penn & Logan correspondence,j who was gone to the Onondagoes
p. 125, Indian Harry was In Phlladel- and every day expected back again:
phla about the end of July but that It was further resolved, the whole
he went on to the Onondagoes to should be deferred until the said
bring advice from them how matters Harry's return, upon which a full In-
stood concerning the Conestoga In- quiry should be made, and ye treaty
dian affairs. We, of course remem- with the ye Conestogoe Indians re-
ber that the Conestogas and all the newed and strengthened In:ve
Indians along the Susquehanna were! meantime it is expected that ye GO'v-
tenants,and In a manner slaves of the I ernor of Maryland, who seems ear-
Five Nations and whenever anything lier concerned and has earlier infor-
Digitized by Coogle
mation, will make inquiry also."- I also. The letter goes on to say that
This article sumciently explains it- Grimth Owen who was with Penn at
self and I need add nothing of an Susquehanna know the place. The
explanatory character to it. letter then says that Logan approves
l7Ot-The Freneb )[ake Peaee With of Penn's inclination to have settle-
the Iroquois.
In Vol. 1 of the Penn &: Logan
Correspondence, p. 88 it is stated in
a letter from James Logan to Wil-
liam Penn, that "in the Monthly Mer-
cury for January there is under the
head of "France" a passage, which if
true would be of bad consequence to
us, viz.: that the Government of
Canada has made a peace with the
Iroquois, which will oblige the great-
er care in what has been said. Al-
ments on Chesapeake to trade be-
tween Pennsylvania.
This I cite simply to show the im-
portance of our Indians living up in
this country because they had a cer- .
taln bearing upon the settlements in
that locality.
l702-Conestoga Indians HaTe Ceas-
ed Tbelr Visits to Pblladelphla.
In Vol. 1 of the Penn &: Logan
Correspondence, pp. 148 and 149, un-
der the date of 1702 It is stated that
bany, by it, seems ruined; and we
Indian Harry is still with the Onon-
shall be greatly exposed when that
barrier of the Five Nations is remov- dagoes but promises to stop on his
ed." return, he did not do so. This
I cite this because whatever the caused fear on the part of the whites
IrOquois did affected the Conestogas and they found that he was return-
and as the Iroquois broke their alle- ed home to Conestoga two months
glance with the English and made a ago but that the Conestoga Indians
treaty of peace with the French of are quiet, however, that they "for
Canada, then the Conestogas were this last year have seldom come near
compelled to choose whether they us; some of them are uneasy and
would obey their masters the Iro- threaten to disturb the remote set-
quois, or defy them and keep their tlers of land: such as the New Ger-
peace with the English. We may add I man tract, which they clamor is not
here that they never broke their purchased."
agreements with the English. The Importance of this topic lies
In the fact that here under the date
1702-Penn Wanis Settlements on of 1702 is a "New German Tract"
the Susquehanna and Chesapeake. spoken of somewhere near the neigh-
In a letter written by James Logan borhood of the Conestoga Indians.
to William Penn in 1702, it is stated In I This is fully five years and may be
Vol. 1 of the Penn &: Logan Corres- seven years before the settlements
pondence,. p. 122, that a settlement I began either in the Pequea or Cones-
on the navigable part of the North- toga Valleys, and the "New German
east river is to be made and that It Tract" likely refers to bargains
was to be located half way between which Penn was making in England
New Castle and Conestoga, and the with German People indicating to
letter sets forth that another point in them in a gneral way where their
favor of the settlement is, that it is I lands would be. Another noticeable
a convenient stage from the lower I thing in this item is the apparent
parts to Susquehanna . whicb would doubt which the Conestogas enter-
much encourage a settlement of that tained as to what they should do.
Digitized by Coogle
Indian Harry had no doubt brought
home from Canada the news that the
Five Nations were thinking of joining
the French, and his suspicious ac-
tion In not stopping on his way back
but going directly to Conestoga
would confirm that there was some
treachery on foot between the Five
Nations and the Conestogas toward
the Engllsh and the Conestogas seem
to be on the verge of breaking faith.
However, we will see later that all
turned out well.
As to this German tract, it may be
that the 20000 acres granted in 1701
to Cornelius Empsom near Octoraro
Is what is referred to. See a former
item on this.
1702 - Thomas Chalkley Journeys
Through the In-
dian Country.
estoga, yet others had come in
since; and these were the pioneer
whites In Conestoga.Rupp also says
at p. 45, quoting the Colonial Rec.,
whlclr we have also quoted in a for-
mer item, that Martin Chartier had
long lived among the Shawana In-
dians.
170S-The French Again Trying to
Wean the Conestoga Indians
From the English.
In Vol. 1 of the Penn & Logan
Correspondence p. 227 James Logan
on the 2nd of September of that year
writes a letter to William Penn in
which he says, "Indian tIarry of Con-
estoga Is now here and acquaints us
with the great endeavors of the
French, but I have not fully dis-
coursed with him." The letter also
states that French are settling
In Thomas Chalkley's works, a among the l<""lve Nations and are at
book which we have referred to her- I peace with them; and have emissar-
tofore, pp. 38-39 he tells of his jour-lies all -about us. This is sufficient to
ney In this neighborhood and among show that the French were trying to
- the Indians thereof; but I am not able get the good-w1l1 of the Five Nations
to say positively that he did com- and of course the Five Nations abso-
municate with the Conestogas on this lutely controlled the Conestoga . In-
trip. We will find definite informa- dlans.
tion about his later missionary 11703 _ Letort and BezaUon Again
journeys among the Susquehannas Held In
and Conestogas. Bonds.
170S-Louls Mitchell or Michelle,
Martin Chartier and Others Live
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 100
the following roport is made of a
Council held at Philadelphia the 17th
at Conestoga With the In- of August this year, as follows:-
dlans. "James Letort who about two
In Rupp's history of Lancaster _ years agoe went out of this Province
County, p. 63 he says that in the I'to Canada, and returned last spring,
year of 1703 the Canton of Bern In having been upon hls return exam-
Switzerland sent Louis Mitchell to ined before several of the Council
look for vacant lands in Pennsyl- and magistrates, and no great occa-
vania. Martin Chartier is also de- slon found to support him of any
scribed as carrying messages from evil designs against this Government,
Philadelphia to the Shawnas at Pe- he having been bred in it since his
quea near Conestoga, where he had infancy, had hitherto behaved himself
a trading station. On p. 64 Rupp linoflensivelY and was seduced to de-
says, though Mitchell was the person I part in time of peace by the Instiga-
who first lead the rest there to Con- tion of some others, without any evil
Digitized by Coogle

173 ANNALS OF THE SU SQUEHANNOCKS AND
intentions that could be made appear l110n to be at large, as he is a dan-
in himself and being now In town, gerous man against the Engl1sh.
together with Peter Bezal10n another 170S-Randall Janney to be Sent to
Susquehanna.
In Vol. 1 of the book last above
quoted, p. 214, WllUam Penn writes
a letter to Logan which begins at
page 211, saying that he recommends
Janney about the Susquehanna pur-
chase; and that Logan shall use him
kindly. His purpose there was to
look after the Intended New County
Frenchman and Indian Trader, it
was Judged necessary to call . them
both before the Councll, and for fur-
ther satisfaction to take security of
them for their behavior towards the
Government, accordingly they were
sent for and obliged each to give Se-
curity In five hundred pounds Ster-
ling, that they should behave them-
selves as good subjects of the Queen
and of this Government and hold no and also to keep tally on Indian
, Ings
do-
correspondence whatsoever with ye .
enemy, but /tot all times during ye 11703-Penn Desires TobaeCI) and In-
Warr make best discoveries they I dian Products to be Shipped
could do all designs that should come Down the Chesapeake.
to their knowledge against this Gov-
In the same Vol. last cited, p. 180
ernment, "or any others of the Queens It Is stated that a ship to carry 7 or
Subjects. In this article we plaln- 800 hogsheads of tobacco down the
ly see how constantly the ellorts I Chesapeake is about being built and
were going on about Conestoga to [that the costs. of It may not exceed
get our Indians turned against the, 3000 pounds, If built at best hand;
English. and the cables and rigging may be
1703 - James Logan's Intended Trip had from England.
to the Conestoga Indians. 1708 - The Settlement at Octoraro
In a letter to Wllliam Penn dated Trades With the Indians.
the 13th of March, 1703, and found In the same Vol. last quoted, p.203
In Vol. 1 of the Penn & Logan Cor- In a letter by Isaac Norris to Jona-
respondence, p. 79, James Logan I than Dickinson, he speakes of the
says, "I design next month for Con- I fact that the settlement of lands at
estoga, God willing, to treat with the I the head of the Northeast river or
Indians there and confirm them for Octoraro gives value to our SUl!lque-
we have many fiylng reports about hanna lands, and that our Susque-
the attempts of the French to de- hanna country, considering the time
bauch all; and Indian Harry has of the year Is very healthy. It may
never been here since he went to the be collected from the letter as a
Onondagoes last year, though he whole that some trading is being
solemnly promised to return this conducted by the Indians with these
way." But it appears In the same parts.
book, pp. 197-198 that Logan never 170S-A Number of Indians Remove
made this trip.
1703-BazlUon Again Suspected.
In Vol. 1 of the Penn & Logan Cor-
respondence, p. 224 in a letter from
James Logan to William Penn, Logan
states that it is not safe to let Baza-
from Conestoga.
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 131 in
the proceedings of a Council held the
beginning of the year of 1704 there
is an item which indicates that a
number of Indians about the end of
Digitized by Coogle
the year 1703 left at Conestoga. The
article states that Martin Chartier
who long lived upon the Susque-
hannna was examined in relation to
himself, the Indians, "and those that
had lately left Conestoga. And there
not being sufficient occasion to put
him alU" further trouble, he was dis-
missed."
This is the only thing that I can
:find on the subject. I can not tell
who or what tribe of Indians are re-
ferred to or whether a large or small
number left Conestoga. It does not
refer to the Shawnese because they
did not leave until quite some time
later than 1703. But this is enough
to indicate to us that certain bodies
of these Indians were in the habit of
shifting their homes.
1708 - Whites Among the Indians at
Conestoga.
It seems as early as 1703 there
were some whites among the Con-
estoga and other Indians about Sus-
quehanna, not to settle there but to
dians had come down and cut off
the two families of neighbor Indians
at Conestoga, and that they were all
there under great apprehensions of
further mischief from them, and were
preparing to demand succor of the
government in case the disorders
should be continued.
The subject mentioned in the let-
ter, was considered in council,
March 22; and it was resolved that
messengers be forthwith despatched
to Conestogoe, by way of New Castle,
to know the truth of the information.
the relation. as it appeared, being
somewhat suspicious." This item
needs no further explanation.
1704-RDJlWl'8 of a Plot to Carr, Off
the Sbwnese.
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 145.
the Counell heard that the Shawnese
were about to be carried away by
some strange Indians and they sent
for Peter Bezalion to be Jnformed of
the fact. The minutes of Councll .on
this subject are as follows: Peter
Bezalion ye French Trader, coming
to town and being sent for informed
trade with them. Rupp at p. 39 has ye Board That he had heard that
brie1ly stated the history on this those of the five nations who intend'"
point and he says as fOllOWS:-! ed shortly down this way, had a de-
"Though no actual settlements had slgn of carrying off the Shawnese In-
been made prior to 1708, or 1709, in diana, both settled near Conestogoe.
Lancaster County, a few whites had and those near Lechay, (now Eas-
their abodes among the Indians on ton), were their enemies; which
the Susquehanna. - These were In- being fully considered, it was resol-
dian Traders, viz.: Joseph Jessop, ved that it would be necessary to
James LeTort, Peter BezaUon. Mar- send an Embassy as well in behalf
tin Chartier, all Indians. and upon of our friends and allies, as the
the Susquehanna' and one Mitchel a Shawnese are as of ourselves, and
, , that all the belts of wampum be
Swiss. Nicole Godin, an active procured and sent up that were col-
young fellow, but rather a sneak, and lected among the
one Francois. These, however, had agoe for that purpose." No parti-
cular comment is necessary on this
no license to trade among and with item as it explains itself.
the Indians.
170& -Indian Hal'l'f's Brother Re-
lt appears from a French letter
from Madame Letort, the French pol1B the Doings of the Five
woman at Conestoga. directed to Ed-
Nations.
mund Farmer, bearing date 15th of In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 155,
March, 1703-4, that the Towittois In- at a Councn held on the 9th of Aug.
Digitized by Coogle

this year it Is reported that, "In- 40, In revenge, were lately come aDd
dian Harry'. brother, late of Cones- had set upon BOme of those Potow-
togoe, being arrived In town from the mock, but they taking to their fast-
five nations, was examined with ness and being secured, ye others de-
James Le Tort and Peter Bizallllon, clared to them that they (of Caro-
concerning those of the said five na- Una), had been' for many years at-
tions, that have been so long expect- tacked and Injured by some Indians
here; and Peter Bizallllon was or- from ye Northwest, whom they had
ordered to attend again, about five, always hitherto taken to ~ e those of
o'clock In the afternoon." Canada, but now found who they
In this there Is exhibited the further were, viz: 1'e Senecars and those of
movements and difllcultles which the Potomock and Conestogoe, and that
English had at all times to keep the they were resolved to be revenged.
Five Nations faithful. and that the three nations bad joln-
17M-The Clalefs of the Fhe Nations ed and would shortly come up and
either destroy or be destroyed by
Came to Philadelphia to Make
them.
a Treaty. That upon this Information, ye as-
In the same book just cited, p. 158 sembly thanked the Governor for his
It appears at a Councll held on the care in sending them an account of it
28th of August this year that, "Kag- and upon hearing there were two In-
undanoyagh one of the Chiefs of the I dians sent from some of ye five na-
Onondagoes, with 7 or 8 others of ye tions to this Government, on a mes-
chiefs of Y. Five Nations. being come sage, requested that ye Governor
down to PhUadelphla in order to hold I would be pleased to examine ye said
a treaty to settle a correspondence Indians to night, by Ja. Le Tort for
with this Government. They were I an Interpreter, and that the saId
called before the Councn, the Lieu- Nicole should be for to night, and ye
tenant Governor beiDg by reason of I said Indians be examined with him
sickness unable to attend." tomorrow."
1704-Nlcole Godin AboTe Conestoga 1704-SusplclouB A.ctions of Nicholas
Reports Indian Depredations Gateau.
In that Neighborhood. At a council held the 15th of May,
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 138 1704 the following report was made
we have the following information, concerning Gateau who was an In-
which concerns not only the Senecas dian trader and operated among the
but the Indians from Potomac and Conestogas and other Indians living
'Conestoga. The report of the pro- on Susquehanna. The report is found
ceedlngs is as follows: "Edward Far- in Vol. 2 of Col. Rec., p.131 and Is as
mer, acquainted ye Governor that follows: "A petition from Nicholas
according to this order, he had In- Gateau, the French cook, of this town
formed ye Assembly of what he had was read, shewing that when the ad-
heard from the Trader Nicole Godin, ministration of the Government was
in the CounCil, he had preferred a
viz.: That upon ye return of ye Caro- petition praying that according to
ollna Indians, who was taken (as we the Laws of this Government he
said) by some of ye five nations last might be naturalized In this Pro-
year, and after escape went home- vince and Territories; that his said
I
Petition had been granted and an In-
wards through this province, some of strument prepared, but that by the
ye Carolina Indians, to ye number of Governor's. happy arrival the Execu-
Digitized by Coogle
tlon of It was prevented, and there-
fore humbly prays that the Governor
'Wt)uld continue the same unto him
and that he might be natural1zed. '
I have thought these two Items
might be of Interest In this connec-
tion as that would show the condition
In the bleak winter around Conesto-
ga at the time when the only houses
In It were Indian huts or wigwams.
1704 - Strange IndIaDs Kill Several
FlLDlllles of Conestogas.
Ordered, that the said Nicholas Ga-
teau, upon his taking the requi-
site oaths, (viz. : ) lI.del1ty to the
Queen, the abjuration of the Pope's
Supremacy, and lI.del1ty to the Pro.
prletary, be naturallzed, and an In-
strument prepared for It according to
Law."
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec . p. 121 .
there Is set forth a report made be-
fore Counell of Information which
1704-Suffering of the Conestoga In- Madame Ann Letort, the French-
diana In the Wlnttlr of 1704. woman at Conestoga gave concern-
In Vol. 1 of the Penn &; Logan Cor- Ing the slaughter of Indians there;
respondence, p. 359, It is set forth in and It Is as follows: UA French let-
a letter from Isaac Norris to Daniel ter from ADn Letort, the French
Zachary that the winter was very se- woman at Conestogoe, directed to
vere. The letter Is as follows:-uAs Edward Farmer, bearing date of the
the longest English llver has never 15th Instant, being brought to the
known such a winter as this for the Governor, iDforming that ye Towlt-
abundance of snow so we have never tols Indians had come down and cut
had such a vacation. All avenues off two familles of neighbor Indians
were stopped and travellng wholly at Conestogoe, and that they were all
impeded till just now. The post has there under .great apprehensions of
not been here these six weeks, which further mischief from them, and
makes the pass on very melan-I preparing to demand succor of
ehoIy, and the more particularly for thlS Government In case the dlsor-
the want of hearing from you as us- I ders should continue. The Governor
ual. This makes me assured It will i laid the said letter before the Board
be as welcome to thee to hear thy I to be considered how far the said In-
11ttle boy 'Is well, and our tamlly,wlth formation ought to be regarded, and
friends generally. Our river has been would be judged necessary to be done
f t th I
therein.
Ils ese s x weeks, and people go
and come with carts, sleds, horses, Resolved that some messenger or
etc., as on land. Dutch sleds are messengers be forthwith despatched
mightily In fashion here this winter." away to Conestogoe, by way of New
On the following page of the same Castle, to know ye true grounds of
book, Isaac Norris writes a letter to the said Informatlon, ye Relation as
John Askew on the same subject. It now appears being somewhat sus-
which Is as follows: U We have had piclous. This is the same incident
the deepest snow this winter that has I quoted from Rupp In a prior Item It
been known, (by the longest Engl1Bh Is repeated here because the records
llver here;) no travel1ng, all avenues I of Counell are here In full.
shut; the post has not gone these 1704 - Gateau Complains Against
six weeks. The river stlll fast; Godyn at Susquehanna
. people bring loads over It, as they In a minute of Council, p. 181 of
did years ago when thou wast Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., It Is set forth
here, many creatures Uke to perish." that Nicholas Gateau exhibited a
Digitized by Coogle
...
ITT ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS" AND
complaint that sundry goods were I pan ius Holm and AcreUus that the
taken from him, some by Nicb. Godyn ,route taken by the ancient Susque-
at Sasquehannah; and others were in : hannocks and the Swedes who were
possession of William Slooby and he: settled in the neighborhood of what is
begs tbat justice be done him. j now Wllmington, led across the \
i country by the way of New Castle to
1704A, Report fIlat Chartier .. Twe, Susquehanna river and then up the
Other Freneh Indian Trader. are I river to the Indian Town. The Item
Abont to LeaTe S.... 'this road by the way of New Castle
f[1IelulIrna..
In the Vol. last cited, p. 182 It was
reported to Counell that Cbartler and
other French traders were acting
suspiciously about Susquehanna and
on this information that they were
about to depart out of the Govern-
ment. It was ordered that the Sher-
Iff of New Castle, being nearest to
their abode take it Into cbarge and
be diligent to observe the motions
and designs, and if be finds any
grounds, he shall arrest and secure
Chartier and his accomplices. This
(tem is important (n connection with
our Indian on SusquehjLnna because
It locates the group of these French
traders definitely at this time that are
said (n the item to live on Susque-
hanna, and It is further pointed out
that the Sheriff of New Castle Is clos-
est to them. This shows that they
were living on the lower Susquehanna
perhaps below Columbia at this time.
Their dealings with our Indians were
extensive and intimate.
1704 - The Old Indian and Swedish
Road Stfl} In Use to Sns-
quehannR.
In an item found page 122 of Vol.
2 of the Col. Rec., which we have
heretofore quoted it Is stated that
Council resolved to send messengers
to Conestoga by way of New Castle.
I here simply recall our attention to
the fact that as early as 1646 there
was evidence which we found in Cam-
"e DOW quote seems to iDdicate that
was still a favorite one between the
Lower Delaware Settlements and the
Susquehanna Country.
170t-The Great HUI Trade with the
ConeBtoga Indians Continne&.
At a Council wbich was beld tbe
9th day of May, 1704, a member of tbe
Board Informed that body of tbe
great abuses committed by carrying
rum from New Castle to Conestoga.
In this Item we see that the rum
trade still continues there In great
force.
In addition to what we have just
said it is set forth in the same Book.
p. 141 that Ortyiagb; the Chief of the
Conestoga Indians made a complaint
through Edward Farmer that he
should "complain to the Governor of
the great quantity of rum continually
brought to their town 'lnsomuch
that they are ruined by It and having
nothing left but have laid out all,
even their clothes for rum; and may
now, when threatened with war be
surprised by their enemies when be-
sides themselves with drInk and
thereby be utterly destroyed."
1704 - Letony the Indian Trader of
Conestoga, In JaiL
On page 163 of Vol. 2 of the Col.
Rec., "A petition from James Letort
a prisoner in the Common Gaol of
Philadelphia, was read setting forth
that he had always been faithful and
bore true allegiance to the Crown of
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LAIIlCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 178
England, and was ready to give such dians of that place with him would
further security as should be thought appear and engage they should be-
reasonable, yet was abridged of his have themselves well and dutyfull to
Liberty and detained a prisoner, and this Government,"
praying for relief therein; it is order-I It will be observed here that these
ed to be further considered, and then Indians came into Pennsylvania
adjourned," I from the South in the year of 1700,
On the 31st of October this petition I but they settled on the extreme low-
of James Letort was considered, and' er boundary about the head branches
as it is set forth on page 170 of the of the Potomac; and they now mov-
last named book, "it was ordered that ed to Conestoga, I can not find
unless the said Letort can give suf- whether they entered into the Cones-
ficient security for his good behavior toga tribe and became a new element
in the sum of 1000 Pounds, to be pro-
I
in its already conglomerated consti-
duced at the next setting of the tution or kept their separate tribal
Council, he still be detained as a manners and lived separate, They
prisoner," 1 were reduced to a very small number
170
Th G C t th and may have formed a little group
i) - e anawese ome 0 e by themselves, '
Susquehanua Country. 170S-The Conestogas Fear that the
At a Councll held the 11th of May,
1705 as is reported in Vol. 2 of the I Marylanders are Going to Ex-
Col. Rec" p, 191, "Manangy, the In-I terminate Them.
dian Chief of Schuylkill came to wait In the book and at the page' last
on the Governor in behalf of the I mentioned it is stated, "Two Indians
Ganawese or Piscataway Indians, I from Conestogae also waited on the
settled in this Province near the Governor, informing him that they
head of Polomock, being now reduc- had been alarmed by the people of
ed by sickness to a small number. Maryland, and were told that they
and desirous to quitt their present I had design to come and take or cut
habitation, (where they settled five them off, upon account of an injury
years ago), with the Proprietor's, o n ~ to some of that Province by
consent the Conestogoe Indians then I some of the five nations, of which
becoming Guarantees of a Treaty of they were wholly innocent, and
Friendship made between them, and therefore desired this Government's
shewing a belt of Wampum, they I protection, that as they have behaved
had sent to the Schuylkill Indians to themselves well and peacably, they
engage their. friendship and Consent, I might still continue to Uve in quiet-
that they may be permitted to settle ness and unmolested,
in the said place, which if he pleased The Governor assured them, that if
to agree to, they will come and wait they were clear of the violences done
on him themselves with a suitable lately upon the family of the English
in Maryland, and would not Espouse
present.
The Governor gave them a kind in-
vitation. by the said Menangy, to
come and settle as near us as they
the Cause of or shelter any who
should committ any injuries against
the Queen's subjects, they should al-
ways be protected,"
should think fitt, provided they would This item discloses to us that
take care and live peaceably, and I these small tribes about the Susque-
that the said Manangy, and ye In- I hanna were again undergoing the
Digitized by Coogle
179 'ANNALS OF THE SU SQUEUANNOCKS AND
dangerous experiences which their
ancestors the old Susquehannocks
had undergone two generations be-
fore:-that Is, the five nations com-
mitted depredations in Maryland and
blamed It upon the Conestogas. We
remember that 1675 before the Five
Nations had conquered the Susque-
hannocks those Indians of the Five
Nations used to commit murders In
Maryland and blame It on the Sus-
quehannocks and It was this sad cir-
cumstance that brought Major Tru-
man and Colonel Washington to
slaughter the five Susquehannock
chiefs and take the first steps In the
extermination of the Susquehannock
Nation.
170O--James Logan Holds the First
Treaty at Conestoga Since
Penn's Last VlslL
under the date of the 6th of June,
1706 James gave an account of the
treaty which he had held at Cones-
toga In October, 1705. The reason
that he did not report It before was
that he wanted to make the report In
the presence of the Indians with
whom he had held the treaty; and
on this day the Chiefs of the CQnes-
togas, Shawnese and Ganawese on
Susquehanna had come to town
(Philadelphia) to confer about pub-
lic affairs and had brought Indian
Harry with them as Interpreter, and
were now present In the council
chamber. This report to Council of
the treaty he made with them In 1705
was made In their presence so that
they could object If he reported any
part of It wrongly, and It served the
further purpose of fully Informing
them that the treaty which had been
made In the far away woods along
the Conestoga would reach the
authorities at Phlladelphia In fact
and in truth. The report which
Logan gave on what happened at
Conestoga is set forth as follows:
"The Secretary not having done It
In Council before, gave the Board an
account of the message to the said
Indians, In October last, undertaken
by order of Council, upon the re-
peated reports we had of great un-
easiness among the indians, by rea-
son of the Ganawese, who had fied \
from Maryland, as follows, viz:
That In Company of some persons
from Chester, viz.: the Sheriff and
Clark of that County, and the Sher-
Iff of New Castle, Hercules Coutts,
Hermannus Alrlcks, with Edward
Shippen, Junr., and others being ten
In number, he carried thither some
English goods for a present and at
Conestoga as the Chief place he first
treated with them, telllng them, (ac-
cording to the minutes then taken),
that he was come from the Governor
of Pennsylvania, who had always
been a friend to all the Indians
within the bounds of It. That Gov-
ernor Wllllam Penn, since he first
came Into this countrey, with all
those under him, had always Inviol-
ably maintained a perfect friendship
with all the natives of the Countrey,
that he possessed of It at his first ar-
rival.
That when he was last In the
Countrey he visited those of that
place and his son upon his arrival
did the same, In order to CUltivate the
ancient friendship between them,
that he and his posterity might, after
his father's example maintain peace
and' a good understanding with them
and their heirs.
That the Governor, who now Is at
Philadelphia, Is sent over to them by
G()vernor Penn In his stead, would
have come also and seen them, but
other business obstructed, he Intend-
ed It however as soon as possible he
could with conveniency.
That he, (the Secretary) with that
Company were now come, not to
Digitized by Coogle
make any new treaty with them, for! themselves In arms In all these
that he hoped would be needless, I parts and mustering. The reason of
those that have been already made I this was the war with the French,
being In full force and sufficiently 1 and was designed rather to help
strong, but to enquire of them, as our than to hurt them, but as they and
brethren, how matters stood with I we are brethren each must be assls-
them, whether anything had' happen-I tant to the other, and therefore the
ed among them, and whether all' English took up arms to defend
things were well with them In this themselves, and the Indians also
time of open war, of which we de- against both their enemies.
sired a full account of them. That notwithstanding they ought
That Governor Penn had often em- all as far as possible to avoid war,
ployed his thoughts how to prevent for peace was most desirable, and
any affronts or Injuries of any kind war must be only for defence.
being put upon them, and how they That we were also informed some
might the most advantageously be I of the Maryland Indians then among
furnished with what they wanted I them had differed with the English
from the EngUsh. there, and were afraid to return or
That notwithstanding all his care come among the English of that
things had not been so well managed Government. If so' they might then
as desired, but that now we were re- continue among us till matters were
solved to fall upon measures, more fully settled, that our Governor
effectually to put In practice. what would treat with the Governor of
had been so much wished for in vain. Maryland in their favour, but they
That the Assembly of Pennsylvania must not quarrel with any of the
which Is the great Council, was now subjects of England, for we are all
about to sit at Philadelphia to make under one Crown and are as one
necessary laws for the good of the people.
pubUck, that in order to have some. That these Indians then called the
good law made, also for their advan- Piscataway Indians about five years
tage, were desired three or four ago when they came to settle within
of their Chiefs and wisest men to this Government came to Phlladel-
Philadelphia, to agree on such I phia in company with those of Con-
things as would be most proper to be I estoga and the Shawanois, who en-
past into laws for that purpose. I gaged to our government for their
That he was not willing to Insist peaceable deportment and,. behavior
on any further particulars at this amongst us that hitherto they had
time, upon the various reports that behaved accordingly, and we hoped
had been spread In the Countrey con- that would continue so to do.
cerning them, which principally oc- After which he summoned up his
casioned their visit, referring till discourses and desired them to re-
they should meet at Philadelphla,only member well what he had sald and
he would mention two things of great give him an answer at next meeting
importance at the present time, and to-morrow. The Secretary further
which he must lay before them: informed the Board that the next day
First, that they should take great Sitting again in Council their
care of giving ear to Malicious Re- Chiefs at Conestogoe, they made an-
ports, spread and carried by ill men, swer: .
for that we heard they had been ai-I That in Consideration of our Visit,
armed at the Christians putting though they were very poor, they
Digitized by Coogle
...
ANNALS OF OnE STT SQUTTiIANNOCKO ANn
)Jresented us with some skins. That' being sold to the best advant51ge
eeuld not possHtle come amounted to 6 Fouodt ansi no more.
Philadelphia so soon as desired, I Then he lett them all In a very good
now loto In the ... p :used und .::
nprlng They will cor::p In ,ed with the message, and exceedlng-
That they did not understand what Iy disposed. That h:s with the Cum-
mo::nt by m r:s,sortss whl:r, beinp ,pann hasi madn jommey nmonn the
further explained to them, they an- Ganawese, settled some miles ;bove
swered, the Gannmese) s thnt Coorrutogn:, at plueu called Cn51ne-
TOme the p :rglnxrms mo:rh ! jahera, HOOle the fort,and had confer-
turbedthem, killed one of their men ences with them, whh:h sook::ed
nnd ar)uued eevere,l othol'e, that belnp I wllnlly comnnse th:,lo nHnre-
uneasle they thought It not safe to hid th t h h t
continue there, and we:e nom cOme ons, an e a reason 0
, "h h .. ". th h ... "'," beHeee left mese Tyree natluu: In
me er m e77U ey OpU:] thuy mlgn: a perfect good understanding with
that on their sides us, of which he thouuht It neC::77::ar
weatee::r warr reported theo mean:, mumr par:lculo:'IY ac:malnr
but peace aud I Board at this time, pre-
WhiCh he answered that theo 77houlu sent conioren::r would In 770me r777,ea-
to f:-:: matters n;! I sure be that
'tl' Ith ... M The s"I,: ::dng ::ond:.:.: the
;;e Gorrrnor urdered tdo In:or'pretor to
be kind to them and ther should n:rt , the said Indians that he
mont. Theo pro:eeede:? to =nsw
7
,S' I fUrid detildned se:rn them at
that th k
t f" their own town before this time, but
ey new no 0 any rep or s ,s" .
I
That he further added that he un- 'continued his resolution by the first
:l:rstom3. Jndn H::nS W:iff bulldlng i con:enl:ot opportunlt:, In the enean
log house for trade amongst them, i time he was glad to see them all
wdich mad: une:i:le, de,:ired herr, anel desl:':d th:y e:rnuld pro-
hnow whethrrr th::h en:orrrageh it. '&'0 ceph to LArlorm him whut the'LA had
which they answered that they did new or what had occurred to their
not, wer:: d:,tlred not sufie,r notl:e.
any Christians to settle amongst Upon which Andaggyjunguagh, the
telem erithou: the Govnmor'r leavo, Chlof of Coneetogoe, laid heforT, the
CLAey edded that f:ey :leslred us to
trade with them and for the present
tr ,,:: thom, fot it was ne,ry
with them. The Secretary further
added that e,mong the LALAaw:m%s, wlth
whom the!:' chief abode was, h.e had
also held a treaty to the same pur-
rmse with COI10::tOgoo: am?
received very near the same answers;
that he' had made them pr:::e,nts
htroudwater and Indian Jewels to the
value of nearly 20 Pounds and had
nrcei:r:d sow: sklns In return,whld:
Governor, a very large Wampum belt
of 21 rows, with three hands
wmught ln it ln hi",ck, (the resL
white) which belt, he sald,was pledge
of pea:h formerlh delivered the
Onondagoe Indlans, one Of the7:lve
Nations to the Nantlkokes, when
th:'y m:rde thy' said Nani.:koltcy
utarles; that the Nantlkokes being
lai.ely under :mme 71llprelle,nsinns Of
danger from the Five Nations, some
of them had this spring come up to
COkrestollo:' :md knmght thle belt
JlLlLt J(3
with them, and that they had another I Whoe'er thou art with tender Heart
of the same also at Conestogoe, to Stop, Read and Think on me
show to those of the Five Nations I I once was well as now thou art,
that 'Were expected shortly to come I As now I am so shalt thou be."
down to receive tbe Nantikokes tri- I 170li-A. Law to Further Protect the
bute; tbat they brought this belt I Indians from Frauds and
thither, that we might also shew it Insults.
to those of the Five Nations who
might come down this way, that they In Vol. 2 of the Col Ree., p. 213 it
might see they had made peace, and is set forth that the Assembly have
that we are at peace with our forwarded to the Councll a bill en-
neghboring IndiQ.D.s. Much time was' tltled, "An Act for Better Improving
spent in discoursing this, as also in Correspondence With the In-
dians." One object of the Act was to
conferring which the Shawonois,who Umlt the amount they could spend
owned themselves under some misap- ! for Indian treatles. At page 216 it is
prehensions from the Five I set forth that the Governor and
and then adjourned till morning. I Council thought the sum of 50,
The report of this treaty is so full pounds was too small for Indian
that we need add nothing to it by treatles for one year, but the As-
way of comment.
This last item again shows us the sembly would not agree to a larger
location of Susquehanna Fort at this amount. The act was finally passed
tl the 12 of January, 1706 and may be
me. found in Vol 2.of the Statutes at
170i)..-Location 01 Susquehanna Fort large p. 279. The assembly won its
at This Time. Balallon and Two point in this Act because it provides
Conestoga Indians Attend that no more than 50 pounds may be
CounciL spent yearly.
p. 186 it was ordered on the 23rd of
May, 1705 that notice shall be given
to the two Indians from Conestoga
and to Peter BezaUon to attend to-
morrow morning at 9 o'clock. It was
at this meeting that the Conestogas
gave the news to Council that theY;
were afraid of the Maryland authori-
ties; and what they said and did has
already been stated so that it need
not be repeated.
As to Peter Bezalion it might be
important here to state that he Is
burled in the church yard of the St.
John's Episcopal church at Compqs,
just over the Lancaster County Une
from Waterloo in Salisbury town-
ship on the head branches of the
Pequea Creek. The inscription on
bis tombstone is as follows:
"In Memory of
Peter Bezellion
wbo departed this life
July 18th, 1742
Aged 80 years.
170;;........James Logan's Letter to Penn
88 HIs Conestoga Trip.
In Vol. 2 of the Penn & Logan
Correspondence, p. 83 is to be found
a letter written by J,.ogan to William
Penn the 9th of October, 1705, in
whicb he says In part, "I have for
several weeks past upon various
business been obliged to be from
bome, a journey to Conestogoe, in
order to compose some misunder-
standings apprehended to arise
among there and some other neigh-
boring Indians, as the Shawanois
and Ganawois lately settled near
them, being fled from Maryland, took
me up about 10 days." This is about
aU he says to William Penn on the
subject but the proceedings in full
are found in the Colonial Records, as
we have above stated.
Digitized by Coogle
1708 - Conestogas, Shawnese aneI i this 7th cf June, 1706 the Governor
Ganawese go to Philadelphia I caused the late law tor improving II
0. Bulnas... better Correspondence with the In-
If ane bad been in the Council: dlans to be read and explained to
Chamber on the 6th of June. 1706' those that had come down from Con-
they would have found there a large; estoga. "They were acquainted upon
company of Indians from the Sus- it, that this Government took all
quehanna, who came down to confer! possible care to have all matters re-
on public business. We have refer- laUng to them regulated to the best
red to tbis before showing that James advantage, that now they bad made IE
Logan took advantage of their pre- law to prevent any Injuries to them
sence to explain to the Council In the from the Christians, and laying great-
presence of the Indians the treaty be er punishments on those that should
had made at Conestoga in October, commit them, than if they were done
1705. But this visit by tbese Indians to the English themselves. That we
was made by them for other pur- had also enacted In that law, that no
poses. We remember that the Con- person should trade with them, but
estoga Cbiefs laid before the Gover- such as should 11rst have a license
nor a. ,-ery large belt of wampum with from the Governor, under his hand
21 rowS with 3 black bands wrought and seal, upon making out of which
In it and the rest white and gave the license, the persons licensed were
explanations whicb we have above set obliged to observe certain orders and
forth. The next day the Board took rgulations, that the Indians should
up the question of' what this belt be in no wise abused by them. That
meant and why the Indians left it It now concerned them to take care
there to be shown to the Five Na- among themselves, that this law
tions. The Council were very much should be kept in force, for the trad-
puzzled and somewhat frightened byers coming among them could not be
this account of the Conestogas, es- discovered but by the Indians, and
pecially as the Nantikokes desired it therefore they were desired to see
to be brought to the attention of the that it be duly observed. They then
Five Nations when those chiefs desired that only two persons should
should come through PhUadelphia on be allowed to trade with them, for
their way to Conestoga. The decis- that number would be sumcient, but
ion of Council is set forth at page it was answered that they would be
247 of the book last cited, where it the more subject to be imposed on,
is stated that the subject being de- the fewer should trade with them,
bated for some time, and the Indians and it would be to their advantage,
more particularly examined about it, provided that all traders were sub-
it was resolved at length upon their ject to a regulation.
declaring that they had another of. They further desired that none
the same at Conestoga to be shown might be suffered to go up into the
to the Five Nations that' the belt Countrey beyon,d their towns, to
should be kept here according to meet the Indians returning from
their proposal." hunting, for they sustain great dam-
1708 _ The GOTernor Explains Our ages by that practice, by being made
Laws to the Conestoga Indians. drunk at their return before they
get home to their wives and so
In the same work and at the page were imposed on and cheated by the
last mentioned is is stated that on traders of all their labors.
Digitized by Coogle
Under this they were desired to I 1708-Gonrnor EUDS Goes to Con-
take care among th-emselves that . estoga to Jlake a Tftaty.
none of their people should sell any- In Vol. 2 ol the Col. Rac., p. 251 at
thing to the . traders till they came I a Counell held tile 31st of August,
home to their own town and In the i this year, Governor Evans represent-
licenses that should be given In the, ed to the Council tIlat It being of
future, the Governor would take care I great Importance during this war
to oblige them not to go higher into time to maintaln a good understand-
the Countrey than the noted Indian I ing with the Indians and secure
Towns and to trade nowhere else. I them to Uie Queen's Interest against
Then they presented a parcel of 'I the etreorts of the enemy to de-
Deer, Fox and Racoon skins, at about . bauch them, he had proposed to
14 Pounds in value; (according to I make a. visit very hastily to those, of
the prices they now bear), which Conestoga and the adjOining settle-
they offered for a confirmation of menta and he asked that it be made
the Chain of Friendship between us. a public charge; and the Board if the
and desired that we might all still Governor did undertake the trouble
Continue Friends and Brothers as of the journEIY, that his visit to them
we have always hitherto been, which since they expect to see him at their
being kindly accepted and orders, own town, might be of great public
given to provide goods to return service.
them fot their present, the Council On this encouragement Governor
adjourned." Evans made the visit and the treaty
In this We again see what a var-\ and on the 19th of September he re-
iety of matters it was necessary to ported it to Council (II. 252), saying
take up and settle between our In- i that he had further "a necessity of
dians on Susquehanna and the Gov- going to Conestoga lately for which
ernment; and what a sensible view he found when he arrived there that
the Indians took of all these mea- there had been very great occasion
sures for their benefit. and he hoped it 'WOuld prove of
great service." This seems to be the
1706 - The Costs of Legan's Tl"eat, only report of the treaty and what
With the Conestoga Indians. questions he took up and disposed of
On the 25th of June, 1706, as shown is now shown. But In Vol. 2 of the
in Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 248 the Penn &: Logan correspondence, p. 1511
Secretary, James Logan, "laid before James Logan writing to Wm. Penn
the Board an account of the charge says in a letter dated August 1706 in
of the last treaty had with the In- speaking of John Evans, "There
dlans of Conestogoe, at Philadelphia, are perhaps some articles that pel'-
amounting on the debtor side to 36 haps may shock thee, particularly
pounds, 2s and 5d; on the Crel,litor that of the Conestogoe journey but it
13 pounds, 178- which makes the is exactly as everything Is as theY
balance 22 pounds, 5s and 5d, which have charged. The 11l lavol' of that
account being approved and approved treaty made by Governor Evans is
of by the Board, It is ordered that they accused him of making gain out
the Treasurer forthwith pay the bal-I of it. In a letter found in the
ance of it of that 50 Pounds per, book last mentioned, p. 267 In
Annum, allowed by the Assembly I Logan says concerning John Evans
for that purpose." that the Assembly haye long since
Digitized by Coogle
185
accused him of making out of this! hoped of great service.
treaty a lewd voyage to Susque- I It was then, perhaps, he was so
hanna with the viol est character of' eloquently addressed by an Indian
his and his retinue's practices with Orator, who, as the Poet says spake:
the wives and daughters of the In- 'Father-we love quiet; we suffer
dian people of Conestoga." the mouse to play, when the leaves
The scandal of this treaty at Con- are rustled by the wind we fear not;
estoga was taken note of by the As- when the leaves are disturbed in am-
sembly and on the 28th of Decem- bush, we are uneasy; when a cloud
ber, these staid old Quakers in an I obscures your brllliant sun, our eyes
address to Governor Evans say In I feel dim; but when the rays appear,
Vol. 1 of the Votes of Assembly, Part they give great heat to the body, and
2, p. 131, "If men employed or COD- joy to the heart. Treachery darkens
cerned in Indian treaties or trade the chain of friendship, but truth
will take these opportunities to makes it brighter than ever. This
exact upon or defraud the Indians Is the peace we desire."
and commit such vUe abominations I quote this just as Rupp gives it
with them, as we are informed some and If the Governor was capable of
have done to the great scandal of the abominable acts he is charged
Christianity, the poor heathen will with having committeed (and his ra-
have too much cause to conclude tinue) after the beautiful addresses
that it is better to remain In their the Indians made to him he must
natural state, than to advance to- '
wards the Christian religion, espec- have been a character entirely un-
fally as they conclude that the prac- worthy of his place and could not
h f ill g1 th
find any excuse whatever except that
ticers t ereo w ve em no
b tt I th d t d
which malefactors frequently use-
e er examp es, an we un ers an
some have done lately and formerly, that he was drunk and did not know
In their Indian visits." what he was doing.
Rupp says at p. 44, in speaking of This action of Evans lllustrates
this treaty that, "It appears that the how completely vUe acts are kept
Indians, at Conestoga were quite an alive through the long ages of his-
object of attention.Fearful they might tory; for the good old schoolmaster.
be alienated, Governor Evans con- Robert Proud, p. 481 of his History
celved it of the utmost importance of Pennsylvania. also calls attention
under these existing circumstances to what he styles Governor Evans'
'to maintain as far as possible, a per- abominable acts at Conestoga. And
fect good understanding with the In- he further says that the Assembly tn
dians, and to labor to keep them se- 1707 drew up a remonstrance against
cure in the Queen's interest against Evans and made this conduct at Con-
the machinations used by the enemy estoga one of the main points
to debauch them from the people of against him. This remonstrance is
the province.' To effect this, he profound In Vol. 1 of the Votes of As-
posed, in August, 1706, the year after sembly, Part 2, p. 180 and In it they
Chalkley's errand to them as a mes- say p. 181 that a complaint was made
senger of Peace, to visit very speed- to the House that some who latelY
Uy the Indians of Conestoga, and the went with Governor Evans to Cones-
adjacent settlement. He went, and toga to visit the Indians committed
had a personal interview with them I vile abominations with them, and In
at Conestoga; and It proved, as he remonstrance they conclude by say-
Digitized by Coogle
ing that the Lieutenant Governor I cns; for as I was permitted to be
being in Penn's absence In chief I present at It, and I asked, what It
comm.and of the province, ought to be i was the woman said? He told me
virtuous, but that he has by his ex- she was an empress; and they gave
cess and misdemeanors dishonored I much heed to what sht' said amongst
God and the Queen and brought the I them; and that she then said because
Government of Pennsylvania to great i we did not come to buy or sell or
public scandal. I get gain, but come in love and respect
1708-Thomas CbaIlle 's Visit to the to them-and desire their well doing
J I both here and hereafter; , and fur-
Conestoga IndJaDB. ther continued 'that our meetings
Rupp in his lIistory of Lancaster I among them might be very beneficial
County, p. 41 says that in the year i to their young people'-and related a
1705 Thomas Chalkley was visiting I dream which she had three days be-
some of his brethren at Nottingham I fore, and interpreted it, viz.: 'That
in Maryland and that Chalkley said at she was in London, and that London
that same time that he had it on his I was the finest place she had ever saw
mind to visit the Indians living at I -it was like to Philadelphia; but
Conestoga. Rupp then quotes it as 1 much bigger-and she went a c r ~ s s
being in 1705 but Chalkley fixes it in six streets, and in the seventh she
his Journal as in 1706. Rupp then saw William Penn preaching to the
gives the following description of people, which was a great multitude,
what took place: "We got an inter- but she and W1lliam Penn rejoiced
preter, and thirteen or fourteen of us to see each other; and after meeting
travelled through the woods about she went to him, and he told her that
fifty miles carrying our provisions I in a little thoe he would come over
with us, and on the journey set I and preach to them also, of which
down by a river, and spread our I she was very glad. And now she
food on the grass and refreshed our- said her dream was fulfilled, for one
selves and horses, and then went on I of his friends was come to preach
cheerfully and with good will, and: to them.'
much love to the poor Indians and I She advised them to hear us, and
when we came they received us klnd- entertain us kindly; and according-
ly, treating civilly in their way. We ly they did. There were two nations
treated about having a meeting with I of them, the Senecas and Shawnese.
them in a rel1gious way; upon We had first a meeting with the
which they were very grave, and Senecas, with which they were much
spoke one after another, without any affected; and they called the other
heat or jarring-and some of the nation, viz.: the Shawnese, and in-
most esteemed of the women speak terpreted to them what we spoke In
in their councils. I asked our In- their meeting, and the poor Indians,
terpreter, why they suffered or per- ~ n d particularly some of the young
mited the women to speak In their men and women, were under a solid
Councils? His answer was, 'that exercise and concern. We had also
some women were wiser than some a meeting with the other nation, and
men.' 'Our Interpreter told me that they were all very kind to us, and de-
they had not done anything for sired more such opportunities; the
maDY years without the councils of which, I hope, Divine Providence will
an ancient grave woman; who, I order them if they are worthy there-
observed spoke much in their Coun- of.
Digitized by Coogle
187
The Gospel of Jesus Christ was I they obtained rights from Penn but of
preached freely to them, and faith I course they did not settle until a
in Christ, who was put to death at j' year or more later. It seems that
Jerusalem, by the unbelieving Jews; the Conestoga Indians were satisfied
and that this same Jesus came to I to receive these new neighbors for
save people from their sins and by in the same letter Penn writes and
his grace and light in the soul, shows says, .. I am glad that the business
to man his sins, and convinceth him of the Conestogas and other Indians
thereof; delivering him out of them, came off so easily.
and giving inward peace and comfort
to the soul for well-doing; and sor- 1706-Relatlon of the llinquays and
row and trouble for evil-doing; to the Fhe Nations.
all which as their manner is, gave
public assent; and to that of the light
of the soul, they gave a double as-
sent, and seemed much affected with
the doctrine of truth, also the benefit
of the holy scriptures was largely
opened to them.
After this we returned to our res-
pective habitations, thankful in our
hearts to the God and Father of our
In 15 Hazard's Register, p. 181
Conylngham says that the Mlnquays
or thillr nation was part of the Five
Nations and settled at Conestoga and
were thence called Conestoga In-
dians. They sent messengers to
Penn's Commissioners at Sackam-
axan In 1682; some of their chiefs
attended the conference or treaty of
William Penn in December of the
Lord Jesus Christ. Several of the same year when certain lands were
friends that went with me expressed I assigned them as residences forever,
their satisfaction In this visit, and of- the right of the soil having been pur-
fered themselves freely to go again I chased of the Indians by Penn. He
to the like service." I also says that these Conestoga In-
I find the same in Chalkley's Jour- dians were remarkable for their love
nal, p. 49 where he says he had I of peace and fldellty of their promis-
meetings as he travelled on the road es. He says that It is recorded that
at Nottingham river, Northeast once every year they send a delega-
River, Bush River, Gunpowder River tion to the Governor with presents,
and Susquehanna River but he seems assuring him of their fidelity of the
to fix the date at 1706, and the same first treaty or treaties.
thing which is set forth in Rupp is 1707-GoTemor Evans Second Treaty
found pp. 49,50, 51, 52 in Chalkley's
Journal.
1706-11ore Germans Buy Land
Among the Conestoga Indians.
In Vol. 2 of the Penn & Logan Cor-
respondence, p. 110, William Penn
writes to Logan from England and
says that "The G'erman persons
press me not for the 30,000 acres of
land in New Castle County but the
Conestoga land." We here see that
the Germans are now preparing to
make their home among these Con-
estoga Indians as early as this, where
at Conestoga.
Some time during the late Spring
of 1707 word came from Conestoga
that' Nicole Godyn and another
Frenchman named Francois were en-
deavoring to get the Indians on Sus-'
quehanna and Conestoga to desert
the Engllsh and join the French. This
required immediate attention and
Council decided that the G'overnor
should make another journey to Con-
estoga, which he did in June of that
year. He returned about the middle
of July and gave a full account of
Digitized by Coogle
this treaty which Is found In Vol. Conestogoe sald, he was 'Yell satis-
2 of the Col. Rec., pp. 386 to 390, and fied with the Relation the Nantlkoke
it is as follows: Indians had given him of their at-
U The Governor with Messrs. John I fairs. Yet notwithstanding he was
French, William Tonge, Mitchell Be-I very desirous they should make It
zaUon, Grey, and four known to the Governour that he
other servants, set out from New might also be satisfied with It, a Nan-
Castle the 27th of June and the next tlkoke Indian took Into his hands a
morning arrived at Otteraroe where Belt of Wampum from a Une where-
the Governor was presented with on there was hung nineteen others,
aome skins from the Indians, and the and several strings of beads, and
same night we arrived at Pequehan, said they had been given to under-
being received by Martines by stand the Queen had sent orders, that
Opessah and some Indian Chiefs,who the Indians should Uve in peace with
conducted us to the town, at our en- one another and that they were sent
trance into which place we were sa- to give some of those belts in behalf
luted by the Indians with a volley of the Governor of Maryland, and
of small arms. On: Monday we went themselves, to the Five Nations as
to Denkanoagah, upon the river Sas- our Indians also to do for others and
quehanna, being about nine miles Pennsylvania and themselves, if the
distance from Pequehan. Sometime Governor thought fit, in order to re-
after our coming here a meeting was new their league with the Five Na-
held of the Shawanois, Senequois and tions.
Canoise Indians and the Nantlkoke Govr. How long have you been at
Indians from the seven following peace with those nations? Nant. In-
towns, viz: Matcheattochousie, Match- dian. 27 years.
couchtin, Witichoquoam, Natahquois'l Governor. What is the reason then
Techquois, Byengeabtein, and Pohe- of so many belts of Wampum and
commdat1. An Indian presented to the Strings of Beads?
Governor and his Company, and all
i
l
Nant. Indian. We send them as a
ye Indians there present, a large pipe tribute.
with tobacco, out of which everyone Governor. I am very well satis-
smoakt, and then the Governor ac- fied with what has been told me, and
quainted the Indians that he had re- with what the Governr of Maryland
ceived a message from the Senequois has done, and had I been acquainted
Indiana of Conestogoe and those of I with this business at Philadelphia, I
Pequehan, how that several strange would have sent a belt of Wampum
Indians were amongst them, and as a token of friendship, to the five
desired his presence there; that aI-I nations; but some of those five na-
though he had the charge and care ot tlons were witb me not long since,
many thousands of the Great Queen by whom I sent a belt; and then Ad-
of England's subjects, yet he has now junke'took a belt In his hands, say-
come to this place to know their de- ing he meant to send it to the Five
sires, and was willing to serve them Nations for Penn and themselves.
In whatsoever lay In his power; to I Indian Harry, by order of the Con-
which a Nantlkoke Indian replied, estoga Sachemaes, spoke in English
that they were extremely glad the I to the Nantlkoke, who all understood
Governor was with them and that I that language as follows, viz: You
they had walted ten days to see him. I are going to the Onondagoes; be sure
Adjunke, one of the Sachemaes of keep on your way; many may tell
Digitized by Coogle
119
ynu nnneryl thInns frnlt 'rrrBOn we dve thenn sknn k malliee
tlat tley are you will I Gloves, and Breecdes, 3n
keep nn you wfH ::: i ,:e pleased with
the very I joomellie ndell he oTwalg
=",od ,,,,e, ,,,,d a "ing "s , ready to do the like to preserve peace
ylad to "ne: and
you altogether at this time, and It is I < t,) I)t you see what confidence J
dz,g,ire gnd ghall de elldeav'llll, I
lllue
ynu) tn,stel mYllllif
that you all live in peace. Your I midst of you, with a very few of our
)OemEllg arll om's, llnd Whn"OeOOT'! n,'"at q;jue"n's rubje<:is, olthoudh
shall pretend to injure you, I wlll en- easily brought with me
d",avoe thee you shan hene ",atisfa,,- I eot'y ll'eat nunlers, I havo be)ll
tion made for it. Then the confer- told that some ill designing persons
",nee ",nded, and the eJ.ov",,,,,,or t",eat.",d : g:"equlllltly raisll,t redorts nf
ye Indians at Dinner, and at night re- intention to destroy you; Pray, let
[u,ned to kn,ew tde euthOi'g of the,n
Pequehan, 30th June Present: ports, and they shall be punished ac-
Shannoi",t Indtan" and "ome; of eu,dlnffz to thei, De"",rts, I a",;,,?
Five Nations. have been ready to do you all
'dessad sK,eke bertllif tho you,d. ""unnne", of 400d 01lk",,,, aed will COIl'
of his Town, as follows, viz: : tinue In the same mind
We thaek the G ;:ernz;: ane pe;n,on insmua"",
kindness in supporting our peopKe.: the you, it is my mink
eVe ai'O ho,z:;I'Y tn liee in Cmmtree tdat enu "ocuro theE", k01'SOn"" and
at Peace, and not tn1'se palte, I give immediate notice of it. tihero
wher1' we formerly lived; for then I be"n io,'me;ely "everal alliances
our tetur" from hunting, made with you, wdich you W1'IK
found our town surprised and our I knuw we OUl paz'ts have observ-
;:nmen and children take;n plt"oner", ed punctually; ,ind shnll cuntlnuo
by our enemies. to do so, and wish you may do the
Govornoe Th" Indlan; mah be : S1,me.
sured of my protection, for we are: tihen an india" sl'oke ill b;hl'U nf
Ol'e r;rnple;, If m Orse,K,,; anI'] the women. We are cOl'du(ll'(l
of your enemies to hurt an;: i the alll,;nces before spoken of as well
YOu,' Wl.,es chHG,ren, th"'k sha" I", s" we 'sk the e,ove,',
redress', for I esteem an Injury done: as our me"", ,
I nor's Drotection, and deSIre that the
YOD as m"'elf I'
,,' Nantikoke G",;ernor kindly OCCl'pt
Opessah. It was the sent of skins, which freely we make
e.nd e,mot,;;' In'.?:ianl' wI,o sen, hlot, a T"stiewny of ou,' kbdne,"L
our Father the Governor, and not we
4kGre,o,'e arr vere S01'ily th,;y Governor, I do accept your present
tertained him no better, but since they VGry kindle, and th",k kUU
Zlove not b""n kbd as they ,;ugh; same; and you shall always find me
we hope the Governor will accept rGody protect and def""d yoo aTH1
,sur "mall pre",;nt which we now will continue to trust you as friends
make kim, for we :ee "ensil)le an;1 s7"te1's, AftGr o;hich the
I the
,
You must be sure you remember to I we lay short of the v1llage that
acquaint your chiefs that you have I night; but early in the morning we
seen me here, and at the Shawnoise went within half a mlle of the town,
Town; and of the friendship and al- i and leaving our horses, marched a
Uance that is betwixt us and the In-I foot near the same; from whence the
dians. Governor sent Martine to the village;
Opessah, I hope the Governor will Ordering him to tell Nicole that he
give us his hand in token of his I had brought two Caggs of rum with
friendship. him, which he had left in the woods,
Governor. I wlll give not only my for fear any Christians were there;
hand, but my heart. and withal to perswade Nicole to go
During our abode at Pequehan, with him to taste the rum.Martlne re-
several of the Shannois Indians, from! turned with James Letort and Joseph
ye Southward came to settle here Hessop, two Indian traders, but
and were admitted so to do by could not prevail with Nicole; upon'
Opessah, with the Governor's con- this Martine was sent back with or-
sent; at the same time an Indian ders to bring down some of the In-
from Shaonols Town, near Carollna, dians, and Nicole with .them; . then
came In and gave an account that I we drew nearer to the town, and
450 of the flat-headed Indians had be- laid ourselVes In the bushes and Mar-
selged them; and that In all probab- 't tine returned with two Indians,whom
lUty, the same was taken. BezaUon the Governor acquainted with his in-
informed the Governor that the sha-I tent of taking Nicole, telling at the
onois of Carolina (he was told), had 1 same time, he had spoken with _ to
kllled several Christians; where- I the Uncle of one of them upon that
upon the Government of that pro-! head, who ordered the . Indians to
vince raised the- said flat-headed In-ISUbmit to the Governor's commands,
dians, and Joined some Christians to with which they were contented,
them, beselged, and have taken as it! though we preceived too well the
is thought, the said Shaonols town. I contrary, by their Inquiring how
On Tuesday, 1st of July, we went many we were, and how armed; and
to Conestogoe, and lay there that, by the concern they seemed to be in,
night, and the next morning proceed- when they found we were more men
ed- on our journey, and arrived in the than they in number: but still Nicole
evening within 3 miles of an Indian was wanting; It was therefore resol-
village, called P e l ~ a n . The Gover- ved to try once more If he could be
nor had received information at Pe- got into the woods, accordingly Mar-
quehan, that one Nicole, a French tine went again, and brought Nicole
Indian trader was at that place to that place where we lay conceal-
against whom great complaints had ed, and asking him to drink a dram,
been made to the Governor of which he seized him; but Nicole started
he acquainted the chief Indian of from him and run for it, when im-
Peixtan. as also of his design to mediately we started out and took
seize him; who wlllingly agreed to him, and presently carried him to
it, but advised the Governor to be the village, (through which we were
very cautious in the manner: their obliged to pass), and there we found
being only young people at bome.
who perhaps might make some resis- some Indians with guns in their
tance, if it were done without their, hands. who looked much displeased
first being told of it; for thIs reason I at what we had done. but we being
Digitized by Coogle
..
In readiness agalnst any surprise, 'I low who had not long kept aboard In
they thought It not fltt to attempt the woods amongst the Indians, and
anything; here we stayed about half was with them In Philadelphia about
an hour, and then started for Turpy- three years ago, and had been using
hocken; having mounted Nicole up- endeavors to Incense these people
on a horse and tied his legs under against the Englfsh, to stir them up
the belly; we got within a mile of; to enmity ~ a l n s t the subjects of the
Turpyhocken about two of ye clock' Crown, and to join with our publfc
on Friday morning, and about 7 the enemy the French to our destruct-
Governor went to the town, from Ion; upon which Information, he re-
thence we went to Manatawny that solved before his return to have him
night, and the next day to Phlladel- apprehended, which after a tedious
phla." journey and considerable dlmculUes
. Upon the Governor having made he had accordingly performed, and
this report It was "Ordered that a II brought him a prisoner to Phfladel-
message be sent by Martin Chartlere, phla, In the Common Gaol of which
an Inhabitant among the sald Shaw- he now lies.
anols, at Peckquea, near Conestogoe, Also, that another native of France
and now In Philadelphia, deSiring the or Its Domalnlons, Francois by
Chief of said Shawonols, himself, or name, having for some time contlli-
two or three of the Council, together ued among our Indians on Sasque-
with some of the principal of those hannagh, without any lfcense, had
strangers, to come to Philadelphia as principally concerned himself In a
speedily as they conveniently can, barbarious murder, committed by
and give the Governor an account, of the Shawanols upon one of their
the sald strangers, and their reasons captive enemies, for which act, be-
of leaving their native Country, to cause It would be accounted to be
transport themselves hither." (390). done by a Christian and therefore
The dlmculties which required this might be of very III consequence;
treaty and journey are set forth In the Governor had caused him also to
the last named book, p. 385, as fol- be apprehended and brought to
lows: Philadelphia, where he likewise Is
"The Governor Informed the Board now In Gaol."
that having lately, upon an extraor- No further comment need be add-
dlnary occasion, made a journey ed to this as wll.at Is set forth ex-
among the Indians upon Sasquehan- plains It In full. It Is Interesting to
nah, he had caused a journal of his observe, however, that all the exclt-
transactions with them to be drawn Ing proceedings took place along the
up, which he thought flt to lay be- old Sasquehanna from the mouth of
fore the board, but finding It to be the Pequea Creek to a point beyond
somewhat deficient he should defer Chlckles. It Is also observed that
It until the next meeting.
But that what he had now more
immediately to consult the Board up-
on Is, that he had before his said
journey received Information, and
had taken the depositions of two evi-
dences, that one Nicole Godin, a
French man, a bold active young fel-
the Governor and his party came by
the Southern route by the way of
New Castle and Octoraro and went
home by way of the Northern route
up the Conestoga Creek and by
French Creek to the Schuylkill. Both
of these routes as we remember were
ancient roads or paths, the Southern
Digitized by Coogle
the Old Swedish Road in their trade i ders to desire the assistance of the
with the Susquehannocks, and the I said Indians, if not that they then
Northern the path which William might be called home. The said In-
Penn speaks of In Vol. 1 of Hazard's terpreter further added, that al-
Register, p. 400 as being the com- though Mitchell was the person who
mon course the Indians used when had first led them thither, yet he had
he first met them, in trade with his I left them many weeks past, and pre-
people on the East. tended that he wanted one Clark, of
1707-The French Traders Want the I Maryland, (who is said to be now un-
Conestoga Indfans to Help I der an Attainder, by an act of As-.
Them to Dig Ore. sembly of that Government), to as-
I V I 2 f th C 1 R 403
sist him in the discovery; and the
no. 0 eo. ec., p. , id
under the date of February 24, this I sa messenger being asked divers
year It Is set forth that, "upon a mes- other questions relating hereunto he
sage from the Indians of Conestoga, I was ordered to withdraw.
by Harry, the interpreter, they met! The Council takes the Premises
accordingly; and the said messenger Into consideration, first inquired
laying upon the board six loose whether any of the above mentioned
strings of white Wampum for his persons had a license to trade, In
Credentials, declared that he was pursuance of the Act of Assembly,
sent by the Queen and PrinCipal men lately passed In this Province, for
of Conestoga aforesaid, to the Gov- maintaining a better correspondence
ernor and Council here, to acquaint with the Indians, and thereupon the
that divers Europeans, viz: Mitchell form of the license was read, and an
(a Swiss), Peter Bezalion, James Le- account of all those who were lfc-
tort, Martin Chartier, the French ensed In pursuance of the said law,
Glover of Philadelphia, Frank a was produced by which it appeared
young man of Canada, who was late- that none of those before mentioned
ly taken up here, being all French is licensed, saving Peter Bezallon,
men, and one from Virginia, who al- and that if they had all been so, yet
so spoke French, had seated them- that would not justify them for seat-
selves and buUt houses upon the ing themselves In such a manner as
branches of the Potomac, within this has been before expressed. Where-
Government, and pretended that upon It was resolved that an answer
they were in search of some Mineral should be prepared to be sent to the
or ore, that in the Governor's name said Queen, in which her care in ac-
they had required the Indians of quainting this Government with what
Conestoga to send some of their the messenger had related, s.)lould be
people with them to assist them and acknowledged, and that the afore-
be serviceable to them, for which the mentioned persons should be forth-
Governpr would pay them; That with required to repair to Phlladel-
those of Conestoga, not thinking phia, to give an account of the rea-
these proceedings to be consistent sons of their seating themselves in
with their past treaties and leagues the aforesaid place, and the Secre-
of friendship, desired to know wheth- tary is ordered to the said answer
er the said persons were really sent against four of the clock in the after-
by the Governmnt, and had thus noon, to which time the Council is
seated themselves by their approba- adjourned."
tlon, and whether they had any or- No comment need be added to this
Digitized by Coogle ...
Item more than to Bay that the whlteB 'Nantlkoke IndlanB were being' de-
In thlB neighborhood of ConeBtoga i talned at ConeBtoga by the ConeBtoga
were very ready to uBe theBe Con- I IndlanB to await the Governor'B ar-
eBtoga IndlanB for any purpose which i rival, which would have been a fur-
would be of advantage to them. i ther expenBe If he. had not gone, and
1707-GoTernor Enns Explains the' that he went at great fatigue, that
hlB expenBeB of going, being for the
Calise of His lIaklnlf the 8eeoDd public good, Bhould be paid.
Treaty Wlthollt the Per- Godyn Captured at
mlS.IOD of COllDelL Conetltoga.
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 393, In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 385,
It IB Btated that the Councll came to ! aB we have already Bet forth, It Is
thlB reBolution concerning the Gov- 1 Btated that Nicole Godyn was cap-
ernor'B last treaty at ConeBtoga, viz: : tured by Governor EvanB and hlB
"That the Governor'B last expedition' party In the neighborhood of Bain-
among the Indians, occaBloned by a bridge. I Bet this out In a Beparate
meBsage to him from thoBe of Cones- item simply to give It prominence, as
togoe and the adjacent places, upon It waB an Important event.
the NanUkokeB designed journey to 1707-llartln Chartier the Indian
the Five NationB, waB necessary for
the good and for the Bervlce of the
Public, and that the Governor shew-
ed his care of it therein; that there-
fore all the necessary charges of the
said journey ought to be defrayed by
the public. But inasmuch as the
circumstances of time would not al-
low the Governor, being then at New
Castle to communicate the Bald
journey to and advise the Councll
concerning ye same, and seeing the
law for defraying such charges to
provide, that all meBsages and
treaties that are to be allowed by
the Publlc, are first to be ordered by
the Governor and Council. The
Board, therefore, is doubtful that
there allowing of the said accounts
will scarce be Bumclently warranted
by the said law, and the considera-
tion of the former journey Is referred
to the next sitting."
The Governor had some dlmculty
in having the expenBe of this treaty
paid but on the 25th of AuguBt, 1707
the Council again considered the mat-
ter and finding that It was impoBslble
for the Governor to conBult the
Council before going and that the
Trader Dle8.
MIBB Lyle In her history of Lan-
caster County, p. 6 says that about
this time Martin Chartier the Indian
Trader died. She saYB of him, that
several years before hlB death, which
occurred In 1708, he removed his
trading post to a point about'a mile
above the Indians fort in Manor
township. His son Peter Chartier.
married a Shawnese Bquaw and in-
duced the mOBt warlike portion of
the tribe to join the French against
the English, during the French and
Indian Wars, of 1754-63. This Peter
Chartier waB undoubtedly a very
dangerous character aB we have BeeD
in former items. He called, a man
with a viper'B blood running through
his veins, meaning the blood of the
Shawnese, who were always treach-
erOUB and warlike.
1708-Peter . BazllIon Tales Up Land
AboTe Conestoga.
In Vol. 19 of the 2nd. Series of the
Penna. Archs., p. 496 at a meeting of
the Board of Property, held the 11th
of October, 1708, It is set forth that
there was "granted unto Peter Biz-
Digitized by Coogle
allon, Indian Trader, upon his hum- I early as this date some of the Men-
ble request. free Uberty to build to I nonlte preachers reached the Cones-
himself a house and plant necessary Ii toga Country, though actual settle-
fields for his own use on any of the ment seems not to have begun until
lands above Conestoga, not possess- 1709.
ed or made use of by the Indians, to 11709 _ GOTernor Gookin InTlies tlatl
Conestoga Indians to Join With
his Lieutenant's or Comm'rs and no the English In a War Against
longer, he paying one skin tile French In C ada
yearly for the privilege." Charles Gookin, the new Governor
I quote this because It is commonly of Pennsylvania, now appears on thP
thought that Bazallon passed most of scene, having succeeded the wicked
his life in the central and eastern Governor Evans. He first appeareeJ
part of what is now Lancaster before CQuncll on the 2nd of Feb-
County, but there Is no doubt that I ruary, 1709, (2 Col. Rec., p. 427). HI-'
much of the time was spent on the I desired to visit the Conestoga In-
Susquehanna. , dians as early as he could but not
1708-The Conestoga Indians com./ having done so, at a Council held thp
plain That the French are Build. 8th day of June, it was ordered that
I B Th ,"The Secratary forthwith dispatch
ng 01lS88 ere. a messenger to the Indians of Cones-
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 403, togoe, etc., with instructions in writ-
In an item which we haye already I to excuse the Governor's not coming
stated, I notice the following which 1 because the Assembly is now sitting
the Conestoga Indians complain I on an affair of great importance and
against, that the "French had set for a credential to take a gOod' belt
and built houses upon the I of wampum with him; to Inform
branches of the Potomac within I them that If they design to pay a
Pennsylvania." I merely cite this I visit to the Five Nations they are
to make prominent the French op- now busy in engaging with the Eng-
erations and especially the building of lish In a war against Canada, for
houses, North of the Branches of the I which vast preparations are made
Potomac, over the Pennsylvania Une. from England; that If those of Con-
1708 - Swedish LlItheran Missionary I estogoe, the Shawnols, etc., can en-
at Conestoga. gage, and will prepare themselves to
In Rupp's History of Lancaster join Immediately In this expedition,
County, p. 466 he sets forth that, "In their young m'.ln should all provide
1708 or 1709 a Swedish-Lutheran in themselves for it without delay, and
the capacity of a resided they shall receive by the Queen's or-
among the Conestoga Indians to in- der, sent for that purpose, a good
struct them in the Christian reli- I reward, every man a gun, etc., and
glon." On page 466 he says, that I that their answer to this by some of
at an earlier period "missionaries of I their old men, and a good Interpreter
the Swedish church visited the In- is immeditely desired.
dlans within the present limits of That whether they can engage or
Lancaster County and' the French not we shall be glad to see some of
also paid some attention to the In- them here, and the Governor will
dlans." It is likely also that as shortly make them a visit, etc. And
Digitized by Coogle
195
ANNALS OF THE SU SQUEHANNOCKS AND
then adjourned." See 2 Col. Rec., p.
461.
1708 - The Conestogas WIDing to
Join the Expedition, B1It the
Same Is Postponed.
Harry for the first, Sam, son of Es-
sepenawlck, for the second, and John
Montague, a Ganawese Indian for the
last, being all arrived here with sev-
eral attendants,. three d"l"s ago upon
apprehension that by the Governor's
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 467, last message to them they were ex-
It is reported that Captain John pressly sent for about some earnest
French had gone to the Conestogas business; they now met the Gover-
for their reply to the, above proposl- nor in Council, who- ordered the Sec-
tion, which they agreed to. The same retarY to tell them through their in-
is set forth. as follows: terpreter, and Peter Bizaillon, to
"Captain John French having gone this elfect; That upon the first mes-
in a message to Conestogo, brought sage the Governor had received from
for answer from the Indians there, them about six weeks ago, desiring
that they would forthwith call in all his company at Conestoga, he had re-
their young men, and with all their turned an answer by Lieutenant Col-
force come to Philadelphia In order onel French of New Castle that he
to proceed to Albany, and join in the could not then possibly come to them
expedition against Canada; but the because of the alfairs of Government
Assembly having positively voted here, from which he could not be
against joining with that Expedition, spared. That he had sent them no-
or raising any money for that pur- tlce that the visit which they pro-
pose; It Is resolved, ,that a message posed to the Five Nations with their
be again sent to these Indians, de-: tribute, might be unseasonable at this
siring them to defer their coming to: time, because those nations were en-
Philadelphia, for that the Governor, gaging in a great expedition with the
will speedlly make them ~ visit." As ! English against Canada, of which
far as these records state the In-: they would probably hear from them
dlans were very willing to join this In a little time, that it would be well
expedition. If they would prepare themselves to
nOD-The Conestogas Come to PhIla- join In It, and that he had Invited
I I A
some of their chiefs to call on him
delph a to Inqu re bout the Ex- at Philadelphia; that he received an
pedltlon 'And to Make Fur- answer to this from the Mlngoes, or
ther Treaty. those of Conestoga especially, that
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 469, they would call in all their young
under the date of July 25, 1709, it is men, and march Immediately with
set forth that, "The chiefs of several their whole force to Philadelphia;
nations of Indians living on Susque- but that this appearing inconvenient
hanna, viz: Andaggy-junquagh,Wash- and not likely to answer the end
tachary, Chiefs of the proposed, the Governor had Imme-
Mingoes, Owechela, Passakassy, 8as- diately dispatched away another mes-
soonan and 8kalitchy, Chiefs of the senger to them, to prevent their
Delaware Indians, settled at Pesh- coming, and inform them that him-
tang above Conestogoe and other ad- self having now more leisure, in-
jacent places, Peter and Pipskoe, tended in a few days to see them in
Chiefs of the Ganawese, with their their own places. That accordingly
several Interpreters, viz: Indian he with Colonel Evans and several
Digitized by Coogle
others, had sent out and proceeded, country since, under this Goverment
beyond New Castle in the way, but i and the Indians; so he desired it
there found himself so indisposed by I might be continued and made every
reason of a great Cold he had taken, day firmer, that it might never . be
that he could not contniue hs Jour- broken, that if they had anything to
ney and therefore sent another mes- ask of him that he desired them to
sage to them by Jonas Askew, the. consider of it, and he would hear
Interpreter, to Inform them of the! them speak tomorrow. They all
matter-to tell them he was sorry he I expressd their satisfaction in what
was so far disappointed as that he the Governor had said and after some
could not see them at that time, but time spent in conversation, etc., they
that if some of their chiefs should departed.
think fit any time this fall at plina- At a Council at Philadelphia, the
delphia he should be glad to see 26th of July, .1709.
them there and If, it would suit their The Honorable Chas. Gookin, Esq.,
affairs to be here within two months, Lieutenant Governor.
it might be the more convenient be-I The Mingoe Indians having been
cause In that time the late Gover- Invited over the river this morning,
nor and Secretary intended both for without the Governor's knowledge,
England, to see the Indians old I could not be ready to meet; there-
friend, the Proprietor WllUam Penn, fore those of Peshtang, etc., and the
to whom they might by them send Ganawese attending, they were desir-
any message and that the Governor ed to speak and deliver what they
then further desired them to consider had to say: Whereupon, by order of
what he could do for their service'lOwechela and Passokassy, rising,
and he would answer them in it. That I laid on the Board a belt of Wampum
this was the substance of what had as a token to confirm what he had to
passed, and therefore that he had not speak, and then said: That this
expressly called thbm in, as they had i summer they had intended to wait
been given to understand. However, t UDon the Five .Natlons and had pro-
that he was now very glad to see I vlded for their journey twenty-four
them, and that they should be heart- belts of wampum, to be presented to
By welcome to him. The Governor I them as their tribute, of which they
then told them himself that though I' thought themselves obllged to ac-
he had not expressly sent for them, quaint the Governor and for that
yet he was glad to see them come so I purpose had sent him the message
cheerfully in; . that he was lately that has been mentioned; but that
come from England, and was sent to about the same time they had receiv-
them by their friend and brother ed a message from these Indians, ac-
William Penn, the chief Governor and qualntlng them that they had ap-
father of this country, who had glv- pointed all the Indians of these parts
en him at his coming away a spec- as also of Maryland who are all tri-
ial charge to be very kind to the In- butary to the said Five Nations, to
dians and to treat them as his meet some of their chiefs who were
friends and brothers, which he ac- coming down for that purpose at
cordingly would observe, and now Conestogae, but that they had I de-
thought fit to tell them so; that as elined their journey, being not yet
there had been a strong chain of arrived; Upon this they were again
friendship between all those of this informed by the Governor's order of
Digitized by Coogle
the expedition against Canada, In I ernor.
which those nations had lately en- Passakassy complained that somp
gaged, and therefore were In all proof the traders, especially James Le-
bablllty prevented In their Intended tort, wronged them In their measure
visit. of matchcoats. which he sold them.
The said speaker added. that it in which he desired redress. and up-
would now be too late for them to on it they were advised to a method
proceed In their journey Northwards, that would scare them.
because they would not be able to They expressed a great satlsfac-
return before the cold weather set tion In what had been told them and
in, and therefore must defer It until being acquainted that they must all
another year. meet again In Council. they for this
Passakassy added, that they had time dismissed."
heard of the French b l i l l ~ upon our The next day, July 27, (page 472),
coasts, and that we were In danger of It appears that further steps were
being Invaded by them; that for this taken to show the Indians the im-
reason not now wllling to take a I portance of continuing In good rela-
journey so far from home, lest their tlon with the English. This Is set
wives and children, and we of this I forth as follows:
place should want their assistance in I "The chiefs of several nations of
their absence, and therefore they our Indians being now come In.
thought fit to stay. I there is an immediate necessity also
The Governor thanked them for for a supply to make them a reason-
their care In this, but they were cau- I able present. I need not inform you
tioned hereupon against giving ear of how great Importance it is to keep
to flying reports, they were told that a good correspondence with these
the French had no forces In these people upon the easy terms It has
parts, yet could Injure us, and that hitherto been done In this Govern-
what they had heard of this kind was ment; half on wliat you allowed for
occasioned only by some robberies, that purpose has been expended In
that some of their small vessels flt- messages, and the other half, at
ted out only for this purpose to least, In provisions, so that nothing
plunder and way lay honest traders remains thereof for a present; I am
had committed: the method of prl- sensible money can not just now ,be
vateerlng at sea was explained to raised to answer this end, but you
them, by which they were made may find means to procure credit, so
sensible that what had happened was that they may not gQ away empty."
not the effect of superior force In I It seems these chiefs made a long
war, but such robberies as were I visit, and that on the 29th of July,
common at sea, when a few private I there were further steps taken in
lurchers, with arms, set upon ves- treaty making, (See p. 473). At the
sels provided only for trade, and I Council held at Joseph Growdon's
carrying off merchandise, and so house, In which It Is stated that all
were made prize of. the chiefs now in town, with their in-
They were earnestly exhorted not terpreters were met, and the Secre-
to suffer stories to be spread amongst tary spoke to them as follows:
them. but to take notice of those "That notwithstanding they had
that uttered thelll, to apprehend I not been expressly sent for, (as they
them, and bring them to the Gov- had been told before), yet they were
Digitized by Coogle
very welcome. the Governor being a I them should start. They were told
stranger amongst them. was now of the Engl1sh success in the war;
very glad to see them. i and the Governor said that he hoped
That the chain of friendship had I they had all been treated kindly by
been so often confirmed between I the people that lived among them.
them and us. that there remained! and with this closed the treaty; and
very little now to say on that head. I the Indians
We had always considered them as 1709 _ The Delawares Now LITe On
brothers In all proceedings with them
and should always desire to do the I Susquehanna.
same. there was nothing but love and While It Is shown In tne above item
peace between them and us and as I that the Delawares now live on the
often as ever we met we sho\lld still Susquehanna River. In order to make
renew the expressions of It. desiring their change or residence more pro-
that it might extend to all posterity. mlnent I direct attention to Vol. 2 of
and that the aged fathers should In- the Col. Rec . 469. where it is set out
form their children of the friendship that. "TlI.e Delaware Indians settled
that has always been maintained at Peshtang (Paxtang), now near
amongst us. so that In every genera-I Harrisburg). above Conestoga aqd
tion it may continually grow stronger other adjacent places. were arrived
That since as our friends and In Philadelphia with several other
brothers they had come to see us.we tribes of Indians and their atten-
could not suffer them to depart dants."
without some token of our frlend- nOB-The Iroquois Indians Demand
ship. and therefore desired them to
accept of the present that was there the Conestogas to Come and
laid before them. which was: Pay Trlbute.
1 Cwt. of Powder in four small In Vol. 2 of the Votes of Assembly.
casks. p. 35 on the 27th of June. this year.
2 Cwt. of Lead. two members of the Council brought
4 Stroudwater matchcoats. a message to the Assembiy from the
1 Dozen good Linnen Shirts. Governor. "That the Indians of Con-
1'ia Dozen of Stock Ins. estoga had sent a message to the
100 Flints. and a large quantity of Governor. acquainting him that they
Biskitt and Loaves. were ready to go up to the Five Na-
These they were told were for their tions in order to pay their tribute.
journey. and the powder and lead to but expected that the Governor or
furnish them with provisions and Secretary would come to Conestoga
skins. they were promised such llq- that they might have conference with
uors and other necessities as they one of them before they went up."
should want. and then were desired The Assembly as shown p. 36 was
to receive the whole as a further asked for immediate answer npon
token of love. and to distribute it what should be done about the word
amongst themselves as they should from Conestoga by another delega-
see conve.nlent; (p. 474). tlon from Conncil the next day. stat-
They were also instructed about Ing that it was absolutely necessary
the war between England and France 'I that money to defray the charge of
and that they should watch carefully going to treat with the Conestoga In-
for any stories the French among dians this week should be voted be-
Digitized by Coogle
199 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHA."'lNOCKS AND
cause those Conestogas are bound to better understood. Logan thinks
go to the Five Nations as they are that minerals will be found near
tributary to the Five Nations. Upon where Mitchell has pitched. In a
this urgent demand the Assembly de-I note at the bot. tom of the book last
clded they would vote 16 Pounds of named, Logan In a letter to Penn
the new currency to make presents says, "There Is yet nothing certaln-
to the Indians and also to pay the ly discovered about the mines. Col-
expenses of the trip to Conestoga. onel Evans has been very free with
This subject Is also discussed In Vol. me on that head. There has been
a of Haz. Reg., p, 113, and In Rupp's none opened and I heartily wish I
History of Lancaster CounfY, p. 67. may be able to tell thee more of the
matter hereafter, for I believe that
1709 - The Shawneee Indians Inter- Mitchell Bazlllion has tricked us
ested In Digging for Ore About all. "He says that this tract supposed
I to have minerals lies In the neigh-
borhood of the Potomac, but that
In Vol. 2 of the Penn &: Logan Cor- they must keep their eyes open.
respondence, p. 321 dated the 3rd of I I cite this merely to show that agl-
March there Is a letter from William tatlons about minerals being found
Penn to James Logan In which he lin the nelghbohood of the Conestoga
sets forth (p. 323), that he under- and Shawnese Indian country, and
stands that Ex-Governor Evans Is olf to the Southwest were frequent
making 100 Pounds, If not twice that sources of excitement at this time;
each week out of a mine somewhere and that the spirit of securing valu-
back of Conestoga. Penn says that able minerals had gotten among the
he understands, "The Indians chiefly Indians of this neighborhood as well
discovered the mine and worked It on as among the white people.
the spot. And it Is the King of the I
Shawnoe Indians and some few of 1709 - The Whites Begin Settlement
his subjects that perform this bUSI-1 Among the IndiaM of LaDcaster
ness for Col. Evans." Penn then says i County.
to Logan that scrutinize the matter' Rupp In His History of Lancaster
well and let him hear all he can County, p. 74, says that fam-
about It for if there Is a mine, that ilfes from the Palatinate decendants
Penn is entitled to royalties out of ft. of the distressed Swiss immigrated
James Logan in the same book In to America and settled in Lancaster
a letter to Penn found p 316 says at County In the year 1709 and he cites
p. 319, that he hopes Colonel Evans I Benjamin Eby's Geschlchten der
is acting honorably about the mines 'I Mennoniten, p. 161 as his authority.
and that he believes that there Is no He further says that from publlc
real discovery of any value made yet, documents and private papers In the
though it is expected that there will I possession of Abram Meylln and
be most any day. He further adds I others residing in W. Lampeter town-
that Louis Mitchell, the Swiss is gone 'I ship, we may confidentially state
over to treat with the Crown of Eng- I that the Mennonites commenced a
land for a tract for his countrymen, i settlement in 1709-10 at the place
and that settlement is the pretense I where the Herrs and MeyHns now
but that miners are the real thing reside near Willow Street. On p. 466
Mitchell Is interested in, and that it Rupp says, in 1709 several famllfes
must be guarded against until this is 1 from the Palatines settled on Pequea
Digitized by Coogle
Creek. He then mentionB a list of I queen having come to Philadelphia,
preacherB that these PalatineB but we wilr Bhow this later.
brought forth and Baid that they lill! 1710 - The GOl'ernor Asks Larger
preached German. Present for the Conestogas Than
However, the most authentic docu- the Assembly Proposed.
ment I can flnd iB a letter dated the In Vol 2 of the Votes of AsBembly,
20th of July, 1711 by Jacob Taylor p. 42 it iB Bet forth that "James La-
among the Taylor paperB in the HIB- I gan came again to the HouBe In a
torical Society, No. 2769, in which! meBBage from the Governor, and ac-
he BaYB, "Bix or seven famlUeB of I quainted the AsBembly, 'That the
PalatineB are Bettled at Pequea and i Governor ordered him to give a re-
more deBlre to go there next win- 'lation of the several mesBages sent to
ter." the Indians at Sasquehanna; which
This letter waB written the mid- he did; and further Informed the
dIe of 1711 and it may be taken for HouBe, that the Governor'B IndlBpoBI-
granted that the six or seven fami- tiOD obstructed hlB going up to Con-
lies were at Pequea some time and estoga, to vlBit the. IndlanB, as he in-
likely arrived about 1709. But of I tended; therefore preBt that the
courBe white people were in this I HouBe will consider of a present for
country among theBe Indians Bever- them; to the value . .of Twentyflve
al yearB before the settlementB be- Pounds.'
gan. This, then is the year which Which relation being debated and
announced the fate of the IndianB of conBidered, Resolved that although
this section by. reason of the coming the account given by the said James
of the whlteB. It IB intereBtlng to Logan concerning the said messages,
know that next year will be the two is not BatiBfactory to thlB House, yet
hundreth anniversary of this event. in regard the chief of theBe IndianB
1710 - The Queen of the Conestoras are come to town, if any will credit
the public with goods that will sult
Goes to Philadelphia. the IndlanB, to the value of twenty-
In the 2nd Vol. of WatBon's Ann- flve POUDljS, (being the Bum propoBed
als, p. 178, he states that, "On the by the Baid James Logan. as sumcient
21st of Septemher. 17th the Queen of for presents for them at thiB time),
the ConeBtoga Indians, Ojuncho, and the same shall be repaid out of the
two chiefB and Bome of the ConoYB public money that shall be raised."
visited Philadelphia and laid down At page 43 of the same book It ap-
before the Councll flve bundles of pears that the question of giving 25
BklnB and furs. making at the gift of Pounds in PreBents to theBe Indians
each a speech." He saYB alBo that was very warmly dlscused.
"the belt from the Conestoga Indians 171O-The Conesto as Reeeked ]I
prayed thus. 'Bent from the chlldren I g Y
born and thoBe yet In the womb, I sterIous Belt of Wampum.
that room might be allowed them to In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 509.
sport and pliy, without danger of at the bottom of the page it is set
slavery.''' It would Beem that Wat- forth that. "The Governor laid be-
son is wrctng about this aB we Bhall fore the board a letter he had receiv-
see later. in that Colonel French waB ad from the Colonel Ingolsby,
at Conestoga and received the belt wherein was encloBed a paper in
above referred to instead of the old these wordB WilHam Dalbo, one of
Digitized by Coogle
the Justices of the P e a ~ e , In ye I appear and answer unto what should
County of Glocester, salth: that an' be laid to his Charge, and Craved
Indian of his particular acquaintance the advice of the Board In the pre-
who hath been very Intimate with mlses, who came to this resolve, that
him, the said Dalbo, from his chlld- ye said Blzallon should enter Into
hood, acquainted him that there Is a recognizance to the Queen, In five
belt of Wampum come to Cone'8to- hundred pounds, with two sumclent
goe, from Mahquahotonol; that there sureties, In two hundred and fifty
was a tomahawk In red In the belt pounds apiece for the said Bizallon's
and that the French with five nations personal appearance at the next
of Indians were designed for war, sessions of the peace, to be held at
and to fall on BOme of these planta- Phlladelphla for the said County, and
tlons; the Governor also laid before his good behavior himself In the
the board a letter pe had received meantime, 'whlch being done his ef-
from Mr. Yeates, Caleb Pusey and fects to be restored to him, paying
Thomas Powel, dated this day, pur- ye cost of seizure."
porting that tomorrow there was to The suspicious and dlsturbable
be a great concourse of Indians those matters sets forth In these last two
of Conestogoe and those of Jersey; Items made the vlalt to Conestoga by
that they were of opinion that It the Governor a necessity; and he
might ~ e a seasonable opportunity for made such visits as we shall see In
the Governor to visit them altogeth- the next Item.
er the meeting being the greatest 1710- Governor Gookin's Visit to the
that has ever been known these 20
years, and It Is to be about two mlles Conestogas and Shawanese.
from John Warraw's, at Edgmond. It . In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 510
Is the opinion of the Board that the It Is set forth that "The Governor
Governor with some of the Councll, acq,ualnted the Board that upon his
and as many others as can be got, I arrival at New Castle last week, he
should go tomorrow to meet the said I was Informed that Opes sa, one of
Indians, to Inquire further of them the Shawannah chiefs, had been there
about the said belt of wampum and four days; that he went away in the
what else may be thought neces- night, nor could he hear what he
sary." came about, that he had been with
1710-BlzaIlon, the Indian Trader some of the Delaware Indians, who
About Conestoga. Acts Sus- resolve, (as It Is said) not to plant
corn this year; That Mr." Garland has
plclously. lately shown a belt of wampum, sent
In the book and at the page last by the Five Nations by Indian Harry,
mentioned It is stated that,' "The with this further message, that as
Governor' acquainted the Board that soon as the bark ran, they would be
he has been Informed one Peter Biz- with them at Conestogoe, with sixty
alion, a French man and Roman men and make a speech;, that he was
Catholic, a trader amongst the In- informed at BrandYWine, that an old
dlans at Conestogoe has lately spok- Indian woman said, (as it was Inter-
en some suspicious words, and com- preted) that their great 'men had
mltted some misdemeanors, where- ugly talk among them, and that they
upon he has caused his effects to be had left none but her and her hus-
seized, the better to oblige him to hand to plant corn. The Board tak-
Digitized by Coogle
ing the premises into consideration,: that in addition to the Governor's
are of the opinion (be the report, visi' about the beginning of May,this
true or false) that it may be conven- ,year, the two messengers French
ient for the Governor to make a and Worley were sent to Conestoga
journey to Conestoga (he not having: where they arrived on June 8th, 1710,
been among the Indians since his ar- I and entered into proceedings with
rin\) , to inform himself of the truth' these Indians, of which the follow-
of these reports, and for the keeping: ing is a verbatim report made by
up of a good understanding and Cor- ; Worley found at p. 511, as I have
respondence twixt us and the In-: just said:
dians, and that some of the Council "At Conestoga June 8, 1710.
wait upon him thither.... ;. Present: Henry Worley and
And at the top of p. 511 of the i John French.
same book it is set forth that "The I Iwaagenst Terrutawanaren, and
Governor acquainted the Board that: Teonnotteln, chiefs of the Tuscaror-
upon his arrival at Conestoga, he ices, Vlv1l1ty, the Seneques kings, and
found the Indians very well Inclined i four chiefs more of that nation, with
to the English, and to the Proprie-: Opessa ye Shawanois King.
tary and this Government In parU- : The Indians were told that ac-
cular; but that had complained to I cording to their requests we were
him that several persons make it i come from the Governor and Govern-
their business to waylay their : ment, to hear what proposals they
young men returning from hunting,: had to make anent a peape, accord-
making them drunk with rum, and ling to the purpose of their embassy
then cheat them of their skins, and: from their own people.
that If some method be not taken to They signified to us by a belt of
prevent it they must be forced to Wampum, which was sent from their
remove themselves or starve, their old women, that those implored their
dependence being entirely upon their friendship of the Christians and In-
peltry; whereupon it is thought dians of this Government, that with-
proper that such Indian traders as out danger they might fetch wood
are foreigners' being admitted and and water .
licensed by the Governor, shall come The second belt was sent from
under such regulations as th!\ Gov- their children born, and those yet in
ernor and Councn from time to time the womb, requesting that room to
shall direct and apPoint." sport and play without danger of
In this we are told of the Governor slavery might be allowed them.
visiting the 'Conestogas and Shaw- The third belt was sent by their
nese and we can readily see the lm- men fit to hunt, that privilege
portance of what transpired. to leave their towns, and seek pro-
171O-Colonel French and Benl'J vision for their aged, might be grant-
ed to them without fear of death or
Worley Carl'J a Message to
slavery.
the Conestogas.
The fourth was sent from the men
In the book and at the page last of age, requesting that the word by
mentioned we are given further In- a happy peace was sent from the
formation of the unsettled condition men of age requesting that the
of the Indians on the Susquehanna, i wood by a happy peace, might be as
and Pequea from the fact: safe from them as their forts.
Digitized by Coogle
The fifth was sent from the whole I to this, of their good behavior, and
nation. requesting peace, that there-I then they might be assured of a
by they might have Uberty to visit favorable reception.
their neighbors. The Seneques return their hearty
The sixth was sent from thelr thanks to this GQvernment for their
Kings and chiefs, desiring a lasting trouble in sending to. them, and ac-
peace with the Christians and In- quainted us by advice of a Councn
diains of this Government that there- amongst them it was determined to
by they might be secured against send these Belts, brought by the Tus-
those fearful apprehensions they caroroes, to the Five Nations.
have these several years felt. May it please your Honor.
The seventh was sent In order to Pursuant of your Honors, and
intreat a cessation from reducing Councll's orders, we went to Cones-
and taking them, that by the allow- togoe, where the forewrltten con-
ance thereof, they may not be afraid tents were by the chiefs of the Tus-
of a mouse, or anything that rumes caroroes to us delivered; the sincer-
the leaves. ityof their Intentions we can not any-
The eighth was sent to declare, wise doubt, since they are of the
that as being hitherto strangers to same race and language with our
this place, they are blind, no path Seneques who have always proved
or communication being betwixt us trusty have also for these many
and them; but now they hope that we years been neighbors to a Govern-
wlll take by the hand ar.d lead I ment jealous of Indians, and yet not
them, and then they will Uft up their I displeased with them; Wishing your
heads In the woods without danger I Honor all happiness, we remain.
or fear. Your Honor's. Most humble and
These belts (they are only ObUged Servants, .
sent as an Introduction. and In or-! JOHN FRENCH,
der to break of hostlllties till next I HENRY WORLEY."
Spring, for then their King"" wlll "Journey to Conestogo. DR.
come and sue for the peace they so
h d i
. Pds. s. d.
muc es reo I 4
We acquainted them as most of 12
this continent were the subjects of To Rum, 1 10 0
the Crown of England, though divl- To Sugar. 0 15 0
ded Into several Governments; so it To two Men's hire
is expected that their intentions are For Baggage, 4 0 0
To .Tohn 1 4 0
not only peaceable towards us, but '
also to all the subjects of the Crown 8 5 2"
and that if they intend to settle and In this item Is set forth the belt
live amiably here, they need not, that the old woman of the Conestogas
doubt the protection of this Govern- gave to French on which Watson
ment in such thlnp as were honest seems' to be somewhat confused. This
and good but that to confirm the sln- item Is of hnportance because
cerity of their past carriage towards the business that was done at Cones-
the English, and to raise in us a toga by these messengers was really
good opinion of them. it would be a confirmation of many forms of
very necessary to procure a certifi- treaties. It also serves to show the
cate from the G'Overnment they leave, exact state of the relations exJ.stlng
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 204
between these Indians and the 'I to the degree of their virtue: and on
at this time, and the questions which the other hand that those who be-
were agitating them. have wlcketly. here, will undergo such
l'aO-The Conestoga Indians Repl, punishment hereafter as are propor-
to S dI
h S tlnate to the crimes they were guilty
. a we s ermon. of. This hath been contstantly and
In Mombert's History of Lancaster I Invariably received and acknowledg-
County p. 16, .in a note the following ed for a truth, through every succes-
appears: slve generation of our ancestors. It
"In or about the year of our Lord, could not have taken Its rise from
1710, a Swedish Missionary preached fables for human fictions however
a sermon at an Indian treaty held at artfully and plausibly contrived can
Conestoga in Pennsylvania; In which never again gain credit long, among
sermon is set forth original sin, the any people, where free equity is al-
necessity of a mediator; and endea- lowed: which' was never denied by
vored by certain arguments to in- our ancestors; who, on the contrary,
duce the Indians to embrace' the I thought It the sacred Inviolable, na-
Christian religion. After he had end- tural right of every man to examine
ed his discourse, one of the Indian and judge for himself. Therefore we
chiefs made a speech in reply to the think it evident that our notion,
sermon; and the discourses on both concerning future rewards and pun-
sides were made known by Interpre- ishments, was either revealed Imme-
ters. The Missionary upon his re- diately from heaven to some of our
turn to Sweden, published his ser- forefathers, and from them descended
mon, and the Indian's answer. Hav- to us, or, that it was implanted in
ing written them in Latin he dedi- each of us, at our creation, by the
cated them to the University of Up- Creator of all things. Whatever the
sala, and requested them to furnish methods might have been, whereby
him with arguments, to confute such God hath been pleased to make
strong reasonings of the Indians. The .known to us hii! wtll, and give us a
Indian speech translated from the knowledge of our duty, it is still in
LaUn is as foltows: our sense, a divine revelation.
'A speech delivered by an Indian "Now we desire to propose to him
Chief, in reply to a sermon, preach- some few questions: Does he believe
ed by a Swedish Missionary, in order that our forefathers, men eminent for
to convert the Indians to the Chris- their piety, constant and warm In
Uan religion: the pursuit of virtue, hoping thereby
Since the subject of his (the Mls- to merit everlasting happiness, were
sionary's) errand is to pursuade us all damned? Does he think that we,
to embrace a new doctrine perhaps who are their zealous imitators, in
it may not be amiss, before we offer good works, and influenced by the
him the reasons why we can not same Motives as they were, earnest-
comply with his request, to acquaint ly endeavoring, with the greatest cir-
him with the grounds and prinCiples cumspectlon, to tread the paths of in-
of that religion, which he would tegrlty, are in a stat!) of damnation?
have us abandon. If these be his sentiments, they are
Our forefathers were under a surely as impious as they are bold
strong persuasion, as we are, that I and daring.
those who act well, in this 11fe, shall In the next place we beg, that he
be rewarded In the next, according would explain himself more parti-
Digitized by Coogle
205 A.,,\NALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNPCKS A.'i'D
cularly concerning the revelation he ~ have the writings; they can not pos-
talks of. If he admits no other than slbly regard us. Had the Almighty
what Is contained In his written thought so much knowledge neces-
book, the contrary Is evident from sary to our salvation his goodness
what has shewn before: but, If he would not long have deferred the
says God has revealed himself unto communication of It to us, and to say
us, but not sumclent for our salva- that It Is a matter so necessary, he
tion; then we ask, to what purpose could not. at one and the same time.
should he have revealed himself to equally reveal himself to all man-
us in anywise? It is clear that a re- kind, In nothing less than an absolute
velation inBumclent to save, can not denial of his omnipotence. Without
)Jut us In a better condition than we doubt, he can make his will manifest
should be In without any revelation without the help of any book or the
at all. We can not conceive that assistance of any bookish man what-
God should point out to us the end ever.
we ought to aim at, without opening We shall, In the next place. con-
to us the way to arrive at the end. sider the arguments which arise
But, supposing our understandings from a consideration of Providence.
to be so far lIlumlnated as to know If we were the work of God (which
it to be our duty to please God, who I presume will not be denied), It fol-
yet hath left us under an Incapacity lows from thence that we are under
of doing It, wlll this Missionary '\ the protection and care of God, for it
therefore, conclude that we shall be can not be supposed that the Deity
eternally damned? Will he take up-, should abandon his own creatures
on him to pronounce damnation up-I and be utterly regardless of their
on or against us, for not doing those welfare. Then, to say that the AI-
things which he himself aCknowl-1 mighty has permitted us to remain
edges were Impossible by us to be In a fatal error through so many
done. It Is our opinion. that every I ages, is to represent him as a tyrant.
man is possessed of sumcient knowl-
1
How is it consistent with his justice
edge for his salvation. The AI- to force Ufe upon a race of mortals.
mighty for anything we know, may without their consent, and then dam
have communicated the knowledge of them eternally, without ever opening
himself to a di1ferent race of people, to them a door of salvation? Our
in a difl'erent manner. conceptions of the gracious God are
Some say they have the wlll of more noble; and we think that those
God in writing; be it so; their revel- who teach otherwise do little less
aUon has no advantage above ours than blaspheme. Again, It Is through
since both must be equally sumcient the care and goodness of the Al-
to save; otherwise the end of the re- mighty, that from the beginning of
velation would be frustrated. Be- time, through many generations to
sides If they be both true they must this day, our name has been preser-
be the same in substance; and the ved, unblotted out by enemies, un-
di1ference can only lie in the mode reduced to nothing. By the same
of communication. He tells us there care we now enjoy our lives; are
are many precepts, In his written re-I furnished with the necessary means
velation which we are entirely Ignor- of preserving our lives. But a\1 these
ant of. But these written demands I things are trifling, compared with
can only be designed for those wlu> our salvation.
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER INDIAN TRIBES 206
Therefore, since God hath been so I tend much to the preservation of
careful with us, in matters of little I the subject. The board having taken
consequence, it would be absurd to the premiseB into consideration are
amrm that he has neglected UB, in of the opinion, that it iB abBolutely
caBeB of the greateBt importance. Ad- necessary that the Governor, with as
mit that he hath forBaken UB, yet it many as can be got to attend him
could not have been without a JUBt go to Conestoga to meet the Indians,
cause. Let us suppose that an hei- and inform himself of the cause of
nous crime waB committed by one of their meeting."
our ancestors, like to that which In this item we see that Conestoga
we are told happened among another was now to be the scene of a great
race of people; in such case, God I meeting of Chiefs. The headB of all
would certainly punish the criminal, the Indian tribes were about to gath-
but would never involve us, who are. er there; and thiB was to be the
innocent, in his guilt. Those who great Indian Councll of the year. I
think otherwise must make the AI- am unable to find whether the Coun-
mighty a very whimBical illmatured cll as intended met and perhapB we
being. Once more are the Christiims Bhall see later on, what became of
more virtuouB. or rather are not the action. The importance of Con-
they more vicious than we are? If estoga is however Bhown in this.
so, how came it to paSB that they are tHO-The Queen of the Conestogas
the objectB of God's beneficence, and Some of the Conoys at
we are neglected? Does the I Phlladelphta.
DIety confer hiB favorB without rea; I At a Councll meeting held on the
son, and with BO much partiality. 1
21
of September, 1710, aB it iB re-
In a word, we find the ChristianB corded in 2 Col. Rec., p. 516, and
much more deP.raved, in their moralB Btated, "The Queen of the ConeBtoga
than ourselves, and we judge of I Indians Ojuncho and two chiefs
doctrine by the badnesB of our liveB." more, Bome the ConoiB In-
t71O--Most of the Indian Chiefs of I dians, laid down before the Councll
the Continent Expected to four bundleB of Bkins and furs, and
II at the delivery of the first bundle,
Meet at Conestoga. the said, (aB waB interpreted) that
In Vol. 2 of the Col, Rec., p.
513
1 they had given the Governor notice
at a Councll held the 2nd of July, I of their intentions of coming hither
thiB year, "The Governor laid be- the laBt time he was at Conestogo,
fore the Board an Express he had that they were now come, and do
received laBt night from Colonel present him with that bundle to
French, purporting that in three make him a cover for hiB table to be
days the ChiefB of the SenequeB would used in the same manner aB the Car-
be at ConeBtoga, and with them the pet, th/ln spread upon the Councll's
ChiefB of the Indians of most part of table.
the Continent and also some of the Upon their presenting the second
Gentlemen 0 f the Maryland, and bundle, they said it was in remem-
that the Governor's presence there brance, and as an acknowledgment
waB expected; what the design of the for the gunpowder and lead preBent-
Congress might be was not certain, ed to them here the last year, for
but was told it was of great conse- which they were very thankful.
quence to the Crown, and would Upon their presenting the third
Digitized by Coogle
bundle, they said it was as a token I connected with the Conestoga In-
of their good will and friendship, dian Treaties are set forth in the
and that they shall ever remember I same book and page as follows: An
and observe the Governor's advice to I account of Thomas Masters for wine
them last year, to live peaceably furnished the Governor on his jour-
with one another, which they will al- ney to Conestoga to the value of 26s,
ways endeavor. was allowed and also a note from
Upon their presenting the fourth, Henry Worley requesting pay for
they said it was in remembrance of his services of going to Conestoga
the advice that was heretofore. given I on a message to the Indians last
them not to be too credulous of re- June, was read and he was allowed
ports, they being generally false and three pounds.
spread abroad by ill men, that for 1711- Iore Palatines Now Settle
their parts they would believe no re- Among the Conestoga Indians.
ports against us, and hoped we In Vol. 19 of the Penna. Archives,
would believe no ill reports of them. p. 672 it Is set forth that Thomas
Whereupon the Governor replied Story having a right from the Pro-
that he was glad to see them and I
th k d th f th i kl d I prletor for 1000 acres of land in the
an e em or ern pre- manner / of Highlands has instead
sent and cautioned them not to be- taken up the same quantity near the
lieve Hes and stories that now too I settlement of the Palatines near Con-
commonly spread abroad for mls- I
chief b m men and that If an _I estoga, for which the Commissioners
y, y granted a patent. But It appears
thing happened extraordinary they, that he re-conveyed them and took
should have notice by a messenger up some land in lieu of It, which he
on purpose, and desired the like
f th th i b th d proposed to purchase, and he agrees
rom em as e r ro ers, an to give the same price that the Pal-
being ordered to attend tomorrow in, atines did at the same time the
the afternoon they withdrew.
O d d th t M Hill M N i
tract was taken up by the Palatines
r ere a r. ,r. orr s,
and Mr. Preston, dispose of the said which is accordingly granted
presents to the best advantage, and 1711-SJxty Conestoga Indtans Come
provide a suitable return against to-I to Philadelphia.
morrow." More of the prominent In Vol 2 of the Votes of Assembly,
position of Conestoga Is shown In tbis I p. 104, It is stated that "The Speaker
item. Informed the House that during the
Governor's absence and since his
1711-Expeuses of the Conestoga In- last return from New York he had
man Treaties.
In Vol. 2 of the Votes of Assembly,
p. 92, it is set forth that John French
accounts of his several journeys to
Conestoga and the expenses therein
at the intance of the late Governor,
amounting to 119 Pounds, 19s and
10d, was read, and some of the 60
Pounds of new currency was allow-
ed to the said John French.
Several other items of expense
received and entertained upwards of
60 Cons toga Indians who came to
treat with the Governor about the
intended expedition against the
French and the Northern Indians of
Canada by which he had disbursed
at least twenty Pounds, and been at
much trouble; therefore desired that
the same might be reimbursed him
out of the Provincial stock.
Resolved, N. C. D. That If the Gov-
,
Digitized by Coogle
ernor concurs with this House here- I "At Conestoga, Jun 18, 1711.
in, the sum of twenty Pounds shall PRESENT:
be paid him by the Public Treasurer The Honorable CHAS. GOOKIN. Esq.
out of the Provincial stock, after Ltt. Govr.
all payments, ordered by the three re- Joseph Growdon,
solves of Assembly, made of the tIfth Richard Hill,
month, 1710, are discharged, and that Gri1lJ.th Owen,
the clerk draw an order on Samuel Caleb Pusey, Esqrs.
Carpenter, public Treasurer, for pay- A present of 50 Ibs. of powder, 1
ment thereof accordingly; which was piece of Stroudwater, 1 piece of Duf-
done, and signed by the speaker, to tIls, 100 pounds of shott; being laid
be presented to the Governor for upon the tIoor, the Governor (by In-
his concurrence, and then the House dian Harry the Interpreter), thus
adjourned until seven o'clock tomor- spoke:
row morning." Governor Penn upon all occasions
No comment need be made on this is wilUng to show how great a re-
item particularly except to call the gard he bears to you therefore has
reader's attention to the fact that the sent this small present (a forerun-
Conestoga Indians were frequently ner of a greater to come next
at Philadelphia. Spring), to you and hath required me
1711 -. Governor Gokln Makes An-I to acquaint you that he is about to
th T t Ith th C settle some people upon the branch-
o er rea f w cones- es of Potowmac, and doubts not but
toga Indians and Others. I the same mutual friendship which
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Ree., p. 532, has all along as brothers, past be-
at the top of the page it is stated twixt the inhabitants of the G'Overn-
that, "At a council held the 4th of
June, the Governor desired the
opinion of the Council as to his go-
ing to Conestoga, because Colonel
French knew nothing of the new
matters on which a treaty was to be
made and the Council desired that
the Governor and some of his Coun-
cil should go; and on the 11th of
June t h ~ Governor acquainted the
Council that he is now ready to
start to Conestoga, if they still
think that Bezalion's message is of
such importance as to require him
to go, it being so very hot now. And
the board decided that as the In-
dians expected him, he should go.
The Governor accordingly went to
Conestoga and held a Council with
the Indians at Conestoga on the 18th
of June, which he reported to Phila-
delphia on the 23rd of June, as fol-
lows, (p. 533):-
ment and you, w1ll also continue be-
twixt you and those he is about to
settle; he intends to present tIve
belts of wampum to the tIve nations,
and one to you at Conestoga, and re-
quires your friendship to the Pal-
atines settled near Pequea.
To which they answer:
That they are extremely well
pleased with the Governor's speech,
but as they are at present at war
with the Tuscaroroes and other In-
dians they think that place not safe'
for Christians, and are afraid that if
any damage should happen to these
the blame will be laid upon them,
that settlement being situated betwixt
them and those at War with them.
As to the Palatines they are in their
opinion safely seated, but earnestly
desire that the death of Letore may
now be adjusted, for they shall not
think themselves safe until it is.
18th. Tuesday about twelve
Digitized by Coogle
209
A..:.'lNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
The Senequois and the Shawanols: out some of his people, either to
met the Governor and Council. Ope-! bring back or kill Francis de Ie Tore
ssah, Chief of the Shawnois, by Mar- : and his Company. Opessa, he af-
tin Chartier, Interpreter, thus spoke: I flrms he was entirely Innocent, for
Were it Impossible for us, by pre- that John Hans came to his cabin
sents or any other way, to atone for when he and his young people (who
the lives of those young men our were then going hunting) were in
people unadvisedly slew we would Council, told them that some of his
be partly willing to make satisfac- slaves and dogs (meaning La Tore
tlon, and such a condescension would and Company) were fled, therefore
be forever greatly remembered I desired him forthwith to Bend some
and more nearly engage us and for I of his people to bring them back or
the future render UB more careful.: kill them. and take goods for their
The uneasiness we had on that ac-' trouble, a t which motion Opessa
count was such, that we could not surprised, told him that he ought by
sleep until the last time the Gover- no means discourse, after that man-
nor and his people were up here, at ,ner before young people who were
which time we had some hopes given ' gone to the woods, and might by ac-
us of adjusting that matter, since the I ciden! meet these people and there-
murderers are all dead except one, I fore ordered him to desist, utterly
who Is gone to Messasippl. ; denying his request.
To which the Governor answered:
That the Laws of England were
such, that whosoever kllled a man
must run the Bame fate, yet consid-
ering the previous circumstances to
that murder, the length of time
since the accon., the distance of
place were acted from the Govern-
ment, and before coming here, and
the persons all save one, (who Is
absconded) since his deed, I am
willing to forbear further prosecu-
tion on enquiry into It, but withal
caution you that if any such thing
hereafter fall out, you may be assur-
ed I shall as well know how to do
Justice as I have now shewed mercy
for which they return the Governor
their hearty thanks, and Opessah
assures that if hereafter if any such
thing happen, he himself will be
executioner and burn them that
should dare to do it.
The Senequols acquaint:
That Opessa being therefor solicit-
ed by John Hans Steelman, had sent
The Senequols also acquainted the
Governor that Le Tort had taken a
boy from them and sold him at New
York and requested that the Gover-
nor would enquire after him, that
they might have him again."
Penn In England having learned of
the stealing of this boy wrote to the
Susquehanna Indians the following
letter,whlch may be found In Vol. 12
of the Pennsylvania Archives, p.
280:
My Good Friends:
The people of New York have
again wrote earnestly to me about
those Indian prisoners taken by
you, especially the woman and boy
saying that they bought them fairly
of the Governor of Carolina who sold
them for slaves and they being my
good friends and neighbors, and all
under the same king, I must there-
fore desire you to deliver the said
woman and boy to the bearer hereof
Silvester, who will carefully carry
them to New Castle and there put
them on board a vessel from thence
directly to New York, and by so do-
Digitized by Coogle
ing you will geatly oblige. i 1711 - Colonel French Send8 in His
Your very good friend and brother, Expen8e Account of the Con.
WM. PENN." e8toga Treaty.
This treaty of 1711 is referred to In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 529,
by Governor Keith, who himself in February, 1711, Colonel French
made a treaty with the Conestogas gives in the following account of the
In 1720; and he says, "About nine or expenses of his treaty:
ten years ago a considerable num- ColI. French's account of his
ber of the Five Nations, not less Journey to Conestoga, etc., were read
than fifty came to Conestoga and a and considered, and 147 Pounds, 6s.,
meeting with Governor Gookin late 10d, allowed to him, saving the de-
of this Province and several of his ductions following: viz: for horse
Council, Colonel Dongan's purchase hire and baggage men In July 1707,
was mentioned to them and they charged In Governor Evans' account
were fully satisfied," (3 Col. Rec., p. and paid him 5 Pounds; for six
101). Pounds paid by the present Gover-
All this goes to throw light upon nor to the baggage men in July,
this great treaty of 1711 and shows 1710, charged in ColI. French's ac-
us that confirmation of the land pur- count, in all deducted 27 Pounds, 7s;
chase on Susquehanna was one of so there remains due to ColI. French.
Its objects. All the purposes of the and which Is allowed by the board,
treaty however, are plainly set forth 119, 19, 10.
In the treaty Itself. The Governor's account of dis-
bursements and charges on his
1711-1I0re Patatlnes. (lIennonite8) Journey to Conestoga, In July, 1710,
Settle Amollg the Conestogas. to treat with the Five Nations,
In the Item which we have just amounts to 8 Pounds, and lOs,
stated It will be observed that the which Is allowed by the Council.
following sentence, which the In- The supply bill was now again
dlans say In regard to the Palatines, I read and sent to ye house with
occurs, "As to the Palatines, they I amendments aMxed to It."
are In their opinion safely seated." This shows us something of the
I merely make this a separate Item kind of equipment 'that was neces-
to show that the whites were now sary to be taken into the Conestoga
mixing and settling among the In- treaties to perfect a treaty.
dlans and in their neighborhood. As
the question came up whether the
whites would be safe there if the In-
dians got into war with other tribes.
It Is here stated by the Indians that
these whites would be safe.
Mombert in his History, p. 26 tells
us, "That as early as 1711 there
were Palatines settled near Pequea,
who were prominently admitted Into
the friendship of the neighboring
tribes." We have no doubt that this
-Is directly quoted from the Colonial
Records as we have just cited It.
1'ill-The Governor Orders the Con.
e8toga Chief8 to Come' to
CounciL
In Vol. 2 of the Colonial Records,.
p. 537 on the first of August, this
year, "The Governor sent for Indian
Harry, and ordered him to fetch
some of ye chiefs of the Indians, who
were come down with a design to go
to Canada. He brought six of them,
and the Governor asked them by
Harry the Interpreter, how many
there were intended for Canada.
Digitized by Coogle
211 A. .... NALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS
They answered about 5 or 6 and that they thought it would be pro-
Twenty. It was askt them why they per to stop at Philadelphia and show
did not make the bent of their way the Governor these belts, together
to the Five Nations, pursuant to with their Indian pipe or calamet
Coli. Hunter's letter to, them. with a stone head, wooden cane or
They replied that ColI. French would shatt and feathers llxt to it like
have had them come by way of New wings, with other ornaments. They
Castle, and promised to go along said that the Five Nations had given
with them, but New Castle being out them this pipe, that they were com-
of their way, they came to Phlladel- pelled to sbow it when they came
phia and expected him there. It was among the Five Nations to be known
asked them whether they apprehend- as friends. They then proceeded to
ed they were come here at the Gov- I explain each of the thirty-two belts
ernor's request, or upon Coli. Hunt- of wampum, and tell who made it
er's letter to. them, as being under and for what it was for. Besides
covenants, with the five nations to these 32 belts they showed two more,
go to war, when they required them; one that had been given by Penn
they answered they came in obedi- when he was here and the other that
ence to Coli. Hunter's letter, but was since sent by Colonel Evans to
they expected Coli. French to go Conestoga, which they are also to
with them. They were told that I carry with them. But they desire to
Coli. French might have luch a de- know from the Governor, now, what
sign, but he was off of it, and asked! was intended by them. The Governor
them whether they would go to Bur- : asked them why they waited 11
lIngton by land or water, where I years to ask about this belt that Wm.
they would have company enough of Penn gave them, and they said that
the forces raised there to go along the lllan that was to carry it died
with them, to which they said they soon after they got it and that that
would further consider amongst
was the reason. Further it appears
themselves."
The importance of Conestoga is
here again plainly shown.
171!!-The Delawares Show a Belt of
Wampum Sent to Conestoga.
In Vol. 2 of the Colonial Rec., p.
546 there is an account of Council
of a treaty held at Edward Farmer's
House with the Delaware Indians.
It wlll be remembered that the Dela-
wares moved to the Susquehanna as
we have shown before. These Dela-
ware Indians had thirty-two belts of
wampum and they were on their
in this treaty that they had several
bundles and skins and that they
made presents to the Councll and al-
so held a treaty and at this treaty
it is stated that they received pre-
sents from the wbites and "these
presents being kindly accepted, fill-
ing their or long winged
pipe with tobacco and lighting It.
they presented it so lighted to the
Governor and each of the Council,
etc.. to smoak a few blasts of it as
a token of the greatest friendship
that could be shown.
way to pay tribute to the Five Na- C
tions of New York. In making their 1712-Another Body of onestoga
Indians Come to the CounciL
speech to the Governor they declared i
that many years ago they were made I In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 553 it
tributary to the Five Nations and I it stated that at a Councll held on
were now about to visit them; and I the 23rd of July of that year, "sev-o
Digitized by Coogle
eral Indians being arrived some I themselves worse dealt by than
days ago from Conestogo, on busi- ever, they received less for the
ness of importance, (as they said),1 goods that they sold to the .traders,
and having waited eight days for I were worse treated and suffered
their Interpreter, they at length met I more injuries, which they desired
the Council this day; Tagodrancyor. the Council would inquire into, and
Civility, a War Captain and Chief,l know why it was so, and cause it to
with Tanyahtlckahungh, the old be redressed.
Speaker, Knawonhunt, and soach-i They presented a fifth bundle, and
koat, two Brothers, and some others I said, that the Cattle the traders kept
being sate, they first presented a hurt and destroyed their corn; Civll-
bundle of deer skins, and by Indian Ity gave an account of his coming
Harry their Interpreter, said: That with divers of their people, in a
the Proprietor, Governor Penn had friendly visit to the old French
at his first coming amongst them women. M. L.Tort's house; that with-
made an agreement with them that out any provocation she turned them
they should always llve as friends out of doors, and that upon their
and Brothers, and be as one body, expostulating upon it, she told them
one heart, one mind, and as one eye that the house was her own, thatthe
and ear; that what the one saw the land was hers, for she had bought it
other should see, and what the one of Governor Penn, and proceeded to
heard . the other should hear and I insult them very rudely; they there-
that there should be nothing but love fore desired to know whether this
and friendship between them and us was so or not, and whether she had
forever. I any authority to act in such a man-
They presented a small bundle Of. nero
furs, and said that on their part I They were told by the board that
they had always kept up this agree- the Council were much troubled to
ment and should constantly observe find they had occasion to complain,
it in all respects, that if anything but they were desired to use such a
came to their knowledge relating to freedom with us as became brothers,
us they would always like brothers and not receive anything, but lay all
and friends acquaint us with it, and their grievances before us, whoever
if at any time any foreigners or the persons offending might be, and
strangers came among them they it should all be considered and an-
would, (as they had always done) swered together.
give notice of it immediately to They proceeded to complain of M.
Philadelphia, and in all things would Letort, and particularly the old
acquit themselves accordingly to Queen Conguegoes representing that
what they had promised and en gag- the said M. Letort did them great dam-
ed. They presented two bundles of ages by keeping of hogs, and that at
skins together, and Bald that on our twice she turned them into the
part we had promised them to regu- Queen's com in her own sight.
late the trade that was carried on They said that they had often
with them at Conestoga, and had taken horses out of their fields and
spoke of llcenses to be given to the taken them to the owners; that some-
traders, by which means all abuses I times they would not acknowledge
them to be theirs, but that when
were to be re.ctified. But that since damages were done by any, all the
Licenses were granted they found traders would deny that those
Digitized by Coogle
213
AXNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
horses did belong to any of them that I 3
did it; upon which one of them they:
said resolved to take a method to: 3
find to whom one particular horse
belonged, for having taken him out
foxes at 18d each, 6-
Racoons, at 6s each
beavers at 5s and one
Dressed Doe at3-6
The whole amounting at
the highest computa-
10 6
18 6
of his corn three several times, he at
last shott him, that the owner meet-
Ing with the loss might be discover- tion to ............ 7 Pds. 01 0
ed by his complaints. .
They added that one Sheerwill had
lived amongst them for two years
without planting any corn; that not-
withstanding he had still enough.
furnishing himself by stealth; and
that he had sometimes been taken In
the fact but that he had now left the
And it Is ordered that another
should be provided to return to
them. viz:
6 Stroudwater Matchcoats.
6 Dumls.
6 White Shirts.
50 Ibs. of powder.
1 cwt. of Lead, besides a stroud-
place. water and a shirt to Harry the In-
They are told that all these mat- dian Interpreter, and two small
tel'S should be Inquired into. consld- shirts to two of his children. and
ered and answered altogether in the then adjourned until tomorrow at 3
morning. In the afternoon."
They desired that they might be This again shows the dlmcultles
acquainted with what news we had under which the Conestoga Indians
either from New York relating to the labored and the questions of Import-
Indians, or from other places; and ance that were constantly rising
some time being spent on these sev- from that section.
eral subjects, they are told they On p. 555 of the same book it is
might withdraw which they did ac- stated the next day. "The Board tak-
cordlngly, and the Council entering Ing Into consideration the com-
into the conslderfation of what had plaints made by the Indians, they
been delivered. It was resolved, thought fit to order, that the traders
that these Injuries requiring an Im- whose cattle had done damage to the
mediate redress, care should be Indians should be forthwith obliged
taken to procure satisfaction to the to make compensation to the satis-
Indians for the losses they had al- faction of the sufferers they left the
ready sustained. and that they should town; and as had been before resol-
be prevented for the future by oblig- ved, that none of them should be suf-
Ing these traders to remove from so fered to live any longer amongst
near a neighborhood to them without I that people, but should at this fall at
any delay. and that none of them fartherest remove to greater dls-
should be suffered to sltt down tance, and not allowed on any terms
among these people; all which was I to keep cattle and other horses than
referred to be further considered to- I what are for their Immediate ser-
morrow. I vice, unless they should live on pur-
The account of their presents chased land.
being taken. they were found to be. I The several other heads spoke to
30 Deer skins, valued at about 3-6d . by the Indians being also conslder-
each, 5 Pds. 5 6 I ed, the Secretary was directed to an-
2 half bears, 7 I swer them from the Board, accord-
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY I ~ D I A N TRIBES 214
Ing to the instructions now agreed: were numerous like the leaves on the
on and giving him, and accordingly I trees, and received all the goods on
the presents yesterday ordered to be the main from Carolina, Virginia,
returned to them being mostly gott etc., and so to Hudson Bay, that
ready, and they themselves called In these goods happened now by their
the Secretary spoke to fully to every plenty to be low In England, and
particular, the heads of which are as English goods high by reason of the
follows: war. That it was owing to these
That the Bond of friendship and causes and not to the traders being
Brotherhood made by the Proprietor obliged to take licenses; that their
William Penn, with their nation, was trade was now so low, (as some ill
so strong, that we doubted not that people who would not subject them-
it would never be broken; that both selves to any orders might suggest
we and they had hitherto inviolably to them), that the reason of grant-
kept it, and we were glad to see I lng licenses .was that none should
them on their parts desirous to I be allowed to trade with them, but
strengthen It and therefore took I such as should give security here to
their presents very kindly. I deal honestly by them, and not in-
That we, on our parts thought this I jure them in any of these points
Bond so strong that it could not be they had formerly complained of;
made 1lrmer by any presents; yet to I that by these means we could at all
shew how acceptable any tokens of I times, by the security they gave
their friendship were to us, and that here, punish them whether present
they might be supplied with some or absent for any disorders they com-
things necessary, In consideration of mltted, and therefore that these 11-
tlH!lr long journey to visit us; we de- censes were of the greatest bene1lt to
sired them to accept what we had the Indians, and that If they were
provided for a return to them, re- any way Injured In trade- they ought
peating what those presents were to complain to us.. That from the
and delivering them all but the security the traders had given, we
shirts which were not yet ready, might oblige to make reparation;
and the provisions to be given them that we were heartily sorry they had
in the morning. That in relation to such occasion of complaint on other
their complaints of trade, they must accounts than those of trade; and
consider that all traders had In view that the traders proved such bad
by buying and selllng, was to gain neighbors that none had ever been
something to It themselves. That allowed by us to settle amongst them
unless they could buy at such a rate but Peter Blzallon and that not only
as that, they could sell the same he but the rest that had done them
goods for somewhat more, so as to damage should forthwith make them
live by the pro1lt, they would lose satisfaction. They were therefore
their labour and none would follow ordered to settle the account of their
it. That all commodities sometimes damages with the persons who had
rose ih price and at other times fell, done them by tomorrow morning,
and that the traders must buy at and were promised that they should
such rates as their buyers could af- be made good to them."
ford. That most of all the skins and This item shows the 1lrmness with
furs bought of the Indians were which the Government of Pennsyl-
sent to England, where the people vanIa dealt with these Conestoga In-
Digitized by Coogle
215 A l " ~ N A L S OF THE SUSQUEHA."NOCKS AND
dians as well as all the other In-I very day, the chief murderers, with
dians. It is noticeable here also as' the greatest part of that nation
shown p. 666 that Peter BezaUon is seated under their protection near
at this time settled among the Con- Susquehanna River, whither they re-
estoga Indians: and also that the mOl'ed them, when they found they
Delaware Indians are now constant- could no longer support them
ly with the Conestogas at their against the force which the English
treaties. brought upon them in these parts.
17tl-Leton Granted a New License During the Tuscourouro war,
to TracIe With the Conestogas
anel Other IncIfans.
about two hundred of your Indians
set upon our Virginia Indian Traders
as they were going to the Southern
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 662 Indians with a caravan of at least
it Is stated that the petition of eighty horses loaded, and after
James Letort was read, praying that kllling one of our people and shot
he may have a license granted to most of their horses they made booty
him to trade with the Indians, etc., of all the goods, declaring their
which being considered, he is ap- reason for so doing was because they
proved on and may have the did not carry their ammunition to
Governor's license accordingly. the Tuscourroroes, and this plunder
According to Vol. 2 of Watson's was so publlckly vended to the
Annals, p. 122 Letort Creek in the northward that it was no secret to
neighborhod of Carlisle was named your people at Albany what a viI-
from James Letort. Letort seems to Uanous part they had been acting
have had this location as a frontier here with the English; and whether
home about 1712.The creek was noted such an action be not at this day an
for its many beaver dams. This is incontestible truth. I dare appeal
a very notable thing because beavers to you yourself, notwithstanding
as a rule did not live in Pennsylva- your Commrs. may be wllling out of
nla but farther northward, except on some publick views, to conceal this
this part of the Schuylkill where the I piece of your Indian Treachery."
beaver towns or dams were quite I From this we see that these Cone-
numerous. I stogas, who of course, were led by
t71!-The Five Nations anel the the Five Nations occasionally made
Conestogas at War With the expedfltlons souUlward to fight the
Indians in Virginia. In a later Item
we will see that the Conestogas very
much lamented this and claimed that
If they did not go, the Five Nations,
their masters, treated them very
cruelly and called them cowards.
Tuscaroroes.
p. 84 the Governor, Spotswood of
Virginia sent a letter to Governor
Keith, complaining of the action of
our Indians about Conestoga, and he
accuses them as follows:
"In the year 1712 and 1713, they
were actually In these parts assisting
the Tuscarouroes, who had massacr-
ed in cold blood some hundreds of the
English and then were warring
against us, and they have at this
t71I-The Shawnese at Peque" Cap-
ture a Catawba Boy.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 23.
at a treaty Iheld at Conestoga about
1717, we are given information that
some years ago the Shawnese had
captured a Catawba boy. The date
Digitized by Coogle
Is not given but I give it as 1712. I Lord. I made some little stay at a
The information we have of this cap- place I had in that province, called
ture is as follows: Longbridge, and then returned to
"The Shawanoise and all the other Philadelphia, where I lodged at the
Indians present were further asked house of my very kind friends,
whether they had any prisoners I)f Richard and Hannah Hill, and was
tht' Catawba Nation, or of any Oillt:I often times at divers neighbouring
nation In friendship with Virginia. meetings, and sometimes had good
The Shawanoise answered that they service therein."
had one prisoner, a young man taken It would seem rather certain from
some years agoe, whom they pro- his having previously visited the
duced; but all the others answered Susquehannas that he sailed entirely
they had none. up to the head of the Bay and went
It was demanded of the Shawanois into the Susquehanna Country on
that this prisoner should be return- this trip. He was very much con-
ed to the Catawbas, from whence he cerning about the christianity of
was taken. Their King or Chief these Indians.
answered that they had taken him I71S-Captaln ClvlUty on a Speelal
several years agoe, when ht;l was but
a little lad; that he had now forgot
his native language, and spoke
theirs, and that they did not think
themselves obliged to return him at
this time.
Message to the Counell.
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p.565 it
is reported at a Council held June 8.
1713, "The Young Indian called
Civility, one of the chiefs of Cone-
Being further prest to it, the stogo, with Harry the Interpreter,
chief answered that if the King of having arrived here two days ago,
the Catawbas, whom he now under- and desired to deliver a mesage from
stood were in league with Virginia, the Nation, the Governor called a
would come hither and make peace I Council thereupon, and being mett,
with him, if it was desired; but that I he presented to the Governor two
the Catawbas were a people of great I small parcells or strings of wam-
extent, and there were many nations I pum, which they said were delivered
under that name. them by certain messengers from
The young man was asked whether the Cayogoes and Onoyootoes, two
he was willing to return, but would of ye Five Nations ,who had been
lately at Conestogo, and desired to
know what was the message that
1713 - Tho mas Chalkley Again I those who came from ye said Nations
Preaehes In the. Susquehan,na I had delivered here last fall; for that
not answer."
Country. they were apprehensive that some of
the Tsanondowans had some III
In Chalkley's work before referred design against us, proposal having
to, under the date of 1713, at p. 82 made that several hundreds were to
he says: "After I had been some come down in a body, under a pre-
time in Virginia, I got passage up tense of trading which might be at-
the Bay Chesapeake and had tended with III consequence.
several meetings in Maryland,l The substance of the minutes
friends being glad to see me; and I then taken we told them, and that
we were comforted In Christ our as they came on a message of
Digitized by Coogle
217
A.'JNALS OF THE SUSQFEHA.'JI"OCKS AND
friendship, we had made them It ofter; and Togodhessah, Sotayyoght,
suitable answer; that we always had I Tokunnyataawogha, with some others
been friends with them, and desired presenting a Bundle of Drest Skins,
so to continue; that being such, they represented to the Board:
were free to trade with us, as all, That they had always hitherto made
others were, and that we hoped we I it their practice to inform this
should have no c a u s ~ to apprehend I Government of all things of mmt.
anything further from them. They [that past amongst them; that living
were particularly acquainted that I in a near neighbourhood and friend-
our Queen had now made peace with 'I ship with the Shawanois, they
t.he French, and we were all to Itve thought it convenient to acquaint us
amicably together; that the French! that Opessah, the late King of ye said
durst now not injure an English.. Shawanoise, having absented him-
man, nor an English man none of self from his people for about three
the French, any more than one of yeara. and upon divera messages
their own nation; but that upon the sent to him still refused to return
whole we took their whole care to them, they at length have thought
shewn by this information very kind- it necesasry to appoint another in
ly, and desired them always to con- his stead, and presented the person
tinue the same disposition towards chosen by name .Cakundawanna, to
us, as we should shew ourselves the board, as the new elected King of
friends to them. the Shawanoise, desiring the appro-
Ordered that care be taken of them bation of this Government of this
whilst in Town. and that the Treas- their proceeding.
urer (Civility being now one of the The Board answered that what
Chiefs of their nation) provide for measures they thought fltt to take
him a good Stroud, a Shirt, a ha.tt, for their own peace and safety
and a pair of Stocklns and a match amongst themselves, should be ap-
coat for Harry, with some small proved by this Government as far as
tokens for their children. with some 1ust, and it hoped that what they
rum, Tobacco and bread." ha.ve done was a necessity, and that
Here we have another illustration they are satisfied in it.
of the frequent intercourses between They then presented a second
the Conestoga Indians and the Gov- hundle of drest skins, and said:
ernor at Philadelphia; and it was now That they had informed us their
almost a daily occurence that the old Queen was dead, as also are all
savages of the Susquehanna River I their old men who formerly appear-
and the people on the Delaware met ed for their nation, that they are
face to face. now succeeded by a younger genera-
1714 _ Several Conestoga Indians tion; that our methods are to keep
record of what Is transacted in wrlt-
VIsit the Council at PhJladelphJa
lng, but that they have also sure
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 574, ways of transmitting from one
it Is stated that a Council held Oct. generation to another what is neces-
1, of that year, that, "Several In- sary to remember, that these now
dians being come to town from living well know the leagues and
Conestogo, and the Governor being bonds of friendship that have been
very much indisposed. the Council I between the Engltsh and their fathers
mett to receive what they had to and that they, their Posterity. are
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LA.."JCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 218
resolved inviolably to observe the 'I ings, preaching, baptism, etc., or
same. evell Heathenish worship, then It
In answer they were told their I may be said the Five Nations, and
present with what they said upon It, I their neighbors have no religion. But
was kindly accepted, and they were' If by religion we man an attraction
desired to continue the same meth- of the soul to God, whence proceeds
ods their fathers had done, and to a confidence In, and hunger after,
train up their chtJdren in the same the knowledge of him, then this
friendship towards the English that I people must be allowed to have some
they themselves had been, that we I religion among them notwithstanding
and they may live in a firm peace their sometimes savage deportment,
togther In all time to come. For we find among them some tracts
The skins presetned are 9 bucks, I of a confidence, in God alone; and
and 15 does, drest with one raw even, sometimes, though but seldom.
back, value about 3 pounds and 15s! a vocal calling upon him. I have had
In ye whole. 'Ordered, that a return i one or two Instances of this under
be .made to ye value of about ten my own observation."
pounds, with a persent also to Weiser In this letter speaks of
Harry, the Interpreter, besides their Indian religion much later than 1714
charges; and that the Treasurer see' but I will give that later.
it performed, entering the account! liH-Beginning of the Conestoga
Into these minutes."
Road In Lancaster County
In this article we again see the!
faithful report made by the Cone- I In the Quarter Sessions Docket, of
stogas of the suspicious action of the i Lanc. Co., No.1, pp. 89 and 121 may
King of the Shawanese. They also, be found the petition dated 1734 to
related to the Governor faithfully the i improve the Road which
experiences their tribe was having.' lead into the Indian Country and
l'U-Conrad Wilser's View of the which is now the road known as the
Lane." The petition states
that the people h:Jve been using this
road for twenty years. Therefore it
beg9.n to be used about 1714. Many
papers in the Chester County Quar-
Indian Religion
In Mombert's History of Lancaster
County, p. 19, he sets forth a letter
which Conrad Weiser wrote on this
subject, as follows: tel' Sessions records also throw light
"ESTEEMED FRIEND: I write on this subject.
this in compliance with thy request,
to give thee an account of what I
l'i1:-I-The Bought by Logan
for the Conestoga Treaty
have observed among the Indians, In
relation to their belief and confi-
. In Vol. 2 of the Col. Ree., p. 59i.
dence in a Divine Being, it Is stated that, "Mr. Logan exhlbit-
to the obsravtions I have made, from ed an account of several things he
1714, in the time of my youth, to this bought for the Conestogoe Indians,
day (about tM year 1746). by order of Council, the 1st of Oct.
If by the word religion people last, the balance of which amounts
mean an asesnt to certain creeds, or to 15 Pounds, 3s and 9d, which
the observance of a set of religious account is allowed, and the Treas-
duties; as, appOinted prayers, sing- urer ordered to pay the same."
Digitized by Coogle
171li-Opes8&h, the Late Shawanese lopessah said that he did not know
King Comes to Philadelphia of any. We see In this Item that
Illpessah was quite a treacherous
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p 599,/ character and made trouble very
It Is stated that on the Uth of June, frequently.
this year, that Opessah, the late
Shawanese King, with his compan- 1711i - Chalkley Reports That the
Ions attending him, came with the Conclto.-s Have Moved Their
Chiefs of the Delaware and Schyulklll Town Twenty Mllel Away
Indians to visit the Governor; and I In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p 603
that they met In the Court House In on the 21st of June, at a Council.
Philadelphia, where they had a great I" Mr. Logan acquainted the Board,
ceremony, In which they opend up that he had Information by Thomas
the calamet with a great ado with! Chalkley, who lately came from
their rattles and songs. The calamet Maryland, that the Conestogoe In-
was offered by the Delaware King dians had left their town and re-
to the Governor and Council and all moved twenty miles distant, and it
the people and then by the Governor I being thought that soemthlng extra-
It was offered to the Indians; and ordinary had happened, that they
after great cermony It was put should leave their corn growing on
away. The Indians explained that I the ground. It was ordered that a
they had carried this calamet as a message should be sent up to them
bond of peace to all the Nations I by some of the Chiefs, of the Indians
around and that It was a sure bond !now in Town, and a small present,
among them. The Indians further I to wit: a matchcoat for the two
desired by holding up their hands Chiefs, Civility and , and
that the God of the Heavens might I tell them we would be glad to see
be witness to It. These Indians were II then, and that they should Inform
referring to the treaty which Penn them that they, together with the
made with them "at his first coming Delaware Indians, have already been
among them'." The speaker for the here and renewed their League of
Indians then said that he delivers friendship, and were kindly re-
'n behalf of all the Indians on this ceied."
'!Ide of the Susquehanna River the In this Item we see some new
leits of. wampum which he had wll!l II disturbances about Conestoga..
him. As to Opessah who formerly I which we shall explain later.
lived on Pequea Creek as King of 171i-Another Council held With
the Shawanese, the speaker says
that he has now abdicated and lives I and His Associates
at a great distance from his former On the 22nd of June, 1715, we are
home. The Governor said told In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p 603,
Opessah bad long been under a that "The Indian chiefs, viz: 8asoo-
league of Friendship with them, and nan and Matasjeechay, with Opessah.
even though he has moved we will being called according to the order of
treat him as kindly as ever; but we yesterday, the Governor acquainted
ask that he will tell the foreign In- I them, that he, with the Council, were
dians that he Uves with that they I extremely well pleased to see them,
&bould be kind towards the Engilsh and with the treaty that we had with
and tell them of any danger; and them, but could have wished they
Digitized by Coogle
had more effectually taken the ad- I thing to those that are removed;
vice that was given them to forbear I that the better to cover them from
excessive drinking, and especially to the night dews In their travels, we
avoid rum, which since It disorders I give each of them a stroud match-
them so very much and ruins their I coat.
health, they ought to shun it as That as they had particularly re-
poison; for though valuable men commended Opessah, we were very
when sober, yet when overcome well pleased with their regard to
with that unhappy Liquor they are him, and as a token of our taking
quite lost and become beasts, that him Into the same friendship with
had the Governor thought they them, now gave him also a Stroud.
would not take more care of them- All wlbch being Interpreted to
- selves he would have prevented their them and provisions delivered for
buying It, and must do so the next their Journey, viz: Bome loaves and
time they are so kind to visit us, that lone hundred weight of Biscuitts,
BO we may be able all the time of with 12 Pounds of tobacco and pipes,
the stay to converse together. i they returned their hearty thanks
That now, however, he Is glad to I with expreslsons of great satisfac-
see them sober again at their de-I tion.
parture, and was willing to speak But Sasoonan complained that they
with them before they went to fur- I were much abused by the quantities
nlsh them with some provisions for I of rum brought amongst them, and
their journ!lY. requested the Governor to cause a
That we have now bad with them stop to be put to the pratclce. .
a very friendly trllaty, which with all Upon which they were told of the
others heretofore they are constatnly very strict laws made against It, but
to remember. that It was Impossible for us to
That as they spoke In behalf of all know who came thither into the
the Indians on thlB side of Sasque- woods amongst them without their
hananh, excepting those of Cone- information, that it would be In their
stoga, the Governor wishes that power effectually to prevent it that
they had also come with them, but if they would stave all .the rum that
since they have not, Sasoonan and came amongst them, wttlch they were
Metajlheekay are desired to Inform directed by the Governor to do wlth-
the chiefs of Conestoga, vsiz: Soteer- out fail as oft as any came.
yole and Tagultaleese or Civility, that They thereupon desired the Gov-
they have been here renewing their ernor's written order for It, and
League, yet we were sorry that we acordlngly the' following order was
saw not all our friends together, issued.
that to the end they might be par- By the Honorable Charles Gookin,
takers of the same League, we had Esqr., etc.
sent each of them a match coat, and Wheras, notwithstanding the
should be glad to see them with the several penalties laid by the laws of
first good convenlency. this province. upon those who sell
That hearing they design to leave rum to the Indians, complaints are
Conestogo, we should desire an op- I made by them, that great quantities
portunlty of discoursing them before I are still carried Into the woods to
they quit that ancient settlement, their great loss and damage. For
and that they should say that same the more speedy prevention of which,
Digitized by Coogle
it is ordered by the Governor and That they be informed that the In-
Council, that all Indians who shall dians of Delaware with Opessah in
at any time see any rum brought behalf of the Shawanois coming
amongst them for sale, either by the hither of themselves last 4th month,
English or others, do forthwith did in a solemn manner renew the
stave the casks and destroy the I treaty and confirm the bond of frien(l-
liquor, with suffering any of it to be II ship between us, which they did in
sold or drank, in which practice they the name and behalf (they said) of
shall be idemnified and protected by all Indians on this side of Sasque-
the Government against all persons hannah, those of Conestoga excepted,
whatsoever. Dated at Phlladelphia, when they left to speak for them-
ye 22nd of June, 1715." selves, and therefore that we desired
We observe here that their is some- that these Indians would also come
thing like a break in the pleasant to visit us as the others had done,
relations between the other Indians that we might at the same time re-
of the Susquehanna and Delaware new our Leagues of friendship with
rivers and the Conestogas. Just all our friends and brethren, that
what caused the Conestogas to leave that they had always been such to us,
and move 20 mlles away is not very and that our conduct to each other
clear. had always been so friendly, and the
171i-The Conestogas Now Come and leagues of his friendship had been so
Explalo theIr RemoTal and often repeated and confirmed that we
were desirous to see them as our
Other ActIons. friends and brethren, as often as any
In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 606, others of our Indians for which rea-
It is stated that on the 13th of Sept.,
"Sotyriote, Chief of 1e Conestoga In-
dians, with divers others of his na-
tion and of the Ganawoise, being in
town last night, on the message sent
them from this Board by Sassooan
and Metashichay, two of ye Delaware
chiefs ye 22ml of June last, the Coun-
cU met to consider of the treaty to
be held with them.
son we had sent them that message.
The Indians not being met, the con-
ference and treaty with them was de-
ferred, and the Councll adjourned for
that purpose till in the morning at
seven." This sets forth the discus-
sions of the first day.
At page 607 we are told what hap-
pened the next day as follows:
.. The afore mentioned Indians,with
And as they are come at the re- their interpreter, mett, and the pre-
quest of this Government, It is there- sent provided, the Governor ordered
fore agreed and ordered that accord- them to be informed that he, with the
Ing to ye custom of ye Indians, a Council, were glad to see them, and
I) resent should be made to them, viz: would have been pleased if it had
six Stroudw.ater matchcoats, six been sooner. That Sasoonan, in be-
Duffel matchcoats, six blankets, half half of his own and all our other In-
a barrel of Powder, and hundred dians on this side of Sasquehannah.
pounds of lead ,with some tobacco I those of Conestoga excepted, had in
and pipes, and that care be taken of 1 the most friendly manner renewed
their entertainment, as also that some their treaties and conflrmed the bond
I)resent should be made to Harry the of friendship between us. That we
Interpreter, to ye value of three were upon desirous to see them also.
Ilounds or thereabouts. . that we might have at the same time
Digitized by Coogle
'(he satisfaction of conferring with I Penn, at his first arrival; that their
and entertaining all the aatioBs of old men were generally gone off the
our friends around us. and by that stage, and that a younger generation
means have an opportunity to know had come into their place; that they
how It was with them. on their parts mouM ever desire tit
That we had heard that they had a live in the same peace and friendship
-design for moving the Conestoga, to with us, that their fathers had "done,
leave room for the English to settle allld that not onlY they but that their
there; but that we desired . tlley and our posterity might do the same,
:should not make themselves uneasy. from generation to geooration. That
and If they thought It might be more all things were well amOligst them.
:for their convenieJlcy txl be a greater' and they had nothing In relation to
distance, we should expect first to be thIs Government to blame or in any-
acquainted with it. wtse find fault with.
They were also particularlY inforIB-
-ad of what passed between our Dela-
ware Indians and us, at the last
treaty and the minutes then tabn
were interpreted to them. with all
which they appeared very well salls-
.fled.
Theythen laid down four strings at
white wampum, and said, that Opes-
sah, who was formerly a King of 1iJ.e
Shawanois, near Conestoga, but had
now for some years beell abroad il.
thl'! woods (as he said) a hunting, had
just as their coming away from Con-
The J)l'esents as yesterday ordered estoga, sent them a message wIth
were delivered to them, amounting to that wampum, to tell them be was
about 2f) Pounds in value, besides Ule now going a hunfillg again, that they
three pounds ordered to Harry. the thought it convenient to acquaInt this
Interpreter, and the charges of their Government with it, and that If t h ~ .
entertainment. hear anything further of his prQceed-
Upon their receiving of these they ings, they will not fail from time to
were particularly desired to be care- time to gil,e us an account of n, and
ful from time to time, to inform us as they had always Uved in peace,
of any strangers coming amongst and we and they had been as Breth-
them, and of everything new tllat ren and friends, so they desired
should happen amongst them, for as we might ever continue the same,
we were friends and brethren, we that they had nothing to complain of,
must be concerned for their safety but desired we would for their great-
and welfare. as well as our own. er ease in trading with our people,
They all appeared extremely pleas- asquaint them with the certain prices
ed, and the Council adjourned. of our goods.
On the next day, September 15, the They then presented to the Board
Governor left tQ.wn but authorized the seventeen deer skins in ye Hair, and
Council to hear the answer of these eighteen foxes skins. They were told
Indians, whereupon the chief of the in answer to this, the same things
Conestogas by his interpreter said, that had been said to Sasoonan and
"That they' were well pleased to find the Indians with them; that it was
that the Indians who were here in impossible to set any prices, for
summer, had shown themselves so goods were sometimes cheaper.
mindful of former treaties and agree- sometimes dearer, and the
ments that were made with Wllliam traders would sell their goods dearel'
Digitized by Coogle
at Sasquehannah, after they had been 171I-Tbe :MInutes of the Conestoga
at the pafns to carry tlIem some days Treat;, 1A8t.
lourney on hOl'Beback, tllit!J.er, and In Vol. 2 of the Col. Rec., p. 613
that we could advise them to D'O B visit of the Conestogas and Dela-
other method than wltat we took our- wares to the Councll 'Is set forth but
selves, wlllch fs that every man it seems tl1at t.e minutes of tbe pro-
should bargain as well as he could I ceedlDgs were not takeR and we can
(or himself, but In the meantime as I not tell just what purpf1S8 took them
we had passed a law, tbat none call- to Phlladelpbla. The Colonial Rec-
ed Christians should offer them any ords give the fonowlng account of it:
(njury, Is If they received auy the,. "Sotayrlote, the Chief of the Con-
were desired to acquaint us with It estoga Indians, Tagotelessah or Clv-
and they should be redressed. IlIty tlJelr Captain, Sheekokonickan.
It was further pressed on them to a chief of the Delaware Indians being
be very careful on their parts tbat D'O come to town, attended tbe Governor
dUference arise between any of their In Councll; but ye clerk having neg-
and our people and If there should be lected to enter ye minutes of what
they would acquaint us with it 1m- past as he did all other relating to
mediately, that we might duly Inquire these people, which J. Logan himself
into it, and ju&tice should be done took not with his own hand, they are
them If they. were anywise wronged. with others Irrecovably lost."
Then provlsioDs being ordered to 1717-.lobn Cartledge Send. Word of
be provided for tbem by the Treas-
urer for their return home, and all
the accounts to be discharged by
Disturballces Among the Con-
estogas.
. him. In Vol. 3 of the Colonial Rec., p.
They were dismissed and the Coun- 15 It Is set forth under the date of
ell adjourned." June 19, this year, as follows: "The
It'rom all this we see that the mat- Secretary by the Governor's order
ter which was llkely to be dlmcult laid before the Board a letter be had
was finaly settled with the Conestoga received this afternoon from John
Indians. Cartledge of Conestogoe, giving him
an account of some dlstuurbances
17U-Our Conestoga IncUans Male a amongst the Indians there; as also
Treaty WltIt Virginia. one enclosed from Lahya, CiviUty,
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 87, and some others of the chiefs of the
Governor Spottswood of Virginia, Indians on the Susquehanna, wherein
writes to Governor Keith, referring they desired him to come to them
to the treaty which tbe Conestogas without delay, to consult with them
and others had made witb his Prov- about affairs of great importance:
Ince, and says that they have not kept They having no notiee (it is pro-
their engagements made on the last bable) of the Governor's arrival. The
day of August, 1715, but that in vio- Governor thought it lncum-
lation or those engagements they bent on himself to give them a
made war upon the Catawbas and visit and to the end they 'mlght have
upon the white settlments of time as they desired to call their
in all which the Governor of Vlrgmia '
puts the blame upon our Conestoga people together, he was pleased to
Indians. This ends all we have to I appoint the seventeenth day of July
say under the year of 1715. next, to be the time he would see
Digitized by Coogle
.
tbem atConestogbe; and in the Council held at Conestoga, the 9t.
meantime tbe Secretary was ord6red day of July, 1717." Then follows a
to write a letter to them to tllat pur- list of the members of Council who
"port, and to send a belt or wampum journeyed with GovernOl" Keith to
as a token of friendship 8Jld confl.r- Conestoga, and took part In thla
mation of this message." treaty. They were Richard Hm,
We ean at th.is datJe uaderltalld the Isaac Nouia. James Logan, Anthony
.extreme importance of the urgent Palmeor, Robert Ashton and John
'visit wh.lch the Conestogas asked the French. The importance of this
whites to make to them., but we may treaty is attested by the fact that
Test assured that matters of impor- tllese six men were perhaps the most
taince were to be adjpuste4, espec- prominent sextette in Pennsylvania
'tally does this sllow, wllat caused at this time. The report of tile treaty
Governor Keith to go to tile Illdians is as follows:
as soon as possible. I .. Present the Chiefs, and others of
1717-Tbe Delaware IadJans are New the Conestogoe or Mingo Illdians, the
at C t Delawares, the Shawanoise and Gun-
ODes oga. I awoise, all inllabiting upon or near
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. a, it I the banks of the River Susquehan-
is stated that at a Councll held at Ilah.
Conestoga the Chief of the Delawares I A memorial from Captain Cllristo-
was present. I do not believe that pher Smith, of Virginia, having been
they were simplY as visitors attend-I presented to the Governor, was read
ing this treaty but tllat they now! at the Board in ye words following,
lived on the Susquehanna River I viz:
which may be seen under this same I To the Honorable William Keith,
date in Vol. 3 of the Col., Rec .. p. 45, Esq., Lieutenant Governor of the
where we are told taat the Chiefs of ,'province of PennsYlvania and Coun-
the Delawares, formerly on Brandy- ties of New Castle, Kent and Sussex,
wine but now inhabitants on tae I upon Delaware; and' the Honorable
Susquehanna River" were come to Council at Conestogoe, Capt. Christo-
Philadelphia, therefore, I make this pller Smith humblY Sheweth,
bit of history a separate item so that I That he being commissioned and
the fact of the Delawares moving instructed by the Honorable Alex-
fr'1lm the Schuylklll river to the Sus- ander Spotswood, Esq., Governor of
quehanna River may be made promi- Virginia, to go to New York, and with
nent. We shall see later that these the Iycense and permission of the
Delawares caused us much grief be- Governor of these said province of
, ~ u s e it was they who in 1755 helped New York, to discourse wita the In-
to slaughter Braddock's men at Fort dians or elsewhere concerning the
DuQuense and later, who in and murdering of some Catawba Indians
about Carlisle and Cumberland at Fort Christianna in the Colony of
stealthily butchered many of the Virginia, who are in amity with the
white pioneers of these sections. said Government of Virginia, which
said insult was then supposed to be
1717 -.1 Great Treaty at Conestoga. committed by the Senequa Indians,
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Ree.. pp, 21 and also to demand the DeUvery up
and 22 it is set forth that the foUow- of the prisoners taken at the place
ing proceedings took place, "at a, aforesaid, with reparation for the in-
Digitized by Coogle
Z25
ANNALS OF.THE' SUSQUEHA1-':NOCKS AND
Bults done upon the said Catawba In- cerned in this cruelty, that then he'
dians. may be assisted in making such
And whereas, tlIe said Christophel" terms of Friendship with the said
Smith, by the assistance of Iris Ex- Indians, which by his commission he
cellency Brigader Hunter, Governor is fully empowered to do, as for the-
of New York hath procured the C(JII- future may do for the safety and
fession of the said Senequa Indians, quiet of his Majesty's subjects, and
wherein they acknowledge that some the Indians in amity with the Gov-
of their men were concerned in tlie ernment of Virginia and Pennsyl-
kllIing, of some of the said Catawba vania. CHRISTOPHER SMITH.
Indians near Fort Christanna afore- The said Capt. Smith (being desir-
said, but do say that they did not ed so to do), produced his commis-
know the said Catawba Indians were sion from the Governor of Virginia.
fn amity or upon a treaty with the under the seal of that Government.
Government of Virginia and have now together with his instructions refer-
fngaged for themselves, that all acts red to in his said commission both of
of hostility against the said Catabaw which were also read.
Indians or any others in amity with And because the subject of the said
the said Government or Virginia shall memorial principally concerned the
leave, and if the woman Prisoner said Shawanoise Indians, Martin
lately taken in Virginia by some of Chartlere who understood and spoke
their men, who (at present is escap- 'their language well, was sworn as
ed out of their hands) be taken up I an interpreter on this occasion.
by any of their people, that she shall: The insult lately made on the
be safely delivered up to the Gover-: Government of Virginia, at the Fort
nor of New York, in order to be sent' Christlanna, as it is mentioned in
back to Virginia; and the said Chris- ,the said memorial was then fully
topher Smith, being lately informed' related to those Indians, and they re-
that some of the Shawanois Indians qui red to inform the Governor
In the Province of Pennsylvania, and whether any of their nation were
in amity with this Government, were concerned in that fact, or know any-
present and concerned in the murder thing of It.
and insult aforesaid, committed at They answered that six of their
Fort Christianna aforesaid, Humbly men had accompanied that party of
Request Your Honors assistance and the Five Nations who had committed
Countenance in obtaining an inter- the fact, but that none of those six
view with the said Shawanois Indians were here present, their settlement
and an interpreter to assist him in being much higher up the Susque-
discoursing with the said Indians; hannah River, and being asked such
and if it appears that any of the In- further questions as Captain Smith
dians in friendship with your Gover- requested might be proposed to them
hment have been concerned in the in this affair, they answered to them
committing the aforesaid fact, that severally as follows, viz:
the said Christopher Smith'D,\ay have That according to the information
your Honor's assistance and counte- they had received from the six per-
nance in procuring reparation for the so'Bs aforementioned of their Nation.
wrong done, but if it appear that after their return home, there was
none of the Indians in Covenant or only eighteen persons of the whole
fl'iendship with you have been con- company imployed in that attack
Digitized by Coogle
226
near the said Fort at ChrlStlanna,! several years ago, when be was but
and that the above mentioned six of ,a little lad; that he had now forgot
th
I tl were with the rest, at his natlve language and spoke theirs
e r na ons bl dl t by the and that they did did not think them-
some consldera e s ance th
side of a creek or brook, and were no selves obllged to return him at Is
way concerned In It, neither did they t l ~ : l n g further prest to it, the Chief
know anything of It untll the return answered that If the King of the
of the said party of eighteen who had Catawbas, whom he now understood
killed six men on the spot, took one were In league with Virginia, would
prisoner who soon made his escape, come hither and make peace with
and a woman whom they carried I him and his people (the Shawanols),
along with them, and that this was he might have the young man back
all they knew of that matter. I with him, If It was desired; but that
Being further asked whether any that Catawbas were a people of great
of their Indians knew anything of I extent, and there were many nations
killing Major Joshua Wynne, In Vlr-\ under that name.
glnla, about five years agoe, they The young man was asked whether
said they did not know anything of I he was willing to return, but would
It ' give no answer.
Whether they knew anything of the Captain Smith proposed that he
Indians killing a negro man in Vir- I might have liberty to treat with those
ginia, belonging to Captain Robert I Indians In order to make a league
Hicks, about four years agoe, they with them in behalf of the Govern-
answer they knew nothing of it. 'I' ment of Virginia, to which he was
Being asked what they knew of authorized by Colonel Spotswood
some Indians of the Five Nations I commission and Instructions.
having about four years agoe The Governor answered that he did
plundered a company of Virginia In-I not conceive it to be necessary or
dians, trading at Enoe. River. useful that any person whatsoever
They answer that they had orten! should be permitted to treat with the
heard talk about such a thing, but I Indians, except the Government of
that none of them were concerned in that Colony, to which the Indians
it, or could give any account of it. respecively belonged; but if Colonel
The Shawanolse and all the other Spotswood (for whom the Governor
Indians present were further asked had a very great regard) desired to
whether they had any prisoners of make any treaty with the Indians who
the Catawba Indians, or of any other lived under the protection of this
Nation in friendship with Virginia. I Government, for establ1shlng a peace
The Shawanoise answered that they I and good understanding between
had one prisoner a young man taken I them and the Indians under the pro-
some years ago, whom they produc- tection of Virginia the Governor
ed; but all the others answered they himself, with advice of his Council,
had none. would heartily endeavor to accom-
It was demanded of the Shawa- pUsh a treaty upon such reasonable
nols that this prisoner should be re- terms as Colonel Spotswood might
turned to the Catawbas, from whence propose In behalf of Virginia; and
he was taken. Their King or Chief that in the meantime the Governor
answered that they had taken him' now would at this juncture (as It
Digitized by Coogle
22j
has been usual In this province) In- I quest he had not provided himself
slst upon our Indians friendship too,l with any presents for tliem, being
i k::::.
pendent Indians, and Virginia In par- I this G'overnment, where they ought
ticular. 'I first to come and offer theirs.
The Governor then spoke to the But nevertheless, it being the flrst
Indians by the Interpreters, In tpe time the Governor had seen them he
words and manner following. I would tske this opportunity to put
That they must carefully remem- them In mind of several parts of
lJer that all the several Government, I their duty, which they might more
(which the interpreters particularly I punctually observe, he had purchas-
inumerated), from New England to ed a few things from the traders, as
South CaroIlna Inclusive; thought a small testimony of his good will to
they have different Governors, yet them.
they are all subjects to the great Then the presents being laid upon
King and Emperor of the English; the ground before the Indians the
tlO that when any Government makes Governor proceeded to tell them.
a treaty of friendship with the In- 1st T hat h e expected their
dlans, they must also and make I strict observance of all former con-
the same bond of friendship for all tracts or friendship made between
other English people, as well as them and this Government of Penn-
themselves, by which means all the i sylvania.
Indian nations who are in League' 2dly. That they must never mo-
and friendship with any English Gov- lest or disturb any of the English
ernment, must also be friends to each Governments, nor make warr upon
other. any Indians whatsoever who are in
If, therefore, any of you shall hurt friendship and under the protection
or molest the Indians, who are at of the English.
this time in friendship with any 3dly. That 'in all cases of suspic-
English Government, you hereby I ion or danger, they must advise and
break the league of friendship made consult with this Government before
with this Government, which, as it' they undertook or determined any-
has been most inviolably observed on , thing.
our part, we do positively expect the i 4thly. That if through accident
same to be done on yours; and if any mischief of any sort should
any of you receive damage or are in- happen to be done by the Indians
jured by the Indians who are in to the English, or by the English to
peace with any English Government, I them, then both parties should nleet
if you can discover what Indians with hearty intention of good will to
they were that did it, this Govern- obtain an acknowledgement of the
ment, on your complaint, will en- mistake as well as to give or receive
deavor to procure satisfaction from reasonable satisfaction.
that English Government, to which 5thly. That upon these terms and
such Indians belong. cOD.ditions the Governor did in the
The Governor further told them by name of their Great and Good
the same interpreters, that he having friend William Penn, take them and
given himself the trouble to come their people under the same protec-
hither at this time, upon their re- tion and in the same friendship with
Digitized by Coogle
LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 228
thi:::, Goven21:nent Wlniam 21nnn lU:21ust ::md S::pt::mbe:" nf fi::n hun"
himself had formerly' done, or could dred young warriors of the Five Na-
do now If he were here present" tions and that they advanced as far
thr: StovernOl" Pid SUS:1:::r1ann::. Piver ::md rlteiarel
promise on his pa!t to encourage that they were going on down to the
them In peace, and to nourish and Maryland settlements.
SUPix:rt Ilk:::, tnt:::' IrienP nnd cite tPis slxpiy to :::,Pow tho
brother. Conestoga country was a ":amous
To all which the stveral chiefs place of resort at this time for the
and their Great M:":n p:rerentll :::,s-I t:"1i::es the ... Naii:rnB and nthet
sented, It being agreed, in testl- InllUans, and to sdow ide prominence
mony thereof they should rise up of this section. It is further showp
and take G'or::mor the h::s::sd, at cPe samt timt there xas
wpnh ac<:ot:lingly they witl": all great d"al of I,,:Uan hutchering and
possible marks of in thei! massacreing going on about Cones-
co:mtenant:n and dohavkr" t:>oa an:i Pusq:::".hannt"
addWoo to fact the il"OOty Goven:o,' Sp:>t"wo::<l also com
it seems important here to notice plains in this letter that they fell on
th::t the Gonestooa Indir:,or dttired ::omp:mp of xtn. womtn aod chil"
to Goow Ch:"ittians ::oore ::ettied aod that t.hey dilted of
back of them in the wopds and to them, and that one woman eccaped
whtti natkn they dtlongt.d: whi:::t: at- n'::,:<:h et::elty ond to
teele the ret:t a IT:ony dh"glnia lamisltr:d witi": cold and
whites were now coming Into this I hunger.
se:,tion. It is ale::: of ::ntice d4d7-A dine TRkroW21 Aroued thi'
he:'o that tk:is item would Dfeem In- Conestoga Indian Camp for
dicate that Peter BezaIloll at this
time lived at or near Cor: Dfitoga, Protection.
17&& Goromor dpotSOkdOd V::1. 3 of the Coi Rec," 48,
Complains Against the Cones- there is set forth a statement of Gov-
ernor Keith to the Conestoga Indians
f,oga dTdiani" of ::< hick: were Phiodoiphi::"
In Vol. of the Col. Reo., p. 84, in at that time that "We have had a
a letter to Governor Keith, Goverl!l.or line thrown around them (the Con-
Sp:>t::wood :>rrYS whfto he Okas :>:>togas) that m.me mid1.t C01T:O near
hol:Eing a t::eaty on the Virginia tl:em; and had their corn fields fenc-
frontier with the chiefs of the Cataw- ed in by John Cartiledge's care,whose
bat: a p:Hnn of tl:nnestt:n:r I"::ii::.ns nouse wan platad in thosr:
(aad Ilkela aome thed:lee Na:lans 11e:"s so tl1at hn coulc ]cmk after the
from New York) learned from the tract and also the bounds of it." This
T::.::earoraa that CotnOkbas were llt:OWS care that autilOz'itie::
unoC'lOed, flllrkind treotC' and "uen were nme takind of Indlllns at
came among them, killed some and Philadelphia."
cartlad of.hors 2nd-Nat::::: on Cooo:::toga :11'C'eaty,
17nFhli h"undt"otfr Fha tfra- In Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives,
tion Warriors at Susquehanna. p. 168, appears the following
the ::lime b:x:tfr last z:Lted. 85, Extr:cc:Cs from Coum:il-Bonh E ..
Governor hpotswood further com- 18th July, 1717.
plains that there was a march in Fo. 12. Governor Keith's treaty with
Jigi!iz' gle
the Chiefs of ye Conestogoe or Min-I order to prevent the like for the fu-
goe Indians, ye Delawares, ye Shaw- I ture." .
anoise and Ganawoise, wherein are In17-An Indian T01fll In Conestoga
no complaints about land. I Manor Laid OuL
16th June, 1718. I
At a treaty with ye Chiefs of the In Vol. 9 of the -Pennsylvania Arch.
Conestogoe Indians, a Chief of ye I p. 49, appears the following:
Shawanois, a Chief of ye Delawares, "I, Feb'y, 1717. The Commission-
and one from the Ganawais, they ers of Property by their warrant dir-
were pressed by ye Governor to be ected to Jacob Taylor, Surveyor
free, and if they had anything to, General of Pennsylvania, order him
eomplain of that want to be redres-i to survey a tract of land lying be-
sed, they ahould without reserve i tween Susquehanna River and Cones-
communicate it. Had nothing to togoe Creek from the mouth of the
complain of, but that some bad said Creek as far up the river as the
straggling people brought too much lands granted to Peter Chartier and
rum amongst them and debauched they by a Une running from the said
their young men. And after pre- river to Conestogoe Creek and make
senting a new King of ye Conesto- return thereof to the Secretary's of-
goes, and ye delivery of presents on flce for the proper use and behoof of
both sides, departed, expressing Willi.am Penn, Esq., proprietary and
themselves very happy in the friend- Governor in chief of the Province of
ship, and under the protection of this Pennsylvania, his Heirs and Assigns
Guvernment." forever.
I quote this principally to show \ The said tract was surveyed pur-
that there were no land disputes at suant to the above warrants and re-
this time about Conestoga with the turned into the Secretary's Omce and
Indians; but we shall see that later called 16000 acres in which is includ-
than this there were some few dll:l- ad the tract of land called the In-
)lutes.
1717-Lands Suneys a t Conestoga
Disturb the Indians.
dian Town.
It is suggested that the said Wil-
Ham Penn by some instrument of
It is set forth in VoL 3 of the Col. writing gave permiSSion for an old
Rec., p. 37 that "The Governor ac- Indian named Johass and his In-
quainted the Board that the Proprie- dians to live upon the said Tract of
tor's Commissioners of Property had land called the Indian Town contaln-
lately represented to him in writing, ing about flve hundred acres and the
that certain persons from Maryland same was alloted to them as a place
had under color of rights from that of residence by the said Will1am
Province, lately surveyed out lands Penn. In or about the year 1763.
not far from Conestoga, and near the some of the descendants of the sald
thickest of our settlements to the Johass then residing on the said
great disturbance of the inhabitants tract of land were there killed and
there, and that for preventing the dis- the remainder (except one or two
orders which might arise from such that escaped) were sent for by the
Incroachments, they desired that Magistrates of La.ncaster and put in-
magistrates and proper omcers I to the work house for protection and
should be appointed in those parts in I safety but were there all killed.
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 23&
'Upon the decease of the above In- C1vU1ty, the preent chief or Captallll
odlans the Proprietary's Agents Im- of. the Conestoga IndIans with Wee-
mediately took possession 01 tbe aywais, Soobywais, Cannatellan and
'Said tract called Indian Town and CaIhabeberot of the same Nation.,
bls tenants bave quIetly 'Oceul'led It George, an Indian sent to represent
and paId tbe rent to the proprlet8ll'Y's tJle Ganawais and Sheeckokonlchan.,
till his grant In September last.'" a Chief of tbe Delawares, formerly
Several things are to be Imticed In 01Il Brandywine, all at present lnha-
'Connection wltb tbls Item (1) that as bftants on Sasquebannab, being late-
the montbs were formerly reckoned 1y come from theIr respective babl-
January and February Instead of tatlons to pay a visit to this Gbvern-
being the first months or the year ment they now waited on the Gover-
were the last two Dl()nths of the nor and Council, and Jobn Cartledge
year, and this February, 1717 was and James Hendricks being inter-
llk'ely reaolly Febraury, 1718; (2) preters, both sltille4 III the Delaware
That the old Indian Johass seemed to I tongue.
be the principal resident In that The ordered Jolla Cart-
part; and the Indians that were kil- ledge to acquaint tbem; that UpOll
led by the "Paxton Boys'" are here their visit he had at their desIre now
stated to have been his descendants called Counell, In order to hear
"SO that the tribal government was' what tile Indians Ilad to lay before
maintained at that time. The docu- them.
ment or certified copy and plans re- Togotelessa., Captain of the Cones-
ferred to in tbis Item by a foot note togas, said that they were come only
at the bottom of p. 50 are said to on a friendlY visit to see us, and to
bave been found with the papers. As renew the old League of FrleD-dshi,
further evidence of the survey of that had hitherto been between us
Conestoga Manor, Paper No. 3349 of and them, that most or their old mell
tbe Taylor Papers contaIns this were indisposed and Dot under-
item, "The proprietor, Dr. October take the journey, but they had
'21, 1717, to the survey of Conestoga brought some of their young men to
:Manor, being with the aUowances of see us.. and learn how they of them-
6 per cent., 16,500 acres; and to selves ought when they come to
ehaining, marking and caleulating, 1 more advanced years treat with their
Pound, 14 s. 8 & lh d." And under parents and frieIKls.
the date of May 19, in the same paper TIle Governor told them that their
appears, "a survey of 2100 acres at visit was very accepta.ble, and he
hoped all was well with them, but
Shlckasoiongo, cha.ining, marking desired them now to be free and if
and accounting, 8 Pounds; so here they had anything to com ialn of
we find a provision made by this big that wanted to be they
survey of Manor township for the should without reserve
whites, and within It an Indian Town it. Th th t d
for the Conestoga Indians. ey en presen e a small
bundle of skins, and said that they
UIS-Conestoga and Shawnese Chiefs had. some time before the
on a March to Philadelphia. arrival lost their King In war, but
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 45 there were those left amongst them
occurs the following, under the date who have the same respect and
of June 16, 1718. "Tagotolessa I)r friendship for this Government, that
Digitized by Coogle
231
he had In his life time. That now
he Is gone they are more sensible
for their loss of so good a man to
Govern them, and they heartily la-
ment him. for they hope that his
place will be supplled and the same
friendly disposition will alway. be
continued among them. And now
they desire that the Governor is to
take notice, that though their last
good King is taken from them, they
have one left who Is very nearly re-
lated to him, who bas an English
heart and a. great love for the Chris-
tians. Him they have now chosen
for their King In the others stead,
and 118 such present him to the Gov-
ernor by the name of Onesbanayan.
Then wben laid down a second
small bundle of skins, and proceeded
to say. that their king being present
with the chief of the Shawanols and
Ganawase, what be, Tlz: Tagotelassa
or Civility says is what will all agree
in with one voice and mind; tbat
taey are glad to find themselves in
good and happy circumstances, for
that they ba.ve not for some years
past had a Governor who took such
notice of them, but now tbe present
Governor gives them the same satls-
(action as if they thought that Wil-
liam Penn himself was amongst
them; that they had brought a few
skins not by way' of present, for
they were not worthy to be a c c o ~ n t
ed such. but only to la.y them under
the Governor's feet to keep them
and his House clean; that they came
not to make any new treaty or Lea-
gue of Friendship, but only to renew
or confirm those which bad been
made, and were bltherto invincibly
kept on both sides.
They threw down a third parcel
of skins, and Civility said, that he
with some of the young men hadthis
last Spring some inclination to go
out to war towards the Southward,
but being put in mind that it would
not be agreeable to this Government
and after receiving the Governor's
letter forbidding them to proceed.
they desisted; that they Intended to
go out this next' winter a hunting.
that way, and think it proper to ac-
quaint this Government therewith.
for that they bear such a respect to
the Government, and know .that we
have always been so ready to pro-
tect and assist them. that they are
agreed not to do anything which will
be disagreeable to us, but that they
look upon themselvea but like cltil-
dren rather t6 be directed by this
Governor than fit to. oirer any-
thing more on this head.
But they must crave lea.ve to add
one thing further, viz: that they
have reason to think the authority of
this Government is not duly observ-
ed' for that notwithstanding all our
former agreements, that rum should
not be brought amongst them, it is
still carried in great quantities, they
had been doubtful with themselves
whether they should mention this.
because if they were supplied with
none from hence, they would be
from Maryland which would be a.
means of carrying oir their peltry
thither, but there have been such
quantities of that liquor carried of
late amongst them, by loose settlers
who ha.ve no fixed settlements, that
they are apprehensive mischief may
arise from It. that though they are
perfectly well inclined when sober,
yet they can not answer for their
people when drunk, and least any
Inconveniences may ensue from
thence to this Government whom
they so much respect, as well as to
their own people, they desire this
may be taken into consideration, In
order to be prevented and redressed
by all proper measures."
Shecokkeneen added, that the
Digitized by Coogle
young men about Pexton had been I That we were all much affected
lately so generally debauched with with the lbss of their last Good
Tum, carried amongst them by King, and the Governor would have
strangers, that thEIJ now want all been pleased to see more of their old
manner of clothing and necessarys m-en, and however, he now took the
to go hunting, whuefore, they wish young men that came on this visit
It would be so ordered that no rum I by the hand, as those that were c0D?--
sould be hrought amongst them by lug up in the places of the a.nclents,
any except the traders. who furnish-I and were to continue the same friend-
them with aU tlleir necessarys, and ship with our younger people. that
who have been used to trust them I their parents, the elders on both
and encourage them in their hunt- sides had done before them.
lng. That we kindly received the per-
Having thus delivered themselves, son they had appointed their
they withdrew, and the treasurer or Chief, in the place of OUT good de-
and the secreta.ry were ordered to ceased friend, if it be by a general
take an account of the real value of approbation. The Governor 'hoped
their small presents, and to provide he would always have the same
1I0me EngUsh goods, exceeding that I heart and friendlY' disposition
value by about one-fourth or a third towards the English that his pre-
at most, and then Council adjourned decessor was well known to have
;until four in the afternoon. I in his lifetime, and would unite him-
Present: The Honorable William I self and aU his people with his G'ov-
Keith, Esqr.; Lt. Gover., William I ernment as one heart and one body;
Trent; Jonathan Dickinson, Isaac 'I that for the future we should apply
Norris, James Logan, Samnel to him as their chief in all publ1ck
Preston, Robert Assheton. I business, and doubted not but the old
The same Indians attending again, I men would assist hIm with their ad-
the Governor ordered the Interpre- vice in the best manner for theirad-
ters to deliver to them what follows, 'vantage and preserving a strict tie
being first drawn up in writing, viz: of friendship with us.
That their friendly visit on a de- That the Governor could not take
:sign to brighten and strengthen the In good part their motions towards
-chain which had for so many years going to war last Spring, consider-
bound and them and this Gov- ing that thEU' had engaged themselves
ernment together as one people. was to their contrary in the last treaty
very acceptable. They were sensible 1 with him at Conestogae. The Gover-
that William Penn, the Lord of this I nor expects that they will not make
<::ountry, had been as a Common the last advance that way for the fu-
.Father to them; that he had given ture, without the approbation and
it in charge to all those who govern- leave of this Government, for they
ed in his stead, to treat them in the are now but weak in themselves,
same friendly manner he had done and may be rash attempts draw won-
himself that the present Governor, derful enemies upon them, and not
for his part always be as ready as only entirely ruin themselves. but
a father to embrace SInd support engage us as tlKlir friends Into their
them while they continue the same I quarrels; they must be
, Governed in this point by thlS Gov-
fidelity to this Government they had, ernment, who can judge better of
hitherto done. : these affairs than they are capable.
Digitized by Coogle
ANNALS OF' THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
The' Governor il senllible they may I without delay disclolle it to the
Ila'le too just caulle to cempla.ln of, ernor or some person in
loose idle fellowlI bringing quantities: under him. In fine they ought ever
tit rum amongst taem to their great : to consider us as their beat and
injury, tllat tIlis has not for some I nearest friends, who nave always.
time past been sumc:lentl)1 looked &1-' been and ever will continue ready
ler, but tile Governor would speedily I to reUeve and protect them. while
lake care to have it iD a great mea- i they on their parts remain faithful
lIure prevented. That tAe1 01 their I as their ancelltors or fathers have
parts must en'eBIVor to prevent tbeir hitherto done before them.
women and young people coming to I That as they offered the Governor
Philadelpllia to aDd carry a small token, so now for the con-
up rum from hence, which too I veniency of their return, there are
DlImy were read1 to deliver tIlem a few garments provided for them.
privately for their skins, and that with some powder and shott to kill
they meet witb any brought alOOngst venison, some tobacco and pipes, and
them, they should stave it as tbey when they go some bread and a dram
kad formerly been ordered aDd un- wlll be provided for them, and the
dertook to do. Tba.t in reference of Governor expects tbey will be care-
the surve1s of land, they can not but ful hereafter to provide Ukewise for
be sensible of the care that has been himself and his attendants, or those
taken of tbem, they bad expressed a who shall be sent at any time fol"
wllUngness to retire from Conesto- their services at Conestogoe.
loa; yet the Government bere had These things being delivered to
persuaded tbem to continue near us; them they a.ppeared very well pleas-
we had run a Une around tbem that ed, and to that part in whicb the in-
none might come Dear them, and had Closing by surveys the lands where
fenced their corn fields by John Car- they are seated, which would not be
tledge's care. who alone being placed broke in upon; they further desired.
within those lines, may be the more that the lands on which the Shaw-
capable of looking after tlie tract and, neis and Ganawese are settled on
the bounds of it. It ill also furtber Susquehannah, should likewise be
thought fit, th,at lines should be run encompassed with Unes at the dis-
around the other Indian towns, as tsnce of four miles from the river,
lOon as conveniently may be to se- tha.t they might not be disturbed by
cure them the more effectually from the cattle of any pe'rsons settling
Incroachments. But while sucb care near them.
is taken of thep!, it is expected they The skins they deUvered in the
shall in all cases on their parts morning having been numbered and
shew a due regard to this Govern- as ordered, they were found
ment. that they be aiding to all its 28 s m d ki i th
, u er eer s ns n e
omcera in what may lie in their hair, many of them ordl- Pds. s. d.
Power, that they suffer no idle per- nary weight 681. at 18d. 5 2 0
sons to spread rumors amongst them 10 small Drest Skins, wt.
or if they hear any such tha,.t they 181. at 3-6d. ........... 2 2 0
give no credit to them, tbat if they I Good Winter Buck in the
can discover any evil minded persons 2 8 1:
to have ill designs against this Gov- ----
ernment, or any part of it, they must 8 6 0
Digitized by Coogle
What is preprred lind WaS
delivered them, are Pds. s.
8 Stromi Water Cnab; of
the best sort. ;;t .. .
10 lb. of Powder, at 20d .. .
2iJ lb. lnad, ....... .
6 pr. Stockin2;s, pL Lkw
and pt. Red, at 2-9d ....
1 De;e. Tobac;;o Hones at ..
1 Doc. Tobace:o TOnge,
12 lb. Toba.cco, at 4d ..... .
3 Doc. Pipes ......... .
1 Red Stroud to the Quepn
16
4
ill 718- The nOld Saw;;npah Tliwr."
. In Ve:l. 9 r;f the 2mi Ffertes of th;;
Penna. Archive;;; iJ2iJ, ;;ndE;r th;;
date of the second of the 11th month;
1,717-18, which is the second of Jan-
ueXb, 1718, at a meeting of the Coun-
cE fmajd 1;; statpd that, "Thp Cum
mls;;lopprr b;;inb bform;;d ,hpt friat
thlas Vanbebber, from Me:rylpnd.
taking with him Henry Hollins-
Torth, ha;i lately surveyed a con-
10 17 stde;abie traet ;f ian;? nEar the head
ThEsn bninF deli;;e;;Ed the Go;;er of Gequer; Creok in tills PmV1e:cr,
nor gave them an ;;nte:rt;;inme;;t, ;;nd including withh the same th;; Ok
the secretary was ordered to provide Sawannah Town, by virtue of war-
for them as from the first all neces- rants from Maryland, and offering
s;;dqq, ;JuGn; st;;y and for the p;;nplq settie;i under this Gov-
th;;ir j;mrrey 0;; their r;;tu;'r; Eor;;e. qj;nllienl to srll lLrdt t;; them
This W;;r ;;romintnt tr;;aty an;? I right Mal'ylan;? ar;d make
much that had heretofore disturbed i good titles for th;; samli."
these people waS now put at rest I This item I quote not so much for
llind settled. Its fHsciosure of the claims of Mary-
HIS-AddItional Steps Taken To- i
wards the Conestoga Road. It is here set (;2rt}; a;; b;;in;; n;a; Un;
It is perhaps appurtel!ant to this: head of Pequea Creek; in the
Indian rUI;;jelif to notIce tlie steps Quarter Sessions Records of Cheste:'
t;;ke;; fO I;'uryh;;;; op;;;; county of thE; "lia, 1719, August Ses-
ti;m te; tMs C;;ne;;to};a sLttl;;m;;nt; ;io,,;;, ;oah des;frH;ed ;;ror;lj;;i.;
and the proceedings to do so are s;;t the 0 ;to;;;;rn C;;eL}; tho "0;;1
forth in Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. Sawannah Town," so that it wouk
4f a;; f;;llnwL appear that the Shawnese Indians
;;tHion ;.;;veral bh;;[:itf;nt;; l;ad th;;lr towns all along the Pequen
of and near Conest;;g;;.e, Beuin" f;;rtI; (;re;;k end ;;jso a]] ;;iO;;g the Octor-
the great necessity of a road to be aro Creek.
1718 -:\ n India;; Sig"er of the Co;;-
est,01;;8 Tr;;z;ty of tIT;ls Y"lir;
laid out from Conestogoe to Thomas
Monre';; ;;nd li5;;a;;dy;vlne, was read
and tho va"In" tn1;;e;; tLe ;;aid
In Vol. 2 of Watson's Annals;
petition ipto c;;n;;ideration. :809, he gives the following eulogy of
eded Isaac Taylor; John CartJ;;dg;; Ided;;w;;wnY amI ;gay;;: "Nedowaway
Ezekiel Harland, Thomas Moore; ma;; In;iian Chief (;i the %el;;-
lus;;ph Clou;:;: and William Marsh, to wares; of more than ;;omm;n ;;h;ua;:-
lny nut ti;:;; ;;ai;i Rr;ad, nnd mv;k;g
port ther;;of at this %o;:;rd. I;; oedv: ter, who had become a Chri;;tian,
to be confirmed." . and died in Ohio In 1776, at ninety
I this to show that the neces- J'ea;;s of age. His name appears

desired thing." ,hood he is ;;aid tn rEaVE) ;;e;;;; vVil-
I JILl U I
oJ L'
I '
1Iam Penn on his second visit in I Therefore, we desire that the
1701-2. As a trusty and discreet Governor would be pleased to favor
chief, he had been trusted with the I us with his sentiments In the prem-
preservation of all the verbal speech- ises and either appoint a committee
es, bead vouchers, and wampum, and of the Council to join a commission
with such writings and Instruments of this House, or otherwise, as the
as had come from William Penn and Governor shall think fitt, to concert
his early Governors, etc. propE'r methods to remove the jeal-
He was grieved with the encroach- ousles already raised In the minds of
ments of the white men, westward, the Inhabitants concerning these
on the Indian Lands; and early for- foreigners; as also to prevent the In-
seeing that wars must ensue, and convenlencles which may attend
that his people must be sufterers, he their settlment In one place. or pro-
resolved with his people to get far mlscously among the Indians."
oft In the west. By the advice of the The fear of difficulties arising
Wyandot chief, he settled on the between the Foreigners and the In-
Cayahage river, where he was visited I
and seen by Heckewelder In 1772. dians, Is here set forth.
See in his picture in this work'll719-COIOnel FreDch's Treaty with
how pensive he sits alone, and pon- the Conestoga Indians.
ders In the mute eloql,lence of grlef,l On the 28th of 1719, Colonel
upon his former well known scenes, I French reached Conestoga in com-
along the mountain range traversing I pUance with a direction from the
the Susquehanna, near Harrisburg. Government that he should go there
The picture seems te speak his In- to make a further treaty with those
ward emotions and distress at being I
obliged to leave the regions of his I Indians; and having done so he gives
former home." the following report of the treaty
This strikes me as an Interesting which is found In Vol. 3 of the Col.
episode revealing the side of Indian Rec., p. 78; and In which report hE'
character that we do not always states that he addressed the Indians
give credit for. as follows:
1718-Jealousy AgaInst the Pala
o
"Friends and Brethren:
tines Amongst the Conestoga By the seal to this paper affix-
Indians. ed, and by myoid acquaintance and
In Vol. 2 of the Votes of Assembly I friendship with you, you will be-
p. 220 the Assembly In a speech to Ueve that I am a true man, and sent
the Governor says, in referring to from your good friend and Brother,
the Palatines settling among the the Governor of Pennsylvania, to let
Conestoga Indians, "That the coming you know that we will be pleased
in of so many foreigners rests upon and satisfied with the letter he re-
us with great concern and the more I ceived, by the of our good
for that they have no license from' friend John in the begin-
the King to transport themselves ning of this month, signed in behalf
here; and the royal charter seems of you four nations here met, In
to be against them, unless they were which letter you declare severally
denlzis'd or at least come under the
proper tests that should largely dls- I your Intentions of keeping his words,
tlngulsh them from his Majesty's: and If any among you have done
enemies. : amiss, and departed from what was
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIA..V TRIBES 236
right and good In keeping your pro- This Is plain mark that he and we'
mlses, to observe strictly with all the are your true friends, for If we were
Indians In Friendship and League not then we should encours.ge you
with the 'English, you have therein to destroy one another. For frllmt'l ..
acknowledged your errors and mis-I save people from ruin and destruc-
takes, a.nd engaged to offend no tlon but enemies destroy them, and
more In that nature or case. this will serve as a mark to know all
The Governor takes these assur- people by who are your enemies,
ances of your good behavior very either amongst you or elsewhere, if
kindly, and now he and his Council they want, or study to throw strife
have sent me on purpose to visit you and dissention .amongst you. These
that I might further treat with you, are a base and bad people, and ought
and receive from you In the same to be rooted out from amongst you;
manner and as fully a.s If he and his for love and friendship makes
Council (of which I am one) were all people multiply, but malice and
here, and present with you a renewal strife ruins and destroys. Such
of these good promises and engage- should therefore be shut out, both
ments with you, so well and largely from you and us, as disturbers of
give him an account of your affairs our peace and Friendship which hath
and how matters go with you. I always continued.
must therefore acquaint you from I am also to acquaint you, that
my Governor, that as you In your you have In a grave and solemn
treaty call yourselves his children, manner renewed your last treaty
he will always treat you as his sons, with me, on which message I now
and he has. ever since your good come, that our Governor will write
friend William Penn, (who Is now, to all the G'overnors of the English,
dead) send amongst you endeavored I that the Indians within the Govern-
by all means to keep you in peace, I ment are resolved to live peaceable
and give you other tokens of his I and quietly, and for that reason that
friendship thlllt you might flourish they should give notice to all tht'ir
and increase, that your old men Indians thereof, and that all the
might see their children grow to friends to the English should be ac-
their comfort and pleasure, and that counted as one people, and the Go\'-
the young men might bury their old ernor desires that you will let him
parents when they die, which Is know of what nation these Indians
much better than to see your old I were who gave you the late dlsturb-
people mourn for their young sons I ance, that they may especlaly be or-
, dered to do so no more.
who rashly and without cause go to I I am also to 'aCqualnt you that It Is
war and are killed In the prime of ,
their years; and he now hopes that the Governor s pleasur'J, that If any
you are fully convinced thlllt Peace of the Five Nations come amongst
Is better than war, which destroys you to trade or hunt, that you re-
you and will bring you to nothing; c e l v ~ them as friends and Brothers;
your. strong young men being flrst but If they come amongst you either
killed, the old women and children I to persuade you to go to war or to
are left defenseless, who soon will go themselves, or In their return
become a prey. And so all the na- i from It, that then you have nothing
tion perishes without leaving a I to do with them nor entertain them;
name to Posterity. for he expects that none of his
Digitized by Coogle
friends will know any people but i by torture here, for whoever does it
such as are peaceable, lest they! must answer to the Governor and
hring you into a snare, and you suf- : Government at their peril. It is in-
fer hurt for their faults. : consistent with the ways of Nations;
The Governor expects and requires i it is a violent affront to our Govern-
that if any Prisoners by any means I ment, and it is contrary to the Laws
whatever fall iuto any of your hands ,of the Great King and will not suf-
that he be quickly acquainted with i fer it.
it. and that no l)erSOn offer or take: As our natural and good friend-
UJlon him to kill any stranger prls- 1 ship has long continued, sc the Gov-
oner for it will not be suffered here. ! ernor hopes, and the Government al-
He has been much displeased at I so, that it will last from one gen-
what happened, and was done by' eration to another, as long as the
some amongst you last year In these I sun endures, and that we shall all
parts, but he is now again a friend ,be of one mind, one heart, one in-
lIpon their promise and engagement I cllnation, ready to help one another
to do so no more, and will take no i in all just and good ways, by Charity
more notice of It If they observe and I Compassion and mercy, sticking
fulfill their words. It Is indeed a I: close and invio':'.bly to all treaties
shameful and a base thing to treat heretofore made, and most exactly
a creature of their own shaope and ito this now concluded, which he
kind worse and more barbarously i hopes will forever last and remain
than they would a Bear or Wolt, or i to your good and prosperity, which
the most wicked creature upon, he . and his Government heartily
fOarth. It is not man-like to see a wish. And as it is expected that
hundred or more people singing 1 every article of this treaty be from
songs of joy for the taking of a pris-I the whole hearts of all of you, so if
oner, but It Is much worse to see 1 amongst yourselves you know of any
them use all their contrivance of I who have from your last treaty or
torture and pain to put unfor- ! wlll dissent from this, let them be
tunate creature to death after such I known either by their own words or
a manner and war as other Nations, ! your knewledge of them, for what I
especially the English, never heard! do is done with the whole consent of
of It; for if they in a just war kill I cur G'overnor, Council and People."
their enemies It is not like men in I The Council at Conestoga ill addi-
the battle, and if they take them; tlon to Colonel French consisted of
prisoners they use them well nad' Capt. James Gould, Joseph Piegeon,
kindly, until their King gives them John Ca.rtledge, James Hendricks-
orders to return them to their own: son; and Canatowa, Queen of the
Country. They take no pleasure to, Mlngoes, Sevana, King of th!! Shaw-
meanly burn, pinch or slash a poor anese, .:wlghtomina, King of the
man who can not defend himself, It, Delawares. Waninchack, King of the
h i it d t
ft e . Canawages, and Capt. Civility of
sows mean sp r s an wan 0 1 U Conestogoa; and before that Councll
Courage so to do. For men of true I the Indians the next day, .Tune 29,
Courage are always full of mercy. I 1719, gave the following report:
am commanded to tell you, aond I I "Ctvllity Interpreter In behalf of
would have you remember it well, the four nations, who all agreed to
that no person whatever offer after I return one answer, acquainted John
this time to put any man to death: Cartledge, Interpreter for the Eng-
Digitized by Coogle
lish, that this day the Indians were I whole hearts, and die heart of every
met to return an a.nswer to the Gov- one. They desire the Governor to
ernor's speech by Colonel French, believe, a.nd be assurred that the"
and on no other account. Looking will be obedient to his words, and
upon everything said to Colonel that they ever have and ever willi
French to be said as if the Governor advise their young people to be
and his Council were there present, mindful of his good advice. They ac-
and well knowing Colonel to be a knowledged themselves so much ob-
true man to thIs Government and to liged to the Governor for hIs care
the Indians. They return with one and concern for them, that they in-
heart and mind their thanks to the tendeft in two months time to wait
Governor for his kInd message. They upon the Governor personally, to re-
meet him and take him by the hand, turn their heart thanks for such love
and are forever determined that his from hIm and his Government.
will shall be theirs, and that on all I Colonel French also produces an
occasions they will be ruled by the la.ccount of his Expenses, viz.: eight
same.. Pounds five Shillings expended in
They desire that the Governor money and for the trouble of his
may be acquainted that they are Journey and negotiation he refers it
much pleased that his message came to the Board, who allow him ten
whilst their young people were at Pounds.
home, for whom they had lately been John Cartledge's Acct. of his sev-
in pain and trouble as being absent eral Disbursements and payments to
and abroad, that they might hear his the Indian, and his charges en-
good words and Council which both tertaining and treating them on sev-
old and young of the Mingoes, Shaw- eral occasions, by order of the Gov-
anese, Delawares and Conawages ernment, was also laid before the
are resolved to hearken to; for Board, viz: nine Pounds, ten ShU-
though hitherto they havtl taken ling supplied in Goods for a present
for Day, yet now by his good to the Indians at Colonel French's
counsel they can see the light and aforementioned treaty, and three
what is good for them. They are pounds for other presents, and ten
glad that none of their young people Pounds sixteen Shillings and four
miscarried in their late Journey, and pence for his several other expenses
that being now present, they have an and trouble, amounting in a.ll to
opportunity of hearing the Gover- twenty-three Pound, six Shillings
nor's message by French, for and four pence due to John Cart-
most of them were absent when the ledge; which account being duly ex-
other letters from the Governor ami ned is allowed, and order to be
came, as also that they have an op- I recommended to the Asesmbly to
portunIty to ask their opinions and lorder the payment thereof, together
designs. Their young people all with Colonel French's account the
agree to obey the Governor's words whole being forty-one Pounds, eleven
and message, and as Colonel French Shillings and four Pence, and is the
yeterday told them that what he whole charge of Indians treaties for
said was with the whole heart of the present year."
Governor and Council; so they de-
clare that what they say Is not from
their mouth only but from their
What this treaty conta,ined and
the report of it needs no comment, as .
it is sufficiently set forth in the ce-
cords.
Digitized by Coogle
239 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHA.1'IlNOCKS AND
1719 - The IDdlanl OD tile SUlque-! approached Chrlstlanna and ravaged
hanna Acculea of Outrages III lour corn fields close to the Fort
there, upon which our Indians sal-
lied out and a skirmish ensued,
Ute South.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec. p. 86, Gov-' wherein were two of ours and four of
ernor Spotswood of Virginia com- yours k1lled. In September follow-
plains against our Indians as fol- Ing they came In the Night and lay
lows: In ambush before the gate at the
"After your Indians found them- Fort, and at the opening thereof they
selves not strong enough to attempt shott the first person that came out,
anything upon our Christianna In- and kept firing upon the Fort until
dlans in their new situation," they the English got to the great Guns,
marched home In May, 1719, openly and so scared them away without Blny
threatening to return again with a further mischief done at that time.
greater force to try the strength of I At length I found means to per-
our Fort, and having taken their suade one of their War Captains,
route through our inhabitants, they (who calling himself Connatightoora)
marched as through an enemy's I' to come In with ten more to a Coun-
Country, living on free quarters, and cll held here at Williamsburg, on the
committing several robberies and ninth of December last, where I
outrages on their way, and that we with abundance of civil treatment,
might understand they intended to endeavored to engage him to carry a
continue their course. They In their Belt of Peace to their Five Nations
way home, stopt on the 20th of May I In behalf of our Christianna Indians,
at the Conoy Town, under t.he Gov-I' but he hautlly refused the same, and
ernment of Pennsylvania, there sent answered that they would not be at
for one of his Majesty's Justices of peace with them upon any terms,
the Peace for the County of Chester, I however I prevllliled upon him to
and upon his (Mr. John Cartlidge's) carry It with this proposal: That the
arrival they sit down before him In Five Nations should observe their
a grand Council of War, produce fif- ancient treaty with this Government
teen prisoners, bid him discourse so far as not to come among the
with two of them that spoke EngUsh. English Plantations, and partlcularly
He finds them Virginians born, and that none of their Warriors should
Intercedes for their lives and liber- approach within twenty miles of our
ti
. h I Fort at Christiana."
es, t ey refuse his request a.nd in
fine tell him they have made a path F r ~ m this complaint of Spots-
to pass and repass to and from the wood s we are almost forced to ad-
Southward, having removed all ob- mit that the Conestogas and other In-
tacles out of the way, and that theydlans of this neighborhood being
expected to have free recourse for' forced by the Senecas and other
their people amongst the English I tribes of the Five Nations, who were
plantations, whilst they were ma.kln ,their masters were forced to make
war. g war parties Into Maryland and Vir-
Soon after they returned In sev-
eral parties carrying themselves very
rudely to our outward Inhabitants,
and In the month of July last, they
ginia, much against their will as we
shall see very clearly In the remon-
strance which the Conestogas made
about these proceedings the next
year.
Digitized by Coogle
171D-The Conestoga Indians COmoj171D-An Attack Made Upon the In.
plaIn that the Southern Indians dian Traders.
are Attacking Them. In Vol. 1 of Watson's Annals, p. 97.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 66, at'l he says that in the year of 1719 the
a CounciJ held it was set forth by I Indian Traders at the head of Poto-
Governor Keith that he received a mac were attacked by some Indians
I
and defeated, with the loss of many
letter from Conestoga and his com- I lives.
m?,nt upon it as follows: 1
171
9.-A Lot of the Five Nations
I have received a letter from the I Now LIve at C.nestoga.
letter to Mr. Secretary Logan, which It appears from Vol. 3 of the Col.
Indian Chiefs at Conestogoe by a I
inform us, that our Indian Hunters Rec., p .66, that some of the Five Na-
have been atacked near the head of I tions are living on the Susquehanna
Potowmack River by a considerable 1 lilt this time, because in the book and
body of Southern Indians come out at the page mentioned, a letter from
to war against the Five Nations. and I the Chiefs at Conestoga states that
the Indian settlements on Susque- I the Southern Indians came out to
hanna I war with the Five Nations and
They have kllled several our, against them and agamst other In-
people, and alarmed them a.lI, so that I dian settlements on the Susque-
th f 1 tt ti d i""l hanna River, and that several of our
e care u a en on an v people were kllled. And on p. 67
of the Government was never mort! f th bo k dditl 1 i
called upon than at this Juncture, 0 e same 0 a ona v ews
are given of the same event and it is
and much wlll depend upon your un- there stated that peace is likely to
animous and steady resolutions to
support the administration in all its
Plllrts."
From this it will appear that the
above c(lmplaint of Spotswood may
ensue.
1720-The GOTernor of VirginIa says
that Our Caused Bacon's
Rebelllon.
be unfair because our Indians now In Vol. 3 of the Colonial Re.,c., p.
complain that the Southern Indians i 89, Governor Spotswood of Virginia
were making war upon them. I in a long letter to Governor Keitb,
which begins at p. 82, sets forth in
171D-Indlan WIgwams Along the regular order the dilrerent war ex-
Octoraro Creek. peditions which he claims our In-
Rupp in his History of Lancaster dians made to the South among his
County at the bottom of page 42, in Indians; and among other things be
a nQte says, "The Shawnese had wig- says that in 1712-13 they came to his
wallls along the bank of the Octoraro country and assisted the Tuscaroras
creek, near the present boundary of to slaughter people of the South; and
Chester and Lancaster county. When that a little later, during the Tus-
the road, in 1719 to Christiana bridge, carora, war, two hundred of our In-
etc., was laid, its course was defined dians went SOllth and fell upun the
-to the fording pllllCe at Octoraro, Virginia traders; and that in 1717,
at old Shawana town, thence ever while he was with the Chief'l nf the
Octoraro, along the Indian path, etc. Catawbas making peace, our Indians
Court Records, at Chester, August joined with the Tuscaroras and fell
Term, 1719." on the 28th of August and the 15th
Digitized by Coogle
of September of the same year five I had desired him not to fan to proceed
hundred of our young warriors be-, to SusQuehannah and there discourse
gan a slaughter' on some of his In- I the Indians concerning their late
dillllls about the Susquehanna river; : message to him, excusing their not
and on the unarmed Cat&wbas; and coming to town had been proposed
that In 1718 our Iudlana were by reaeon of some trouble they were
hoverlng- around the white settle- under, the loss of some of their men
ments In the South, looking for a slain by the Southern Indians; and
chance to kill their people; and that thereupon desiring the Governor to
In 1719 our Indiana started back but come up to them; That acordlngly
threatened to come again with force, he went, and finding the Indians dp.-
and that on their way home they slrous to speak with him, he appolnt-
stopped on the 20th of May at Conoy ed the 27th of last month, that the
Town and sent for John Cartledge, Chiefs of the Mingoes or Conestogoe
one of the Justices and complained Indians, the Sachem or Chief of the
to him; and finalJy he accuses them Shawanese, the Chief of the Gana-
that a good long time ago they lead wese, with' several of their people,
the famous Insurrection Into Virginia and some of the Dela.wares, met him
calJed "Bacon's rebelllon." on the said day at John Cartledge's,
1720-The MaiD Bod,. of tbe Tns- and being all sate, Peter Bizalllon
and John Cartledge, Interpreters,
James Logan first spoke to the In-
dians telllng them, that as they had
caroras are Now on the Sus-
qaehaDna RITer.
Governor Spotswood in the letter been long expected at Phlladelphla,
just Quoted in Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec. in pursuance of their own messages
says that these Tuscaroras massa- I for that purpose, but instead of com-
cred some hundreds of English and i ing had lately sent to the Governor,
that they have at this day the chief desiring for some reasons that he
murderers, and the greater part of would come up to them; He, their
their Nation seated under their pro- old friend, with whom they had been
tection near Sasquehanna river acquainted in their treaties for
where they removed when they I twenty yelllrs past, being now come
found that they could no longer sup- upon business in these parts are wlll-
port them against the forces which ing to hear from themelves, now
the Engllsh brought on. only how it was with them, but the
1720-James Logan AgaIn at Cones- occasion of their delaying their jour-
ney to Philadelphia so long, and at
leugth sending the message to the
toga In a Treat,..
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 92, Governor. They hereupon sat silent
James Logan makes a report of an- for some time without appearing
other treaty he held at Conestoga, ready to speak to anything, and
and he sets forth the report, as fol- make no returns, the Secretillry
lows: "James Logan, Secretary, re- pressed them to answer him, telllng
ported to the Board, that having them that he asked these questions
lately acquainted the Governor thlllt in behalf of the Governor and the
he had occasion to go towards the I Government, that they themselves
farther end of the Great Valley, on had appeared desirous to speak to
the road to Conestogoe, the Governor him, and that as they now had an
Digitized by Coogle
opportunity they ought to prooeed I pretlng that Into Engllsh. Thay spoke
and speak their m\nds freely. To, as follows, viz: .
which at length they answered, that That the last year Colonel French
there bad been lately killed by the came to them on a message from the
Southern Indians twelve men, ten of Governor to inquire Into their health,
the Mlngoes or Five Nations and two and how It was with them, their
Shawanese, about one hundred and children and their grandchildren.
sixty miles from that place, which That they were now ready to give
was the occasion of their, sending a.n answer to all that he had said to
that message. James Logan asked tUm, but that now they would speak
them whether these two Shl!-wanese freely from the bottom of their
had been abroad hunting, they an- hearts, and their friend might de-
swered, No! They had gone out to pend on not having words only but
war. He then demanded the reason their truest inward s ~ n t l m e n t s wlth-
why they would offer to go to war out reserve; and then they laid down
after their solemn promise to our. a bundle of undrest deer skins.
Government to the cOlltrary. The I That Colonel French and those with
Chief of the Shawnese replied that a' him told from the Governour, that
dispute arising among some of their I the message that the Governor sent
young men, who was the best man, I them and the advice he gave them
to end It they resolved to make the was for his heart and for their good,
tryal by going out to war, that they I and that they would as freely speak
could not be restrained, but took the from their hearts. The Governor ad-
opportunity of accompanying some of II vised thme to go out no more to war,
the Five Nations that were going out, nor to join with any of the Five Na-
and took their road that way. i tions or othello';, that when out for that
The Secretary told them that he I purpose, but to llve at peace with all
should have a great deal to say to I people, and If any prisoners were
them on these heads, and that the i brought to their towns, they should
day befng now far advanced, he must I not suffer them to be burnt or tor-
desire them to meet him the same tured; that though some' of their
place in the morning, and then treat- I peqple were kllled once or again, yet
ing them to some drInk they with- II they should not go out but bear it,
drew. but the third time they might all go
Next morning the same persons at-lout as one man together; that this
tended, bringing some bundles of I they thought was somewhat too hard
skins with 'them, from whence it I upon them, if they must be confined
being conjectured that the Indians de- as prisoners at home, and could not
signed to begin a discourse. All : go to meet their enemies that came
being seated after some time being i against them.
spent In silence, the Mingoes or Con- That when Governor Penn first
estogoe Indians began. A Ganawese held councils with them, he promised
Indian, who called him Captain them so much love and friendship
Smith, and is said knows all the that he would call them brothers, be-
several languages, viz: his own or cause brothers might differ, nor chll-
the Ganawese, the Mlngoe, the dren because these might offend and
Shawnese and Delaware, to perfec- require correction,but he would reck-
tion, being appointed interpreter in- on them as one body, one blood, one
to the Delaware Tongue, and Peter heart and one hand; That they al-
Blzallion and John Cartledge inter- I ways remembered this, and should
Digitized by Coogle
243 AXXALS OF THE SU A.'W
theh K:;arts ad accmrdingilly that dead. ccd of ayrrkants
few of the old men who were at also dead but the league still remains
those councils were Jiving; these and they now take this
wcre rcmoved aad wcr'c therr 20 rer'rrc' anrj rtrend4.dan it with their
\ery young men are now grown up friend. who has always relJresented
to succeed. but they transmitted it to William Penn to them since he left
rhrrh' cjilliriren. tharr and theire them {me daaeratlaa maa die
bhould remember it forever; that another may die but the League of
they regarded not reports or what friendship continues strong and shall
was srrEri abrrri.hr thelr head was forevErrr conUrrrre so an park
PRriladeRpha, and they were one And this is not said in behalf of
with him, on him they depended that themselves. the Mlngoes only. but of
ihey shrmrd ktoW ororythhrp thrr, rrIl thrr Indirrrrr. on %Ere
rrorrcerokd them . they give another Bundle of Deer
The Ganawese in behalf of their: skins. Captain Civility throws down
uerrple are tRad they smr bunrHrr of and kays,
"eeer aayihlng frrrm 2hey aEI join and send that as a pre-
ernment, at Philadelphia, but good ."sent to the Governor to make him a
rrdvice rmd w'iat Is their' Hatt They yyy In l}yhalf
trrHe; thYkr prerrrrrrr chlrrf wae the Gkmawer.r, that they Rrrwe
once at a Council with William Penn, writing to show their" league of
before they rr:moved bio thirr friendrUp air the nthers Ynve
iilr.re, ami that YKnce ,hey into rherernre derr1r:r: that ttey be
It, they have always lived quiet and vored with one at least if they should
in Peace which they rran:rnrrrss reasnn of r irm, wlrlr r:
r:nd ara thankfiri for that the ls br:.mrrht them lar.ne quanti
\"Ice that is send them is a.lways so ties, they must be cast orr and for-
much for their good that they can' gotten ,hat thrry were
::r:t but nladly receirn lt, thr- nhip wlth ur.
sun sets they sleep in Peace and In The Indians being met again after
Peace they rise with him, and so some refreshments. the Secretary
'whl1n he rrnntin:.t:.tr. hE:: ::pok;: as fo rows:
course, and think themselves happy I It must be a great satisfaction to
in their Friendship, which they shall' all honest and good men, to find that
2rrke Carr to h:.rrre eontnlurrd from the merSur:.r:.r that dreat mrn,
Generaton to Generation. And that' Iiam Penn, took to establish a firm
as it shall thus forever continue on I friendship with you has had such an
i hrrlr ; so they rlirr::lre. thr exce Jrnt snrrrrss. prr:r:ReceS15(rY'r
bame continue on the Governor's i and you have always found him sin-
[Jart, and that if any reports should I cere In what he professed. He al-
heTHi.E concerning trliem, drr wayr H"derrrd those powrrr' dur'inH
sire It may not be believed to their I his absence to shew you all the like
disadvantage, for they will still be friendship and arrection. Every Gov-
t:-rre and the at pro ernor c;sme har ireen sam .. ':
tessed themselves and then lay down you, and the present Governour, Col-
a bundle of Deer Skins. To Cones- lonel Keith, shewed the same disposi-
wgoes rmy, "'ilLE;sm Perm mar:ln tion iznmedirrirrTy uy:rm his ;sr-rivalr
league with HAem to last for three hastening up to you with his coun-
or four generations; that he is now, ell aond many of his !'relnds as soon
Jigi!iz: gle
as he heard that you were in trouble.
,
you, but I must do it for your good;
should not be a true friend should
I forbear it.
You know then, my Brothers, that
the cause is, that some of your young
men had unadvisedly gone out to
perfect peace and Unity above any war in company with others of the
other Government in America, and Five Nations against these Southern
you renewing the chain at this time Indians. Young men love to go
upon the Decease of your great sometimes to war to shew their man-
with us who remain allve, is hood, but they have unhappily gone
so affectionate and kind that I shall against Indians that are in Friend-
not fall to represent it duly to the ship with the Engllsh. You know,
Governor and your good friends in that as of the Five Nations some are
Philadelphia. This chain has been called Isawandowaes, some Cayoo-
made nearly forty years agoe; it is gooes, some Onondogoes, some Oney-
at this time strong and bright as ever, i ookes, and some Connyingoes, yet
and I hope will continue so between 'I they are all one people, so the Eng-
our Children and your Children, and lish though they have different Gov-
their Children's children to all Gen- ernments, are divided into New Eng-
erations, while the water flows or the I land, New York, New Jersey, Penn-
sun shines in the Heavens; and may 1ylvania, Maryland, Virginia and
the Great Spirit who rules the Hea- Carolina, yet they are all under one
vens and the Earth, and who made I great king who had twenty times as
and supported us all, who is a many subjects as all these, and has
to all good men who love Justice and I in one city as many subjects as all
Peace, continue the same blessings the Indian that we know in North
upon it forever. I America. To him we are all subject
But my friends and brothers, as we I and are all governed by the same
are obliged to take care of each laws; Therefore, those Indians who
other, and as the English have op- are in League with one Government
portunitles of seeing farther than are in League with all; your friend-
you, I flnd myself obliged in behalf ship with us recommends you to the
of our Governor and Government, to Friendship of all other English Gov-
offer you some advice that may be ernments, and their friends are our
of great importance to you, and friends. You must not therefore,
which at this time is absolutely nec- hunt or annoy any of the English or
You on your parts have been faith-
ful and true to us, whatever reports
might have spread, yet the chain was
still preserved strong and bright. You
never violated it. We have lived in
essary. any of their friends whatsoever.
You acquainted me yesterday with These Southern Indians, especially
a loss that you had sustained, viz: the Tootelese. formerly made friend-
that twelve men, ten of the Five Na- ship with you, and I believe that it
tions and two Shawanese, had been was they who lately sent you the
lately cut off b,. the Southern In- nine belts of Wampum, to continue
. dians, not two hundred miles from the League; They Desired Peace, yet
this place, which grieves me exceed- the Five Nations and some of your
ingly. I rash young men have set upon them;
I am scarcely willing to mention pray remember, they are men as well
the Cause of it lest I should trouble as you, consider therefore, I request
Digitized by Coogle
245 ANXALS OF THE SPSQUEHA1'olNOCKS AND
)'OU, what you would think of your-' now owing to those who desire noth-
selves should you suffer these or any Ing more than to see all the Indians
other people to come year after year' cut off, as well to the Northward as
and cut off your towns. your wives' the Southward, that Is the French
and children, a.nd those that escape' of Canada. for they would have the
should sit still and not go out against i Five Nations destroy the Southern
them. you would not then deserve: Indians, and the Southern Indians
to be accounted men; and as they, t destroy you and the Five Nations,
you find are men It Is no wonder If the destruction, being their Desire.
they come out to meet these young i The Governor told you, by Colonel
fellows and endeavor to destroy i French, that they were your enemies
them and their familles. : who put you upon war, and they are
I must further, as your friend, lay I your truest friends who would pre-
before you the consequence of your serve you in Peace, Hearken to the
suffering any of your young men to, advice of your friends and you will
join with those of the Five Nations be preserved. You see how your
They come through your towns and! numbers yearly lessen; I have
bring back their prisoners through', known about three score men be-
. rour settlements, thus they open a I longing to the Town, and now I see
clear path from' these Southern In- I not five of the old men remaining,
dlans to your Towns, and they who: What the Governor has said to you
may have been wrong may follow; by himself, and by Colonel French,
that open path, and first come direct- and what I now say to you is for your
ly as the path leads to you, Thus: own advantage, and if you are your
you, who have done but llttle and by lawn friends you will pursue the
the instigation and advice of others: advice that is given you, If any of
may be the first that are fallen up- the Five Nations go this way in their
on, while those of the Five Nations t going out to war, and call on any of
are safe at home at a great Distance i you to accompany them, you must in-
with their Wives and Children. and, form them as you are In League
)'OU may be the only sufferers, i with us,. and are as one people, you
They have hitherto come out to I cant not break your promises, and it
meet their enemies. who were going i can not be pleasing to them to see
to attack them, and like men they: you living in such friendship with
fight them; but as I am your friend: us, I have said enough on these
I must further inform you that these I heads, and you I hope will lay it up
)leople would come Quite up to your In your hearts and duly observe it;
towns to do the same to you that they let it sink into your minds, for It Is
have suffered, but your being settled: of great weight.
among the English has hitherto pre- The Ganawese having hebaved
served you, for the Governor of Vlr- i themselves well 'slnce they came
ginia and Carolina can no longer' amongst us. and they shall have
hinder them from defending them-' what they desire, Your people of
selves; a'nd desired peace and would I Conestogoe about twenty years agoe
live In Peace if it might be granted' brought the Shawanese with them to
them. ! Philadelphia to see and treat with
I must further inform you as a Governor Penn, and then promised
friend that this whole business of: the Governor that they would answer
making War in the manner you do, .Is for the Shawanese that they should
D i g i t i ~ e d by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER comITY INDIAN TRIBES 24&
live peaceably with us and In I him of their resolution to llve In
'friendship with us. but we find their l1;'eace. and to desire him to acquaint
ears are thick. they do not hear what all his Indians with the same. They
we say to them. nor regard our ad- i readIly agreed to send the belts wlth-
vice. out delay and promised the following
The Chiefs of the Shawanese an- week to bring them to Phlladelphla,
swered to this with a deep concern. but they seemed apprehensive of dan-
that this was occasioned by the ger to their People In going to Vlr-
young men who lived under DO GOV-I glnia. where they were all strangers.
oernment; that when their king who unlesa the Governors would send
'\Vas then living, Opessah. took the some English In Company 'with them
Government upon him. but the people I to protect them..
differed with him; he left them, they After this conference was ended.
had then no Chief. therefore some of Clvllty desired to speak with the
them applied to him to take that Secretary In private. and aD oppor-
charge upon him. but that he had tunlty being given. he acquaJnted the
only the name without any authority. Secretary that some of the Five Na-
and could do nothing. He counselled tions especially the Cayoogoes. had
them. but they would not obey. thereat divers times expressed a dlssatls-
fore he can not answer for them. and faction at the large settlements made
divers that were present, both Eng- by the English on Sasquehannah and
Ush and Indians. confirmed the truth that they seemed to claim a property
of this. or right to those lands. The Seere-
The Secretary hereupon admonlsh- tary answered. that he (viz: Clvll-
ed him and the rest to take a further Ity) and all the Indians were sensl-
Care. that what had been said should ble of the Contrary, and that the
be pressed upon the young people Five Nations had long since made
and duly observed. and then calling over all their right to Sasquehannah
for Liquor and drinking with them to the Government of New York, and
dismissed them. tha.t Governor Penn had purchased
But the Indians. before they would that right with which they had been
depart. earnestly presaed. that on ac- fully acquainted. Civility acknowl-
count of this treaty should with all edged the Truth of this but proceeded
possible speed be dispatched to the to say that he thought It hiB duty to
Governours to the Southward. and to Inform us of It. that we might the
their Indians that further mischief better prevent all misunderstanding.
might be prevented. for they were.ap- The Secretary having made an end
prehensive that the Southern Indians of his report. the Governor observed,
might come out to met the Five Na- that from the last particular year if
tions, and ,then they. as had been there was ground to apprehend that
said to them lying in the road might the Five Nations. especially the Cay-
be the sufferers, but they truly de- oogoes, did entertain some secret
sired peace, and were always against grudges against the advancing of
molesting any Indians that were un- our advanclg settlements upon Sas-
der the protection or lived In friend- queh8iI\nah river, and that it was very
ship with the English. much to be suspected that the Five
The Secretary then proposed to Nations were spirited up by the
them that they should send some of l<'rench agents from Canada or Mis-
their people with Belts of Wampum. sissippl, to make these new and
to the Governor of Virginia, to assure! groundless claims UP0D. us whom
Digitized by Coogle
247 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCS A...'"'lD
they believed to be a mlld defenceless I any ground for the Five Nations to
people, and therefore liable to ~ e : claim a right to any lands upon the
with less hazard and more easily in- : Sasquebannah; and also It was mov-
sulted than 8JIlY of the nelgbboring : ed and agreed upon, that tbe Gover-
colonies; that though the Governor nor should write to the President of
was not under any immediate appre- New York representing the ill treat-
hension of Danger from the Indians ment of our people lately received
of the Five Nations, yet our present from those of the Five Nations In
security semed to depend upon the their 1ll8t return from the Southwara
strengtb and authority of New York, and the 1lI consequence which may
and not upon the peaceable disposl- possibly ensue from their opening a
tion of faith of these barbarians That path to war through our settlement
if the French (as It was but t ~ pro- upon Sasqquehannah."
bable at this juncture), should pur- Governour Keith considered this
sue their usual policy In not only de- treaty at Conestoga a matter of great
baucblng the Indians everywhere importance and he wrote to the Gov-
from the Englisb interest, but also to ern or of New York about the aftair.
provoke and encourage them to make the main pOints of which letter were,
war upon one another. and thereby that we have a great reason to be
to embroil all the English settlements apprehensive of the growth of the
upon this continent every Colony French settlements and the power of
would in that case find themselves the Jesuits over our Indians on the
sufficiently employed In their own Susquehanna, and that the Jesuits
proper defence. And these things are very active in trading to get our
had made such a deep impression up- Indians over to the French and that
on the Governour's mind, but he the Southern Indians are very much
could not but think of the Public provoked and come out to fight the
safety, as well as his honor and Five Nations and pursued to the Sus-
character, to be pa,nlcularly con- I quehanna river. He further says
cerned in making such timely pro- that when Governor Penn settled
Vision for the defence of this colony, I this country, when he came to treat
as the nature of the Constitution and with the Indians settled on Susque-
the good Inclinations of the people hlllllna River, he began to deal with
would permit,' unto which end the New York concerning it, and thaj.
Governors believed that a voluntary I G'overnor Penn on his last visit about
militia might be raised and put un- twenty years ago held a treaty wit.h
der such good regulations by an the Conestogas settled on Susquellan-
_. na River and that the question about
Ordinance as could give no oftence the land WRS taken up.
to any, but be of a general advantage So here we see in this letter that
and security to the Trade and People difficulties about. the lafld around
of this province.
The members present being all Conestogoe were again arising, and
Quakers, some of them desired to be we also see what seems to be a clear
excused from giving their sentiments admission that Penn made the two
upon a subject of that nature but all trips to Susquehanna, of which we
seemed to acquiesce that leave that have spoken of before. All this may
matter wholly to the Governour's be seen in Vol. 3 of the Colonial Re-
cords, pp. 99 to 102. One of the
prudence and good conduct. The chief questions that Logan was try-
Secretary was in the mean time dlr- ing to settle was the' dissatisfaction
ected to examine whether there was of these lands around Suquehanna.
Digitized by Coogle
H2O-The Conestoga IncUans Com.
plain that the Fhe N atJons
Compel Them to Go South
to Fight.
to hear of the welfare of their people.
The Indians delivered two Belts of
Wampum with a written paper,
which they say contains the whole of
what they were ordered to deliver to
There is no doubt that the subjec- the Governor and Councn at the
tion to the Five Nations which the time.
Conestogas were compelled to under- The said paper was read, and is as
go was very galling to them and follows:
frequently brought them into dan- July 16th, 1720.
gerous situations and compelled To our Friends and Brothers, the
them to go on expeditions in the I Governour and James Logan. at
South against their friends. The Con- Philadelphia. These as to what hath
estogas, Conoys. the Ganawese, the been proposed by our Friend and
Delawares and the Tuscaroras, aU I Brother James Logan, when here, of
of which tribes lived around about II our sending to the Southward Gov-
Conestoga and Susquehanna, were ernments to confirm a peace; We
under the Five Nations at this time! are vet:y willing to have and keep
and if they refused to obey' the Five Peace, and therefore send a belt of
Nations, they were in great danger Wampum to confirm It, but we must
.of being butchered themselves. Their leave it wholly to you to perfect the
condition 11'818 pitiable and in a same. As to any of our People Qn
paper sent to the Council at Phlla- this river going to the Southern parts
delphia they set forth their sad con- about the same. it will doubtless oc-
dition. This paper and the proceed- casion the death of us, while the Five
Ings connected with it are as fol- Nations still follow the practice of
lows: At a Council held at Phlladel- going there to war, of whom at this
phia, Jllly 20, 1720, besides the Coun- time there is a great number going
cll and the Governor there were pre- that way; therefore, we plainly tell
sent also "Conestogoe Indians Tago- you. we know not what measures to
leless or Civility, Olanowhachso take, but leave all to you, resolving
Sohals Connedechto's son, Tayuch2 to follow your council, but sure we
einjeh. are to suffer for what we h a v ~ a'l-
Ganawese: Ousewaytelchks or ready yielded to do in the affair
Capta.in Smith, Sahpechtah, Meemee- aforesa,id as soon as the Sinnekaes
ivoonnook, Winjock's son, George come to know thereof, if not protect-
Waaspessum, and John Prince. ed by you, for they will be enraged
Shawanese: Kenneope. against us when they know that we
Edwad Farmer, Sworn Interp'r. are willing to be lilt Peace with those
The Secretary acquainted the Nations, that they resolve to maintain
Board. that the Indians present were war against, and will certainly cut
sent by their chiefs from Conestoga, us off as well as the Back phristian
In pursuance of the resolution they Inhabitants; for they we litre sure,
had taken at the conference he had do not bear true affection to your
lately held with them there, of send- Government. and some of them are
Ing a message to the Goernor of Vlr- already very bold and Impudent to
glnia. the Christian Inhabitants and us also
The Interpreter, by the Governor's for their sakes, whom we are unwil-
order, told the Indians that their ling should have any damage done by
Governor was glad to see them and I them if we can prevnt it, and ill real
Digitized by Coogle
good will do certify the Government I gladness, and the Governour of Vlr-
that we believe they will shortly bave glnla. and bls people received It with
Bome trouble with them if not pre- joy, and everybody believing that
vented. Our Captain TagoteleBB, and II they might sUrel,. depend on tbese
some other of our people comes witb assurances.
our words to ,.ou, and this present
letter taken by bis Interpretation, by
our good friend John Cartlledge,
whom we could have been glad if be
would have come himself and given
an account of matters. We are ,.our
true friend and Brothers at Conesto-
goe." See 3 Col, Rec., ' 102. B.
This needs no further comment as
everything Is set forth fully In the
paper.
The next day the Councll being
met again the Governor spoke a8 fol-
lows to them concerning their
troubles:
"That nothing can be more accept-
able to this Government than that
the Indians should live In Peace wltb
all the Nations around them, but
above all with those who are friendly
with the English Governments. The
Governor has often seriously exhorted
them to It. BInd they had engaged to
go out no more to war, with whlcb
engagements he had acquainted the
Governours to the Southward, and
more specially the Governor of Vir-
glftia, by Captain Smith, who came
from that Governour to the N ortb-
ward, on purpose to engage the
Northern Indians to live in Peace
with all his people and friends. And
the said Gentleman, Ca.ptaln Smith,
they may well remember, was pres-
ent with the Governour at his first
conference with them at Conestogoe
soon after his arrival. when they
promised hi that treaty to go out to
war no more.
That it was a very great satisfac-
tion to all parties to find them thus
engage themselves, though what was
-proposed to them was wholly for
their own benefit and advantage.
Captain Smith carried this news with
Yat notwithstanding all tbese, some
of their young men had been unha.p-
plly prevailed on to go out against
tbe same people. The Governor is
very well pleased to hear by the Sec-
retary's respect on what tbey lately
sa.ld on that head at Conestoga, that
they condemn tbese proceedings, and
excused themselves by the influence
the Five Nations have over their peo-
ple, and that the young men caried
on by the Heat and Blood to martial
exploits, and to shew their manhood
are dlmculty restrained by the more
sage advice of t,helr elders. But It is
now hoped that these young men,
some of them baving forfeited their
lives by their disobedience to theh'
Elders. are also as fully
most strictly to observe these present
engagements; and though the Gover-
our really lies under some disadvan-
tages In the representation he is
now to make to the Governours of
Virginia and Carolina, by reason of
their having failed in their former,
yet he wlll without delay acquaint
these Governours with their renewed
resolutions, and give them all pos-
sible assurances from our Indians,
that nothing in their power shall di-
vert them from a strict observance of
what they have promised for the fu-
ture, and as a binding proof of It
according to the custom of their Na-
tions, shall convey these two belts
of Wampum as firm and inviolable
seals to all that they have said.
These the Governour will convey to
the Governour of Virginia with let-
ters In their favour who sent them,
and a particular account of their
country and habitations, with all
which the Governor of Virginia will
undoubtedly take care to acquamt
Digitized by Coogle
all his IncUans and people. and en- treaty at' Conestoga is set out as fol-
gage, them for the futuI'e to consider lows: "The Secretary lafd before
our friends as his friends. and the' the Board an Account' of the charg-
Governour, wfll endeavof to make es of a Trea.ty held with the Indians,
themal1 as one People. '
Buf as this will require' some tbn
e
at Conestogoe; the 27th day June
and all the Indians in those South- last, being Eight Pounds Four shU-
ern Parts, can not be immediatelyac- lings and 'Eight Pence; as an ac-
quainted with these messages" count of goods and provision. sup-
though the Governor intends to use plied the Indians at Phfladelphia, by
all possible dispatch. They must in order of this Board the '20th of July
the mean tbne take care of them- last, amounting to Eight Pounds,
selves and keep out of the way of Thirteen Shillings and Five Pence,
the Wa.rrior's path, till a good and the whole charge being sixteen'
perfect peace and good understand- , .
ing c8.n be settled. Pounds, eighteen Shillings, and one
But after the Governor has thus penny, from which deducting the
proceded in their behalves, and in presents received from the Indians to
some measure pledges his honor for the value of ten Pounds, four ShU':
them, they must notfaU on any terms lings, there remains due to the 'Sec-
whatsoever, most strictly to make retary the sum of six Pounds, thlr-
good their present' engagements teen Shillings and one penny, which
against the Perswasions of all Peo- accounts being examined were allow-
pIe whatsoever. .
We 'are all friends to the Five Na- ed by the Board, and the Treasurer
, ' , , Is ordered to pay the said Ballance to
tlons, and have a great respect for the Secretary fOTtwith." "
them, and these can not but be .
pleased to find out our Iudlans 1720-The Southern Indla.s Ketal-
live in such Friendship' their late on tile Conestogas.
English Neighbors,' as to resolve also
to live in Peace with all 'their friends.
Whenever any of these Minquays
come amongst them. 'tliey must not
fail to Inform them that they and we
are one people and not to be sepa-
rated in Interest, and we desire that
the Minquays I1-lso may 'be the same,
and live with us as brotters.':
This being interpreted, it was or-
dered tha.t they should be suppUed
with a QUlllrter Cask of powder, fifty
pounds of lead, five gallons of rum:,
with Blsket, Pipes, Tobacco, etc . for
their Journey; in the mean time
that the Treasurer or Secretary
should see them duly accomodated.
This is set forth In Vol. 3 of the Col-
onial Records, pp. 103 to 105.
1720-The Cost 01 the Second Treaty
The above account of the Five Na-
tions forcing the Conestogas to, go
southward and fight their friends il
also taken notice of in Vol. 2 of tL '
Votes of Assembly, p. 258, wbere It is
shown that the expeditions to the
South have an attack upon
our Indians near the head of the
Potomac River, by the Southern In-
dians who are on their way' to Sus-
quehanna to fight our people, by rea-
son of the fact that the Five Na-
tions compel our Indians to go to
war against those of the South.
1720-The Shawanese, Ganawese and
the Delawares Present at Logan's
Treaty with the Con.
estops.
Made at Conestoga.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 92,
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p 107 in which we have discussed the
the cost of James Logan's second treaty made by James Lgoan with
Digitized by Coogle
251 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKB AND
the Conestogas and others, he sets
forth that the Sachem or Chief of the
Shawanese, the Chief of' the Gana-
wese and the people of the Delaware
Indians met him at John Cartledge's
house the same as the chiefs of the
Conestogas. I merely quote this
item to show that these various other
tribes were still living in this neigh-
borhood at this time.
17!ll-A Message Sent to the Cones
toga Indians, BeeRuse of the
Dissatisfaetion of the Vir.
ginian Government.
,In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 116.
it Is set forth that a complaint of
Governor Spotswood of Virginia
caused the Governor and Council in
Pennsylvania to send a message to
the Conestoga Indians, in which he
asked them to be very careful to obey
all the laws and not to offend the In-
dians of the South nor the Governor
in any way.
Keith says in this message that he
has had many conferences with the
Government of Virginia about our
Indians., As the result of
this the Conestoga Indians and other
Indians at Susquehanna river promiS-
ed that they would not cross' the
Potomac river to go South. if the
Southern Indians will 'not cross the
Potomac River to come north. And
the Governor further says that our
Indians never do go down across the
Potomac River.
1721-The Conestoga Indians Send a
Peaeeful Message to the South
ern' Indians.
In the book and at the page last
mentioned it is set forth that he Con-
estoga and alUed Indians sent by
Governor Keith to Virginia several
belts of wampum as pledges of Peace .
with all the Indians from the South.
On the next page we find that Keith
the Governor of Virginia that I
shall mention and include the Indians
of the Susquehanna Country with his
Cherokees and other Southern In-
dians.
1721-The Five Nations Come to Con.
estoga to Make a Treatr.
p. 118, It is set forth that the depu-
ties of the Five Nations are on their
way to Conestoga to treat with this
Province; and word is sent to Phila-
delphia that the Five Nationas are
coming to treat. (120).
This statement is given by the Gov-
ernor to the Board or Council iI.
which he says that he had yesterday
received an express from the ConeS-
toga, intimatbig that they were cer-
tainly informed of some deputies of
the Five Nations being on their way
to Conestoga in order to. treat with
this Government. The Council de-
cided. however. not to do anything
until they heard of the arrival of the
Five Nations at Conestoga, but in the
1?21-TheConestoga Indlanll Go
the Ohio and Wabash Rivers
to Fish.
meantime the Government will send
to a message to the Conestoga Indians
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec . p. 116.
Governor Keith in a speech, states
that the Conestogas and other allied
Indians' go hunting and fishing on the
branches of the Wabash and Ohio
Rivers in the Fall of the year and do
not return unUl the follOWing May.
to inform them about his negotia-
tions for peace in Virginia.
As is shown on p. 120 of the same
book. John Cartledge sent an express
to Philadelphia, announcing that the
deputies ha.d' arrived at Conestoga,
that he entertained them at his house
and desired them to come to Phila-
delphia and treat with the Governor.
Digitized by Coogle
252
ThZit they were reseeeed iII tell-I eittenswent Ziiong. The return
ing their business and insisted that from Conestoga is also set forth in
they must llileet tYe hlmeolf samo oewspZip:er in the te:me of
at Tnnest:.:nZi: theYivisheY l::im 13, lin, it is statel:: that,
to come.. Cartledge also states that "On Tuesday night last, his Excel-
a y.:uI1sideeahle n::mller the Cl::iefs KuLtl::, Baj:onett
an::i other1 the lindian1 of tho Clve G::;ool:nor, and thEl gen$:Jemen
Nations now actually at Conestoga, who attended him arrived here
PO::ltleely enruseY go l:ny ::.::aeer (Cl::i1ad,:lt:l::ia) f'mm Conestona: He
to Cililad::h:f:ia Conootogo ond thfth,:r to moet head::: d the
he urges the Governor to come at Five Nations who awaited his com-
onou and tho::::,; \ anY the to tunew' treallos or h:eace
Goe::nnor mnhn the trip. frion:lship mththom, aCt
1721-Governor ,Keith's First Great comodated some irregularities com-
Ollilted the YOlmg men of thooe
of InYlons. :rhe Go::::rnon
Pressed by the above urgent de- and all the Company were handsomely
mands that he should come to Con- entertained and treated nt th::: Cous::
esto4:: to meet tl::e Five Tdione end ,John ES;L durinil
other Indians the Council decided stay at Conestoga. ' : ::
that the Governor should go on the In the issue of July 27, 1721, the
jmuT:ey; tho, n::med I paeticulutn of '" tr,:n2n ar,
I
Lobbuu to ;:::company him in :,,::n n::: find th:,: ;:::mp",:::: was
his journey. It was decided that they see;:. Dr. hordan of the
would leave on Monday, the third of delphia Historical Society says that
Vol. of the Col. tlec., p::Hnptllet been :::ten in
pp, pelnt. :s, however, quoted in HU-
This treaty of G'overnor Keith also issue of the Pennsylvania
atttntlon the ptuple Z;8. TCere ir Duhtfn ret
a no:tice it mop be of date:? 1723, in the Ridge-
found in the American Weekly Mer- way Branch of the Library Company
cuen: the m:ly a peespatf':: at that Philp::lolphip: whic:l baup seen:
ti:::.:: whkh beg;::.: publle;:tion n9 it is
and ran until 1746, under the edUor- a literal copy of the Colonial Records.
shh; of Bralfnrd. This rerdut of r23 Ie
new:::Zl'apee PCCOnl;'[, is [;:;:nd in Ridlewal
issue of July 6, 1721, in which branch, etc.,) sets forth on the title
pape:: EXs'::pllency: Anlt:ew peinte::l
Wmfam ::Rith, Gc:nernor, mith orb;innl am3 pUblf:;hed it the
some of his Council and thirty other request of the gentlemen whow were
gentlemen o;:t for blttSent the t:;eaty, aad :wCo went
or;7c::; to Our In- the loorney: It is rofd that t wa:;
reprinted by El1z. Saddler and Sam.
dians there and some of the Five Na- Fuller at the Globe & Scales in
tio:n to a peace mHh them as (:loath 172;];: The
u:maL" rnl1owieo; glomey
It is to be noticed that the news- pears in the book,which is not found
paper report states that thirty of the in the Colonial Records;
Jigi!iz' gle
253 ANNALS OF 'l'H ESU SQUEHA.'mOCKS AND
"The Publisher to the Reader, Phil a- ment of wine and other good liquors,
delphia, July 26, 1721. upon the eleventh Inst., about sunset
Courteous reader: We here pres- his Excellency arrived in good health
ent you with an exact copy of the at his own house to the universal
proceedings of the Governor in the joy of all the inhabitants."
late treaty witb several nations of The oftl.clal report of this treaty Is
Indians at Conestoga, taken from the found in Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p.
minutes of the .respective councils, 121, as follows:
wblcb were held on tbe occasion. "Conestogoe, July' the 5tb, 172i.
A,nd we hope this win be more "Tbe Governor arrived here this
agreeably acceptable to our corres- day at .Noon, and iIi tbe evening' went
pondents than any abstracts that to 'Capt. Civility's cabin. where four
could be published in our Weekly Deputies of the Five Nations, and
Mercury. some few more of people came
Tbe Indian. village of to see the Governour, who spake to
lies about seventy .English mUes dIS-, them by an interpreter to this pur-
tant,. almost directly West of the pose, viz:
city. and the land thereabout' being Tbat 'tbls being the first time tbat
exceedingly rich,' It Is now the Five Nations had thought fit to
ed by divers fine plantations or' send any of their Chiefs to visit bbil;
farms, where they raise quantities 01 he, had come a great way from home
wbeat, barley, ftax and hemp, wlth- to bid them welcome, tbat be hoped.
out belp of any dung. to be better 'aCquainted' and hold a
The company who attended the further discourse with them before
Governor consisted of between 70 he . left the Place.
and 80 horsemen; most of them well Tbey answered that they were come
armed and the directions that had a long way on purpose to' see the
ben were' so well observed that t Governor and speak with blm; that
great plenty of all sorts of provls- r they, had heard much of him and
Ions were everywhere,. provided bot fWIlUld have come' here before now,'
forman and horse. but that the faults and mistakes com-
His Excellency the Governor's mltted by some 'of their young men
care for the public safety of this had made them ashamed to show
colony plainly discovers itself In his tbelr. faces, but now that they had
management of affairs wlth'the In- seen' the Governor's face, they were
dians In gelleral as well as by his well satisfied. with their. journey
late, 'toilsonie journey. to jLnd fror, was. done or
Virginia and The. good The" Governour told them that to-
people. of this city and province from morrow hJ.ornlng 'he' designed to
a just sense of they enjoy sp'eak a few' 'words to his Brothers
the presel!-t embrac.e and Children. the' Indians of Cones-'
all .. ()pportunltles of expressing. their tOgOe and theft friends upon Susque-
lo!e ,!lnd ,esteem for the Governor. hanna, and desired that the Deputie&
wh9, ,at from Conestoga of the Five 'Nations might be presen.
was at the upper ferry 'In Council' to hear what Is said l
of the SchuyJklll River by the Mayor them.
and:A1,dermen of the City with about At a Council held at Conestogoe,
two ,hundred borse, Atter a. refresh- July the 6th, 1721.
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER CO UNTY INDIAN TRIBES 254
PRESENT: est man Is always the bravest man,
The, Honorable Sir WilUam Keith for he safely depends on his wisdom,
Bart., Govr., Richard Hm, Colonel and there is no true courage without
John French, Caleb Pusey, James it. I have so great a love for you;
Logan, Secretary; Jonathan Dlckln- my dear Brothers, who Uve under the
son. protection of this Government thal,I
The Governor spoke to the Conesta- can not suffer you to be hurt no more
goe Indians as follows: than I would my own children; I am
My Brothers and ChUdren, but just now returned from Virginia
So soon as you sent me word that where I wearied myself in a long
your near friends and relatives, the journey both by land and water, only
Chiefs of the Five Nations, were come to make peace for you my chUdren,
to visit you; I made haste and am that you may safely hunt in ~
come up to see both you and them, woods without danger from Virginia
and to assure all the Indians' of tlie and the many Indian nations that are
Continuance of my love to them. at peace with this Government. But
Your old acquaintance and true the Governour of Virginia expects
friend, the Great William Penn, was that you will not hunt within the
a 'wlse'man, and therefore he did not Oreat Mountains on the other side of
approve of war among the Indians Patowmeck River, being it Is a' smail
whom he loved, because it wasted and tract of land which he keeps for the"
destroyed their people,. but always Virginia Indians to hunt in; and he
rocommended' peace to the Indians as promises that 'his Indians shall not
the sureat way to make them rich any more come on this side of
and strong 'by Increasing thefr n u m ~ Potawmeck, or behind the great
bers. . mouBtatn this way to' disturb your
Some of .you can remember since hunting; and this is the condltlon I
WnUam Penn and his friends came have made for you,' which I expect
first to settle amongst you In thts you will firmly keep, and not break
country; It is but a few years and it on any cOD'sideration whatsoever.
Ulte a8 yesterday to an' old man, I desire that what I have now said
nevertheless by following that great to you may be tnterpreted to the
Man's peaceable councUs this Gov- Chiefs of the Five ,Nations present,
ernment is now become wealthy and for as you are a part'of thE'm, and
powerful in great numbers of people, are in Uke manner' one with us as
and ,though many of our inhabitants you' yourselves are," and therefore,
are not accustomed to war and disUke our Coun'clls must' agree' and be made
the practice of man killing one an- known to one another, for our heartS
other, yet you can not but know that should be open that we may perfectly
I am able to bring several thousand see into one another's breasts. And
into the field, well armed, to defend that your friends may speak to me
both your people and ours from being freely, tell ,them I am wiliing to fOr-
hurt by any enemy that, durst at- get the mistakes which some of their
tempt to invade us, however, 'We do young men were gqllty of amongst
not forget, what WilUam Penn often our people; I hope they will grow
told us, that the experiences of' old wiser with age, and hearken to the
age, which is -true wsdom, advises grave Counsels of their old men whose
peace, and I say to you, that the wis- valour we esteem because they a r ~
Digitized by Coogle
266 ANNALS oll' THE SU SQUElUNNOCKS AND
wise; but the rashnes of their young
men Is althogether folly.
At a Council held at Conestogoe,
July the 7th, 1721.
PRESENT:
The Honourable Sir WIlllam Keith,
Bart., Governour; Richard Hill, Col-
onel John French, Caleb Pusey, Jaa.
Logan, Secretary; Jonathan Dickin-
son, with divers gentlemen.
PRESENT ALSO:
The Chiefs of Deputies sent by the
Five NatlQns to treat with this Gov-
ernment, viz.;
SlnnekaBB Nation, Onondagoes Na-
tion, Cayoogas Nation; Ghesaont,
Tannawree, Sahoode, Awennool,Skee-
towas, Tchehuque.
Smith, the Ganawese Indian inter-
preter from the' Mingoe Language to
the Delaware; John Cartledge and
James Le Tort, Interpreters from the
Delaware into the English.
Ghesaont, in the name and on the
behalf of all the Nations, delivered
himself in speaking to the Gover-
nour, as follows:
They were glad to see the Gover-
nour and his CouncD at this place,
from home, and now they find it to
be what they had heard of him, viz:
their frljlnd and brother, and the
same as If William Penn were still
amongst them.
They assure the Governour and
Council that they had not forgot
William Penn's treaties with them,
and that his advice to them was still
fresh in their. memories.
Though they can not write, ' yet
they retain everything said in their
Councils with all the Nations they
treat with, and preserve it as care-
fully In their memories as if it was
committed in our method to writing.
They complain that our Traders
carrying goods and Liquors up Sas-
quehanna River some times meet
with their young men going out to
war, and treat them unkindly, not
only refusing them a dram of their
liquor, but use them with III lan-
guage and call them dogs, etc.
They take this unkindly,' because
dogs have no sense of understand-
Ing; whereas they are men, and
think that their brothers should not
compare them to such creatures.
That some of our Traders calltng
their young men by those Names, the
young men answered, If they were
dogs then they might act as such;
Whereupon they seized a keg of
their Liquor and ran away with It.
N. B. This seems to be told in
their usual way to excuse some
small robberies that had been com-
mitted by their young people.
Then laying down a belt of Wam-
pum upon the table, he proceeded
and said,
That all their Disorders arose from
the use of rum and strong spirits
which took away their sense and
memory; that they had no such liquors
amongst themselves, but were hurt
with what we furnished to them arid
therefore desired that ,no more of
that sort might be sent amongst
them.
He pre,ented a bundle of drest
skins and said,
That the Five Nations faithfully
remember all their ancient treaties,
and now desire that the chain of
friendship between them arid us may
be made so strong as that none of
the links can ever be broken.
Presents anotheT bundle of raw
skins and observes,
That a. chain may contact rust
with lying and become weaker;
Wherefore he desires it may now be
so well cleaned as to remain bright-
er and stronger than ever It was be-
fore.
Digitized by Coogle
Presents another parcel of skins
and says,
That as In the Firmament all
clouds and darkness removed
from the face of the sun, so they de-
sire that all misunderstandings may
be fully done away, so that when
they who are now here shall be
dead and gone, their while people
with their children and posterity may
enjoy til) clear sunshine and friend-
ship forever, without anything to
Interpose and obscure It.
Presents another bundle of skins
and says,
That looking upon the Gtlvernour
as If )Vllllam Penn was present they
brothers, they complain that they got
too little for their skins and furs, so
as they can not live by hunting, they
desire us therefore to take compassion
on them and contrive some way to
help them In that particular.
Presenting a few furs, he speaks
only, as from himself to acquaint the
Governour; that the Five Nations
have heard that the Governour of
Virginia wanted to speak with
He himself with some of his Com'-
pany Intended to proceed to Virginia,
but do not know the way to get
safe thither."
At a councll held at the House of
John Cartledge, Esq., near Conesta-
goe.
desire, that In case any disorders PRESENT I
should hereafter happen between The Honorable Sir William Keith,
their young people and ours, we Bart., Governor, Richard Hill. Col.
would not be too hasty In resenting John French, Jonathan Disksinson,
any such accident, until their Col- James Logan, Secretary.
onel . and ours can have some oppor- The Governour desired that the
tunIty to treat amicably upon It, Board would advise him as to the
and so to adjust all matters as that I quantity and kind of the presents
the friendship between us may still that must be made to the Indians In
be Inviolably presrved. return to their and In confirmation
Presents a small parcel of deer of this speech to them; Whereupon
skins and desires, It was agreed that twenty-five Stroud
That. we may now be together as Match coats of two yards each, One
one people. treating one another's Hundred wt. of Gunpodwer, two hun-
children kindly and atrectlonatelyon dred of lead, with some Bisket, To-
all occasions. bacco and Pipes, should be delivered
He proceeds and says: as the Governor's present to the Five
That they consider themselves In Nations. And the same being pre-
this treaty as the full plentlpoten- pared accordingly, the Councll was
tlaries and Repesentatives of the adjourned. to Conestogoe, the Place
of Treaty.
Five Nations and they look upon the At a Council held at Conestogoe,
Governour as the Great July the 8th. 1721. Post Meridiem.
land's representative, and therefore PRESENT:
they expect that everything now stlp- The Honourable Sir William Keith
ulated will be- made absolutely firm Bart., Governour.
and good on, both sides. The same members as before with
Presents a bundle of bear skins divers gentlemen attending the Gov-
ernour and the Chiefs of the Five
Nations being all seated In Council,
firm and tile presents laid down before the
our Indians.
and says,
That having now made a
league with us as becomes
Digitized by Coogle
The Governour spoke to them by
the . Interpreters In these worda.
My Friends and Brothers:
It Is a great satisfaction to me that
I have. this opportunity of speaking
to the Valiant and wise Five Nations
whom you tell. me you are fully em-
powered to represent. I treat with
you therefore as if all these Nations
were here present, and you are to
understand what I now say to be
agreeable to the mind of our Great
Monarch George the King of Eng-
land, who bends his care to estab-
lish peace amongst the mighty na-
tions of Europe and unto whom all
the People In these parts as it were
but like one drop out of a Bucket, so
that what Is now transacted' between
us must be laid up as the words of
the whole Body of your People and
our People, to be kept In perpetual
Remembrance. r am so glad to
find that you remember what Wil-
11am Penn formerly said to you; he
was a great and a goOd. man, his
own people loved him; he loved the
Indians, and they also loved him.
He was as their father, he would nev-
er suffer them to be wronged, neith-
er would he let his people enter up-
on any lands until he had first pur-
chased them of the Indians; He was
just, and therefore the Indians lov-
ed him.
Though he Is new removed from us
yet his children and people follow
his example and will always take
the same so that his and
our posterity will be as a long chain
of which he was the link, and
when one 11nk ends another succeeds
and then another, being all firmly
bound together in one strong chain
to endure forever.
He formerly knit the chain of
friendship with you as the Chief of
all the Indians in these parts, and
lest this chain should grow rusty
you now desire It to be scOw-ed and
made strong to bind us as one people
together; We do assure It is and al-
ways has been bright on . our side,
and so we will ever keep It.
As to your complaint of our Trad-
ers, that they have treated some of
your young men unkindly I take that
to be said by way of excuse only for
the folUes of your people; thereby
endeavoring to persuade me that
they were provoked to do what you
very well know they did, but as I
told your Indians two days ago, I
am wllUng to pass by all those
things. You may therefore be as,.
sured that our people shall not suf-
fer any injury to yours; or if .I
know that they do, they shall be sev-
erely punished for It; so you must
In like manner strictly command
your young men that they do not of-
fer any injury to oura; for when
they pass through the utmost skirts
of our inhabitants, where there are
no people yet settled but traders;
they should be more careful of them
as having separated themselves from
the body of their friends, purely to
serve the Indians more 'commodlous-
ly with what they want.
Nevertheless if any 11ttle disorders
should at any time hereafter. arise,
'" will endeavor that it shall not
break or weaken the chain of friend-
ship between us; to which end If any
of your people take offence, you
must In that case apply to me or to
our chie{s; and when we have any
cause to complain, we shall as you
desire apply to your chiefs by our
friends the Conestogoe Indians, but
on both sides we must labor to pre-
vent everything of this kind as
much as we ean.
You complain that our traders
come into the path of your young
men going out to war, and thereby
occasion disorders amongst them, I
will therefore my friends and broth-
ers speak very plainly to you on this
Head.
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER CO OUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 268
Your young men come down Sus-
quehanna river and take their road
through our Indian towns and settle-
ments and make a path between us
and the people against whom they go
out to war; Now you must know,
that the path this way leads them
only to the Indians who are In al-
liance with the English, and, first to
those who are in a strict League of
with the great Governor
of Virginia, just as these our friends
and children who are settled amongst
us are in league with me and our
people.
You can not therefore make war
upon the Indians In League with
Virginia without weakening the
chain with the English; for as we
would not suffer these our friends
and brothers of Conestogoe, and up-
on this River to be hurt by any per-
son without considering It was done
to ourselves; so the Governour of
Virginia looks upon the Injuries
done to his Indian brothers and
friends as if they were done to him-
self; and you very well know that
though you are five different nations
yet you are but on,e people; so as that
any wrong done to one Nation is re-
ceived as an injury done to you all.
In. the same manner and much
more so it is with the English, who
are all united under one great King,
who has more people in that one
town where he lives, than all the In-
dians in North America put together.
You are in 'League with New York
as your ancient Friends and nearest
Neighbors, and you are in League
with by treaties ofteJl repeated, and
by a chain which you have not
brightened. As therefore all the
English are but one Peoplf' you are
actually in League with all the Eng-
lish governments and must equally
preserve the Peace with all as with
one Government.
You pleased me very much when
you told me that you were going to
treat with the Governour of. VlrginlL
Your nations formerly entered into
a very firm League with the Govern-
ment, and if you have suffered that
chain to grow rusty it Is time to se-
cure it, and the Five Nations have
done very Wisely to send you there
for that purpose
I do assure you, the Governour of
Virginia is a great and good man;
he loves the Indians as his children
and so protects and defends them,
for he is very strong, having many
thousand Christian warriors under
his command, whereby he is able to
assist all those who are in any
League of Friendship with him. Has-
ten therefore, my friends, to brigh-
ten and strengthen the claim with
that great man, for he desires it, and
w1ll receive you kindly. He is my
great friend, I have been lately with
him, and since you say you are
strangers, I w11l give you a letter to
him to Inform him what ye hav.e
done, and of the good design of your
visit to im and ti his Country.
My Friends and Brothers: I told
you two days agoe that we must
open our Breasts to each other, I
shall therefore, like your true Friend
open mine yet further to you for
your good.
You see that the English, from a
very small People at first In these
parts, are by peace amongst them-
selves become a very great people
amongst you, far exceeding the num-
ber of all the Indians that we know
of.
But, while we are at peace the In-
dians continue to make war upon'
one another, and destroy each other,
as if they intended that none of their
people should be left alive, by which
means you are from a great people
become a very small, people and yet
you will go on to destroy yourselves.
Digitized by Coogle
The Indians of the South although
they speak a different language, yet
they are the same people and Inhl\blt
the same land with those of the
North, we therefore can not but won-
der how you that are a wise people
should take delight In putting an end
to your race. The Engllsh being
your true friends labor to prevent It.
We would have you strong as a part
of ourselves, for as our strength Is
your strength, so we would yours to
be as our own.
I have persuaded all our Brethren
In these parts to consider what is for
their good, and not to go out any
more to war, but your young men as
they come this way endeavor to force
them, and because they Incline to
follow the Counsels of Peace and the
advice of their friends, your people
use them ill and often prevail with
them to go out to their destruction.
Thus It was that this town of Cones-
togoe lost their good king, not long
ago, and thus many have been lost,
their young children are left ~ i t h o u t
parents, their wives without hus-
bands, the old men, contrary to the
course of nature mourn te death of
their young, the people decay and
grow weak, we lose our dear friends
and a.re amicted, and this is chiefly
owing to your young men.
Surely you can purpose to get
other riches or possessions by going
thus out to war; for when you kill
a deer you have the flesh to eat and
the skin to sell, but when you return
from war you bring nothing home but
the scalp of a dead man who perhaps
was husband to a kind wife, and
father to tender children who nevep
wronged you, though by losing him
you have robbed them of his help
and protection, and at the same time
get nothing by it. .
If I were not your true friend I
would not take the trouble of sVlng
all these things to you, which I de-
sire may be fully related to all your
people when you r,llturn home, that
they may consider In time what is
for their own good; and after this if
any will be so madly deaf and bUnd
as neither to hear or see the danger
before them, but will still go out to
destroy and be destroyed for noth-
ing, I must desire that such foollsh
young men will take another path
and not pass this way amongst our
people, whose eyes have opened, and
they have wisely hearkened to my
advice. So that I must tell you
plainly, as I am their best friend,
and this Government Is their Protec-
tor and as a father to them. We
will not suffer them any more to go
out as they have done to their des-
truction. I say again, that we will
not suffer It, for we have the Coun-
sel of wisdom amongst us and know
what is for their good, for though
they are weak yet they are our Breth-
ren, we will therefore take care of
them that they are not misled with
ill Council; you mourn when you lose
a brother, we mourn when when any
of them are lost, to prevent which
they shall not be suffered to go out
as they have clone to be destroyed by
War.
My Good Friends and Brothers: I
give you the same Counsel and earn-
estlY desire that you will follow It,
since it will make you a happy
people, I give you this advice be-
cause I am your true friend, but I
much fear you hearken to others who
never were or never will be your
Friends. You know very well that
the French have been enemies from
the Beginning, and though they made
peace with you about two and twenty
years ago, yet by subtle practices
they still endeavor to ensnare you.
They use arts and tricks and tell you
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER CO UNTY INDIAN TRIBES
260
lles, to deceive you, and if you would care of himself, for thus I must do
make use of your own eyes and not myself, when I buy anything from
be deluded by their Jesuits and In- our own people, if I do not give them
terpreters; you would see this your- their price they will keep it for we
&elves, for you know they have had are a free people. But if you have
ItO goods of any value these several any further proposals to make about
years past, except what has been these affairs I am wllling to hear
sent to them from the EngUsh of and consider them, for it is my desire
New York, and that is now allover. that the trade be well, regulated to
l'hey give fair speeches instead of your content.
real services, and as for many years I am sensible rum is ,very hurtful
they attempted to destroy you in to the Indians; we have made laws
war, so they now endeavor to do it that none should be carried amongst
in Peace; for when they perswade them, or if any were, that it should
you to go out to war against others, be staved and thrown upon the
It is oilly that you may be destroyed ground, and the Indians' have been
yourselves, which we as your true ordered to destroy all the rum that
friends labor to prevent, because we comes in their way, but they will not
would have your numbers increased do it, they will have rum, and when
that you may grow strong and that we refuse it they will travel to the
we may be all strengthened in neighboring provinces and fetch it;
Friendship and Peace together. their own women go to purchase it,
As to what you have said of Trade, and then sell it amongst their own
I suppose the great distance at people at excessive rates. I would
which you live from us has prevented gladly make any laws to prevent
all comerce between us and your this that could be effectual, but the
people; we believe, those who go in- country is so wide and the woods
to the woods and spend all their are so dark and private, and so far
time upon it endeavor to make the out of my sight, that if the Indians
best bargains they Qan for them- tliemselves do not prohibit their own
selves; so on your part you must take people there is nQ other way to pre-
care to make the best bargain you can vent it; for my part, I shall readily
with them, but we hope that our join in any measures that can be
traders do not cheat, for we think proposed for so good a purpose.
that a Stroud Coat or a pound of I have now my friends and broth-
powder is now sold for more Buck ers, said all that I think can be of
skins than formerly; beaver indeed is any service at this time, and I give
not of late so much used in Europe, you these things here laid before you
and therefore does not give a price, to confirm my words, viz: five Stroud
and we deal but very little in that coats, twenty pounds of powder, and
commodity. But deer skins sell very forty pounds of lead for each of the
well amongst us, and I shall always Five Nations; that is twenty-five
take care that the Indians be not coats, one hundred weight of powder
wronged, but except other measures and two hundred of lead in the
be taken to regulate the Indian whole, which I desire may be deUv-
trade everywhere, the common ered to them, with these my words
methods used in Trade will still be in my name and on behalf of this
followed, and every man must take province.
Digitized by Coogle
261 A N N ~ OF THE SU SQUEHANNOCKS AND
"I shall be glad frequently to see
some of your chief men sent in the
name of the rest, but desire you wlll
be so kind as to come to us to Phila-
delphia to visit our families and chil-
dren born there, where we can pro-
vide better for you and make you
more welcome, for people always re-
ceive their friends best at their own
houses. I heartily wish you well on
your journey and good success in it,
and when you return home I desire
you will give my very kind love and
the love of all our people to your
kings and to all their people.
Then the Governor rose up from
his chair, and when he had called
Ghesont the speaker to him, he took
a Coronation Medal of the Kings out
of his pocket and presented it to the
Indian in these words.
That our children when we are
dead may not forget these things, but
keep this treaty between us in per-
petual remembrance. I here deliver
to you a .picture in gold, bearing the
image of my great master the King
of all the English; and when you re-
turn home I charge you to deliver
this piece into the hands of the first
man or greatest Chief of all the Five
Nations whom you call Kannygoodk,
to be laid up and kept as a token to
our chlldrens' children, that an en-
tire and lasting Friendship is now
estabUshed forever between the Eng-
lish in this country and the Great
Io'ive Nations.
1 721-James Logan Continues tbe
Conestoga Treaty After tbe
GoTernor Left lor Phlla-
delpbfa
~ D Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. ]30,
"James Logan, Secretary, further
reports, that having continued at
Conestogoe, after the departure of
the Governor and the rest of the
Company, he had the next day by the
continued treaty held by James Logan
Governour's approbation and direc-
tion held a discourse with Ghesaont,
the Chief of those Indians and' their
Speaker Civility, the Captain of
Conestogoe, and John Cartlidge,
being the Interpreter.
That he had first put Ghesaont in
mind of the great satisfaction the
Governour had expressed to him in
the Council upon their kind visit,
and the freedom and openness that
had been used to them on our parts,
and therefore advised him if he had
anything in his thoughts further re-
lating to the Friendship established
between us and the matters treated
in Council he woul!! open his Breast
in his free Conversation, and speak
it without reserve, and whatever he
said on those heads should be re-
portell faithfully to the Go\'ernour.
Ghesaont then, said that he was
very well pleased with what had been
spoken. He saw the Governour and
the English were true friends to the
Five Nations, but as to their people
going out to war, which head we
chiefly insisisted on, the principal
reason was that their young men had
become very poor, they could get no
goods nor clothing from the English,
and therefore they went abroad to
gain them from their Enemies.
"They had at once a clear Sky alid
Sunshine at Albany, but now all was
over cast, and they could no longer
trade and get goods as they had
done, of which he could not know
the reason, and therefore they had
resolved to try whether it was the
same among the other English Gov-
ernments,"
"To this the Secretary answered,
that they had from the first settle-
ment of New York and Albany been
in strict League and Friendship with
that Government, and had always
had a trade with and been suppUed
by them. with Goods they wanted
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCAS'TER CO UNTY INDIAN TRIBES 262
That it was true, three or four years Ush everywhere were their Friends.
past the French had come from We were ~ o w very gaJd to see them,
Canada to Albany in New York, and but wished for the future they would
purchased and carried a great part come to Philadelphia, as they former-
of the goods, Strowd waters especi- ly used to do; that he himself had
ally, sometimes three or four seen their Chiefs twice at Philadel-
hundred pieces in a year, which the phia, the two years that WilHam
Five Nations ought to have had; but Penn was last here, and that when
that now, another Governor being his son came over about three years
lately sent thither from the Great after, now about seventeen years
King of England, he had made a law agoe, a considerable number of them
that the French should not have any I came down and held a great Counell
more goods from the EngUsh; that with us, and therefore he hoped they
this had been the reason of the would visit us there again, which
Clouds and dark weather they com- would be much more convenient than
plained of, bu,t that now a clear Sun- so far back in the woods where it
shine as theY desired would be re- was difficult to accomodate them and
stored to them; That he knew very ourselves, that however we were glad
well this Gentleman the new Gov- to see' them there. This they knew
ernour, that he had not long since was a Government but lately settled,
been at Philadelphia, and at his (the but that they were now going into
Secretary's) house, and that he had two Governments that had been much
heard him (the Corlear) say he longer seated and were very rich, and
would take, care of his Indians should would make them exceeding wel-
be well supplied for the future, and come; that' we saw them in the
accordingly they might depend on it. woods only, at a great distance from
Ghesaont being hereupon asked home, but they would' see the Govern-
whether they did not know that the ours of Maryland and Virginia at
French had for some years past had their own tOTons and houses where
the Cloths from the English, an- they could entertain them much bet-
swered, that they knew very well ter; that they would be very kindly
that these Enr;lish goods went now received, for we were all of one
in a new path, different from what heart and mind, and should always
they had formerly gone in, that they entertain them as Brothers .. ,
knew not where they went, but they "Ghesaont took an opportunity of
went besides them and they could not. himself to enter again on the subject
get hold of them, though they much of their people making Peace with the
wanted them. other Indians on the Main. He said
"The Secretary proceeded to say, that he had in his own person
that as New York and Albany had laboured it to the utmost; that he had
been their ancient friends, so they taken more pains to have it establish-
could best supply them, and they ed than all the French had done;
would certainly do it if they con- that their people had lately made
tlnued In their Duty on their part; peace with the Tweuchtwese; that
that they were sensible the Great they had also sent some of their men
King of England had a regard for to the Flat Ileads for the same pur-
them, by the Notice he took of them pose, that they had now a universal
almost every year; that all the Ene- Peace with all the Indians, excepting
Digitized by Coogle
263 ANNALS OF '1'HE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
three small Nations to the Southward
with whom he hoped to have one
concluded upon his present journey
by means of the Govemour of Vir-
gin1&, that his own desires were very
strong for Peace as his Endeavors
had shewn, and he doubted not to
see it establlshed everywhere. He
sald the Governous had spoken very
well in the Council against their
young men going to war, yet he had
not done it fully enough for he should
have told them positively that they
should not on any acount be suffered
to go out to war. and he would bave
reported it accordingly. and thls
would have been a more effectual
way to prevent them.
"The Secretary then proceeded to
treat with them about the road they
were to take. and it was agreed that
the Chief of the Nantlkokes. a sensi-
ble man. who was then present.
should conduct them from Conestogoe
to their own town on Wye Rver. that
they should be furnished for their
journey with provisions sumcient to
carry them among the inhabitants.
after which they were directed. as
the Governour had before ordered.
that they should produce his paaa-
port to the Gentlemen of the Country.
where they travelled by whom they
would be provided for; and the Nan-
tlkoke chief was further desired.
upon their leaving the Nantikoke
Towns to direct them to some of the
Chief of Gentlemen and omcers of
those parts who would undoubtedly
take care of them on sight of their
passports and thereby knowng their
business have them transported over
the Bay of Annapolls. Being further
asked how they would get an inter-
preter in Virginia where the Indians
knew nothing of their language. and
some proposals being made to furnish
them they answered there would be
no occasion for any care of that kind.
for they very well knew the Govem-
our of Virginia had an interpreter
for their language always with hlul.
"Provisions being orderd for their
journey and also at their deSire. some
for those of their Company. who with
their women and chlldren were to re-
turn directly home by water. up the
river SasQuehanna. viz: a Bagg of
Biskett. some pieces of Bacon and
dried v ~ n l s o n ; these matters were
concluded with great expressions of
thankfulness for the Govemours
great care of them and their families.
which kindness they Bald they never
should forget.
"The Discourse being contlnue4
they were told it was now very near.
viz: "!,ithin one Moon of thirty-seven
years since a great man of England.
Governour of Virginia. called the
Lord Effingham together with Colonel
Dungan. Governour of New York,held
a great treaty with them at Albany.
of which we had the writings to this
day.
"Gbsaont answered. they knew it
well and the subject of that treaty.
it was said about. settling of lands.
Being further told that in that treaty
the Five Nations had given up all
tbelr rights to all the lands on Sas-
quebp.nnah to the Duke of York. then
brother to the King of England. He
acknowledeged thls to be so. and
that William Penn since had the right
to these lands. to which Civility. a
descendant of the ancient Susque-
hannah Indians the old Settlers of
these parts. but now reputed as of
an Iroquois descent added that he
had been informed by their old men,
that they were troubled when they
heard that their Lands had been given
up to a place so far distant as New
York, and that they were overjoyed
when they understood William Penn
had brought them back again. and
that they had confirmed all their
rights to him.
Digitized by Coogle
264
"Divers Questions were further l7!I-The Conestogas' King KDle4
asked him, especially concerning the
French of Canada, their trade and
fortifications, on which he said, that
the French had three forts on this
side of the Riyer St Lawrence, and
between their Towns and Mantual
furnished with great numbers of
Great Guns, that the French drove
a great trade with them, had people
constantly In or gOing to and coming
from their Towns, that the French
kept young People in their towns on
purpose to learn the Indian Language,
which many of them now spoke as
well as themselves; that they had a
great Intercourse with them, that
about three hundred of their men,
(vlz: of the Five Nations) were seat-
ed on the other side of the Great
River, that the French had this last
Spring begun to bulld or to provide
for building a Fort at Niagara Falls,
but they had since decllned it; he
knew not for what reason, and they,
(the French) had sent to his town
(the this last winter
a great deal of powder to be dis-
tributed among them, but nothing
was done upon It. Being particular-
ly asked whether the French had-ever
treated them about any of their Land,
or whether the Indians had ever
granted the French any, he answered
No! that his People knew the French
too well to treat with them about
Lands; they had never done it, nor
either granted them any upon any
account whatsoever, and of this, he
said, we might assure ourselves. Thus
the day was spent In such Discollrses,
with a Pipe and some small mixt
liquors, and the next morning
Ghesaont, with the rest of his Com-
pany, returning from the Indian
town, to John Cartilldge's, took their
leaves very affectionately with great
expression of thankfulness to the
Governour and this Government for
their kind reception."
In a Southern War.
In Vol.3 of the Col. Rec., p. 128. It
Is set forth that the Conestoga In-
dians lost their King not long ago,
because the Five Nations compelled
him to go along to the South to make
war against the Southern Indians.
l7!I-ChlIltJ, A. Deset>ndant 01 the
A.nelent Susquehannoeks.
In Vol.3 of the Col. Rec., p. 133. it
Is set forth that Captain Clvlllty of
the Conestogas was "a descendant of
the ancient Susquehannocks; and it
is also stated that the old SUll'luehan-
nocks were reputed as being of the
Iroquois stock, and that so was Clvlll-
ty reputed.
1121-John Grist Takes Conestogas'
Lands without Consent.
In Vo1.3 of the C91. Rec., p. 137, it
is set forth that John Grist was In
prison at Philadelphia and that he
was arrested because with other per-
sons he settled himself and family
and took up lands on the Susquehan-
na River, without any warrant from
the Commissioners of Property or
temptuously defied any one to put him
off, and that the complaint having
been made to the Governor by the
Indians of Conestoga in July last of
the many abuses that they had
received from John Grist; the Gover-
uour with the advice of some of the
CommiSSioners, who were then with
him at Conestoga, thought it was
necessary to have John Cartlidge one
of the Justices of the Peace, to go to
Conestoga and warn Grist to get off
the land, which he refused and was
now thrown in jail, and he petitions
that he may be given his liberty.
And the board In Compassion to his
poor famiy. is pleased to order that
Digitized by Coogle
265 ANNALS OF ":HE SU SQUEHANNOCKS AND
he be given leave to carry off his
corn, provided he wlll enter Into a
bond to move off the land and be of
good behavior for one year, and pay
his fees.
U!I-TIle Nantlkokea )(01'e to Co-
calico.
In Lyle's History of .Lacaster Coun-
ty, p. 14 it is stated that the Nanti-
kokes who first lived on Chosapeake
Bay were allowed to move to Tulpe-
hocken Valley and moved there until
1721, when the large settlement of
Germans which came to Tulpehocken
from New York made them restless
anei they moved to Coealico Town-
ship in Lancaster County, settling
along "Indian River" at the place
known as "Indiantown"; as late as
1758 there were still several scatter-
ed tribes along the little stl'pams of
this vicUty. The town covered 600
acres and came into the possession of
John Wistar and Henry Carpenter.
Another branch of the Nantlkokes
had a town on land owned by Levi B.
Reist, called "Lehoy'. This land was
also bought kom Pennsylvania
fammes by John Wistar. The Nanti-
kokes understood the Engllsh lan-
guage and were frequently with the
whites; and afterwards moved up the
West branch of the Susquehanna
River.
17!2-Conestoga Indians Killed By
lobo and Edmnnd Cartlldge.
Richard Landgon, a butcher of
Conestoga, took a message to Phila-
delphia of the death of an Indian at
ode of their towns above. Conestoga,
caused by blows by John or Edmond
Cartlidge or both. Langdon got t.he
news from several persons of respon-
sibility near Conestoga. The Govern-
or found it advisable to call the Coun-
cil together and inquire of this mat-
ter; and they decided that it would be
necessary to get further information.
It was ordered that Langdon -;:nd
David Robinson,. a blacksmith near
Perquayomen, should meet the board
and give full information. This may
be seen in Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p.
14L : ~
As the result of these investiga-
tions Colonel French was sent to Con-
estoga to investigate the affair. He
did so and James Logan went with
him. Upon their return they made a
report, which may be found in the
same book, p. 148.
17!!-James Logan and Colonel
French's Report 01 the Conestoga
Indian.
In the last mentioned book,pp 148
and 149, Logan and French gave the
following report:
"To the Honourable Sir William
Keith, Bart., Goernour of the pro-
vince of Pennsylvania and Counties
of New Castle, Kent and Sussex upon
Deleware, and the Council of the
same.
The Report of James Logan and
Colonel French, of their execution of
a particular commission to them
directed.
May it please the Governour and
Council:
Pursuant to the instructions given
to us by the Governour we set out
from Philadelphia for Conestoga on
the 7th Instant, as soon as our com-
mission was delivered to us, and the
next day meeting with the High
Sheriff of the County of Chester,
according to an appointment made
with him. We sent herewith a proper
warrant before us for a greater Dis-
patch, to apprehend the two brothers
John and Edmund Cartlidge, who
were reported to have committed the
fact which occasioned our Journey.
On the 9th, In the afternoon, we
came to John Cartlidge s house where
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANC.A.S7ER CO UNTY INDIAN TRIBES
266
we found himself In the Sheriff's cus- I date the 7th Inst.; and also came
tody, Edmond Cartlldge was then In- i Civility, Tannacharoe, Gunnehator-
formed, for his brother to join him to looja, Toweena, and other old men of
proceed on their business of trade I the Conestoga Indians, and
towards the Patowmeck; but on our I Savamiah, Chief of the Shawanese;
Informing John of the necessity there Wlnjack, Chief of the Ganawese;.
was of seeing his brother. he was pre- Tekaachroon, a Cayoogoe; Oweeye-
vaUed upon to send for him the next I kanowa, Nostarghkamen, Delawares.
day, and accordingly he came. The Present divers EngUsh and Indians.
same morning, we dispatched a i The Secretary laying down a belt
messenger to summon Peter BlzaU- 10f Wampum on the .Board before
lion, who Uves about 31l miles higher them. which he had taken him
up Susquehanna, to attend us as In- for that purpose, spoke to the In-
terpeter between us and the Indians, dlans, as follows:
but he having no horses at home, and Friends and Brethren:
being far from neighbors, he could Wllliam Penn, our ani your
not get down till the fourth 13Y after Father, when he first settled this
the messenger set out, viz: till the country with English subjects, made
13th In the afternoon. a firm League of Friendship and
Brotherhood with all the Indians
Soon after our first arrival at Con-
estogoe we gave the Chiefs of the then In these parts, and agreed that
Indians Notice of our Business, and I both you and his people should be all
upon Peter Bizalllon's coming, we I as one Flesh and Blood. The same
appointed a meeting with them the I League has often been renewed by
t I dlngly we met
himself and other Governours under
nex morn ng; accor , , .
with the Chiefs of the Mlngoe or Con- him, WIth their Council held as well
In this place where we now are as
estogoe Indians, of the Shawanese at Philadelphia, and other places.
and Ganawese, and some of the Dela- Both his People and yours have
wares In Council, In which ;e hitherto InvlolabJy observed these
to them in the following wor s, n er- I Leagues so that scarce anyone In-
preted In sentences, first from our jury has been done, nor anyone Com-
language Into Delaware Indian by plaint made on either side, except
Peter 'Bizallllon, who took an oath one for the Death If La Tour and
faithfully to Interpret between us and his company for near forty years
the Indians, and afterwards wall past, and of this you are fully
Into the threl' other lan- sensible.
guages by Captain Civillty of Cones- Yet as all human affairs are liable
togoe and Smith the Ganawese, who to accidents which sometimes fall out
excels In the skill of those lan-
guages.
At a Council held at Conestogoe,
the 14th day of March, 1721-2, be-
tween James Logan, Secretary, and
Colonel John French, In behalf of the
even between Brethren of the same
Family though Issuing from the same
Parents, so now your good Friend,
our Governour and his Council hav-
Ing heard by report only, that one of
our Brethren had lost his Life by
Governour of Pennsylvania, thereun- some Act of Violence, alleged to be
to authorized by virtue thereof a done by some of our People, without
commission to them from the Govern- I receiving any notice of it ':>r Com-
our, under the Great seal, bearing plaint from you, but moved with great
Digitized by Coogle
267 OF '1'HE St'SQUEHANNOCKS AND
Concern for the loss and 4nhappi-' eral Indians much about the same
ness of the aCCidents, like true, time.
friends and Brothers, the vel'y next Quest. Where was it done?
Day sent us two, Colonel French and: Answer. At Manakassy, a branch
me, first to condole with YOII, which of Potomac river.
we now do velT heartily, and next by' Quest. What was the man's name,
the full Power with which we are : his Nation, and rank among his own
Invested to inquire how the matter people?
came to pass. that Justice may be, Answer. His name was Sanataeny
done and satisfaction be made ac- of the Tsanondowaroonas or Sinne-
cording to the firm Leagues that! kaes, a Warrior, a civil man of very
have from time to time been made , d
between us and you, for We will: few wor s.
suffer no Injury to be done to any of' Quest. What was his business
YOU without punishing the offenders, there?
to our Laws; nor must we I Answer. He was hunting, he being
\'ecelve without just satisfaction made : used to hunt In that place.
ot us, for so the Laws of Friendship i Quest. Who do you understand,
and the Leaques between us require. I was present besides the English at
We therefore now desire you, that I the Commission of the fact?
according to the notice we gave you ,\.nswer, The Man had been hunting
three days agoe, to have all those there alone, with a Squaw that kept
)Jersons ready here who know any- his Cabin, till John Cartlidge and
thing of this matter. You would his people came thither to trade with
fully Inform us of every particular, him for his skins. John Cartlidge
for we are now here to take their had an Indian guide with him of the
Examinations, which we expect you G'anawese Nation, named Aqua-
will take care shaH be given with chan, who is here present; also two
Truth and exactness, and without Indian Shawana Lads came tplther
any partiality from resentment or about the same time, whose names
favour; that when our G"vernour are Acquittanachke and
and Council are assured of the yt; also, his Squaw, a Shawnese
Truth they may proceed more safely woman, named Weyneprecueyta,Cou-
in doing of Justice. sin to Savannah, Chief of that Na-
This being interpreted, as has been tion who are all here present.
said, into the four several Languages Then Winjack and Savannah,
of those Peo)Jle, we judged it neces- Chiefs of the Ganawese and Shaw-
sary that our Commission should be nese, were required to charr;e those
publicly read in the hearing and for four witnesses of the fact of their
the satisfaction of the EngHsh who respective nations to speak the im-
were there, and then we proceeded )Jartially, without malice pr Hatred,
and put the following Questions, and Favour or affection on any account
examine Indian Evidence. whatsoever. The three Shaw anna
Quest. When did Civlliity and the Witnesses being desired to wltdraw
other Indians of Conestogoe first, Ayaquachan, the Ganawese, aged ac-
hear of the death of the man, and I cording to appearance, about thirty
by whom? I years was called uon to give an ac-
Answer. They heard of it by sev- ,count of what he knew, and accord-
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LA.'IICASI'ER CO UNTY INDIAN TRIBES
268
ingly he said, that he came in the I Acqueannacke, the Shawana, aged
evening to the Indian Cabin in which i in appearance about twenty-two
Indian is dead, with John Cartlidge I years, SIllYS,. that he came to the same
and Edmund Cartlidge, who had place with John Cartlidge p.nd his
with them William Wilkins and one 'I Company, that the Sinneka had Ii-
Jonathan, both servants to John quor overnight, and was drunk with
Cartlidge with an intent to trade lit; that he and the Ganawese sate
with the said Indians, for his skins, ,up all Night, but this Examinant
they having hired him to be their I went to sleep. The next day the Sin-
guide; that John Cartlidge gave the neka. asked for more rum of John
Sennikae some small quantities of CartlIdge who refused to give him
P n h d th ti
th t any; that John threw away the Pot,
u c an rum ree mes.. a
i h
~ and upon the Indian still pressing
even ng, as e remembers, as a free
for more liquor drew him down ac-
gift, and then sold him some rum; ross a Tree, that the Indian rising,
That both the Sinnekae and this Ex- went up to his Cabin; that William
amlnant were drunk that night; that Wilkins followed him and met him
in the morning the Sinnekae said he coming out of the Cabin with his
must have more rum, for that he had Gun, that Wilkins laid hold of him
not received all he had bought; that and the gun and they both struggled,
accordingly he went to John Cartlidge but not much; That Edmund Cart-
and demanded it, but that John de- lidge came up and forcing the gun
nied to give him any, and taking the i from the Indian struck him three
pot out of the Indians hands threw 'I blows on the head with it, with
it away; that the Sinnekae told him which it broke. He struck him also
he need not be' angry with him for on the Collar bone; that John Cut-
asking more for he owed it to him, ! lidge being at the fire there stript
and he still pressed him to give it; loff his clothes and coming up kicked
that John then pushed the Indian I the Indian on the side and broke
down who fell with his neck across two of his ribs; that the man then
a fallen tree, where he lay for some i bled at the mouth and nose and was
time, and then rising walke.! up to I unable to speak, but rattled in the
his Cabin; That this Examinant was I Throat; Thlllt John Cartlidge with his
then by the fire 1I;hich he thinks was ,Company went to the fire, made Ul
about thirty or forty, other!! say a I his goods and came away; that the
hundred paces from the Cabin; that Sinneka in the mean time came into
he saw John Cartlidge strip off his his cabin where these Shawana lads
clothing near the fire; That then I left him, and followed John Ca.rt.
this Examinant went up towards the Iidge to trade with him; that thi&
Cabin and saw the Sinneka sitting on happened about nine in t}le morning,
the ground with the blood running and John Cartlidge himself says, he-
down his neck, and that when John left the place at ten by his watch.
Cartlidge came up he kicked him on Metheequeyta, the other Shawanna
the Forehead with his foot; that this lad, aged about seventeen or eigk-
Deponent was in liquor at the time teen years, confirm,s what the other
and knows no more. Being asked if young man, his companion has said,
he saw any gun, he says he saw and declares he can say nothing fur-
none. ther.
Digitized by Coogle
Hereupon, great pains were taken of the same place coming thither by
and Endeavors used to perswade accident and finding the man dead
these evidences, to declare of them- burled him In the cabin, and were
selves all that they particularly gone from thence before she return-
knew without considering what the I ed, but she met them In the way and
others had said, or were suppoeed by understood by them that they had
them to say, for they were kept lain him In the ground.
apart during the examination, but the Passalty's wife and the Hermaph-
Indians could not be preva.lled with, rodlte being called declared that
alleging It was to no purpose to re- Kannannowach, a Cayoogoe Indian
peat what others had already de- was the first one who found the man
c1ared, and It was by many leading dead, and that he hired them to go
question that Acquanachke was In- bury him lest the beasts or fowls
duced td mention any part of what should eat him; that It was about
the Ganawese had said before. seven days after his death that they
Weenepeeweytah, the Sqnaw, was w.ent thither, and the body then
then examined and said, that she was stunk; they found three wounds In
in the cabin when her husband came his head and they washed away the
in for the Gun, that she shrieked out blood and the brains appeared; that
and endeavored to hinder him from two of his ribs were broke, and his
carrying It out, but could not; that side on that part was very black.
she followed him. and Wl1kins being These, ma.y It the Gover-
then by came up and laid hold of nour are the examinations of the In-
the Gun. but could not take It from dian evidences which we taken,
him; that Edmund forced it out of with all the exactnes.s that was in
his hand and struck him first on the our power and with the utmost lm-
Shoulder, and then thrice upon the partiality. We confess that we had
head, and broke the gun with the no reason to be full satisfied with the
blows; that John Cartlldge stript off management of the three Shawanese
his clothes and coming up to them Indians vix: the two lads and the
found the Indian sitting and he then Sqnaw, especially the two first, for
gave him one kick on the side with they seemed to have agreed on their
his foot, and struck him with his story before hand, el)epecially on the
flst, that the man never spake after particular of the man's ribs being
he received the blows, save that af- broke of which we conceive these
ter he got into the Cabin he said his two youths could not possibly know
friends had killed him; that a great anything before they left the place,
quantity of blood came from his because they came from it much
wounds. which clotted on the bear about the same time with the Cart-
skin on which he lay; that his mouth lidge's and therefore we judge they
and nose. were full of blood; that he could hear of it in no other way
died the next day about tbe same than by the woman yet
time he was wounded the day be- they were positive in amrming; And
fore; that she was alone with the we have here given the whole, with-
corpse and went to seek some help to out retrenching anything In favor of
bury him; that in the mean time an any person whatsoever.
Indian woman, wife of Pas salty of The belt of wampum was then
Conestogoe, with the Hermaphrodite taken up and shewed the Indians,
Digitized by Coogle
2"
Bnd they were told It was sent from l you have done, aad pitched upon one
the G'overnour by us, to be forwarded I accordingly.
with a meSBage tD the SInDE-1m In- The Indians ImSwered: They had
dians upon this unhappy accident. deferred the choice of a person till
They were therefore desired to think I this meeting and then they named
by the mornIng of a proper person to I some one of them to which we much
carry it, that the day being now far desired to be the person, but he ex-
spent and the Company tired, (for i cused himself. At length one Skatch-
we sate on the busIness near. eight eetchoo, a C a y o o ~ e of the Five Na-
hours) we should leave what we had tions, and of that next In situation to
further to say for the next 1ay, and I the Sinnekaes, who had for divers
accorlltngly desired them to meet us I years resided among our Indians,
early In the same place. We then I was chosen and he undertook the
ordered two gallqns of rum made In-l journey, but said he could not leave
to Punch, with the above, a hundred his family, who then wanted bread,
weight of meat and bread brought I unless they were provided for. We
from John CartIldge's, to be dlstrl- ! assured him that the next day six
buted among the Company which was i bushels of Corn should be brought to
large and provisions being exceed-I him for his Famlly's support in his
ingly scarce at present among them. absence, and for his journey he
should have a Stroud Coat, a new
The next day, viz; the l5th of Gun, with three pounds of powder
March, we met the same Chiefs wlth- and six pounds of lead, which he
out other company to consult about seemed cheerfully to accept of; some
sending the message before mentlon- 'Palatines, undertook on the Secre-
ed and Colonel by the same Interpre- I tary's promise to pay to bring the
ters spoke to them .as follows, I Corn the next day; a Gun and the
Friends and Brethren: lead we had from John Cartlidge,
We Informed you yesterday that but he having no good powder or
we were sent by the G'overnour In Strouds at home, Peter Bizallion.
yery greajt haste from Phllfldelphla promised to deliver these to the
upon the news of this unhappy acci- I mesenger as he passed his house
dent, which we have been enquiring near Pexton. Soon after the two
Into. We therefore, had not any time Stroud Coats were presented, one of
to bring with us any presents to the Conestogoe old men proposed to
ma.ke you, nor could we Indeed be- I Civility, that John Cartlidge having
lIeve they would be expected on this i before given them a Stroud, with a
occasion. We thought, however, String of Wampum for the same pur-
that if any should be wanted they pose, these should also be s(;nt with
might be easily had at Conestogoe, the others, which being approved of
but find them very scarce .. We have by the other Indians, the said Stroud
however procured two Stroud Coats and Wampum was brought aud added
to be sent to our Brethren, the to those we had delivered.
Sinnekas to cover our dead friend, The messenger being. fully con-
and this belt of Wampum, (Which cluded on. we desired Civility and
was taken up), Is to wipe away the him to be with us In the evening, at
tears. We yesterday recommended John Cartlldge's house, to receive the
to you to think of a fit person to words of our message; but first we
carry the message, which we hope proposed to the Indians to send a
Digitized by Coogle
:211.
SQ (jsi:1IANNOC13S
tnmlsap;;e fOf" themselves in COlJ.junc- parts nearly forty years agoe, wIIfcb
flon wItli Oiri"5+ to 5+fliiW tbiil" Baf.ll" i Leafiuu hag (lrtenreen rlinewed, fiild
faction in our proceedmgs, but tlrey 'never broken, but an unhappy acci-
gave us to understand that they! dent has lately befallen us. One of
liould nut join eny OT TTeirs lour Cretheeu anfl flour fl5+ople hilS
ollr present, (or no such tbing waif lost his life by some of our People;
ever practiced by the Indians, and Rum was the first cause of it; he
they no of iCrir oem readT war W"flrm nl"ld benilght gun In
otherwise they would send CivHi- anger against them. lney were
ty was then privately informed tlrat afraid of his gun took it from him.
rle hl"d a bbt also Eliir (th5+' wOlmTed him and died" Our
Secretary having carned np two),' ernour, (III tLie first news of it
Which they miglLt take as their own us two of his Councll to inquire in-
and it liaaordind1p;;" reemllli to We al""ve dnnn it we lil"e
much pLeasii'1 nl"ith ami we p;ra" nOilli taking the l"lnllnders to PhEla-
pared for that time to take delpbia to answer for their fault.
hut htlfOre did thIs We lll"lnd thilne Stlliiids t11 l"over nilr
necellllary cauiian deah hrothat, and llis bl"llt to lllipe
from the example we had given them away the tears; and when we know
of Oui" drea%: llere lind tpnliermlilll YOUi" mind liOU Shlill hanp all
llver tE1em, tnd Ont regatd to OilS thel" realll"lmlble nntlsfatUon for
League made with them. They your loss. Civility also received the
ilhouhl be Olley cort(ul theie Othlll" belt privately promieed
,lartS 0 it to Illve noense 10 tIlo would hold Coondl next dgy
Christians who Were settled near among themselves, as they had be-
them, by injuro fore engagod to Ue, iii"nd il1lnding thgt
their 1,il1itle gnytEiinIl belonging belt thll}l" own uame lallllid >yIue
them; for as we would suffer none of an account of it of our Governour's
llur iillllple InjUlr them uliithmit grelii eare thirn anl1 (If all lmr
punishing the llffemlitiii. so COn;ll pronri(Hngl" thfe matter
not receive injuries without requir- Being the same time credibly in-
Ing Sli.ffefacUOll and this we en- formed that the Five Nation;0 hail
TeaVOl";id to imIlresil upon tilim, down la?ll'l Bell
""""""" """ Wampum, a
ter which we took leave of them all,
figure of a Rundlet and an Hatchet on
ixceptlnfi Civillty and the Messeng-
ir, ami llame OUL
'
h"ldginfi llt JOil]"l it tl) tlie hHtlllns i3l"ltUed nTlwarde nn
Cartlidge's whither also about two Sasqnflilanm", witP nrder} to
hours after came the said two last all the rum they met with judged
mentioYlTld Imlfans; to It nicrssarq to gend bTl Lhe
senger we delivered the following meeill"lnger Tlublie nrder, under
words as the signification of the Hands and Seals, to all our traders
helt sent with Mill, viz whooi we liliould tHet to
Deliver tMs tielt from tlie quaint them, liS thrKr carrqEng of ;"um
nour and Government of Pennsyl- to the Indians was against the Law,
vania the fhlng chie"K of so lndiafili stauill"fi it no
dinnelii11ls, auT say Lhe wnrds ilian what Kl"nm timo to timi they Itd
brings are these:- been encouraged to do, and therefore
'Vf!am Pekln made fii"m peane they must catt not tn eause ery
nnd linIlue the I ldian thilill riot nr Yi"eiiich the iieace, yy
Tnaking ann reniTtancn, a {copy
which order Is here piPesented.
All fhis inem thc firTt day
'Our arrival at Conestogoe JQhn Cart-
H{lge, nnd Imm the sTTond riay importont thing to notice ill
mund Cartl1dge, had by virtue 'Of 'OUT three 111 YriTtlgThteQn a'S Tooam 'On
warrant, been in tke custQdy 'Of the p. 270, that a lQt 'Of the English haei
hgh HAeerlAi' T,f CH,r,ster whQ cnHrcteel around ahQut hQnoeey,',ga,
vanied us, 'Or In that 'Of persons de- where this inquest was held.
reuted him, ldhf_hutKo. tho Govuunnreu& OR
The next mQrning, Civility the Ute KUling at COMst.ga.
eYeesSeBeeer, Bcd dine'rs the dd mUee ramer hQgem and ,JQhn ri'rende not
came 'Over tQ JQhn (,artltdge'B 1''0 'Only act1:ld as O:lmmissioners but
liS at 'Our departure. The Messenger I thuo biought the tWQ Cartlidges
us wnuid srt 'Out the nUft I wH+: th,',u and e,ut tdem the
mQrnin
g
,. viz: the! 7th, ,that he I the She rift': It that
be ulth rhe nmnecraes e1eeor 'tha Indian hac, been killrn anu nur-
days, and tQ return in thirty; that lied betore they gQt to CQnestQga; he
he and Civility, UPQn his return, i war burk'd tlliee days' jQurney frQm
wnuld 'cQmu cUre,:tit tn Phlixr:lelpz:hr: Con'ustQnn, hrri a yury hard
t'O give an accQunt here 'Of the Dis- I task tQ get a legal jUry. This is
e:li;;U pressed John I 'On It,,, '01' dul. 3 th,' CQL
Ctrrtlidge, (Edmd .. being gQne befQre ! nrut day 'On the 22nd 'Of March,
wIth 'Odtler his oynn.hm.iBe ! at Fhila,klphh the Ir:vestioatl'O'n was
m'Ost in 'Our way) t'O hasten and go I c'Ontinued and .J'Ohn cartlidge's ser-
,Llong mith us. wiSe grirfed Wff swor,: thf two
m'Ost t'O distractl'On, and W'Ould f'Orce Cartlidge's sent a petiti'On tQ the
t:orsenY and her fhild with but Gour,rntnrnt from the jon, eeeYying
was at ienhth prenriled mith stao; that they were S'Onh, thtt :hr:y did
I i!:;
dians went in t'O c'Omf'Ort her, and so prayed a speedy trial and the CQun-
deptrte,,%. en admit.ted teem bail, Theh en-
We have hrought b'OfE: JQlm tered inl'O the baH in the {;ourt
lidge and Edmund Cartlidge Pris'On- House bef'Ore the G'OvernQr; and in
te tQWli witEi the ::mathot,
who was present at the fact, and
heve cztmmEttyd tLfm te) the e:;ust(,cty
of the High Sherift' 'Of Yhilaxelphia,
where they now are. William Wilkins
:,:,YS 'Om' hundred ynd miles
Sasquehanna trading fQr his master,
a:?nry t,n blic tnanneA' it lit ,',nee
mQved that J'Ohn Cartlidge's name be
dxttETped ETS a Justkt 'Of tlie Fnace
and that he be struck 'Out. (See Po
156,) Buth myn su(:(eeded in giving
bf:Tl as arte shoten on 157
and t.Zeerebre tytx far 'Out OOt Feeeling of the Indians at
reach. fOl1'entoga &be ?:4JIlinh.
This, mao it hlease the Govern'Or, In VQL 3 CQL Rec" p. 152, we are
in ursuxmce QU:' instrmctiQttr, t'Olh that the fndigme at t.Zonfrtoga
the rep'Ort we have humbly t'O 'Offer I selected a Cayuga Indian to ".ake the
%13 A.'1NALS OF THE SU SQUEHANNOCKS AND
news to the Five Nations Rnd also
the newS of the proceedings, but tbe
Indian said that be could not leave
his family without provisions. The
white people around Conestoga,tbere-
tore sent bls wife a lot of corn and
some of tbe Mennonites about Con-
estoga said that tbey would pay for
tnore corn and take [t there.
In tbe last mentioned book, p. 155.
we are told tbat Jobn Cartlidge's
wife was very mucb distracted about
this kllJlng and that tile Indians
around tbere wept to ber and tried
to comfort her and make her feel
that Cartlidge would come put all
right.
The tnessenger also returned from
the Five Nations and made II favor-
able report.
1722"":'" The FITe Nation's Attitude
again arrested. Some of the FITe
Nations bein. present and the Con-
toga Indians also, tbe Governor said
I
to tbem "Friends and Brotb.ers of
Conestoga, It makes our hearts glad
to see bow you brighten the chain
and make It strong. Tbe chief law
among the English Is that when any
man bas done another an injury, he
must be punisbed, and these men
who killed your cousin must be tried
according to law."
Finally the Indians themselves
Rsked that they would let J:>hn and
Edmund Cartlledge go free and they
were lert go.
1722-The Conestoga Indian!! llurh
Excited About. the Tallng of
)Aboot ThIs Conestoga Killing. Land at Conestoga.
In Vol. 3 of tbe Col. Rec., It is In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec. p. 178.
stated at p. 163, that a number of the It is stated that the Governor sent
Conestoga Indians and the messen- a letter by express to Conestoga on
ger sent to the Five Nations, the the land question and received news
Delawares and others betng present of the excitement in Conestoga. He
In Council the Governor asked the said he found the Indians we!e much
tnessenger for a report and he said alarmed about a survey of lnnd on
among other things, that when I the bank of the Susquehanna, that
Logan came up to Conestoga Decause he held a Council with the Indianl'
of those news that their c01lsin had of Conestoga on .Friday and Satur-
been killed, that all felt a great sor- day and proposed that he would sur-
row and he delivered a beIt of wam- vey for them a tract on the West
pum to wipe the tears away. He side of the Susquehanna river, be-
also says that the Five Nations are I ginning on the upper line of the new
well pleased with what has been settlement and running back six
done and that they hope we will miles Into what Is now York County,
keep the bones of the dead more in and down that Une to a point OPPO-
tnemory. He presented other belts site the mouth of the Conestoga
and desired that the Governor Creek and then by a line Into the
would be strong friends with them. river. This pleased them very much
On the report being made the This land excitement became .BO great
Council decided that John and Ed- that the Governor ordered a company
tnund Cartliedge must be prosecuted of the militia to set out from New
according to law. And because the I Castle up to Octoraro to prevent the
Five Nations think that they ought Marylanders from disttirbing our In-
to be tried these two men were dlans.
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER CO UNTY INDLAN TRIBES 274
l;22-Governor Keith Holds Another I famly and to his children, that are
Counell with the IndIans at grown up to be men In England, and
Conestoga.
On the 15th of June, 1722, Gover-
nor Keith was at Conestoga holding
a Council to take up several ques-
tions, and among others was this
question of surveying a tract of 70,-
000 acres of land across the Susque-
hanna, so as to keep people out and
away from the Indians. This tract
was known as Springetsburg Manor.
The minutes of the Council are set
forth In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p.
will soon come over to represent bim
here. Last time I was with you at
Conestogoe, you showed me a parch-
ment which you had received from
William Penn containing many arti-
cles of friendship between him and
you and between his children and
your children; you then told me he
desired you to remember it well for
three generations, but I hope you and
your children will neVeT fOJget It.
That parchment fully declared your
consent to William Penn's t:,urchase
181, as folloks: and right to the lands on both sides
At a Council with the Indians at Sasquehanna; but I find both you and
Conestoga, June 15th, 1722.
PRESENT:
we are like to be disturbed by idle
people from Maryland, and also by
Sir William Keith, Bart., Govr. others who have presumed to survey
Col. John French and Francis lands on the banks of Sasquehanna,
Worley, Esqs., without any powers from W1lliam
The Chiefs of the Conestogoe, Sha- Penn or his children to whom they
d G I di S ith I belong, and without so much as ask-
wana an anaway n ans; m 'ing your consent.
the G'anaway Indian, and James Le I
Tort, Interpreters. 1 am therefore come to hold a
The Governor spoke as follows: I Council and consult with you how to
Friends and Brothers: The belts! prevent such injust practices for the
which I lately received from the Five I. future, and hereby we will shew our
Nations signify, that they '1re one great love and respect for William
people with the English, and are Penn's chlldren who inherit their
very kind neighbors and friends. They I father's estate in this country, and
invite me to come to them at Albany, have a just hight t.o the hearty love
and make the chain between us as and friendship of all the Indians
bright as the Sun. When they see promised to them In many treaties,
me they wHl remember their great I have fully considered this thing,
friend William Penn, and then our and if you approve my thoughts, I
hearts will be filled with love and our will immediately cause to take up a
Councils with peace. large tract of land on the other side
You say you love me because I of Sasquehanna for the Grandson of
came from your father, William WlUam Penn, who is now a man as
Penn, to follow bis peaceable ways, tall as I am; for when the land is
and to fuUm all his kind promises to marked with his name upon the trees
the Indians, you call me Willlam it w1ll keep off the Marylanders and
Penn and I am very proud of the every other Person whatsoever from
name you give me; but If we have a coming to settle near you to disturb
true love for the memory of William you, and he bearing the same kind
Penn, we must now shew it to his heart to the Indians which his Grand-
Digitized by Coogle
:?75
A.'lNALS OF THE SU SQeEHANNOCKS AND
father did, will be glad to sive you
PRESENT:
any part of his land for your own Sir William Keith, Bart., Govr.
lise and convenience; but if other Colo. John French and Francis
people take it up they will make set- Worley, Esqs.
t1ements upon It, then it wUI not be The Chiefs of the Conestogoe,
In his power to give it to you as you Shawana and Ganaway Indians:
want it. Smith and James LeTart, Interpre-
My Dear Friends and Brothers:
Those who have any wisdom Tawenea, as follows:
ters.
The Indians spoke in answer by
amongst you must see and be cOJl- They have considered of what the
vlnced that what I now say is entlre- Governor proposed to them yesterday
Iy for your good, for this will eirec- and think it is matter of very great
tually hinder and prevent any person Importance to them to hinder the
from settling lands on the other side \farylanders from settling or taking
of Sasquehannah, according to your up lands so near them upon Sasque-
own desire, and consequently you hanna. They very much approve
wlII be secure from being dIsturbed what the Governour spoke and like his
by ill neighbors, and have all that Council to them very much, but they
Illnd in the same time in your own are not willing to discourse partic-
power to make use of. This wlll al- ularly on the business of land lest
so beget a true hearty love and the Five Nations may reproach or
friendship between you, your chll- blame them.
uren, and the great WilUam Penn's They declare again their saUsfac-
grandson, who is now Lord of all t'on with all that the Governour said
this country In the room of his yesterday to them In Council and
grandfather. It is therefore fit and although they know that the Five Na-
necessary for you to begin as soou as tions have not any right to these
rou can to express your respect and lands, and that four of the towns do
love to him; he expects It from you not pretend to any, yet the fifth town
according to your promises In many viz: the Cayugoes; are always clalm-
treaties, and he will take it very ing the same right to lands on Sas-
kindly. quehannah, even where they them-
Consider them my brothers, that 1 selves now live; wherefore, they
am now givmg you an opportunity to think it will be a very proper time
speak your thoughts lovingly and when the Governour g o e ~ to Albany
freely unto this bra,ve young man, to settle that matter with the Cay-
Mr. Penn's grandson; and I, whom ugoes, and then all paties will be
you know to be your true friend satisfied.
will take care to write down your They asked the Governour where-
words and to send them to England I abouts and what quantity of land does
to the gentlemen, who will return he propose to survey for Mr. Penn.
you a kind answer, and )':0 your it answered from over against the
hearts will be glad that the great mouth of Conestogoe Creek Ull to the
William Penn still Uves in his chil- Governour's new settlement, and so
dren to love and serve the Indians. far back from the river as no person
At a Council held with the Indians <lan come to annoy or disturb them
at Conestogoe, June 16th, 1722. in their towns on this side.
Digitized by Coogle

OTHER LANCAS ..... ER CO UNTY INDIAN TRIBES
276
They proceeded and say that they viz: next day, under the command of
are at this time very apprehensive one Captain Dursey. Now, Sir,
that the people wlll come when the though I did not by any means give
Governour has gone to Albany and credit to all this relation, yet know-
survey his land; wherefore they ing the weaknesses and former at-
earnestly desire that the Governour tempts of some of your people of
wlll immediately cause the surveyor whom I have formerly complained to
to come and layout the land for Mr. I yourself, who justly bear the char-
Penn's grandson t.o secure them, and acter of land Pirates, I was resolved
they doubt not but the Governour's ,to put it out of their power on this
appearance and conduct afterwards at occasion to embroil us by their ridic-
Albany will make all things easy ulous projects, and returning im-
there. mediately to Conestogoe,where I in-
Gopy of the Governour of Pennsyl- deed' had left the Indians hut two
vania's letter to the Governour of days before, much alarmed with gen-
Maryland, dated from Newberry, on eral reports, that the Marylanders
Sasquehannah, June 23d, 1722. were coming to survey the lands
SIR: After I had been here some I which no reasonable man could then
days I set out on Sunday morning I believe. I now did, at the earnest
last from Conestogoe towards New request of the Indians, order a sur-
Castle by way of Nottingham, not I vey to be forthwith made upon the
without some hopes of having the banks of the Sasquehannah, right
happiness to meet you about the I against our Inc:Uan towns, and you
head of the Bay, from whence I will find the reasons I had for it
daily expected to hear from you. But more fully set forth in a copy of the
after I had proceeded twenty miles warrant of the survey herein enclos-
on my journey, I received an express ed. As I found this absolutely neces-
on the road from two Magistrates of sary to be done for quieting the In-
Pennsylvania, informing me that dians, as well as to prevent the mis-
they, with some others, had been chief which might happen upon any
taken prisoners by a party of men of your people presuming to en-
in arms from Cecil county, and car- croach upon what these Heathens
ried before the Justices of that call their property; so likewise, it
Court, who detained them in custody appeared to me to be the only method
two days, and afterwards dismissed I could take at this juncture
them upon a verbal promise to ap- from preventing our own people
peer the next court. They also ac- from taking up or settling lands on
quainted me of their being certain- this side to disturb or hamper . the
ly informed by the Cecil Magistrates, Indians unto whom this Province is
that a warrant was issued by Mr. bound by old Treaty to give them a
Lloyd fo surveying a Mannor to my full scope and Liberty in their set-
Lord Baltimore, upon the banks of tlemnts from the Christian inhabi-
the Susquehanna above Conestogoe, tants.
including this settlement from But that all things of this nature
whence I now write, and that an or- may be carried on with that open-
der has been issued by' yourself in ness of heart and perfect good under-
Council to press Men and Horses for standing which I am sure we both de-
that service, and that they were to sire, and that your own prudent mild
set out from Baltimore on Monday, conduct may be strengthened by all
Digitized by Coogle

277 ANNALS OF THE SU SQUEHA1'lINOCKS AND
the arguments I can furnish you for I ened Ollt so no trouble wUl occur.
putting a just restraint upon that 1';22-Locatlon of tbe Conestega In.
Covetous and most llcentlous Humor, dlantown and Fort.
with which you see we are contln- By reverting to the survey of
lIally plagued, I thought It my duty Sprlngetsbury Manor which extended
without delay to acquaint you by 1
15
miles Nortward from the mouth of
express with all that has been done I the Conestoga creek, we are given
here with the reasons at large. I another view of the location of the
Perhaps some Ignorant. or I should I Conestoga Indiantown. for in Vol. 3
rather say designing people, will t ~ ~ - of the Col. Rec.. p. 183, it Is stated
deavor to perswade you that s I that the Indiantowns are right oppa-
place is upon the Border of Mary- site this tract of land, to be surveyed
land; Whereas In truth, there can- across the Susquehanna river.
not be a clearer demonstration In
anything of that nature, that it is 1';22-A DelegatIon of Conestogas
about twelve miles to the North- Go ro PhDadelpbla.
ward of Philadelphia. and I am sure I Ill, Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 189, it
I need not say any more to convince is set forth that the Indians of Cone-
you that at least I have good reasons I stoga go to Philadelphia to attend to
to insist upon It being within the Important business. The language is
limits of this province, without all as follows:
manner of dispute. "Satseechoe, the Messenger, who in
My fatigue In the woods has brought the beginning of last May was sent
a small fever upon' me which an the second time to the Five Nations,
ounce of bark has pretty much abat- being returned from thence, and ac-
ed, so that tomorrow I shall return companied to town from Conestogoe
home by slow journey directly to with Captain Civility, Tehanl)ote and
Philadelphia, where I should rejoice I Diohanse, the Governour appointed
to see you once more but in all, him a public audience, wherein by the
places and at all times I shall be, interpretation of Civility from the
while living most faithfully, etc. Mlngoe into the Delaware Indian
H22-Tbe Cayugas ClaIm Land at tongue, and of Alice Kirk (who was
Conestoga, Formerly Sold to first sworn to interpret truly.) from
William Penn. that into the English. He reported
as follows:
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec, p. 182, That the people of the Five Nations
as shown In the above item, the wanted provisions so much, and were
Cayuga Indias had told the Con- so busily employed in looking out for
stogas that certain lands round about food that the Chiefs had not time to
Suspuehanna belonged to them and meet and open the presents sent them
that Penn had not bought It; that by the Governour; that he carried
the Conestogas say that they know them altogether to the house of the
the Five Nations have no right to I King on the river where the Messeng-
those lands and that f ~ u r of the Five 3r was born (viz: the Cayoogoes),
Nations are satisfied but the Cayugas where he left them, and when they
claim rights to lands and even to have leisure from providing them-
those where the Conestogas now IIv:: I 'ith victuals they will meet
and the Conestogas now ask t ~ se ves "
Governor to get this matter straight- together and open them; that these
Digitized by Coogle
278
presents are all put together with I and all wllI be made up when the
those sent by the Governour of Vlr- Governour comes to Albany. Tb.e
ginia, and the Golden Medal sent by' Governollr of New England has sent
the Governour until our Governour them great presents of Match Coat,
and the Governour of Virginia come thirty bundles of goods all tyed up,
to Albany, to which place they desire and they are not yet opened. ,When
the Governour and James I.ogan to the Governours come altogether to
come." Albany, they wUl open and divide
}'j2!-Tbe Conestoga Indians and the them. The Five Nations w1ll be glad
Five Nations Want the Cart.
o
Udges Pardcmed.
to see the Governours. they have been
busy getting victuals as fish out of
the River and some vension from
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 189, it the woods, but now Squashes and
is stated th.at the Indian delegation Pompions are come they will be able
,from Conestoga including some of the to travel. Their King is an old man
Five Nations reported to Council, and could not come thither; he can
"that they were glad the Governour not travel as a young man, but he wlll
sent them a Letter for that was like I come to Albany to see the
two tongue, and confirmed what the I there, who he hopes wlll come in ten
Messenger said to them. The great I days. They desire that Satcheechoe
King of the Five Nations is sorry for may come hither with the Governour."
the Death of the Indian that was I 1722-The FITe Nations Surrender All
kllled, for he was his own flesh and I til C to L ad.
blood he believes that the Governour e ones ga a
is also sorry. but now that it is done At a treaty held at Albany in 1722,
there is no help for it and he desires the Five Nations said, "Brother Onas:
that John Cartlidge may not be put those lands about Conestogoe which
to death for it nor that the Gc)vernour we now freely surrender to you all
should be angry and spare him for I the Five Nations have claimed, and it
some ime and put him to death aftel'-I Is our desire that the same may be
wards; one life is enough to be lost, settled with Christians, in token
there should not two die.. The King's ,whereof we give you this string of
heart is good to the Governour and all wampum," (See 3 Col. Rec., p. 201).
To this Governour Keith replied,
the English. One stuck a gentleman (p. 202) "Brethren: You know very
with a knife at Albany and they were well that the lands about Conestogoe
sorry for it, but it was made up and upon the River Sasquehanna, belong
nobody put to death for it. So they to your old friend and Kind Brother
William Penn, nevertheless, I do
desire John Cartlidge may not die for here, in his name, kindly accept of
this, they would not have him kllled./ the offer and surrender, which you
John Cartlidge has been a long time have now made to me because it wiU
bound. and they desire that he may put an end to all other claims and
b b
d 1 Wh th G disputes' if any should be made here-
e oun no onger. en e ov after."
ernour comes to Albany, they wlll
t k hi b th h d d th
' h t 1722-Gol'ernor Spotswood 01 VIrginia
a e m yean an elf ear s .
shall be joined as their hands to- Intends Holding a Treaty at
gether. The Governours of New York'i Conestoga.
of Virginia and New England are to In Vo1.3 of the Col. Rec., p. 202, it
be here, The Indians will all meet is stated that, "The Secreta)"y com-
Digitized by Coogle
%19 ANNALS OF THE SU SQUEHA."iNOCKS AND
municated to the Board a Letter he I SUBquehannas made stronger but that
had received from the Governour of: the Council opposed. The Governor
this Province, dated Albany tile --I then suggested that the best thing to
instant, informing him that Colonel be done would be that GovernOl"
Spotswood, Governour of Virginia,' Keith would either walt on Governor
then with him at Albany, bad r e s l o ~ e d 1 Spotswood at Conestoga, where Go\"-
on his return bomeward to hold a ernor bad appointed the Chiefs of the
treaty with our Indians at Conesta- Indians to meet Spotswood, or that
goe, whither our Governour designed II he, Governor Keith, would communi-
to accompany him, and therefore de- cate tp the Indians whatever Spots-
sires the SecretaI7 to give notice by I wood wished to. have done, (See 3
James Le Tort and Smith, the Gana-I Col. Rec., p. 207).
wese Indian, to the Chiefs of the Spotswood replied that he was very
Four Nations of Indians settled upon much surprised at the decision of the
Sasquehanna River, viz: The Mingoes Councll and from the tone of the
or Conestogoe Indians; the Shawa- letter he was very much disappointed,
nese, the Ganawese and the Delawares (See 3 Col. Rec., p. 208).
to be ready to meet Colonel Spots- 1.22-A Message to the Conestogas,
wood and him at Conestogoe in the Delawares, Shawanese and
beginning of October; but James Le Ganawese.
Tort and Smith, the Indian not being 1
returned from Albany as the Govern- The Governor and the Council after
our expected, the said direction of the the Albany treaty sent to the above
G'overnour's is at present imprac-I named Indians a message and told
ticable. And further this Board is of I them that a more firm League of
opinion, that they can not concur in I Peace was now made. Keith also
directing our Indians to meet the told them that he hoped that he and
Governour of Virginia at Conestogoe, Spotswood would meet them; and that
until this Government is acquainted at the Albany treaty the Five Nations
with the end and Design of the said agreed the Conestogas, Shawanese
meeting."
This desire of Colonel Spotswood
to hold a treaty at Conestogoe was
not received well by the Councll of
Pennsylvania (3 Col. Rec., p. 206.)
The members in Councll differed very
much on this matter and they decided
to put the decision off for a while,
and finally after the Councll broke up
the Governour found most of the
members to be of a different opinion
from him on the subject of Spots-
wood's intended treaty with our In-
dians. The result was that the Gov-
ernor sent Spotswood a communica-
tion saying that he himself approved
of the treaty and wanted the intimacy
between the Five Nations and the
and the other 'eight tribes under them
would be kept from harm; and the
Five Nations also agreed that neither
they or the Conestogas shall harbor
any negroes and that all negro slaves
found in the woods would be returned
to the owners.
1722-The Cone8toga and Shawanese
Indlan8 Send an An8wer to
CouneD.
the reply of the Conestogas and
Shawanese is given as follows:
"The Governor not having sufticient
time, at the last meeting of the
Council to lay before the Board the
answer he had received from the In-
dians at Conestogoe, by James Le
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER CO UNTY INDIAN TRIBES
28()
Tort, to the message sent them from Confirm our speech, consent and ap-
himself and the Board, the 11th of probation, and. thankfully acknowl-
October last, now orders the same to edgIng the Governouf's care for and
be read, and is in these words. on our behalf at the Treaty at
Conestogoe, Oct. 18th, 1722. Albany, and In the Spring our chiefs
The IndIan Speech to hl3 Excel- wIll pay a visIt to your Excellency
lency Sir William Keith, Bart., Gov- and Honorable Councll at Phlladel-
ernour of the Province of Pennsylva- phia.
nla, and his Honorable Council at An answer also from the Shawana
Philadelphia. I King In answer to that part of the
Brethren: message relating to the fugitlve
We have heard a relation of the Negroes from Virginia, were read In
Governour's proceedIngs at Albany, these words:
interpreted by James Le T('rt, and
are very glad for his safe return, as
also of the Governour of Virginia and
his proceedings, from which we have
a small dread upon us, but we being
Conestogoe, Oct. 18th, 1722.
From the Shawanna King to his
Excellency Sir Wllliam Keith, Bart.,
Governour of the Province of Penn-
here had not the opportunity to know sylvania.
what was acted. These are to acquaint your brother
The last time the Governour was concerning these Negro Slaves be-
here, we were In hopes he would longing to Virginia, now at or
clear all misunderstanding. amongst the Shawannoes at Opper-
We are very thankful for the I tus. I will go myself and take as-
Governour's care In letting us know slstance where they are not exceed-
the law with respect to Virginia, Ing the number 10 as directed. And
and will take care to acquaint the as soon in the Spring as the Bark
others and take care to observe as will run, we will lose no time to per-
directed by the Treaty, which Is en- form the taking of them according
gaged on our parts. to direction, for now they are abroad
We are thankful for the Belt of a hunting, so it can be done no
Wampum sent by the Governour In sooner; besides, there will be Hazard
confirming the law, and acquainting in Seizing them for they are well
us of the strictness of its ties. armed, but we must t811:e them bY
We are troubled In mind of being guile.
stopped for fear of some evil conse- I
am your Excellency's most
humble Servant,
quences to happen thereby. Notwlth.,.
standing, we say, as the three Gov-
ernours agreeing with the Five
Nations on it, we are satisfied.
We were In hopes there should
have been free liberty to pass and
repass, but as it Is agreed otherwise,
we will observe.
We llkewise, the Chiefs of the
Conestogoes, Connays, Delawares and
Shawannoes, sent this belt of Wam-
pum to the Governour and Council to
THE SHAWANNA KING.
1122 - Chester
County ComplalBS
Against the Rum SelUng at
Conestoga.
In Vol. 2 of the Votes of Assembly,
p. 312, it Is set forth that Chester
County filed a petition, asking that
rum selllng among the whites and
Conestoga Indians shall be stopped.
Digitized by Coogle
281
I722-The Assembly Take a Great
Interest In the Cartlidge Mnrder.
In Vol. 2 of the Votes of the As-
Bembly, p. 310, the Assembly aBked
the Governor to find out all the facts
cQncernlng thlB killing near Cone-
Btoga, and on p. 213 the Assembly
ordered an address to be drawn up
and sent to the Governor on that
same aftalr. ThlB addreBs Is found,
p. 314, and IB very Btrong, setting
forth the necesBlty of condemning to
condign punlBhment thoBe who kllled
the Indian back of ConeBtoga. This
petition Is Signed by a great number
of Inhabitants. The ASBembly also
demands the re-arrest of the Cart-
phla treaty. This time Beemed to be
a seaBon of hardships much of which
Is made apparently by Governor
Kelth'B treaty at ConeBtoga of June
16tb and 16th, 1722, (See Col. Rec.,p.
181).
172!-Tbe Shawanese and CODnoys
Go to Pblladelpbla to PaJ ,
Tribute t. the Five
Natfous.
In _Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 187.
iB set forth that the ConnoYB and the
Shawanese are going from Connoy to
the Five NationB to pay tribute and
further that they have captured some
negro BlaveB from Virginia and now
keep them prisonerB among them-
Ildges for the kUling the Seneca In- BelveB, (See 3 Col. Rec., p. 206). At
dian near Conestoga, (See p. 318); thlB time they were living on the Po-
and they also vote 60 Pounds to in- comac and had negro slaves livili ,.
I e
vestlgate the kUling, (See p. 321); I among them, (See 3 Col. Rec., p. 211).
and further they grant 100 Pounds to ..
Governor Keith to go to Albany 1
1
,2"...-Gol-emor Keltb Holds a Coun-
treaty to help to straighten out the ell Wltb tbe Ganawese.
affair with the Five Nations, (See p. In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 181,
327); so that the whole cost of the it IB set forth that In addition to the
Governor's party going to Albany and I other tribes of Indians, the Ganawese
all the COStB growing out of tbe were living about Susquebanna and
murder at Conestoga reached up- I Conestoga and that they made a
wards of 300 Pounds, a very large treaty with the rest of the Indians
sum, wblch shows the great import- and Governor Kieth.
ance that the Governor attached to 1772-The Warrant for Springets
o
the unfortunate kUling. We mUBt
remember that the sum of 300 Pounds bury Manor Signed at Conestoga.
Is the same that was voted to Lan-
caster County afterwards to build a
Court HouBe and from this we can
judge what It meant to vote 300
Pounds to inveBtigate an Indian mur-
der.
1722-Great Hardsblps Among tbe
Sbawana Indians.
we are told tbat tbere was a great
deal of bardship and suffering among
the Shawanese IndianB, so much so
that they cannot go to the Pbiladel-
In Vol. 4 of Haz. Reg., p264, It is
stated that the warrant for the
Manor of Sprlngetsburg, which we
bave before spoken of was signed
and dated at Conestoga.
1722-Tbe Old Parcbment Treaty, of
1682 Sbown by the Conestoga
Indians to Geoveror Keltll.
Gordon In his History of PennByl-
vania, p. 603 says that in 1722 at the
Treaty held at Conestoga by Gover-
nor Keith, that tbe Indians there
showed him the original parcbment
Digitized by Coogle
and treaty which William Penn had I we must all be one half Indian and
signed and delivered to them forty the other. half English, being as one
years before, that Is the Great Treaty flesh and one blood under Head.
of 1682. William Penn often spoke to them
171S-The Conestegas Say They Will and desired the Indians might heark
Nel'er Forget WIlUam Pean. to what he said, and after three gen-
erations were passed, and the People
In one of the articles last cited we
gone who heard these words, he de-
observed tbat tbe Conestogas and sired that the writing which he left
Shawanese sent messages to tbe Gov-
with them might be read to tbe
ernment, and in tbem they made the
statement that they wlll not forget
William Penn, since he held the great of their grandfathers.
treaty with them. I. cite this simply Wllliam Penn knew the Indians to
because It seems to prove that tbey
were present at the great traty. be a discerning people, that had
eyes to see afar off, and ears to
n_The Suqnehanna IndJan Tribes hearken unto and discover any ap-
Send a Message to Philadelphia proachlng danger, and he ever looked
by Delegates upon them as his brethren.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec.. p. 216, William Penn told them that he
the Governor makes known to the perceived that the Indians delighted
Council certain communications he too much In going to war. but he ad-
has had from the Indians on the vised them to peace, for If they went
Susquehanna and The abroad to war they thereby provoke
account Is set forth as follows: other Nations to come and destroy
"Then he communicated to the them.
Board the speech of Whlwhlnjac, We would not in tha.t case give
King of the Ganawese Indians deJiv- them countenance or any assistance,
ered to the Governor (when there but If they lived at home In peace
was not a su1llclent number of coun- and their htl would
sellors to make a Quorum) by Clvll- I not only take care of their goods and
Ity, In the name of the sa.ld Whiwhin-I families to protect them but would
jac, and of his and all the other three I also furnish them with powder and
nations of Indians upon Susquehan-! lead to defend themselves against
na, viz: the Conestogoes, Delawares those who might come to war upon
and Shawanese, at the Court House, them.
May the 18th, and rendered English It was agreed both by William
by Ezekiel Harlan, Interpreter,whlch Penn and tbe Indians, tbat if It sbould
was read and Is as follows: bappen at any time that eitber of
Tbey rejoice that tbere Is a them did forget the strict League of
ernor here from England that loves Friendship then made between them,
the Indians as William Penn did. the party who faithfully kept and
Tbey remembered that William remembered the Covenant chain
Penn did not approve of the methods should take the other, who had for-
Of. treating the Indians as Children, I got, gently as It were by the shoul-
or Brethren by joining Hands, for In der and put him In mind of It again.
all these cases, accidents may happen I As the Governor went last year to
to break or weaken the tyes of Albany to make a firm peace with the
}o'rlendshlp. But Willium Penn said, Five Nations, and to bury the blood
Digitized by Coogle
283 A!WALS OF THE SU SQUEHANNOCKS AND
of an Indian that had been spilt by I They then said Indians both old
the English, Whlwhlnjac, the Gana- and young do return the Governour
wese King, here present, Is coming 10 I their hearty thanks for his care last
the name of all the four Nations of year In sending Corn and Biscuit to
Indiana, upon Sallquehanna, viz: The their famllIell when they wanted it
Ganawese, Shawannoes, Conestogoes very much.
and Delawares, to desire that the Having finished what they had to
lame blood may not be burled but say, Wbiwhinjac, In the name and on
washed away as it were by a swift behalf of all the Indians makes a
present to the Gbvernour of 200
Skins.
The young men of the Ganaway
town, In behalf, of all their people
8B by way of complaint, that they
running stream of water never more
to be seen or heard of again, .and
they further desire the Governor to
believe that as they are one flesh
with the English, they look upon
themselves to be equally c.:mcerned have suffered many grievances.
with them in accidents of that Na- Then the Governour's answer to
ture. the Indians, which he was about to
They desire the Government may deliver, was read and approved.
keep this treaty In remembrance, so It was then considered by the
as that no clouds of any kind may a-I Board what presentll should be re-
rise to obscure It, but that It may returned to the Indiana, and agreed
main bright and lasting as the Sun, I to be as follows: A Barrel of Pow-
and they desire that the Settlers and der, twelve gallons of rum, 300 lb. of
young men near Conestogoe :J nd their Biscuit, one grace of pipes, 20 lb of
other towns, may be directed to treat I ~ - ' -
them with kindness and respect Uke Tobacco, 15 Stroud MaLCD Coats, 15
Brethren. Blankets, 5 pair of IIhoes and buck-
les, 5 paJr of stockings, 150 lb of
They also desire that the English lead and meat to the value of twenty
may not be suffered to straiten or shillings."
pinch the Ganawese or Shawannoes
to make them remove furthllr off, but 1723-rpper Shawanese Send A.
to consider them as Brethren, for I oUler Message to Phlaldelphla
they have heard some words to this In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rae., p. 219,
purpose which they do not care to
mention. there Is mentioned a letter from Ja8.
They are glad to flnd the English Mitchell, Justice of the Peace, dlrect-
continue to send their young men ed to the Governor, dated Donegal,
with Goods amongst them, and they April 25th, 1723, containing an ad-
acknowledge that the Traders dress from Ocowellos' King of the
now very civil and kind to t h : ~ ~ Upper Shawanese, to which the
whereby they eat their victuals with- Board agreed to make the following
out fear and have a true relish of answer:
them. "In answer to the Message from
The Shawannoes, Ganawese, Con- the Upper Shawanese on Sasquehan-
estogoes and Delawares shall never nah, mentioning their past vlslts,and
forget the words of William Penn, another shortly intended to the Gov-
but that since that treaty was made ernor of Canada, whom they think
between them and him, they do not fltt to call their father. The Gover-
flnd that we have been so careful to
come as often to renew It with the nour and Council say, that Wllliam
Conestogoe, as they have been to Penn's people in this country, are by
come to us at Philadelphia. treaties united to all the Indians as
Digitized by Coogle
in one body; but the French and Eng- If any of us therefore happen to
Usn are two df5UnCf peoplf5, af5 the skn or Wal'ITI of foud tTIf5 othf5I'
long wars that have been between should help him, and when any loss
the English and thelo fully f5nl)W. mlf5fYrtUYf beilllHs eltder
Now no Iydiaml that fye PltTIlted with llsh or the Indians, the other is sorry
us can be joined to them, because and In grief for It.
that would dlviI:iY tho yarne dody leto You yay WHliam Penn kl7YW yuu
two parts and utterly destrcy It. to be a discerning people that
Gnm,rnOUt amI Coum,n tdtl'e- llllUld dllar fTid afliT off, and
forT, can not Udl'ee ttat liny Of our gay yl)U know the EngJ5sh to be a
Brethren should be joined In League faithful ,good people who always
to otItgr NliTI:ton Pe'oIze thgg to doep Hteir r,leatieg and Heagiloe pun
the subjects of our great King George ctually with the Indians and you also
whn is head or' nJI tdo EnyILsh know etat lawt mliILe no frstinl>
anlf their ILretkren. these Indians tion between our people and yours.
are united to us, we shall desire their We beinr thus linked togflther
company n,nd they way Ive l,meF'lfmlly ,we fluFht alwaye but
with us as Brethren in peace and have one Council and so be of one
lova as OUI' Gther BrelIll'en Fnve jlfllnd, rwd tIurefure we ean nnt
hitherto done and ever must do with fer one half to go to War while the
us. other remains at home in Pel1lle.
GlnlrnouT at requrst Tend Whrr any i,IeOpEe are dluifed
them Five Gallons of Rum to clear their Councils and opinions, they
theit heal!.fl at hearlrh Of thesG zis hrOWIGak lmd SlllID beeome prllG
words, and one Btrowd Match Coat to their enemies.
to confirm them. In such cases you know It Is the
Tho Bnf5I'd ahrf5ed mileTI: tho In- llnnstimt lfl'll,cthef5 PInongot YOOr
dians at tire Court Hause the same people to consult together in Coun-
aftal'ooon lIDd nucordtugly, the nld lmd wirll mOll
come and convince the weaker heads
P. M. PRESENT: of the young and foolish.
Hfllllilurahlo tho GOVOI'flOUI' and JUSf 110 nllyht llnu tn do with
samo memlfers in the afternoon, because we are altogether one people;
sundry gentlemen and many other and then the family become strong
peowlze. lo,r, Pef3Ir antI h'rieTillshlp eaeh
Whiwhinjac, Civility, sundry chiefs other.
and other Indians. Remembel' that tlIis the brihlIt
lIeekieTI Earlea anlI Indllll SIIlfth, IIhain LollII anll Frknllship nherlI,
with William Penn bound your
Interpreters.
GWYllrnonr anllmererl WlIl 1I En-
jac's speech of the 18th Instant, as
follows:
Begthren Yml knelW I eleme
from WillIam Penn ,to fulfill his kind
WOlrtll to ,lIe hidlans, end be a
fatlInn to tlIem new, llnce is lIelne.
It is also the orders and Command
of tlIe ,z;llorge my lIies-
tel', that tlIe English and the Indians
should live together as Brethren in
onn tamHIl,
r,nd Ms teILeth,IY, nllm,rmm'e
separated, Be thill Chein
Philadelphia Is joined to Conestogoe,
nnd the indilln tonml Ulon Sml'
quehannah.
By, laying our hands as it were on
this 'llInln, ne Clfn safelY trIllel
night or by, day U,rougiI YOll
I
'
towns, and into the woods, and In
Ilee manner eOUl ]leoillu are lIereEld
conducted safely thrmlgh onl
settlements back again to us at
Fhila(h', I phle,
JlLlLt J(3
You must know and remember that of you as my own children, so I must.
is prOPel' omcr' and k.mslneee also by mPerefore I
as Governour of the whole countrey desire you wm be mindful to
to keep this chain perfectly clean them like Brethren of the same
end frr:e from t.he leart spedrP r:f rurt, Famne and not enffer
You therefore Whrwtrlnjac, King peopEr with their an:r dfrrOWdf fO
the Ganawese who have now spoke hunt and kill their Creatures.
me the name on hrhalf I you these tItEngs befme
t.he foul' Natnons of Kndlr.rtf:4 you to conzlrltr whot raid,
Susquehannah must remember that the presents before mentioned.
am goiuO to ant. ttll the I hdfdfdf alsrr orderdf!'i df;rovlslrras
ut.her tnriefs these tlations that and pe,Hons rum helid oou
expect you and they being frequently to your families, and I heartily wish
Coundl touether mlth you gOOd:E j(;urmdu homu to Crme-
end widfe men will exedfudlnglh stoga, which mas hdffde:-
careful to keep the End of the Chain Civility, the Intrepreter, told the
t.;rwarhe your r;wn eettlemenes Goved'dfour had romethKh to
wuys hz'Ehht cleon: and muh whirh :w
as
,-
assure all your people that as often The Indians well approve of all the
anh them hal'S occartun to Govsz'nour sahI oxcept mhere he
e(dme :,c,mn tu eXslt their :'kethrtdl told them the :'fdfglish Law
the English here, they shall not find no difference between the English
t.he let.te spot un thIs end c,f tht and In:'Eons, fm they altould n(:t
dfllaln l'addtenelE llere, addhich fflwanr like upon Indl:Eun comrnittic,o a
in my view and shall be my particu- fault, thwt he should be Imprisoned,
lar car'n, as hal', dfeen dfdfme kti;:::;lishm:::;rd
The head bo:::llu of Indian broth wero.
er whom you mention was covered To which the Governour answered.
me r;t Albanll in the sight of all Thet. tholl misaTdu;rehemod the
tOe Chiefs of tl1e Fiee NaUoos anr
d
to the satisfaction of the kindred;
rtr:vertheless I take It very kindly
that yau now rk:glre bloot may
washed away under the grourid never
more to be seen or heard of. This
uhows tllat yrm are Offr
ren, and hereupon I embrace and as
it were take into my arms you\ and
aB YOUd'
I will take care that no
Settlements shall hereafter be made
too n:Of your town: dlstm'b you.
so that the Shamanodfd: drnd fhnawego,
may remain in peace where they now
dire, fun we weH pleadded WlrO
them neighhurs and do desire
to see them remove further from us.
Uut ad: haye alwaor he en r:rady
f:far COd: l% taints snd Care
meaoIng, wtrieh wadd. t.hat fmy
IIshman did Injury to an Indian he
should suffot the same punishment as
if ho 'lad it an knd"lishm".n.
But If an Indian committed robbery
or rdUeh IIko :,:rlmn e.galnrt the Eng-
lish, wmdi:g aC:1uaint
with it and from him expect ratisfac-
tion.
Th:1n Civltity told the L:)Verti fur
that they looked upon it as a great
hardship for them to be confined
from t:untir:lE c,n ,thdd othedf side uf
Potowmlck, for that in their neigh-
boring woods was. but little game.
Trr which Goutdddnoudd dfuSWr:ndf4Y:
Tltat the LIve Lations hy their
treaty with the Governour of Virgin-
ia, agrd .. R not rffd Iy forhr:ar
thems:1tves al:1o to d'urdt.rain the
Susquehanna. Indians from hunting
there, for that he (Civlllty) knew that
some of the Five Natiops under pre-
tence of hunting had gone there for-
merly and murdered and plundered
some of the "English, which was the
cause of making that severe article
in the treaty.
Then Clvlllty said, that Whihlnjac
and the rest proposed to proceed to
Annapolfs, to renew their League of
Friendship with 'the G'ovemour there
as he has done here, and they
thought proper to acquaint him there-
of.
To which the Governour answered:
That the people of Maryland and
Pennsylvania were very good friends
he could to restrain the Five Nations
from "going South under tile pre-
tenses of hunting, for they really go
South to murder.
172S-The IDdlaD NatioDs N ~ w LlvlDg
on SusquehaDDa RIver.
in Mombert's History of Lancaster
county, p. 24, he refers to this confer-
ence held in 1723, in which Wblwhln-
jac, the Ganawese chief made the
speech and he calls our attention to
the fact that this Ganawese chief
mentions the four Nations living on
t h ~ Susquehanna, viz: the Cones-
togas, Shawanese, Ganawese and
Delawares.
and he was contented they should go, 1726-Tbe WaUdDg Purchase AgalD
but that the Indians should consider Causes Trouble.
that as they were Inhabitants of I In Vol. 2 of the Votes of Assembly
Pennsylvania, they were immediately ,
subjects of the Governour and none p. 481, under the date of 1726, It is
other." I stated the Indians claim they bought
1728 _ First Cause IDdueJng tbe back out of the walking purchases
all the land extending one mile on
SbawaDese" t ~ )[ove to Ohio. each side of the West Branch of the
In Vol. 1 of tbe Penna. Archives, p. Brandywine creek, from the said
329 there is a message dated 1732 I branch to the source of the said
from the Shawanese to our Gover-I creek. I put this in under Lancaster
nor. In It they say that "about nine I County Indian matter because the
years ago (which would be 172!l) the I West Branch of the Brandywine
Five Nations told us that we do not I practically touches Lancaster county.
well to settle there (at Pequea) for
there was a Great noise in the Great 1727-Tbe CODestoga CWeis Come to
Phlladelpbla.
In Vol. 3 of the 01. Rec., p. 271,
a very interesting visit of the Chiefs
of the Five Nations and also Indians
from Conestoga to the Government is
given. It Is set forth as follows:
"At a Council held at Philadelphia,
July 3d, 1727.
PRESENT:
House and in three years we should
know what they had to say." This
message further says that the Five
Nations threatened the Shawanel:le
that if they would not obey they
would put petticoats upon them. So
it would appear from this that the
Five Nations first frightened the
Shawanese to move away from Lan-
caster County.
The Honourable PATRICK GOR-
172S-Tbe IDdiaDs OD tbe Susque. DON, Esqr., Lieut. Governor.
IlaDDa Agree ~ o t to Hurt the James Logan, Richard Hlll, Isaac
Norris, William Flshbourn, Evan
Owen, Clement Plumstead, Esqrs.
IDdiaDs ID tbe Soutb.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec. p. 221, it Present also, several Chiefs of the
is set forth that Captain Civlllty told Five Nations, but most of them of the
the Governor that he would do whllt I Nation of the Cayoogoes, viz:
Digitized by Coogle
Connosoora, Cagongsanlyong, Cant- I have gained the victory; you have
araghengrat, Tannewhannegah, can-I overcome the People and their lands
nawtoe, Seelowacks, Achylawanra, are yours, We shall buy them of
Onaquadeghoa, etc., with Civility and I you. How many commanders are
Satcheetchoe of Cone&ltogoe and div- there amongst you, and being told
ers of the Ganawese, etc. I there were forty he said then If you
These, with divers other Indians, come down to me I will give each of
arriving from the Five Nations and these Comanders a suit of Cloaths
Sasquehannah four days agoe, deSir-I such as 1- wear. They say that a for-
ed a meeting with the Governour as mer G'oyernour proposed to some of
on this day. The Governour, to give their Nation, as they were passing
them an opportunity summoned the by Conestogoe. to l'o, to War against
Council for that purpose, who being their enemies, that he would buy
mett, and these Indians seated, that land at Tsanandowa, for that he
The Governour told them by Mrs. had a mind to settle some of his
M. Montour, a French woman, who people there, (as being In his road).
had lived long among these People, who would supply them with neces-
and Is now Interpretess, that he was sarles In their Journey; that they an-
glad 'to see them all well after 80 swered they were then going to war
long a journey, and was now ready and could not attend affairs of land.
with his council to receive what they but at their return they would lay
have to say_ the matter before their chiefs, who
Tannewhannegah spoke, and by would give their answer, and now
Montour the Interpretess said, that they are come to hear what the Gov-
the Chiefs of all their Five Nations ernour has to offflr.
being mett together In one of their They add that the sald Governollr,
towns they held a great Couucll, and I when he was at Conestogoe. desired
that these who are now present came those warriors to speak to the chiefs
in the behalf and by the advIce of alii about the Purchase of that land; that
the rest, that they understood the having no Wampum to send by them
Governour of this .,pr9vlnce had dlV-1 as a token of the Message, he gave
ers times sent for them to come the Warriors a cask of powder with
hither, and that they were now ac- some shott, a piece of red Strowds
cordingly come by the advice of all and some duffels, that the Warriors
their Brethren to know the Gover- delivered their message to the Chiefs.
nour's pleasure. - who have now sent to lett the Gover-
That the first Governour of this nour know they are willing to pro-
place, Onash, (that Is Goverour I ceed to a sale; and with this Speech
Penn,) when he first arrived here.' they present two very small bundles
sent to them to desire them to sell of Deer Skins for a confirmation.
land to him, that they answered they The Governour told them that he
would not sell It them, but they would answer them In the morning to
might do it in time to come, that beall they had said. and they departed.
lng several times sent for, they JULY 4TH.
were now come to hear what the The Council and the Indians being
Governour had to offer. mett according to Appointment, the
That when the Governour was at Governour by the same Interpretess.
In anSWl'r to what the Indians said
Albany he had spoke to them to this yesterday spoke to them as follows.
Purpose. Well, my Brethren you I viz:
Digitized by Coogle
...
The Governours of the Province, I When a former Goverbpur of this
who have all acted here in the Place place, with his Conncll, made a pres-
of William Penn, the first and Great ent at Conestogoe to some of the
Governour of the same, have always Five Nations then passing that way,
been pleased with every oPllortunlty it was not with any view to purchase
of cultivating and Improving a the lands at Tsanandowa. The Gov-
friendship with the Five Nations, ernour thanks them very heartily
and the present Governour and his for this offer to sell these lands, If
Council take their visit very kindly they are not yet purchased, but he
at this time, but they have been mls- can not treat about them at present.
Informed when they supposed the William Penn's son, who was born in
Governour had sent for them; the this countrey is expected over here,
Journey is very long and he would and then he may treat with them If
not have putt them to so much troub- he think It proper. In the mean time,
Ie, or If he had seen occasion for It, .
he would according to custom have I as these lands \fe next to our settle-
sent some Messenger with a token, ments, though at present at a great
by which the Five Nations might distance, we shall take this offer as
have been assured of the truth of a proof of their resolution to keep
the Message. them for him.
Governour Penn, (that Is Onash,) This is what the Governour has to
when he first came Into this Province say about the lands, but as' they e,re
took all the, Indians of It by the come a long journey to visit us, he
hand; he embraced them as his gives them as our Friends and Breth-
friends and Brethren, and made a ren these goods now'lald before them
firm L ~ a g u e of Friendship with them, I desiring that of the five guns one
he bound It as with a chain that was may be given to the chief of each of
never to be broken; he took none of the Five Nations, with three pounds
their lands without purchasing and lof powder and as much lead and the
paying for them, and knowing the rest may be divided as they shall
Five Nations claimed the lands on think proper. And we have also pro-
Sasquehannah, he engaged Colonell vlded Bread, Cheese, Rum, Pipes a,nd
Dungan, Governour of New York, Tobacco, for their support In their
about forty years since to purchase return.
their right In his behalf, which Col- The Governour doubis not but that
oneIl Dungan did, and we have deeds
from him for all those Lands. they are fully convinced of our
The Five Nations were so sensible Friendship and regard to them, and
of this that they never slnc.e claimed that they wlll consider their recep-
these Lands, though we have many tion here as a proof of It. The Gov-
visits from them hither for brlghten- ern our recommends to them to notify
the chain of Friendship. And Five the Chiefs of the Five Nations what
years since, when Sir Wllliam Keith, passes between us, that It may be
and four gentlemen of the Council I kept In perpetual remembrance.
were at Albany, at a general meeting The Goods which were last night
of all the Five -Nations their Chiefs ordered for them are,
of themselves confirmed the former 6 fine Guns,
grant, and absolutely released all 16 Strowd Match Coats,
p'retentions to these Lands; our rec- 10 Blankets,
ords shew this, ancj these people 10 Duffel Matchcoats,
who are now here cannot but be 12 Shirts,
sensible of It. 60 Ibs. of Powder,
Digitized by Coogle
,
289
ANNALS OF THE SU SQUEHA.'<NOCKS AND
100 lbs. of Lead.
2 dozen Knives.
I with anr misfortune and troubles
I
they will apply to us and acquaint
Ordered further: us with them. as their Friends and
To the Intrepretess 1 Stroud. 1, Brethren.
Shirt. 1 Matchcoat. I They say that there are come many
To her husband. Carondawana. 1 I' sorts of traders among them. both In-
Strowd and another to her Niece. dlans and English. who all cheat
To Civility. 1 Strowd. 1 flne Shirt I them and though they get their
and 1 pair of Stockings.
Also. 1 cwt. of Blsket. 10 Gallons skins they give them very little In
of Rum with Cheese Tobacco and pay. They have so little for them.
Pipes. their journey. they cannot live. and can' scarce
After the said Indians had recelv- procure Powder and Shott to hunt
ed their presents and were parted. with and gett more. Those traders
they again applied desiring an oppor- bring but little of these. but Instead
tunity of offering something further of them they bring rum. which they
and the Governour the sell very dear. at least three 01' four
same afternoon. they mett and pre- times what It is worth. and of this
senting six very small bundles of they complain.
Deer Skins. proceeded to say: I They take notice that both the
That they are come hither to see I French and English are raiSing for-
the Governour In his Government. I tiftcations in their country and in
and are very well pleased with the their neighborhood. and that
ollportunlty given them. and with the I numbers of people are sent thither.
Governour's discourse this morning. the meaning of which they do not
concerning the covenant chain and the ! very well conceive; but they fear
Friendship that has long subsisted' some III consequences from It. and
between them. and It Is this they de- make it now known to us as their
. Brethren
Slre may be kept bright and shining .
to the Sun. and that neither rain nor They desire there may be no set-
damps nor any rust may effect it to tlements made upon Sasquehannah
deprive It of Its lustre; and that the' higher than Pextan. and that none of
Governour and his people and they I the settlers thereabouts be suffered
and their people. their children and to sell or keep any rum there. for
our children may ever continue as that being the road which their
they have hitherto been. one Body. people go out to war. they are al>-
one Heart and one Blood to all gen- prehenslve of mischief If they meet
erations. with liquor In these parts. They de-
They are, (they say) but of one sire also for the same reasons. that
Nation, but they speak In behalf of none of the traders be allowed to
all the Five Nations and by authority carry any rum to the remoter parts
from them all. All humane things where James LeTort trades, (that Is
are uncertsin, and they know not Allegheny on the branches of Ohio).
what may befall them, or into what And this they desire may be taken
misfortunes they may be involved, if notice of. as the mind of the Chiefs
of all the Five Nations for It Is all
they hear any news relating to us those Nations that now spek by them
like Brethren they will inform us of to all our People.
it; and If we hear any III news rei at- The Governour received their pres-
lng to them they desire also to be ent kindly thanked them for that they
informed of It, for when they meet i had said. and that they might have
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCAS fER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 290
something in return for their last having been at Philadelphia to treat
present, it was ordered that the with the Governour, and did on their
Quantity of Powder should be in- return with his Company take up
creased to a hundred pounds, and their lodging mlar to his house
instead of 100 lbs. they should have where they resided about four days
a hundred Barrs of Lead. and nights together, the nearest
The Governour told them he would neighbors contributing to their nec-
answer what they had last said In essitys what they could ye neigh-
the morning, upon which after a bors being few and poor could not
Friendly entertainment by the GOV-, supply them to ye fuIl, at which
erour and Council they parted." place they kllled one of his cows,
This answer which the Governor which he valued at four pounds, and
promised to give them he gave on desired of me a warrant to appre-
the 5th of July and among other hend ye sald Indians, but [ being
things he told them that everything informed that they had a letter of
is peaceful and harmonious now and credit from ye Governour to all per-
that there is no bad news and no sons to supply them with what they
danger, but that there will likely be wanted, (and they being gone from
war in England; that the Indian the sald Richard Thomas' two days),
traders must be watched because I thought it most proper not to send
they try to sell high and buy cheap; a hue and cry atter them; but to
that we are trying to do all we can write to John Wright and Tobias
to stop the rum trade and that Hendricks to treat with them about
we are not allowing any settlements it in an amicable way, and to get
to be made above Paxton, (now satisfaction for the party injured;
Hains') and he says the Indians but they having passed down Suske-
ought to be very careful not to go hanna before my letters came to
past Susquehanna above the moun-
tains. He then told them as they
are preparing to go the Govern-
ment had provided them powder and
lead for hunting. and some rum and
proviSions.
17!7-The Chiefs of the Fhe NatioDS
Comlug from PhUadelplliil to
CODestoga Commit Depre-
dlUODSo
In Vol. 1 of the PenDsylvania Ar-
chives, p. 205 the following letter is
given:
CALN, ye 3d of ye 9ber. 1727.
May it Please ye Govemour,
These may certify that oDthe 16th
day of July last. 1727. Richard
Thomas of the Township of White-
land. came before me and did declare
OD hla sollem afIlrmatioD, that ye
KiDg of ye Five NatioDs of IDdiaDs
hand, they missed of the opportunity.
However about 3 days since ye said
Richard Thomas came agaiD to me
aDd iDformed me that he had beeD
with the GoverDour to lay his case
before him, iD order to meet with re-
lief, but (as he says) ye GoverDour
would give no ord.ers about it until
he had received some informatioD
from me to set ye case in a true
light. iD order to which he on ye
second day of this instant. November,
1727, brought two of his near neigh-
bors, namely John Straightfellow and
Henry Atherton, who according to ye
laws and customs of this province,
did attest, and solemnly declare by ye
said cow kllled, as above to be well
worth four pounds; and I being sen-
sible of the truth of ye above narra-
tion, shall conclude, who am ye
Governour's most hearty friend and
servant. To Command,
GEORGE ~ S T O N . "
Digitized by Coogle
1727-The KlIllDg of Thomas Wright Jonas Davenport, who brought
Near CODestoga. this account, and was one of the In-
As we have said above Wright was
kllled during the year 1727 and the
correct report of it is found in Vol.
3 of the Col. Rec. p. 285, where it is
stated, "That Mr. Logan acquainted
the Board, that last night he receiv-
ed a letter from John Wright, Esqr.,
one of the Justices of the Peace of
Chester Co., giving an account that
one Thomas Wright was kllled by
some Indians at ijnaketown, forty
miles above Conestogoe, which letter
together with the depositions of
John Wilkins, Esther Burt and Mary
Wright, and an inquisition taken up-
on the dead body were all laid before
the Board.
quest, being called in and examined
S8)'S, that he was informed by credi-
ble people living near the place
where the murder was committed,
that John Burt sent for rum to the
Indians which they drank, and that
he afterwards sent for more, that a
dispute arising between Burt and the
Indians, the said Burt filled his fists
with his own Dung and threw it
among the Indians; that It is gener-
ally believed that If Burt had not
provoked and abused thl!m to so high
a degree the matter might be made
up amicably, and that though It is
very certain the Indians kllleJ Thom-
The said Depositions being read, as Wright yet that the said Burt was
sett forth, that on Monday, the Elev- the principal occasion of it. Being
enth of this Instant, September, sev- likewise examined of what Nation
eral Indians, together with one John these Indians are, says that they are
an Indian Trader, and the said of, the Munscoes Indians, who Ilve on
Thomas Wright, were drinking near an eastern branch of the Susque-
the house of the said Burt, who was hannah.
Singing and dancing with the Indians The members of the Boart! observ-
after their manner, that some dispute ed that this was the first accident of
arising between one of the Indians, the kind they had ever heard of In
and the said Wright, Burt bid this Province since Its first settle-
Wright knock down the Indian, ment; and that though the Indians,
whereupon Wright laid hold of the who committed the fact, had receiv-
Indian but did not beat him, that af- ed very provocations, yet as a sub-
terwards Burt struck the Indian sev- ject had lost its life, it Is absolutely
eral blows with his first, that the necessary the Government should
said Wright and Burt afterwards take Notice of and move in It for
retired into the house where the In- notwithstanding it wlll be difficult, as
dians followed them and broke open the fact was circumstanced to call
the door, that while Wright was en- these Indians regularly to an ac-
deavoring to pacify them Burt caU- count, yet some proper measures
ed out for his Gun and continued to ought to be taken to make the In-
provoke them more and more, that dians in' general sensible of the Out-
hereupon the said Wright fled to the
henhouse to hide himself whither rageousness of the action, and to
the Indians pursued him and the oblige them to make satisfaction as the
next morning he was foun'l there nature of the case will adml: of. It
dead. The Inquisition on the body was hereupon further observetl that
setts forth, that the said Wright this Government had been f I
came to his death by several blows ormer y
on his head, neck and temples,which I happy above most of our neighbors,
the Jurors say, they believe, were in preserving a, good understanding
given by the Indians. and an uninterrupted Friendship with
Digitized by Coogle
!92
all our Indians, which was affected
by the just and obliging measures
our late proprietor first took with
them, by which he had greatly en-
deared them to himeslf and to this
Gover:rment, and the same methods
had been for years constantly con-
tinued by treaties with them, held at
a small expense, for that the whole
charge, one year with another had
not exceeded the allowance of Fifty
Pounds per annum, which the As-
semblles from time to time had for-
merly granted, but that now for six
years past, viz: the five lut years of
the late administration, and one year
!;ince the present Governour's arrival
we have had no mUlner of treaty
with our own Indians, upon which
they think themselves sllghted and
have complained of it on divers oc-
casions; that the late Assembly al-
so, being sensibl6 of this, by their
Speaker accompanied by the whole
House, when the last bills were pass-
ed, had signified to the Governour
that the House was desirous a visit
should be paid to the Indians as us-
ual, and it was hoped when the sea-
son of the year would admit of it,
care would be taken to do it, for
which the ensuing House would un-
doubtedly make a suitable proviSion,
since the late one of their own mo-
tion thought fit to make such an ap-
plication."
17fl-A Treaty With the Conestogas
to Be Held; No Treaty Doring
Six Years.
1728-A Report that the Delawares
are Ordered to Fight the English.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., pp. 295
and 296, an account is given, in
which it is stated tha.t James Letort
came to inform the Governor that
he was lately come from a town on
the upper parts of the Susq uehanna
River and that he heard whlle there
that the Five Nations had ordered
the Delaware Indians, who used to
llve in what is now Lancaster Co.,
but who moved west, to fall upon the
English. This report afterwards
turned out to be untrue.
1728-A Council Held with the Dela
ware Indians.
The King of the Delwares and
some ShawlIIIlese visited the Councll
on the 4th day of June 1728, which
may be seen in Vol. 3 of the Col.
Rec., p. 316. The Governor told
them that he was glad to see them
and that he had proposed to meet
them all at Conestoga, last Spring,
but he heard thlllt Civility and some
other Indians had gone away and
then he postponed the visit. He told
them that ten days ago he did meet
some tribes at Conestoga. He put
them in mind of the lact that they
had llkely heard that some Shawan-
ese about twenty days ago came into
these parts of the State and, fell on
some of our inhabitants, and that the
matter must be attended to.
1728-The Delaware Indians Say the
Whites Are Settled on Lands
They Never Paid For
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 286, In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec, p. 319,
it will be noticed that the account of the old Delaware King Allummapees
the death of Thomas Wright sets made a speech to James Logan, in
forth that there has been no treaty which he said. He was grown old
with the Indians for over six years and was troubled to see the Chris-
and that such a. treaty ought now to tians settle on lands that the Indians
be had. because the troubles would I had never been paid for, tlley had
not occur so frequently if there were settled on his land, for which he had
such Treaties. never received anything.
Digitized by Coogle
293 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUE!LL'IlNOCKS AND
That he is now an old man and I He said, that Sassoonan' now pres-
must soon die, that his children may ent, with divers others of the Indian
wonder to see all their father's lands Chiefs, about ten years since, having
gone from them, without his receiv-
ing anything for them that the
Christians now make their settle-
ments very near them, and they shall
have no place of their own left to
live on.
That this may occasion a difference
between their children and us here-
after, and he would willingly prevent
any inlsunderstandlng that may hap-
pen.
1728--.James Logan Shows the In-
dians That We Do Own the
Susquehanna Lands
a notion that they had not b ~ e n fully
paid for their Lands, came to Phila-
delphia to demand what Wail due to
them, that the business was heard in
Council, and he then produced to
those Indians a great number of
deeds, by which their ancest.ors had
fully conveyed, and were as fully
paid for all their lands from Duck
Creek to near the Forks of the Dela-
ware, and that the Indians were then
entirely satisfied with what had been
shewn to them and the Comml!!loners
to put an end to all further claims,
or demands of that kind, in conslder-
In the same book last cited, at p. ation of their Journey and trouble,
320, James Logan made the follow- made them a present In the Proprle-
ing reply about the land que&tion on
the Susquehanna: tor's name and behalf, upon which
"That he had not otherwise been they agreed to sign an absolute re-
concerned to the lands of this Prov- lease for all those Lands, and of all
Ince, than as he was Intrusted with demands whatsoever upon account of
other Commissioners by the Pro- the said purchase, and exhibiting the
prietor to manage his affairs of prop- said Instrument of release, desired It
might be read, which was done."
erty In his absence. That their great He then shows the Indians the
Friend, William Penn, had made It very deeds they had signed for these
his constant rule never to suffer any lands. viz: all the land between the
laJ;lds to be settled by any of his Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers
people, until they were first duly I dated the 17th of Septembr, 1718:
purchased by the Indians, and his This tract Included the tracts North
Commissioners, who acted for him In of Lancaster County or what Is now
his absence, has as carefully used Lancaster County.
the same method, they never agreed
to the settlement of any lands tm the 1728--The Indians ComplaIn of the
Indians were duly satisfied for them. Germans Settling Among Them.
But he said, he judged It proper in In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 322,
his audience to take notice of our one of the Indian Chiefs said that he
great unhappiness, In having too could not believe that the Christians
many amongst us who take a delight had settled on those lands untll he
In disturbing the Peace of the .Pub- saw It .with his own eyes. The lands
lick by any means in their power'j referrred to here are about Tulpy-
and amongst other methods they had hocken In Montgomery County, which
endeavored even to beget an uneasi- lands were taken up by a Colony of
ness In the Indians, but how little Mennonites who came over from New
reason there was for any complaint
against him, or the Commissioners, York; and James Lpgan gave them
he should make ,appear. the following explanation:
Digitized by Coogle
"That he was sensible the Palatines 1728-The Shawanese :Kill Two Con-
were settled there, but as he had estogas Near Conestoga.
observed before, It was without the In Vol. 3 of the Col. Ree, p. 302,
consent or knowledge of any of the "The Governour acquainted the
Commissioners, and how they came Board that a letter from Mr. Wright
hither he should now make this audi- at Conestogoe was latel3' communlca-
ence sensible. He sald, that when he ted to him, glving an account of a
left his house this morning he did not differences, which might in end af-
exuect this affair would be now men- fect the peace of the Province. His
tioned, but hearing after he came Honour said he had received
abroad that it was intendeu, being a petition, signed by a great many
unable himself to walk, he had sent of the inhabitants In the back parts of
for one paper, which he coulll easily quarrel that was like to ensue be-
direct to, that if he could have gone tween the Indians of these parts and
himself among his papers, he could the Shawanese, these last having
have produced some letters IJnd am- kille,d two of the Conestogoe Indians,
davits that would more fully explain that they seemed prepared for war,
the matter, but he hoped that what and that therefore his prese.ilce was
he had there would be sutf:cient to desired as necessary to settle those
make It clearly understood. It was difference, which might in end affect
a petition from those Palatines them- the peace of the Province. His Hon-
selves, directed to the late Governour
our
likewise said he had received a
Sir William Keith and the Council,
all wrote in the hand of Patrick petition signed \>y a great many of
B I d h th th Se et ry
the inhabitants in the back parts of
a r , w 0 was en e cr a
to the Governour and of the this country, setting forth that they
are under some apprehensions of
Council. and who it was that drew
it would appear by Its stile." being attacked by the Indians, that
many families have left their hablta-
1728-Captaln ChlUt)" of Conestoga tions through fear of them, and pray-
Sends a Letter to CounciL hig that proper measures might be
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec, p. 333, taken for their safety.
after the minutes of Council And therefore the Governour now
It is stated that, "The Governor moved to the Board that since It is
lald before the Board a letter he had of great importance to compllse those
received from Captain Civility, ac- differences speedily, which would
quainting him that several of the oblige him to take a journey to Con-
Delaware, Shawanese and Ganawese estogoe, it would be requisite that
Indians, were come to Conestogoe the Assembly should meet as BOon as
and had brought many skins with possible, which the Board from the
them for a present to the Go\'ernour; consideration of what the G .vernour
that they proposed to fulfill their had said readily agreed to, and the
promise of coming to Philadelphia 14th Currt. being proposed for the
this Fall, but the death of his, Civ- time of their meeting was approved,
llity's child had so much amicted it is therefore ORDERED thit wrltts
him that he conld not come with be forthwith issued for that purpose."
them, and therefore they had all re- 1728 _ The Shawanese HaTe Now
solved to defer their visit til next Started to MOTe.
Spring, at which time they would
surely come to the Governour at In Vol. 3 of the Col. Ree, p. 309,
Philadelphia.' ' it is stated that the Shawanese are
Digitized by Coogle
295 OF THE AND
now near Durham's Iron Works at they would not tell us, but said, they
PechoqueaUn. This place Is In Bucks or some of them were going out to
county, (See 3 Col. Rec., p. :t29) and Warr, and that there was some Can-
from this place the Shawanf'.e came i oys to go with them. But we hea.rlng
armed' and painted for war, but not the above report are apt to think that
In a large number and their they are going against the 9hawnys.
foolishness 400 people gathf'red to- It Is all our opinions that the Gov-
gether and two were killed, (See 3 E'rnour's presence pretty speedily Is
Col. Rec., p. 317). absolutely necessary at Conestogoe,
17!8-The CODestogas Now WaDt to to settle affairs among the Indians.
Go to War AgaiDst the Shawa. they seeming at present to be In a
Dese. distracted manner or condition, and
The Conestogas and Shawanese the hardness of the winter "weeping
now are growing to be enemies of away their corne, they 11'111 he obllg-
each other and this Is one of the ed to go a summer hunting sooner
causes which Induced the Shawanese than usual, that If the Governour
to leave for the West, as we shall see come not soon he will miss of them.
they did about this time. The sltua- If you please acquaint the G)vernour
tlon Is set forth by John Wi'lght of with the above contents, with my
Hempfield now Columbia, In a letter hearty sarvlss to him and kind love
to James Logan, found In Vol. 1 of to theyself and family from thy real
the Penna. ArChives, p. 213. The let- friend JNO. WRTI}HT."
ter is as follows: 1728-The Shawanese Now BeglD to
"Hempfield 2, 3 mo, 1728. ADDoy the Other IDdlaD 'frlbes.
My fd. James Logan: In Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives, p.
About three weeks I gave thee a 216, there Is a letter set forth from
few lines with an account of the In- James Le Tort, stating the action of
dians returned from Warr, since the Shawanese as follows:
which time there has happened (as Catawasse, May ye 12, 1728.
we are Informed) a murder to be We always thought that the GOver-
commltteed by two of the Shawny In- nour knew nothing of the fight be-
dlans, upon a man and a woman of tween the Shawaynos and the White
the Conestogoe Indians and they de- People. We desire the Governour to
mandlng two murderers to be glv- warn the back Inhabitants not to be
en up; the Shawanys sent them with so ready to attack the Indians, as WE'
some of their own people, who called are doubtful they were In that un-
at Per Shurtaes, and he giving them happy accident and we will use all
rum, eather by persuasion or their endeavors to hinder any such like
own Inclination let the murderers proceeding on the part of the Indians.
make their escape, which Cones- We remember very well the League
togoe Indians resent so highly, that between Wllliam Penn and the In-
(as It Is reported) they threaten to dians, which was, that the Indians and
white people were one, and hopes
cut off the whole nation of the Shaw- that his brother, the present Gover-
nys. Yesterday there came 17 or 18 nour, Is of the same mind, and that
of the young men commanded by Tll- the Friendship was to continue for
ehausey, all Conestogoe Indians, three Generations; and If the Indians
painted for the Warr all armed' we hurt the English it Is the same as if
. ' 'I they hurt themselves; as to the Gov-
enquired WhICh way they ware going I ernour's desire of meeting him, we
Digitized by Coogle
296
Intend as soon as the Chlefa of the structions as follows:
Naticmtl come meet Gov- MBssrs. IIENRY SMITH, ,fOHN
ernour, oclll COMe mith but OOOTY.
they come not before hereafter, we As business now calls you towards
wilt go to Philadelphia to watt on the Susquehannah, I desire you, without
Governour, We have heard that WIl- If yon Ban, to kckce my friends,
Peno'kc son hacc eome Phlla- Opekaccccccd, ShkcC:clCCkclaw-
ZLBlphia, wPlc:h we very of. lin, and Shakellamy, give my kind
JAMES LE TORT." love to them, as to my Brethren, and
1728--A Proof 'JI'zcat thcc %hzzwa- IBt them koow that deslgmcd about
Bese lBB'ched PBm13ylvanilizz time make nfslt to of
neigddorng ZXovernours, ii ac-
ter the Coming of
Penn.
cording to their promise they had
hither last month Lett
will c'ememjiirid that prior wait them am
we ccdopted thee, oew of ,'yng- c,omcerned ,cear nntdlng oT chem.
ham, who says the Shawanese came I hope, however, I shall now see
to Pennsylvania in 1678 and in 1698, them In a few days,
in Vol of tho lenna. Amchives, Lnqulre aleo aftnr tile Showonah,
t23 in messagc, Tc'cim tho Cnuncil ~ " C ans, If you see fhccOowa-
the Shawanese are reminded that. tchy, know of him, why his friends
"William Penn made a firm peace and left Pechoquelin, after they had pro-
loohue oi Fclendship mlth all In- me Durhcmc lron-
and the chain from to
time has been brightened. The
Shawanese were not then In this
Country; cama tong aftocwards
desiccid leave the Co ICflwgoe
Indians and William Penn to settle in
this Country. Leave was
II'fm ancj they promised
Liooceably, 'r'he lelz'fr then
that the Gbvernour is now
set out for a treaty. One
the Shawcmc,tle ad rdt that
granted
live
forth
mcc'y fooILsh snd if had been,
killing which ic ahove referred to
would not have happened.
It is further stated at p. 228 of the
bonn tilat the Shawanec,,'
as as cctnmgers rbout thlc
ago.
1728 - Governour Gordon Places
Q0uardicmcc Over Shawcmcecse.
In VoL of th ,u,cnna. AnclCres, p.
228 It is found necessary to give
Henry Smith and .John Petty powder
hold Indiccne somccwhat In
cc eck the hmconehanclc'c cuver.
Govemour givBs them thdr In-
an
as one
see we
amo'cbcct our-
solves, wlthcmt aer di1ferenee, we
are one people, and they must in all
respects treat us with the Frlend-
Trut.h and that use
them. all eeped this them
as our Brethren.
Tell ShalkalJamy particularly, that
as he is set over thec ShawccneP In-
he give eood aeccouclt of
thc'll (fame us cely as
strangers, about 30 years agoe, they
desired leave of this Government to
ccccttle us stran,eccc'cc, and
Cone13Louoe Inbfccm; beccecttce se-
curity for their behavior. They are
also under the protection of the Five
Nations, who have sett Shaka1lamy
thenc IKe is llnod man and I
wilt nive a ac,cc ,mC of
them.
Digiti Go e
297 ANNALB OF THE SUSQUEHA!IlNOCKS AND
Give my kind love also to Carun-
downa and his Wife, a'nd sIJeak to
them to the same purpose. Lett him
know I expect of him, that as he is
a great Captain. he will take care
that all the peOI)le about hinl shall
shew themselves good men true
hearted, as he is himself. and that I
hope to see him at the Treaty. Tell
him Jonah Davenport never com-
plained of him. and therefore there
was no occasion for his letter on that
head.
If you can by any means Dleet with
them. whether at Conestoga or else-
where, I desire you to present them
with this Belt of Wampum from me,
and tell them that I desire earnestly
to speak with them about some busi-
ness that may concern them.
Therefore, if they will coma to me
at Phllladelphia, they shall be satis-
fied, and I hope wlIl be pleased with
their Journey.
This being a matter of importance
at this time, I request your Friend-
ship herein. and desire that you
would come along with them, as you
are our brother on whom we very
much depend."
ti2S-The Goyerllor Sends Illstraet
Ions to Wright alld BIBDlltoD., A.t
If there be any mischief . done in
those parts. I expect they will seize
the persons who are guilty of it, that
they be punished and Justice
may be done on every side, for our
people are very numerous and they
wlIl not be abused. I wil not suffer
any Injury to be done to the Indians Conestoga
without punishing the offenders, and I In Vol. 1 of the Penna.
they must do the same JUitice on P 229, the following instructions were
their parts, for then we shall truly II sent by Governor Gordon to John
be as one People. Wright and Samuel Blumston, two
These are my words, which I send I Justices of the Peace on the Susque-
thus written, sealed with a Publick hanna River:-
seal and signed under my hand, to "Philadelphia, 2nd September, 1728.
which my friends will give full cre- John Wright .I\: Samuel Blunston,
dlt. Dated at PhlIadelphia, the first RESPECTED FRIENDS
day of September, Anno Dom, 1728." Much contrary to our expectations,
1728-The Goyernor SeDds Word &0 we find there are still some Commo-
Captain ClylUty at COllestop. tions amongst the Indians, that re-
quire to be looked into, and we are
now apprehensive that the Story we
first had in the Spring of the Tweek-
twese or naked Indians or Miamis
(for they go by all these names, who
llve to the Southwest of I.o.ke Erie
G 0 r don after his Conestoga
arrangement left certain work to be
performed by Captain Civility, to
whom he sends a letter dated Sept.
2, 1728, found in Vol. 1 of the Penna.
Archives, p 329, which is as follows:
"My very good friend Captain Clvil- being invited to attack this Country,
tty: is not altogether without a fOl!ndation,
When I left ConesstQga I was in very few of our Indians have been
hopes of seeing you before this time, privy of it, if there be anything in it,
but I suppose you waited for the one Manawkyhickon, a near relation
chiefs of the Five Nations. I of Oquaala's who was hanlfed last
I year in Jersey with one Coll;1pnyone
I hear some of these have, been at: of the Five Nations, but Fl'ench by
Conestoga since I was there, and that: birth, who both llve near Shamokin
they were gone down to Maryland. I or Susquehannah, are the Chiefs who
Digitized by Coogle
have been laboring mischief. Our stiff, then it Is desired that they may
Lennappys or Delaware Indians be told as follows.
knew nothing of It. The Shawanese That from the first settlement of
we know are ready for any Mischief. ,this especially of late years,
How far the Five Nations are privy there has been always a firm frlend-
to It we can not judge. But the Gov- ship between us and the Five Nations.
ernour and Council who met yester- They may remember a firm League
day upon it, are of opinion that It Is was made with their Chiefs at Cones-
of very great Importance to us to togoe 18 years agoe, and again with
have an opportunity of speaking with Ghesaont 7 years agoe at the same
those Chiefs that were lately at Con- place, and again at Albany the next
estogoe, if they are not yet returned, year or 1722, between all theh Chiefs
for which purpose this with the en- and our Governour with divers of our
closed Is now sent Exrpress that If Council, who went thither to meet
possible they may be prevailed on to them, and that at all these times, es-
step hither. pecially the last, the Chain or League
You are therefore requested (If I of Friendship that had formerly
Wright can travel so far) to give been made with them was brIghtened
Civility the enclosed letter to him, eX-I and made as strong as It was pos-
plalning it in the best manner it can sible to be, made by Man. The same
be done, delivering him also the Belt also was done in some measures last
of Wampum for the Chiefs, though It year with some of the Cayoogoea
Is desired, when he speaks to them, though that is not the nation we
if they are to be mett with that you have generally treated with. The On-
or some of you could be present. It ondagoes having commonly been the
were to be wished he were more to people that have been sent to us,
be depended on, he can not lIut think and therefore we wondered that but
himself but under some obligations nine of the Cayoogoes came at that
since the last treaty, but these work time to visit us. That If they have
not on some dispositions. He Is the anything to say to us on any account
best however that at present Is to be whatsoever, we should be glad to
mett with to undert8.ke It, and we hear it from some of their Chiefs,
must endeavor to make the best of and they may be aasured they shall
him. meet with their true Friends and
If those Chiefs are not come back Brethren in us.
to Conestogoe, they should be care- But on the subject of the Cayoo-
fully waited on and enquired after. goes, Caution should be used that
Or if they are anywhere on the Riv- these people who are come thither
. er, and not far above Pextan, they are principally of that Natlon, and
should be brought back If poseible. therefore their Nation should be first
And if they can not be prevailed on enquired into, and no distinctions be
to come to Philadelphia, the" may It used that can give any offence. They
Is possible be perswaded to stay at account the Onondagoes their best
Conestogoe a few days" for to walt Gentlemen, though not numerous.
for one who may come up to them Then if be room for It, they
,from hence. If they should not even might be asked, whether ever they
agree to this as we know they ac- heard that any of the French Indians
count themselves great men and are were encouraged to attack this Coun-
Digitized by Coogle
try, upon which they may be told, Indians, and they must if possible be
that this has ever been a peaceable talked over with these Chiefs. Phila-
country. and that by being perfectly delphia would be the best place, but if
just to the Indians and all men, by not here, then there, by such as may
making them as one People with us, go from hence, or by any others that
and doing them all the Justice In can do it.
every case that we deal to one an- If I. Wright's health will not suf-
other, we laid a firm foundation for fer him to travel so far, for which I
Peace, that we would have Peace with should on other accounts be extreme-
all men, but If any shall be so un- Iy troubled, It is hoped I Bluns-
reasonable as without any provoca- ton with Adam Cornish may manage
tion to attack us, we are now a very this atrelr, and it might be advisable
great people and very numerous, and that Eliz'r Cornish, who speaks the
do not want means to defend our- language should privately between
selves by force, but like good men we themselves ente.r Into as close a dls-
would choose to be defended .rath- conrse as possible with Clvillty
er by our Justice and Upright deal- about what news he hears or what
Ings than by arms, for we believe he knows.
mankind was made to. serve God and This atralr wlll give you some
for a much nobler end than to be trouble, but it is equally every man's
knocked on the Head. concern in the Government who has
They may be told also, that they anything in It that he values. If any
know very well the French are al- charge accrue it must be born by the
ways contriving mischief ag9.lnst the Publick. We hear by an Indian that at
EngUsh to trouble them, and spare no Shamokin they have hanged cne T!m-
lies, no false stories and endeavors othy Higgins, a servant to Henry
to seduce and deceive the Indians. Smith, an Indian trader, but we hope
But were it in the power of the It is not true. Said Smith and .John
French and Indians that join them as Petty are gone up today to know how
it is not at all in their power to de- matters are In those parts.
story the English, then the Five Na- The substance of this you will easi-
tions having none else to deI-end on ly see is to be managed with as little
but the French would be entirely noise as possible, that no alarm may
ruined, they can not supply goods as be given without a real occasion. We
the EngUsh can, and when they get hope there will be none, for on Indian
the Upperhand and have nothing to I Stories there Is very Uttle dependence,
fear they are proud and cruel mas- but prudence will advise to precau-
ters. The Indians would then be tion wherever It can be used.
slaves, they have therefore the strong- Pray dispatch the Messenger as
est reasons In policy and on their soon as possible with a letLer to ye
own account, to be hearty friends Governour, from whom this should
and adhere closely to the English in- have come, but time would not so
terest. It is their own Interest and
that wlll not deceive them'. well allow it".
These things ought on all occasions 11728- Captain Cfvfllty's Message To
to be inculcated In the way of conver-I
sation, but with a seeming careless- The Governor
ness, as it were ridlcullng the follies In Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives, p
of those who have any favorable oPln-1233, Captain C1vlllty sends the follow-
ion of the French as Friends to the ing letter to Governor Gordon:-
Digitized by Coogle
,.n Hki2R LANCA.kiAAA CO UNAki TkiHAN
"!ion arable Gouvner:- uncapable att this time to answer ye
When you was hear in the spring words of myoid good friend Wm.
had a together wee Penn I send of my
doune PkiHa- withc,nt nnnsuittatiem any, for
c+-, r,hia in two months; %lIter Eye2f full of ye salis)
that time, but wee of Conastogoe hav- my child. Here are severall Shawa-
ing sent so sevarell of the Indians ners and Conoys come, ye rest wee
that live a great way of, who are now expect every hour, so that wee have
eeming te' and had Cuuncell ac and wheeh er
Couvner, the thee come to phi ahelphia oe
P ',annays, and Dcleneres I cme tell as
have brought a greatt maney skins to My trouble is so greatt at this time
Conastogoe in order to present the thatt itt so putts all other thoughtts
Gouverner, but Captain Clvl1llty hath of my mind thatt I do nothing
nwn child con not
troubleel to my fricneis,
esrsfore the ,"riC eeeto.'wes. othee rleee would hEr'S down
Shawnays and Conoys, deslgnes to my friend Edmund Cartlidge:
stay till next Spring, and then they When my grlelf and sorrow is a
will come to see and treat with the little over and we have had (.ur Coun-
att ph 11a(ielphia. cell 110U shall fron- us
C,sPTIN SHCELY Y'Y, X hiee doe C'Ceme myeel:e. In the
C(Blclc15togoe, 1st. tim15 your gomlF'rend,
William Chetwode at Wm. Murrays, CIVILITY."
To the Honorable Patrick Gordon, 1728-Sbawanese Leave I.ancaster
Esqr.. Governour of Pennsylvania.
Couptie
Ciessage Governnlltnt,
In the same book and page last
mentioned Captain Civility, who is
now very much trusted ,and relied up-
a leading fthure at Cnaeetnga
the Connrtoga Inhl)H))c llnd
Susquoi1onllock
lelooY' in him, this letto)' Cov-
ernor Gordon and the Council.
"My Brethren:
The late death of my Child Causes
much TrouT}I} sorrow att
time It I'll other
zIf my mInie. Dnvertheleee,
remember and retain the Governour's
late good speeches to us here att
Conestogoe, and am very glad thatt I
In of the Archiv)))),
329 we have before
Shawanese in 1723 were told to leave
Lancaster County and about three
years later they were frightened by
the abo ,t fheir
abog after the DE:lawntet
comm))u )) )) to them.
about the same time 1727 as we have
already seen they got Into a foolish
fight with the Conestogas anll others
and )'e))ult of it. that 1hey
Lane)a))T.e)' County. were
in they the mes;zahe
which the Chiefs gave and the rea-
sons for leaving are set forth In the
book and at the page last mentioned.
hefn'" tfLe wordeHm- as
'enn; bge I said my "Thr (:heifl's of
and ro overpUlllerS mee The Ey) )eY)rable Gr
I am SOZ'z'h iieatt itt mf,h,',)) mee sylve ry,.

lour of Pr,nn,
Wee receive your message by our
friend Edmund Cartlldge, and take
Itt. very kindly and return you thanks
for ye dram given us, and wee hereby
acqualntt the Govern'r of thl.l reason
thatt wee are come to settle here att
Ohloh.
The Delaware Indians some time
agoe bid us departt for they was dry
and wanted to drink ye land away,
whereupon we told them since some
of you are gone. to Ohloh, we wfll go
there also, we hope you wfll not
drink that away too.
And Whereas the Governour de-
sires to see some of us at Philadel-
phia we shall answer his requestt for
some of our Chieifs, wUl come this
Summer and pay him a visitt, but
how many of us and exactt the time
wee know nott as yett, butt when wee
About nine years agoe the 5 Nations
told us att Shallyschohklng, wee did
not doe well to setie there, for there
was a greatt Noise in th) greatt
house and thatt In three years time,
all should know whatt they had to
as far as there was any settle-
ments or the Sun Sett. are gott so far as Peter Charterles,
About ye Expiration of three years I wee shall word how many of us
dore S'd, the 6 nations came and there Is and when wee shall bee there
said our land Is going to be taken and bring our friends ye ConE>stogoes
from us. Come brothers assist us lett allong with us In the mean time, we
fall upon and fight with the English, remain your friends and Brethren.
wee answered them no, wee came I Presentt: NOOCHICKONER,
here for peace and have leave to set- James Letort. his X mark.
tie here, and we are In League with Interpreter. PAWQUAWISE.
them and can not break Itt. Peter Chartfre. his X mark.
About a year after they, ye 6 na- his X mark UPPOCKEATY,
tions, Told the Delawares and us, his X mark.
since you have nott harkened to us QUEEQUEEPTOO,
nor regarded whatt we have said, now his X mark
wee will put pettycoatts on you, and Taken down by mee,'
look upon you as women for the fu- EDM'D. CARTLIDGE
ture and nott as men. Therefore, you To The Honourable Governour of
Shawanese Look back towards Ohioh, Pensilvanla, These with Care and
the place from whence you came, and Speed.
return thitherward, for now wee shall June ye 7th, 1732 or there abouta."
take pity on the English and lett This leaving of the Shawanese is
them have all this Land. also referred to and explained in
And further Said since you are Vol. 16 of Haz. Reg., p. 82.
become women lIe take Peahohque-
1I0man, and put Itt on Meheahoam- Prepares For the Coo-
ing and lIe Take Meheahoamlng and estop Treaty
In Vol. 3 of the Votes of the As-
putt itt on Ohloh, and Ohioh lIe putt
on Woabach, and thatt shall bee the
Warriours road for the future. sembly, p. 60 Gordon tells the As-
One reason of our leaving our for- sembly that he has arranged to meet
mer settlements and comeing here is the Conestoga Indians in May and al-
severall negro slaves used to run so all the other Indians in that sec-
away and come amongst us and wee tfon. Upon his return the Assembly
thought the English would blame us want a copy of the treaty and they
for Itt. I are not satisfied with the Governour
Digitized by Coogle
simply returning the treaty hut they
want to examine It themselves, (See
3 Votes of the Assembly. p. &2). This
request of the Assembly grew out of
the fact that the presents the Gov-
ernor made at the treaty amounted
to 147 pounds and this sum was very
large. and for that reason the As-
sembly want to inspect the Treaty
carefully.
1728-Letort Sends Word Tbat the
Five Nations are About to .Join
the French
In Vol. 3 of the. Col. Rec . p. 295 It
is set forth that James Letort from
the Susquehanna. came to Philadel-
phia and reported that the Five Na-
tions and all the Indians under them
were {lbout to leave the English and
join the French.
li28-The Conestoga Indians Oft Oil
Their Hunt.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec . p. 297
. at a Council held the 18th of April.
1728. the habit of the Conestoga In-
dians In going away to hunt Is stat-
ed. It Is set forth by the Governor
that he would be ready to undertake
a journey to Conestoga whenever he
can be Informed by John Wright that
the Indians have retured from hunt-
Ing; and that he understood that
there were scarcely any Indians at
present about Conestoga. and as soon
as It was practicable nothinlS" would
be wanting to establish a good under-
standing with them. .
1728-A Hessage Sent to the Cones-
togas To Qet Bead, for a
Treat)".
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec . p. 306.
James Logan reports to the Council
on May 15. that pursuant to their or-
der a message was sent to Cones-
toga to convene the Indians to the
ensuing treaty and that the Messeng-
er was now returned and brought
word that the Indians were meeting
at Conestoga and expected the Gover-
nor In nine or ten days
1728-The 6eods For the Presents
at the; Conestoga Treat)"
are Ordered.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec . p. 308,
the Council entered upon considera-
tion of the proper presents to be
made to the Indians and ordered that
the provincial Treasurer should pro-
vide and send up to Conestoga at
the flrst opportunlty 25 Strowd
Matchcoats, twenty blankets, twenty
duffels. twenty-flve shirts, one hun-
dred wt. gunpowder. two hundred
wt. of lead. flve hundred flints and
flfty knives. with rum. bread, pipes,
and tobacco. together with such pro-
visions as may be necessary for the
Governor and His Company.
1728-6evernor 6erdon Gees to the
Great Treatr at Conestoga.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 309.'
It Is stated in a memorandum that,
"Pursuant to an appOintment with
the Indians at Conestogoe. the Gov-
ernour attended with some members
of Council. and divers other gentle-
men. to the number of abouL thirty.
who voluntarily offered their ('omapny
thither. sett out from PhUadelphla
on the 22nd of May. and on the 23rd
In the evenhig came to the House of
Mr. Andrew Cornish. about a mile
distant from the Indian Town. The
24th ad 25th days were spent In
waiting for some other persons ex-
pected at the treaty and In mutual
civlIltles. and on the 26th the .Treaty
began as follows:
At a Council held at the Indian
Town on Conestogoe. May 26th, 1728,
Digitized by Coogle
PRESENT: his children, and continued in this
The Honorable PATRICK GORDON, kind love for them until his death.
Esqr., Lieut. Govr. His sons have now sent me over in
Some members of Councll and divers their stead, and they gave me strict
charge to love all the Indians as their
other Gentlemen.
PRESENT ALSO:
Brethren, and as their father William
Penn loved you. I would have seen
Ganytataronga, Tawenna, Tamiatch- you before this time, but I fell sick
iaro, Taquatarensaly, alias Capt. soon after I came over, and con-
Civlllty-Chiefs of the Conestogoe thiued so till next Spring. I then
Indians.
Oholykon, Peyeashickon, Wikimiky- ,waited to receive some of the Five
ona-Chiefs of some of the Dela- Nations who came to see me at
ware Indians on Brandywine. Philadelphia, and last fall I heard
Howickyoma, Skayanannego, Onney- you were all gone out a hunting.
gheat, Nanamakamen, Peyhiohinas, I am now come to see you, and to
-Chiefs of the Shawanese Indians. renew the ancient Friendshill which
We y s 0 w-w a low, Keyseyltakalow,
Nichtamskakow _ Chiefs of the has been between William Penn's
Shawanese. people ad you. I was in hopes that
Shakawtawlin or Sam, Interpreter Sassoonan and Opekuset, with their
from the English into the Delaware. people, would have been likewise
Captain Civlllty, Interpreter from here, they have sent me kind mes-
the Delaware into the Shawanese sages and have a warm love for the
and Mingoe (alias Conestogoe). Christians. I believe they will come
Pomapechtoa, Interpreter from the to me at Philadelphia, for since they
Dalaware into the' Ganawese Lan-
guage. could not get thither I have desired
Mr. Nicholas Scull, Mr. John them to meet me there.
Scull, and Peter Bizallion, ,\ssistant I am now to discourse with my
Interpreters. Brethren, the Conestogoes, Delawares
The Governour spoke as follows: Ganawese and Shawanese Indians
My Friends and Brethren: You are upon Susquehannah, and to &peak in
sensible that the Great William Penn love to them.
the Father of this Countrey', when he My Brethren:
first brought his people with him over You have been fa.tthful to your
the broad Sea, took all the Indians Leagues with us, your Hearts have
and the old Inhabitants by the hand, been clean, and you have preserved
and because he found them to be a the Chain from Spotts or Rust, or if
sincere, hOilest people, he took them there were any you have been careful
to his heart and loved them as his to wipe them away; your Leagues
own. He then made a strong League with your Father William Penn and
and chain of Friendship with them, with his Governours are in writing
by which it was agreed that the In- on Record, that our children and our
dians and the English, with all the children's children may have them in
Christians, should be as one people everlasting remembrance. And we
Your friend and Father William know that you preserve the memory
Penn still retained a warm a1rectlon of those things amongst you by tell-
l
ing them to your children, and they
for all the Indians, and strictly com- again in the next generation, so that
maded those whom he sent to govern they remained stamped on your minds
this people to treat the Indians as never to be forgott.
Digitized by Coogle
The Chief Heads or Strongest I Satisfaction is made, the Injury or
Links of this Chain I find are these Wrong should be forgott and be bur-
nine, viz: ied as in a bottomless Pitt.
1st. That all William Penn's 8th.That the Indians should in all
people or Christians, and all the In- things assist the Christians, and the
dians should be Brethren, as the Christians assist the Indian against
children of one Father, joined to- all wicked People that would disturb
gether as with one Heart, one Head them.
and one Body. 9th. And lastly, that both Chris-
2nd. That all Paths should be open Uans and Indians should acquaint
and free to both Christians and In- their Children with this League and
dians. firm Chain of Friendship made be-
3d. That the Doors of the Chris- tween them, and that it should al-
tian House should be open to the
Indians and the Houses of the In-
dians open to the Christians, and
they should make each other wel-
come as their friends.
4th. That the Christians should not
ways be made stronger and stronger
and be kept bright and clean, with-
out Rust or Spott between our Chil-
dren and Children's children, while
the Creeks and Rivers run, and while
the Sun, Moon and Stars endure.
believe any false rumors or Reports And for a confirmation on our
of the Indians, nor the Indians be- Parts of all these Several Articles,we
Heve any such Rumors or Reports bind them with these several parcels
of the Christians, but should first of goods, viz:
come as brethren to enquire of each I 20 Strowd Matchcoats, 20 Duffells,
other; and that both Christians and 20 Blanketts, 20 Shirts, 1 Cwt. of
Indians, when they hear any such I Gunpowder, 2 Cwt. of Lead, 600
false reports of their Brethren, they Flints, 60 Knives.
should bury them as in a bottomless After which the Governour proceed-
5th. That if the Christians hear My Brethren:
Pitt. I ed and said,
.any ill news that may be to the Hurt I have now spoke to you on the
of the Indians, or the Indians hear League and Chain, of Friendship,
any such ill news that may be an in- first made by your Father William
jury to the Christians, they shall Penn with your Fathers, which is'
acquaint each other with it speedily I confirmed. I am now to acquaint
as true friends and Brethren. I you with an unhappy accident that
6th. That the Indians should do I has amicted me and all good people
no manner of Harm to the ChristianE! 'amongst us, and we lament and
nor their creatures, nor the Chris- mQurn with you on the heavy misfor-
tians do any hurt to any Indians, but tne.
each treat the other as their Breth- About forty days agoe we heard
reno that the Twechtweys were coming as
7th. But as there are wicket People Enemies against this Countrey. I be-
in all Nations, if either Indians or lieve it is false, for we never hurt
Christians should do any harm to the Twechtweys; and about eighteen
each other, Complaint should be days since I received an Express
made of it by the Persons suffering from the Ironworks at Mahanatawny,
that Right may be done, and when acquainting me that eleven foreign
Digitized by Coogle
Indians, painted for Wa.r, and armed this misfortune, and will do all I
with Guns, Plstoles and Swords,were can to comfort the relations of the
come amongst our Inhabitants, plun- Dead when I see them, which I hope
dering them and taking away their wllll be at Philadelphia with Sasso-
provisions by force, whereupon some onan and OpekaBBet.
of our People, to the number of About eight months agoe t recelv-
twenty men" with arms, went to speak ed an account that Ul Englishman
to them Civilly but the Indla.ns fired was killed by some Indians, at the
upon them and wounded some of House of John Burt, in Snaketown, I
them; our men likewise fired on the heard John Burt was very abusive
Indians and wounded some of them to the Indians, and I sent to appre-
also, but the Indians fired first. It hend him, but he fled; If he can be
was very ill done to fire. taken he will be punished. But
As soon as I had this Account I since there WII8 a Man killed, we
took horse and went to Mahatawny expect the Indians will doe us Jus-
with several gentlemen of Philadel- tice by apprehending the Murtherera
;>hla, but the India.ns were gone off. that they may be punished, for we
I found our people believed there must be just and faithful to each
were more coming, and therefore other, that this spot may ba wiped
some hundred mett together with away and the Chain be kept bright
their Arms to defend them88lves in and' clean.
case the Indians should attack them. You know, my Brethren, that one
.As I was returning homfl I heard Link of the Chain Is, that when the
news that grieved me exceedingly. I Indians are uneasy they should tell
was told that two or three furious It to us, ad when we are uneasy we
men amongst us had killed three or will tell It to them. I therefore de-
four Indians, who we!"A friends and sire your hearts, may be open, that
hurt two girls. I went b8iCk mourn- I may know if you have any cause
ing and sent out men to take the of Grief which I will endeavou.r to
Murderers, who were accordingly remove, for I am your Brother.
taken, and they are now in Irons and I have Issued a proclamation re-
Dungeon to be tried by the laws of quirlng all our People to use you
the Great King of the Engll&h, as If well which shall be read unto you
they had killed so many of his own before I goe away, I will prevent any
Subjects. I have likewise caused Hurt being done to our Friends the
search to be made for the dead Indians, because those who do not
bodies, and two women were found behave themeslves agreeable to what
murdered, who by my order were is therein commanded, will be severe-
laid in a grave and covered with ly punished.
Shirts and Strowds. I hear likewise At a' Council held at the Indian Town
that the dead body of an Indian man at Conestogoe, May 27th, ] 728
has been found and Is burled. PRESENT:
You know there awe wicked people The Honorable PATRICK GOR-
among all Nations; there are III DO, Esqr., Lieut. Governor.
People amongst you a,nd you are And the same as' before '
sometimes forced to put them to .
death. The English are 11 Great I TAWENNA in the name and on the
People, and there are likewise wlck- behalf of all the Indians present
ed men amongst them. I mourn for spoek to the Governour, which was
Digitized by Coogle
rendered into English by John Scull,
Interpreter, and is as follows:
Give ear my Brethren of Philadel-
phia, the Conestogoe Indians, the
Shawanese, the Ganawese and Dela-
ware have somewhat to say, which.
they will speak presently.
They say they look upon the Gov-
ernour as If William Penn himself
were present. They are four Nations
and among them there are several
follish people, as if they were just
sprung from the earth; but that since
their first Friendship with William
Penn, they never have received any
wrong or injury from him or any of
his People.
That several foolish people among
them committed follies and indiscre-
since the time that the Great William
Penn was amongst them. that all was
good and that nothing was amiss.
Then presenting four Strings of
Wampum. they say: they will visit
the G'Overnour at Philadelphia after
the harvest is over and then they
will speak fully to him as their
Brother and Friend. for the Cones-
togoes Delawares, Shawanese and
Ganawese will then come to him.
and he may look up the Conestogoe
road and expect them; that what
happened at John Burt's house was
not done by them. it was done by one
of the Menysincks. who are of an-
other Nation. and therefore they can
say nothing to it.
After the Answer of the Indians
tions. but they hope these will never some of the Gentlemen present mov-
interrupt the Friendship whIch is beed the Governour. that seeing now
tween their People and us, for that therjl wa-s a numerous Company of
they and William Penn's people are our inhabitants mett together. he
as one People. that cat. as it were. would be pleased to press the In-
with one mouth and are one body dians to declare to him if they suf-
and one Heart. fered any Grievance or Hardship -
Then presenting a belt of Wam- from this Government. because sev-
pum of eight rows. they say: That eral reports had been Industriously
would not have the Gavernour spread abroad as if they had some
grieve too much the rash lnconsid- just cause of Complaint. .And the
erate actions of late have been com- G'Overnour having ordered the Inter-
mitted; they must be burled and for- preters to acquaint them herewith;
gott. for that what has happened was they all answered; that they had no
done by their Friends. if it had been cause of complaint. that William
done by their enemies they would Penn and his people had still treated
have resented it. but that we and them well. and they had no uneasi-
they are one; that they have always ness.
mett with Justice and kindness from The Governour then told them that
William Penn. and from the Gover- he was well pleased with what they
nours whom he has sent here. and had said unto him. and that since
thus do all the -Indians of Cones- the Indian. who killed the English-
togoe. Delaware. the Shawanese and man at Burt's house Is not of their
Ganawese say. 'nation. he would demand Justice
That they are extremely glad and from the Nation to which he belong-
satisfied wIth what the Governour ed.
said to them yesterday, it greatly re- The Proclamation was then Inter-
joiced their Hearts. that they have preted unto them. which pleased
had no such speech made to them them very much.
Digitized by Coogle
307
Then the Governour having ordered to them himself. His honor was met
some Rum, Bread, Tobacco and some miles from this City by Richard
Pipes to be deUvered to them, and Hlll and divers gentlemen and wel-
llkewise one Strowd Matchcoat and comed back with a handsome co11a-
one Shirt to Clv1l1ty' one Strowd tion in the woods: at the City
Matchcoat and Shirt to ShawatawUn, bounds his Honor was received in a
or Sam, and one Shirt to Pompa- very genteel manner by Thomas
pechtya, the three Interpreters; he Lawrence, Esq., our Mayor and a
took all the Indian Chiefs by the very great number of gentlemen, as
hand, and desired them when well as strangers as city inhabitants,
they returned home they should ac- who with several ladies with coaches
quaint all their People with what had accompanied his Honor to his house:
now passed between them and us, it Is reckoned the cavalcade consist-
and that the Remembrance thereof ed of near 200 people, which is a far
greater number than has ever been
li28 _ PhiladelphIa's Reception to known to meet together on such an
an occasion at any time before in this
Province.
might endure forever."
GOTernor Gordon on His Re-
turn from the Great
We are told that the Country
Conestoga Treaty people in and about Conestoga were
It is evident that the Province of so highly satisfied with the Governor
Pennsylvania was in a considerably in every part of his conduct that
excited condition .at this time, be- notwithstanding the occa-
cause of the troubles whch the sioned by the late hard winter they
Shawanese were making an.! other brought in of their own good will,
Indian dissatisfactions arising about large quantities of provisions of all
Conestogoe and in the neighl>orhood II sorts and would take no pay for them.
of Tulpyhocken. The Treaty was About 250 men on horseback accom-
therefore a great event and upon the panied his Honor to the Indian town
Governor's return to Phiiaedlphia,l when the treaty was held and great
the people gave him a hearty wel- numbers flocked in from all parts to
come. pay their compllments to him, sa it
The American Weekly Mercury in was said there was never seen'
its issue of May 30, 1728, gives this amongst the inhabitants a greater
account of the Governor's
and reception. as follows:
return harmony and a more cheerful readi-
ness to assist with what was in their
"Yesterday the Hon. Patrick Gor- power, than appeared on this occa-
sion, which is cheerfully owing to
the allable, courteous behavior of the
Governor."
This is a glowing tribute to the
Governor and we can imagine the
strange scene the old Indian town 01'.
don, Esqr., our Governor returned
from Conestoga, having finished the
treaty wtlh the Indians in those
parts to the entire satisfaction of all
that were present. This timely and
prudent management of the Gover-
nor's has made everything quiet and Conestoga, with its few scores of
easy and the Indians were so pleased white man's primitive buildings ap-
that they said they never had such a pearing here and there in the woods.
satisfacttl1"J" speech made to them From this article several hundred
since the great William Penn spoke I people must have been present and
Digitized by Coogle
consld,ering the primitive state of I about Brandywine. The C h i e ~ s with
Pennsylvania at that time, it was as others of the Delawares are now
big an event as when several thou- here at the Governor's request. You
sand gather togethel' in these days. will find by the treaty that there
A llttle contemplation of the primi- never was a more amicable, open
tive scene between the Conestoga and hearty freedom between us than
and Susquehanna, in what is now at this time, which appeared as well
Manor township, not far from the in their countenances and behavior
town of Rock Hill, ought to give one as in words.
a great deal of quiet pleasure. This is noted to you. That as you
1728--'I'he Dsturbed Condition of the are dispersed in several parts of the
country, you may as occasion offers
Indians of the Susque-
in all conversations endehvor to
hanna RiTflr. quiet the minds of the people and
There was such uproar through persuade them, for the future not to
the Indain sections of Pennsylvania hearken to, much less assist In
at this time and a feeling that dan- spreading lies and ridiculous tales-
ger and slaughter were about to and we heartlly wish it may not
happen, that on the 3rd of June just hereafter be observed, that the In-
a week after the Governor's return, dians are more calm and prudent'
at a Court of Quarter Sessions held than some of our people.
that day, a charge was delivered They li:l their Councils have a dis-
from the Bench to the Grand Jury, creet and just way of thinking, and
of which the following is thu close: although they can not but be touched
"G'entlemen: I with grief, as is every honest man
You with all other inhabitants among us, at such as the late un-
have observed the emotion and happy accidents yet they wisely
unreasonable panic which lately pos- make all give way to the strict
sessed great numbers of the People, League and friendship which hath
It is true something has happened from our first settlement ilubsisted
which raised the notice and concern between tbe Christians anti them,
not only of the Government but of and impute crimes to madnefis, folly
every good man; but it is really and wickedness of the actors.
surprising to hear of the many, idle We shall close with the reasonable
groundless and lying stories which hope or assurance that if we do not
have been bruited and thrown out to provoke the Almighty God by our
alarm and isturb the people, some forgetfulness of him and by our in-
of which may have risen from ignor- numerable animosities and folUes to
ance and fear; but we wish it were scourge us that way, there appears
less obvious that much more have no danger from the Indians.
proceeded from a wicked design We entreat you therefore to excite
against the Peace and safety of the all the people to use them well and
Country; we need not be more partic- to give no offence as the Governor
ular but hope every true man will in by his late proclamation has admon-
his mind, mark such incendiaries. ished and commanded; and let not
You will see published the Gover- that be done indiscreetly-either by
nor's treaty with the Indians on Sus- tippling with them, foolish talking
quehanna and some of the Delawares lor asking childish and impertinent
Digitized by Coogle
309 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKB AND
questions, expressing, a ridiculous
bravery on one hand or foolish fears
on the other; but let it be with all
manliness, gravity and sobriety as
well as strict justice; this will honor
our profession as ChrlstIans, and
draw their regard and love 10 us as
Englishmen."
This may be seen In the American
Weekly Mercury in the Issue of June
6, 1728.
"May ye 12th, 1728.
Friend James Logan:
This Morning the Messenger
brought the Letter to Neighbor
Wright, who beiIig very ill with a
Rheumatic pain In his thigh, desired
me to call on the Indians (In my way
to Pequea, where I was going), and
deliver thy message, which I have ac-
cordingly done, and they say they
will send a Messenger to Peshtank
1728-Two Chiefs Who Were at Con- tomorrow, but Shamaken Is too far,
e8top Treaty Come to and they have not provision in their
Philadelphia. Town to entertain em. But t h ~ Shaw-
In the issue of June 6, 1728 of the
American Weekly Mercury It Is
stated that two chiefs, who were at
the Conestoga treaty came to Phila-
delphia and a treaty was made with
them, which pleased them very much.
li28-The Fha Nation Chiefs at
Conestoga.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 330, It
Is stated that the Chiefs of the Five
Nations are now at Conestoga and
have great power over all the In-
dians; that the Five Nations have ab-
solute authority over all the Indians
and have them do whatever they
choose.
1728-A Great Number of the I'he
Nations and Some other Indians
wm Come to Philadelphia
In the Spring.
is set forth that a great number of
representatives of the Five Nations
and some other Indians are coming
to Philadelphia in the Spring to treat
with the Governor and the Council.
1728-Samuel Blunston Sends a Let-
ter to the Governor About In-
dian Di80rders.
In Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives,
p. 216, a letter of Samuel Blunston
is set forth as follows:
anas and Canawas, with all of them
who are at home, will expect the
Governour in their Town, in nine or
ten days: here Is an old Indian re-
turned from the Five Nations, says
some of their Chiefs are coming to
Philadelphia In about three weeks to
renew the alience, that they are of
Opinion the Indians who were at
Manahalany have been put on by the
French to Stir up mischief. Last
week eight of this town, the King
one of them, went out to War, the
rest are home. Provision is very
scarce this way; there are so many
wagons going down this week that it
Is needless to engage any, for you
may have your choice. I do hope this
skirmish will not come to an open
rupture for we borderers are in the
most danger. I am with respect to
self and wife, Thy Friend,
SA. BLUNSTON."
1729--The County of Lanea8ter
Organized.
In order that we may keep our
bearings on the time of the happen-
ing of the events we are speaking
about, I make note here that in the
Spring of 1729 Lancaster County was
Organized and created out of a Part
of .Chester County.
Digitized by Coogle
1729-Conestoga Indians Again In
Philadelphia at a Treaty.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 361, it
is set forth that at a. Council held
May 26, 1729 at Philadelphia.
"PRESENT:
. The Honorable PATRICK GORDON,
Esqr., Lieut. Governour; James
Logan, Richard H1ll, Ralph Ashe-
ton, ~ a m u e l Hazel, Esqrs.
PRESENT ALSO:
Tawenna, Ganyatorouga, Tacquatar-
ensaly, aUas Civility, Chiefs of the
Conestoga Indians.
Amawoolit, Peyhlohinas, Yaoehkon-
guess, Chiefs of the G'anawese.
Peyashickon, Whawyaygamen, Say-
kalin, Chiefs of the Delawares.
(With several other Indians).
Mr. Peter BizaUion and Mr. John
and they were amicted with them,
though those that were killed were
not of their people, but that they are
now come to desire the Guvernour
may grieve no more, but that the
memory of the whole may be entirely
buried in the Ground and never be
remembered.
That the Governour, the English
and the Indians, are all as one People
and one body, that if they had receiv-
ed anything on their stomllch that
was harsh and unpleasant, they must
bring it all up, purge it out and
cleanse their Hearts, that they all
may be pure and clean and remain
all the same People and body as be-
fore.
That if there has been any uneasi-
Scull, Interpreters. ness between us, or any cause of
The Governour told the Indians Grief, it m.ust be all done away; they
that he was very glad to see them, are now come for that purpose; they
and that accordingly to their Desire [Will sweep the house clean and make
he had called his Council together to the floors all white so that there shall
hear what they had to say. I not the least Spott of Blackness re-
Clv1l1ty then said that none of the main.
Shawanese are now come becaulle That what the Governour said to
unhappily, having spent ail their them at Conestoga pleased them
much; It was all right and good; they
provisions on rum, they are obliged
to stay at home to provide subsis-
tence for their families by hunting,
but that they have contributed
equally in the presents now to be
made, and desired these now present
to speak in their name.
Then directing his discourse to the
Governour he said: .
That the Governour did not come to
see them at Conestoga the first year
after his arrival, being hindered by
sickness and business, but that last
year he came to see them, for which
they were very glad, and then spoke
to them particularly about the Death
of those Indian People that were
then killed. That the Governour
then expressed his and all the Eng-
lish people's sorrow for their death,
had never any speech made to them
since William Penn was here' and as
the Governour then spoke they desire
it may so continue that they may be
ever the same; and that the Candle
of Love should always burn, and that
there should never any Uneasiness
subsist between us.
The Conestogoe, Delaware, Shawa-
nese and Ganawese Indians all agree
in what he has said, and resolve for-
ever to continue in the Same Love
and Friendship with the English as
one people, and as they all joined
together in what was said last Spring
at Conestogoe, they are now come
hither to repeat the same.
As they are all one People with the
Christians, so their Children must be
the same as the Children of the same
parents, for they are all come from
the same father and mother.
Digitized by Coogle
That as the Governour desired last each may have, both Joy and Paln
year at Conestogoe, that the roads alike, as the same body and division.
between Philadelphia, Conestoga. and William Penn sald as both Nations
the Five Nations should be clear and were to be the same Body, so that If
open and free from all Grubs and by any stroke that body were to be
Thorns and everything that can give I divided down the middle Into two
any Offense, they find it Is truly so, parts so that they fell assunder,
and are resolved that It shall so re- this should be looked upon as the
maln while they live. Act of Providence, which neither
That last year the Governour told could help or be blamed for.
them that the English and the In- William Penn further said that it
dians must help each other as Breth- all the people around us should dl1fer
ren whenever they meet, that their one with another, yet we must not
desire It may be always so; that the differ but continue the same In love
English may help them in their and Peace; that the Indians ought
Wants and the Indians shaIl always not hastily to go out to war but
assist the English when they meet rather should study peace, and that if
them In the woods; they wlIl treat they were attacked he and his people
them with clean food, and in pure would be ready to defend them, for
vessels, they will eat together out ot that we art all as one people. WiI-
one clean, and white dish without any lIam Penn told the Indians that he
Spot, as a MARK of the Cleabness of loved them all; their Men, Women
their Hearts. and Children, and that he held Coun-
That not only the Indians that clls with them to perpetuate the
were at Conestogoe last year, but remembrance and affection towards
likewise those of the whole Country, them, that the Friendship he had es-
were pleased with what then passed tablished with them was to last for
and that the presents then delivered lnany generations; that their old men
to them were divided into the smaIl- die and others come in their room,
est parts, that it might reach all the who likewise die, but that the Love
Indians everywhere and be read as a and Friendship between the Indians
letter. stnd English ought to remain forever
Then TAWENNA stood up and sald: Tawenna said, he hopes t h ~ Gover-
He never spoke since Wiliiam Dour will continue in the same strong
Penn was here till last Spring, and Friendship and Love with alI the In-
now speaks the same again to the dians, for their hearts are sincere
Governor. That William Penn in his and true, and they alI desire that no
house in his Town, told them they unhappy accident may ever Interrupt
must be one body and he now says that Peace which subsists between
the same; they are not to btl as one the English and them, and that alI
people bound together to each other, these things which Governour. Penn
though the bonds were ever so strong, spoke to them may ever be remem-
though they were of iron, for even in bered and Imprinted on our and their
that case the one may suffer and the hearts, so as to be observed Inviol-
other escape, b ~ t they and we as ably.
WilIlam Penn said must be as the . That he is welI pleased with all
same body, half the one and half the that has passed between us alld them,
other, that cannot be divided, that but is apprehensive some mischief
Digitized by Coogle
may happen through the great quan-
tities of rum which are dally carried
amongst the Indians, who being
greedy of that Uquor are soon de-
bauched by it, and may then easily
be stirred up to some unhapl'y or ill
action. .
That William Penn told them he
would not suffer any larger quanti-
ties of liquor to be brought among
them, and that they might stave the
casks and spill it if they found any
in the woods, but that now several
hogsheads of rum are brought to
Conestogoes and to several other
places in their road and near to them
by which the Indians are tempted
not only to sell their peltry but like-
wise their clothing for that Liquor,
from an apprehension least a Chris-
tian should be III used by any Indian
intoxicated with that Liquor.
In confirmation of all this, and of
their love and friendship for this
Government, they now present a
large parcel of skins.
The Governour thanked them for
their present and having expressed
his satisfatcion with what they had
said, told them he would speak to
them tomorrow.
At a Council held at Philadelphia,
May 27, 1729.
PRESENT:
The Honourable PATRICK GOR-
DON, Esqr., Lieut. Governour, James
Logan, Richard Hm, WilUam Fish-
bourn, Clement Plumsted, Esqrs.
and are much impoverished thereby. And the same Indians as before, with
That WilUam Penn often told them Mr. BizalUon Interpreter.
if any Christian committ any foolish The Governour spoke to. the Indians
or m action amongst them, they In these words:
My Friends and Brethren:
should seize him without doing him Seeing your affairs would not suf-
any violence, and bring such person fer you as you proposed last year, to
to him, that the matter might be en- make a return to my visit to you at
qui red into, for that he had made a Conestogoe, I am pleased to see you
Boal for the bad and wicked amongst now here, and wish that somtl of the
his own people. Shawanese had also accompanied
That William Penn is dead, but he I you; but since you speak for them
now repeats all these things to the by their direction, and they join in
Governour whom he looks upon as your Present, I take what you say as
in his stead, and if as William Penn if it were truly spoke by all the four
himself was alive; that he remem- Nations and as an answer to what I
bers all these things which were then then spoke.
said and he has now spoke in the I am glad to find by your discourse
name of the Conestogoe, Ganawese, that you not only remember what I
Delaware and Shawanese Indians. said to you last Spring, but also
CIVILITY added that he was very there' are some yet living who can
uneasy lest any mischief should remember what your father WilUam
happen through the great plenty of Penn said to your people when he
rum daily brought amongst them.
This concern he said was not so was in this countrey, from thence
much for fear of any accident among you see that his words and mine are
the Indians themselves, for if one In- the same. He agreed with all the
aian should klIl another they have., Indians whom he treated with in the
many ways of making up such an af- several pOints that I laid before you
fair, but this uneasiness proceeded at Conestogoe; they were his words,
Digitized by Coogle
though spoken by me, and as I ob- were delivered to them, viz: 20
serve the old men will remember Stroud Matchcoats, 8 Blanketts, 8
them, so now I desire you again to Duffels, 20 Shirts, Half a barrel of
repeat them over to your children Powder, One hundred weight of lead,
and require them to remember them 2 Dozen Knives &; 1 Dozen Looking
and repeat them again to their chll- masses; with Rum. Bread, Cheese,
dren, that the same may be continued Ba.con, Tobacco and pipes. A gun
not only to your children but. was likewise ordered to be given to
through all generations and all ages. Civility. The Governour then took
By this means we shall truly con- all the Indians by the hand and
tinue not only as Friends and Broth- wished them a safe journey home.
ers, but one people, of one Body, one The Bundles of Skins delivered by
Mind and one Heart. We shall re- the Indians being examined and
Joice together and be sorrowful to- weighed, were found to contain, 72
. gether, and we shall be the same. fall Derr Skins, weighing 287 pounds,
I need not say anything further to 79 Summer Deer Skins, weighing 142
YOIl on these heads, for it would be pounds; 108 Dr.st Deer Skins, welgh-
only to repeat the same things, there- ing 119 pounds; 3 Beavers, weighing
fore I only say: let us remember all 3 pounds, 17 Racoons, 3 Foxes and
the good words that have been spok- 6 Catts.
en. Your words have been good and I Which were ordered to be sold by
your present is good. I take it kind- the Treasurer, and the produce
ly. and I return you some goods thereof applied towards the charge of
proper to cloath you, with some the Present Treaty."
Powder and lead and Provisions for 1729-The Ganawese, Delawares aDd
your journey, that you may go from Several Other TrIbes of Indians
hence cheerfully and make all the
Indians over the whole cheerful with
the words that have been spoken;
that you and they and all of us may
keep the chain bright and clear and
without spott forever.
I must add that you complained
much of your suffering by rum;
many laws you know have been made
against It; but your people make all
these laws of no effect; they will
have it; they send their women for it
to all places where It can be had;
and we can make no laws against
your drinking It; you must make
these yourselves. If your women
would carry none of it it would be
more easy; I shall endeavor how-
ever, to prevent it being carried in
such Quantities.
Then the following goods which
were prepared by order of the Board
Present at the Above
Treaty Also.
I here merely make note of the fact
that these various other tribes of In-
dians were also present at the treaty,
to show their prominence. What
part they took all appears in the
treaty itself.
1729-The Damage Done by the In-
dians Near the Chester County
Line Paid for.
We remember that In an earlier
item we spoke of the complaint of a
Lancaster County citizen against the
Indians who killed his cow. Provls-
Ion was made for the loss of the cow
and the destruction of the property
as appears In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec.,
p. 366, as follows:
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER 'LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES
314
"To Richard Thomas, Four Pounds Direction:
as the price of a cow killed and eat To Patrick Gordon, Esq'r.,
up by the Indians of the Five Na- Governour of PennsUvanla."
tions, In their return home fr?m 11129 _ Further LIght 00 the KUUo
Philadelphia, after the treaty wIth I g
them In July, 1727, certified by a In Vol. 1 of the Penna. ,A.rchlves,
Justice of Chester County, and the p. 240, Clvlllty writes another letter
value of the Cow ascertained by the I to Gordon in which he says:
amrmations of two lawful men of "GOVERNOUR:
that County." I received your answer to my let-
ter and thank you for your love and
1729-The Southern Iodlaos Kill I care over us.
Some Cooestogas. Wee have no manner of hopes or
In Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives" expectation of having Currundaw-
p. 238 a letter written by Captain I awnah redeemed If hee should be
Civility to Governour Gordon, as fOl-1 still alive, which wee do not expect;
lows: If any of us should go there on that
"CONESTOGOE, June 10th, 1729. Intent, provided he was stU living we
Sir: Knowing the good correspond- should be liable to fall Into the same
ence settled betwixt us, am willing misfortune.
to acquaint the Governour, having I Impute that to ye Five Nations
no other in the world to tell my own fault for they was the cause of
troubles to of this nature, which Is of their own ruin, had they stayed at
the Barbarous Usage of the Shorrey home they might still been all lIvrng.
Indians beolnglng to South Carolina Wee the Conestogoes are fearful
which was about 4 days ago, they leastt such provocations should be
robbed three houses upon Pertomack ye action to draw ye Southern In-
. belonging to us, forty of our men is dians near, If not as far as this place,
gone after them, in order to pursue we have heard that they have of late
them, they likewise killed fifty-nine been about Potomack; and we have
men belonging to us at the Five Na- I sent all our young brisk men accom-
tions town, and has taken two panied with some Delawares and
women and a boy prisoners, first Conoys In all near thirty men in or-
they came upon them and killed der to Look outt and see If they can
eight men, then they came to a par- find any of the Southern Indians
ley to make peace, but could not pre- there; the .reason of our so doing Is
vall, the Captain that went out was because our time of hunting Draws
taken, and then they surrendered the nigh, and our people being fearful,
town, this is a true relation of our and If they find the Coastt clear they
unfortunate brothers, of their su1fer- may yet better hunt with Courage.
inga by those barbarous Indians. About two months ago the Sdhth-
So concluding with my humble ser- ern Indians killed and took nine of
vice to your Lady and pleace to ac- the Shawanese living on a branch of
cept the same to your Honour from
your most humble, obedient servant.
His
CAPTN. CIVILITY,
mark,
Potomack near the Greatt Moun-
tains; the white impute to their own
faults for settling so near their ene-
mies.
I would myself go to warr had [
Digitized by Coogle
OF THE AND
butt forty men at my command, but
our numbul" is small we nlutt
Clipablu of making such attack; if I
should caH ouu youliH mun tUHethur
lun such an ocation they hay'! several
eXCUSllll, Onn wlwtinn shnll), nuOthllll
Pllwder and Lead; and tell them to
provilEn fOll the llamli asfnst
net andthinh away itt goes for Rum,
llUllh thli FoHh of our Heop?e"
So much for ye present In time
llOl"haell I may hlive moro lo llgy.
CIVILITY."
Edword hortTlllge ?llSO edd9 nTlto
to this letter and says that a certain
Iodian wiIh twn othots and
said they knew nothing of the South-
IudianI beEnh abGut.
IT 7dsC) Nfnhl? IGdianI C01Gtldt Depre-
dations.
"An account was thell exhibited by
"5limet Mit?lhell" luf the COUGty
Lancaster, for charges by him ex-
dGnded on meGtage Id frGm
Indians, in the year and for his
tmuble of rnpl?ltuinil to them
Treaty of Albany, by order of the
GuveIGment" (he beiGil tdnu OGTG
acting Magistrate in those parts of
tElt CGUntlG , liGd it IlppGariuh thet
the said services "were performed,
Gnd thet aHnWaI1l.1e dtthelt1l
been made to the said James
llHIchll:%t fOl the tamll" it thr opu-
ion of the Board that the sum of six
r:nunlIll anl} tl:n shllIlnhI
vence be paid to him, in full for his
tlonbhl anl} eXhnnse 1lfdrrraid.
17!o-'I'he Indians Complain Against
Isaac Miranda, An Indian TrDder
Tn of the HGlounl dec., 1m
382, testimony was taken about some The Indians of Lancaster county
dIpredll.tiowl of the IndEGns gGaimlt in a peUtinG fOGGd VllL 1 Gf thl:
the whites in Lancaster county as Penna. Archives, p. 266 make the fol-
ZUl)OWIl l1lwinh <lOmf,taiutl
"The examination of Samuel "To the Justices of. the County ot
.Hornddook <l.nd Johe WHIon, taknu Lau<lasteu
before one of the Justices of the Gentlemen:
Hoace for ti,e Cnuntn of LannastoI",
touching the loss sustained by them
Dtilredil.tlonll of the LHngno
dians and the reference of the house
tnllreGe being likewise reah, tLll
Board in Compassion of the low cir-
:lUmstuncell nf sah SuCerern, ato
of Opinion that they be allowed the
lny,ount of their losll, as set fortL
upon oath in their rexive Examina-
tkms, yizt: to the llaid Horndhook
l"lvi kounds and to the said Wilson
T11ree l"oun<ls tGn shHllnhll,"
17S0-James Mitchell of Lancaster
antn Pan for the Snr.
vices to the Indians.
Tn SllWe bnok gnd thll same
page last mentioned, the following
llrl1"ea1
heno rnrl1ve,1" a pldtilP o' COCrl-
uscunt and Memocollen, two Indians,
aetlng rorth a glGat G;lUBG and 5mpw"'"
sltion they have sufferecl from Isaac
MEtanlln, nyhic1" being committnh
within your jurisdiction llroperly
cnmes undpt yr1m" CGgnllunce
therefore I have herewith transmit-
ted to HOU ide retd G,eUtlull" YGn
make a full and particular enquiry
Truth the .zactEt sett forth
tdereoy', and if YGudnd Et,llegEt,tiong
therein contained to be true, I desire
YlHl wilt Older . ll?:Erande to mGen
retribution of the goods which he
hEts taenn n,lllay end tkewlille enter
Into recognIzance for his good he-
havior and appearance at your en-
su[rlg C%)UrI, aw
August 21, 1720."
316
17SO-Inqnest Into the Death of In- have been murdered as aforesaid for
diana In ~ a n c .. ter Countr. the space of three months, but who
they were or what Nation they were
In Vol. 1 ot the Pena. Archives, p. this inquisition finds not, nor can we
267, the following inquisition is sett find any reason or grounds to charge
forth about Illdian slaughter: any Christians or white people with
"August 28, 1730. the said murder, nor can we flnd any
Lancaster Coupty, ss.: to afftx the said murder on. In testi-
THIS INQUISITION, Indented and mony" whereof the said Coroner as
taken in the Township of Dorsey, in well as ye said jury have hereunto
ye County aforesaid and ye province set their hanils and seals this Twenty
of Pennsylv&l1ia, before Joshua Lowe, Eighth day of August in ya fourth
Coroner for pur Sovereign Lord ye year of ye Reign of our Souvereign
King, and for ye sl!ld County. in ye Lord George ye Second king Over
view of the bodies of three Indians, Great Britain, etc., and ye year of
two men and one woman, there at a our Lord Christ One Thousand Seven
certain run lying dead, by yt: oaths of Hundred and Thirty.
John Postlethwait, Jonas Davenport, Joshua Lowe, Cor'er. (L. S.)
Patrick CBPlpble, John Williams,Rice Jno. Taylor, (L. S.)
Price, John McCurry, John Gal- Jno. Postlethwait, (L. S.)
Wm. Hays, (L. S.)
breth, David Campbell, John Taylor, Jonah Davenport, (L. S.)
William Hays, Patrick Hays, Chris- Patric'k Hays, (L. S.)
topher V,nlaer, John Carr, Thomas Patrick Campbell, (L. S.)
Christ. Vanlear, (L. S.)
Hill, William White and Alexander John Williams, (L. S.)
E. Hutchinson, good and lawful men Jno. Carr, (L. S.)
of the said County, who being Rice Price, (L. S.)
charged On their said quali1l.cation to Thomas Hill, (L. S.)
enquire how the said Indians came to Jno. MakCurry, (L. S.)
their end, to say that according to Wm. White, (L. S.).
Jno. Galbreth, (L. S.)
several circumstances there being no Alexander Hutchinson, (L. S.)
evidence the said Indians were fel- David Campbell, (L. S.)
loniously killed and murdered, there We Ye Chiefs of ye Conestouges
appearing in everyone of their and Conoys Indians" having been al-
heads, One mortal' wound (to Viz:) in ong with the Christians or White
the woman one mortall wound in the People, Do say we are of ye same
left side of her head like a cut with mind as above said and well are sat-
a small ax or Tom Hock, and one of isfied with what is Done By ;ve
ye men a cut or great bruise in ye Christians, on this Account As Wit-
left side of ye head on his temple, ness our hands ye 29th of August,
and the other man a briuse in the Annoq'e Dominy, 1730.
skul in ye fore part of his head, and CAPT'N CIVILITY,
a large cut In ye left side of his his X mark.
head near ye eye; and they wrapped TAYSHAH.
up in their shrouds or blankets, and his X mark.
huried in the said run and covered ALLOWAY,
his X mark.
with BOme logs earth and stones, POWAY BAYTO,
and by ye bodies being so putrified his X mark.
and decayed;ve suppose they may JOSHUA LOWE, Coroner."
Digitized by Coogle
17SO-The Coroner's Report Co the
GOTernor.
In the book last mentioned, at p.
268, the following report appears to
be made by Coroner Lowe to the
Governor:
"5th of September, 1730.
arme bellts &; a large neck Belt of
wampum, Pettar Basalion &; Pettar
Sherfe being present whtln Boyd
gave me the above account, Sherfe
said that about ye midle of May Last
thear Came to his house the above
named Indian his Squaw &; Chil-
dren, with said furr &; a sadIe, but
Sir: The Day after the Date 01 my no horse, they went ovar the Rlvar
last To the Governor, I heard a toward the 2rd Day affter the
freash Reportt of the IBdlans being Squaw came back with The same
found dead, on which I went up to- bundell of furr, &; Pettar asked
wards the head of Swartarro, where whear her husband was, she answer-
I had a full account of t h ~ afare, ed he was gone, but he charged her
though they wear 5 or 6 miles from that she had killed him, which she
whear ye Indians Tould us, I there- very fantly denied, so he bought the
fore Came Down &; gott sevarell In- furr from her, and she Returned to-
dlans &; Christians along and went wards home, so that we are now all
to the Place and Thear found the satisfyed that the ould mlln, his
bodeys of three Indians, one young: sone and Daughter was murdered by
woman as apeared by her hand, one I his squaw, that you may see by the
of which was whole, &; 2 men as I Copy of the Inquisition what Care
planely apeared were found n saddle, I was taken, the Indians generally
a pistell, a knife, some beads and! Expressed very great satisfaction
shells, with some small things,. by with what was Done, and wear will-
all which the Indians said they wear ing and forward to joyne in signeing
Delawares, wee also had acc'tt that with us a plan. It was carefully In-
Thear wos none wanting of ye Five trepreted to them, I would have sent
Nations, howe\,er I and BOme others to ouar Governar but' have had an
was very Desirous To Discover who account that he is gone to New York,
they wear &; from whence they came, &; will not return in Less than 3
And who had Done' murder, I heard weeks, so I Thought it my duty to
thear was 3 Tuskarorows wanting, so Acquaint Thee how far I have act-
I went up to Pechston To Enquire ed, which I hope will be content. I
whear I had the opartunety To hear am they Reall well wishar &; Ready
by Patrick Boyd who was Coming to Serve my Countarey in aney
Doune from Opessa Town, That an I Thing in my power.
ould Delawar man Caled OIJpenella, JOSHUA LOWE.
belonging to Augaluta a toune near Lon'd, 5, 7 mo., 1730.
Opessa, &; his Squaws &; his sone a P. S. If I hear hney more shall ac-
quaint thee of it, but P. BasaUon
young man and his Daughter, a girl hath promised to Come and give thee
about 14 years ould, Came doune with a full acc'tt he hath been very ser-
a Larg bundell of fine furr, and some visable in This Mare. Their just
time after ye Squaw came home and now came an Indian to see the pistell
yet that wee found, &; Imn..erliately
Tould a man that she had a mind for sd it was Oppanella's pistell, aU
that he might marey her, for she had which Confermeth me in may said
Dispatched her ould husband, &; to opinion.
prove It shewed him her husband's J. L."
Digitized by Coogle
1780 - The Conestogas Mueh Dis. 1 some of our Chiefs will come down
torbed by the Settling of the to you and have some Further treaty
GermaJls A.mong Them. about ye matter.
In Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives, From y'r Loving Brother, In the
p. 271, appears the following com- behalf of ye rest of my Brethren,
munlcatlon from Captain Clcillty to alias ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ E M ~ I ~ Y .
Governor Gordon:
"May it please ye Honorable Gover-
ner,
Some time since I was out at our
County town of Lancaster, where I
heard much talk that both Dutch and
English was agolng to settle on ye
other side of 'Susquehannah, like-
wise Mr. Wright, and Mr. BIunston,
hath surveyed a great deal of land
and designs to dispose of It to others
which giveth me and my brethren a
great deal of trouble, itt being in our
road in our hunting, least our
young men should break the chain
of friendship which hath long been
between us.
Wee are grieved that Mr. Wright
should not mind his word, for when
he first came tp our parts he often
said that no person should settle on
that side of ye river wlth(ut our
Consent, but now wee find he to be
the first and to encourage others.
When your honor was with us at
Cooestogoe your desire was that wee
should not hurt any of your people,
which we carefully have observed,
and likewise that Ed. Parn:ll who
was settled there should go off
which he did, which now grieves our
hearts to see how little our Counsels
is minded. We hear that one of
William Penn's, family is coming In
this country but the truth of it wee
know not, we long to hear the truth
of it for wee sbould be glad to see
any of Wllllam Penn's family.
Wee are now agolng out to hunt,
so desire you to suppreo;s your
people from settling there until wee
return 'from our hunting, and then
Conestogoe, September 28th, 1730.
Directed-To the Hon'ble Patrick
Gordon, In Philadelphia, theae.
Indorsed-Cap't Civility's Letter.
September 28th, 1730."
17S1-IndJans Remind the Govel'Dor
That Penn Promised They
Would Nevel' Be Disturb.
ed at Susquehanna.
In Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives,
p. 295, Samuel Blunston writes a
letter to Robert Charles, who was the
Secretary to the Governor nnd fin-
ally became his son-in-law. The let-
ter is as follows:
OctobeJ' ye 3d, 1731.,
Friend Robert Charles:
About a week agoe, when Severall
of the Majestrates Met at Lancaster
to Assist at Raising ye Court House,
Capt. Civility Came there, and by an
Interpreter which he brought with
him, (In behalf of ye Rest of ye In-
dians,) . Laying down the Enclosed
String of Wampum, Desired the fol-
lowing Message might be therewith
Communicated to ye Governour, viz:
That the Conestogoe Indians have al-
ways llved in Good Friendship with
the Christian Inhabitants of Penn-
sylvania, And have behaved them-
selves agreeable to their Treatys
with them. That William Penn had
promised them they should not be
Disturbed by any Settlers on the
west side of Sasquehannah, but now,
Contrary thereto, Several Maryland-
ers are settled by the river, on that
side, at Conejohela; And one Cres-
sop, particularly, is very abusive to
Digitized by Coogle
them they way,
has and WOUanan ane of
they had
tdp. I
eetJtnred on
mention to give
women who went to Get Apples from It prominence.
their own Trees and took Away her l'i'81-An Accident to the Delawares
apples. And further Says, that,
Becanse of Rum.
they Always Care In Vol.
us no So they 156, a
tRle Votes
expe<:t shall pr07teet ttem. l)'fell the
We then Told him that the Gover-
a:'cident, rum,
::f the Delawares and
there that it may llkely
nor had wrote to the Goveruour of
Maryland on that Subject, and that It
was to hi' they sh:}ulh
be by yu h2:uuhlanders,
do an Lay in
power to prevent it.
I have further to add on the Indian
Subject, That being Informed the
Govee07 me Expect:':c1 nome of
Chi ere Five Down 10
llttl:: it might servlco
acquaint him, that a few days agoe,
about twenty of ye Five Nation war-
riors Returning this way from the S.
ward, hnmuht' with three
gros of the
groe
g
, lame travell!::o
they sold to a CannoL Indian tor
about 20 Pounds; the Rest they took
off. This being Contrary to the Last
Treato "t Albany, &: ond if not Di},
bring on war.
781-Inv'tU:nnUon on i:&:ath of
Indian.
Lhe Penna, d,e?:ves, p:
the deposition of Jonah
Davenport, which he speaks
of the kllling of a couple of In-
dians nea:r dl':nheny; and }nhS that
India:: e:::ttlement con-
delawares, nhawa-
nese and many others. He says also
on p. 301 in the same book that the
number of Indians in that part of
PnnnsylvanL:: nere 60 dnlewares,
mJ,stly m::IL on Kythenenp river
and that ,,,hole lot :::::::::::ts of
250 men and that there are also
three Shawanese towns with over 200
inhabitants and that about 60 miles
imm SusqunR,nuua there
couraned, :Llke to DaJ?geron:: nnd variong
Cons,':rLngnr:,:, I tho::hht lit to C:::m'
more,
munknt07, and am, my hest
Service to ye Governour, they Assur-
ed friend."
An ::ppears hnnn
and say,
week writlnp letter,
with other Manist:'ates of
County were in Lancaster helping to
raise the Court House. This speak-
ing of "raising" the Court House al-
most leads us to infer that our first
Court was and
brick, was suppm:erL
l'i'Sl-'I'!:0i Conoys a Mulat@A?
Capthe.
The item last above mentioned sets
ofrth that the Conoys bought a mul-
atto from the Five hL?kns, whk:h
.
:&:781-EdWLnd (;artlIedg,,'A UL(ter to
Governor Gordon, and His In.
dian Trade.
In this
CartlldnL that
can not l:ome to k:&:7Ldelphia
look aT?Lg affairs Gov-
ernment on account of his Indian
trade. As this letter gives us a good
light on the extent of his Indian
ttLde, and treaty by it,
will set fmth. 1110 ie: r::llows:
'Lancaster, C;th of 1731.
Sir: May Itt Please Honour.
I Rec'd yours, dated ye 23rd of ye
last month, my man, Butt l)eing In-
d,posed Body mind
320
could not answer your exepctation, Indorsed-Ed. Cartlidge, December 1
and Justt have received a letter from 1731." ,
Mr. Charles and Justice Galbreth For the above see Vol. 1 of the
which puts mee to such a stand I Penna. Archives, p. 304.
know not whatt to do, for my Affairs
so pressingly c.all me Back into ye
woods, and my People and goods are
already over Sasquehannah, thatt my
1781-CariUdge's Testimony Taken at
Pequea, Lancaster Connty, about
the Migration of Our
coming all this distance to PhUadel- IncUans.
phla wlll prove of fataU Consequence In Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives,
to mee. I have a large Intriestt in p. 305 the following testimony of
ye woods and If. I should lose my Edmond Cartlidge is given.
winter's Trade, which may be done "The Examination of Edmund Cart-
for not being up in time, would en- lIdge, Indian Trader, taken on his
tirely ruin the whole and quite dis- Aftlrmation, at Pequea, In ye County
able me from making returns to my of Lancaster, ye 7th day of Decem-
Creditors to whom I am deeply en- ber, 1731, before Jno. Wright, Esq.,
gaged, In Consideration of which lone of his Majesty's Justices of the
hllmbly beg that your Honor wfll not Peace for ye said County.
take it amiss If I do not come. I can This Examinant says, that about
not tell what may just happen Butt two months since he left Allegeny,
itt does not appear to me at ye pres- where there are settlements of Dela-
ent that there Is such an apparent wares, Shawanah, Asseekales &;
danger as some makes It to bee. Itt is Mlngoe Indians to the number of
not long since I came from Allee- about five hundred. That for these
geenlng and all was quiet and well five years past except that of 1729 a
then, and If there be not any lIkely- French Gentleman who calls hlm-
hood of a Rupture at Home between self Cavalier has made it his prac-
England and France, I hope we are tice to come every Spring amongst
safe for the present, however, as to the Indians settled there, and brings
whatt Davenport and Le Tortt has with him a small quantity of goods
declared in relation to a French gentt with which he deals for furs, that he
comelng for three years as a spy. I keeps a store as this Examinant Is
can not tell whatt to say as to thatt, well Informed at the head of the
I always looked upon Itt that as ye Ohio River, and every year goes to
French kept a Store att the head of Montreal, that he appears to be a
ye River to Deal, he came down to man of sense and good understanding
trade for fur and Bears, Being Com- and that it Is generally beUeved by
odlty Very Scarce to ye Northward, all the traders at Allegheny as well
hee and all along with him always as this Examinant that this ('avaUer is
behaved themselves very Civily, how- the Bearer of the Governor of Mon-
ever, I shall not say much least I treal's Messages to the Indians In
should be mistaken. I would willing- these parts and is entrusted with ne-
ly serve your honor and ye Publ1ck gotiating several affairs between the
as far as lyes in my power, butt Governor and them. That after the
pray excuse at this time. I treaty held at Conestogoe in the year
Your mostt Humble Servant, 1728 between the Governor of Penn-
sylvania and the Delaware Indians,
Digitized by Coogle
several Shawanese who are settled; On p. 302 Ollepoonoe. AchQualIl-
near Allegheny went to the Governor I emoe, etc., Chiefs of the Shawanese
of Montreal as this Examinant be- I and Assekelaes, at or near A.lleghen-
lIeves, to seek protection from the lng, To the Chiefs of the Shawanese
French against the Five Nations,who: Indians at Allegheny.
they suspected would hinder their: My friends and Brethren:
settling at Allegheny, that ever since: I find by our records that about
that time there has been a great ap- i Thirty-four years since, some num-
pearance of Friendship and goodwill I bers of your Nation came to Susque-
between the French and them. That I hannah and desired leave first of our
Mr. Cavalier frequently holds consul-I Brethren the Conestogoe Indians, and
tations with the Shawanese, and this' then of Coil. Markham, who at that
Spring when he was among them he : time was Governour under William
delivered a message to them as this I Penn, at Philadelphia, that they might
examJnant Is well Informed from the have leave to settle on Pequea
Governor of Montreal with a present I Creek. which was granted. About
of some powder, That the Shawannah I three years after, William Penn, the
king or chief Paguasse with seven or; father of this Countrey, who was as
eight more of the Shawanese went to : father also to the Indians, for he 10\1'-
Montreal to answer the Governor's I ed them as 'his own Children, came
message and carried with them some from England to Philadelphia with
bundles of skins for a present, but his wife and family, which when our
were not returned when this Examl- Brethren of Conestogoe heard, Conn-
nant left Allegheney. That this Exam- edechtoe, their King, Oretyah, Anda-
In ant has since heard from a Servant ggyjunquah, and others of our good
of an Indian Trader lately come friends, came with Opessa, and many'
from thence that they are returned more of the Shawanese deSiring
and have set up a white Flag which leave for the Shawanese to live In
Is Is said the French Governor has this Countrey, to enter Into a League
given them, denoting thereby as this with our Indians and with us, and to
Examinent verily believes that they be accounted as our people, which, as
united with the French and are come they requested, our father WilHam
under that protection. Penn readily granted, he then took
EDMD. CARTLIDGE. the Shawanese by the hand, and ad-
Coram Jno. Wright.
Indorsed - Examinant Edmd.
IIdge, Dec. 7th, 1731."
Cart- mitted them as friends; they promised
to be his children, and from that Ume
to this, In all the treatys held with
1711-The Governor Wants the Sha.w-
anese to Come Back.
It will be remembered that the
Shawanese used to live on Pequea
Creek but suddenly they move in 1729
out near Allegheny. This disturbed
the Governor very much and he wrote
them a pressing letter In 1731 to come
back. The letter Is found In Vol. I
our Indians, the Shawanese were al-
ways Included as our friends and
brethren, and so we hope that still
continue mindful with their engage-
ments and of the friendship, Clvflfty
and brotherly that has always been
shown them. Yet we now hear that
others have taken you by the hand, In
which If you mean to be friends with
of the Penna. Archives and is as fol- them who, they say, were formerly
lows: your enemies, we do not blame you,
Digitized by Coogle

for you should Uve In peace with all; I them to do so, which may be found In
but if through a lightness of temper Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives, p. 303.
you would throw off old friends, for-, The letter is general In character and
get all the former treaties made with therefore I wlll not quote It.
us by your people, all their promises l'ZSI-Letort's Cabin Burned
and the Friendship that has been be-
tween us, You are then unkind and I In Vol. 15 of Haz. Reg., p. 82 It Is
must blame you, but I shall not be- stated that James Letort seems to
Heve this. I wlll sUII believe you ~ a v e penetrated to Cumberland Valley
true men, and In order to Confirm as early as 1731. His first Cabin was
amongst your old friends at Cones- burned by the Indians and It stood at
togoe. I have sent messages to the the head of the Spring. He received
Five Nations or Mlngoes, who I heard for his services twelve pounds an-.
this, I desire to speak with some of nually.
your old wise men at PhUadelphla or 17S2-The Shawanese Hold a Treaty
were angry with you, to make them at Philadelphia..
your friends, and It is our desire that In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 349
we may all be friends, and uU live In appears a treaty under the date 'of
Peace as brethren. In the meantime, 11732 between the Shawanese and the
I exepct of you that you will In all Government but as it dos not relate
respects shew yourselves true and I to Lancaster County and is entirely
good men to all our people who come I devoted to an effort of the Govern-
on account of Trade, but next Spring I ment to get them back to Lancaster
WlIllam Penn's son Is to be here I County, we wlll say nothing more
from England, and then he wlll renew about it. In Vol. 1 of the Penna.
his father's Leagues and Covenants Archives, p. 325 the speech of the
with your Ancients, and will expect French to the Shawanese Is given.
your visit to him as the son of a true
friend and father, who was a true 17S2-Tbe Location of the Indian
father to all the Indians. In confir-I Town.
mation hereof, I send you a token In Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives,
and some Liquor that you may re- p. 331, it is stated that the Northern
member us with Cheerfulness and boundary of MarYland Is now fixed as
particularly me, being 16 miles below the Indian town
Who am your friend and brother, on Susquehanna River.
P. G.
Indorsed-Copy of the Message to
the Shawanese Chiefs at Ailegheny.-
December, 1731."
nSI-The Governor Writes a SlmUar
Letter to the Delawares.
We remember that the Delawares
moved from the Schuylklll to the
Susquehanna early in the Eighteenth
CenturY. They also went West and
became enemies of the Engllsh. Gov-
ernor Gordon desires them to come
back and he writes a letter pressing
17S2-The Conestogas Complain that
They are Wrongly Blamed for
Killing tbe Whites.
In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 500, a
treaty was held at PhUadelphla by
Shekellamy on the part of several In-
dian tribes. He said one reason why
they came at this time was that "two
days before he left home, which Is
now seven days since, a Messenger
came to him from the Ganawese In-
dians, who live between Pextan and
Digitized by Coogle

323
Conestogoe, with an account that ed that such a report should be
they Understood the Governor of Vlr- spread, for none of their people have
glnla was about to send a party of done any such thing; that whenever
armed men amongst them to cut them their young men go to war they are
off, for a Murder committed In Vlr- very careful to give them the strlct-
glnla; and therefore, requesting the est caution not to hurt the English.
assistance of all the other Indians to That last winter when their young
defend them against the enemies. But men returned from War they brought
as he can not believe that the Gov- with them the scalps of two Indians
ernor of Virginia would make war on they had killed, and gave an account
these Indians without acquainting that they had killed a third, but this
this Government with It, he Is now body was taken away by his friends
. come here to Inform his Brethren of so they could not get his scalp.
this matter and to know of them what That the white people who live In
they have heard of It." their Neighborhood have told them
On page 604 of the same book the that the Governour of Virginia In-
Ganawese Chief makes a speech at tends to come against them, with a
the said treaty. I hundred men to revenge the Death of
1783-The Ganawese Above Conesto. those who are killed and supposed to
be white people, and that two young
goe and Their Complaints. I men of their Nation must be delivered
In Vol. 3 of -the Col. Rec., p. 604, It up.
Is set forth that the Ganawese live' They were asked where their young
between Pextan and Conestoga at this men had killed those Indians, and of
date, therefore, they are still in the what Nation they were?
County of Lancaster. Their Chief They answered that It was on the
and four of the Warriors were pres- forks of a River lying to the South-
ent at the treaty held on the 6th of ward of James River, In Virginia,
August, 1733. In the treaty these and that the Indians were of the
Ganawese complained as follows: Tootelaes; that they have seen the
"Ullaloes, a Chief of the Ganawese scalps and know them to be of In-
Indians, with four others of that Na- dlans and are now to be seen In their
tion viz. : Menahachtay, Peyohlnas, Indian town.
Waapen & Nalemot. The dellverlng some strings of
Ullaloes produced a letter wrote at wampum.
the desire of all of their Nations, by They add that they are extremely
James Mitchell of Donnegal, slgnlfy- concerned that any Suspicion should
Ing the concern they are under that be entertained of them as if they had
any of their Nations should be charg- done any Injury to the white people
ed with kllllng any white people and whom they look upon as themselves;
declaring their Ignorance of the mat- that they and the English are as one
te.r. Heart, one Body, and one Person,
And then by the Interpreter said: therefore to do hurt to the white
That a few months since a report Pf'ople would be doing hurt to them-
was spread among them, that the selves.
white people had charged some of They were told that It could not
theirs with the kllling of two English but give us a great concern to hear
men; that they are sorry and asham- such reports; that they were extreme-
Digitized by Coogle
ly careful to do them Justice and to I
preserve a. good understanding with
them, and we hope they will be equal-
ly careful on their parts, that we are I
well pleased with their coming here
to satisfy us, and if they are innocent I
as by what they Lave said we hope
they are, they have no need to feel any
resentment or to be under the least
Apprehension, but if It should prove
otherwise, Justice be done upon
the guilty persons.
That these People who live near and
give them so much Une"asiness by the
reports they have spread of the Gov-
ernor of Virginia coming against them
have no foundation of what they say;
they know nothing of the matter, and
are not to be credited. If the Indians
have not done anything amiss they
have nothing to fear.
They said that what they told was
spoken sincerely-their tongues and
spread of their going over to the
French, and inviting them to
come to Philadelphia to treat
with this Government, and for
an Express sent to Sasquehan-
nab for Edmund Cartldge, who
was the bearer of Messages, 4
17s.-And we a.re of opinion that
Ii Pounds be allowed to the said
Robert Charles for his trouble in
the Bald Journey, for
9 Pounds & 17 Shillings.
1788.-The Government Bears the
Expenses of Shawanese Indian
Funerals.
In the Book last mentioned, p. 607
is set forth the following charge:
"March-To the Charges of Attend-
ance, nursing and funerals of two
Shawanese Indians. p. Account,
28 Pounds 14s. 6, & to Dr.
Thomas Gaerme, their Phy"slclan,
for his medicines Advice and
care, P. his Bill 16 Pouuds.
43 Pounds, 14s. 5."
Hearts go together; That they have 1783- Peter Chartier Brings Much
nothing turthel' to add, but having Rum to Conestoga.
been at some expense at their Jour-I We remember that Peter Chartier
ney here they hope their Brethren was a son of Martin Chartier. and
will consider it. They were told care I that his mother was a Shawanese In-
should be taken of them, and some- dian. In an item found in Vol. 3 01
what given them before their depar-I the Col. Rec., p. 601, it Is complained
ture. that Chartier, whose name is here
It was ordered that Thirty shillings spelled Cheavier, brings rum to the
be given them to defray their charges Indians and does not obey tho laws at
on the road, and that their entertaln- all. The Indians ask that this bring-
ment in Town be paid for."
17B1-The Governor's Private Secre.
tary VIsIts Conestoga.
In Vol, 3 of the Colonial Rec., p.
606 the expenses with the
Indian treaty are set out and among
them may be found the following.
"Decr.-To Robert Charles far the
Expenses by him disbursed in a
ing of rum be stopped.
1783-The Walking Purchase Is
Again Mentioned
In Vol. 6 of Haz. Reg., p. 212, men-
tion is again made to the walking
purchase of 1686 and it seems that
there is still some dissatisfaction
connected with it.
Journey to Conestogoe, by order l'ZSf-Captaln Clvlllty Sent for By the
of the Governor and Council, to Government.
forward to the Indians of Alle-
gheny several Messages of im- In Vol. 3 of the Col. Rec., p. 670, it
portance, touching the reports lis set forth that several Oneida In-
Digitized by Coogle
325 ANNALS OF THE SUBQUEH,ANNOCKS AND
dlans came to Philadelphia but before
they could talk they desired to see
their friend and brother Captain Civ-
ility and desired that he might be
sent for to come trom Conestoga,
which was done. Civility and Borne
other Indians came down trom Con-
estoga and the treaty was held. There
was also present the Chief of the
Ganawese Indians and John and
Thomas Penn. Most of the business
of this Council or treaty concerned
sections ot Pennsylvania outside of
Lancaster County and therefore we
wlll not set forth the proceedings.
1784-The Indians at Conestoga Com.
plain of the Traders.
In Vol. I of the Penna. Archives,
p. 425, the following complaint is
made by the Indians against the
Traders: "May 1st, 1734,
My Brethren:
Bome time ago Edmund (Probably
Edmund Cartlldge) brought a Letter
amonKst us, and wlthall advised me
to mind to be careful of my people,
not In ye least to hurt them, and If
we wanted any Assistance we might
expect It from You, which we are
very glad to hear. As for ye belt of
Wampum you sent by ye Five Nations,
we have not yet had, though so often
mentioned. Edward Kenny, Jacob
Ryatt, Tim'y Fitzpatrick, Wm. Dew-
lap & Jno. Kelly, of Donegall, come
trading with us without a License,
which is a hindrance to the Llncensed
Trades. Charles Poke and Thomas
Hill are very pernicious for they have
abused us, and we gave. them a fath-
om of white wampum, desiring them
by that token to acquaint you how they
had served us, and att a Drinking
Boutt, Henry Baley, Olllver Wallls
and Jno. Young, took one of our old
men, and after having tied him abus-
ed him very much, James Denning
was among them and abused us like-
wise, such pople we think are not
proper to deal with us. Jno. Kelly, of
Pextan has made a great disturb-
ance by raising false reports among
us, and Tim'y Fitzpatrick, Thomas
Moren and Jno. Palmer quarrel often
with us, therefore.. we desire those
four may be kept particularly from
us. Jonas Davenport, Laz. Lowry,
Jmes Letort, Fran's Btevens, James
Patterson, Ed. Cartlidge, we desire
may have license to come and trade
with us, as also Peter Cheartler, who
we reckon one of us, and he Is wel-
come to come as long as he pleases
likewise we begg att opr Counclll
that no trader abovementioned may
be allowed to bring more than 30
Galons of Rum, twice in a year and
no more, for by that means we shall
be capable of paying our debts and
making our creditors easy, which we
can not do otherwise, and that every
trader may be obliged to bring his
rum In ye Cabin where he lives dir-
ectly, and not to hide in ye woods,
but for P. Cheatler to bring what
quantities he pleases, for he trades
further than the rest, and that every
trader bring his license with him,
and for our parts If we see any other
traders than those we desire amongst
us, we will staves their Cags and
seize their goods likewise, we also
beg every trader may be obliged to
bring good Powder, and if we are
indebted to any of those we desire
may not be admitted to trade with
us, If they wlll come without goods
or Rum, If we have it by us we will
pay them their Due, we also hope no
hired man wlll have liberty to bring
any rum with him.
We are Your Friends and Brethren,
NECHIKONNER, (L. B.)
OPOCKRETOR, (L. S.)
CAWKECAWLEN? (L. S.)
Digitized by Coogle
326

MEELATAINEN, (L.
therewith, but he is so much in-
diGsr,ose,r' as not bn abln to come
down, and that the Council are now
met to hear what thee haec to nffeT
JONAH DAVENPORT,
JAI,I%JS %JET%J%JT,
LAREY LOWREY, CIvilIty, hy the Interpreter said:
PE'I'%JR . CCEACTli'i:C, That there arn now Pr,rent three
Indorsnd 1st Mad, A 2x,tteT frow didierent Nattons of the Indians, to
the Indians ab't Licenc'd Traders." witt: thn Cxwestfxdoeff, Ga,mwee" anfl
llr:5-Czxe (Ltmeetega lnttzms Chow Sdnwanese, who are come down to
In Rec., p. 597, I n::d
tttex'e ',x'e ent fnx'th rixe nrocerdinns I,' en SIp.
of a treaty of of' July, Chat n,ren I,VillInm %Jenn hrst came
Into this Countrv he txalhxd mex,y
as ,
"Several Indians of Conestogoe
and Ssgquehanmih, to the oumhxxr
thirty in all, Men, Women and Child-
rex, coe'Iinh to town on fx
visit, and their Chiefs applying
the Prnprietarke and Gnnernnnr
be heard in Council.
Cooncli was hslh
phi a, August 1st, 1735.
PllZCSENC:

the Indans rogetter and told them
that the Great King of Envlaed had
gtn",n unto VIm largn tree, ot lanh,
on which several nations of Indians
weTe thet it was his hesitu
to live In Peace and good f:iendship
with all Uietex Imliane, ami thptuforu
he would make purchases' from them
oK thoxxe lae,ls, lltfore thep shnntd
possessed by the white people.
That the Indiane toRx? William %Jenn
The Honourable THOMAS PENN, he and they should live on those
Esqr., llZroptletal'lE. lands like Prethten, In Lovo ami
The Lieutenant Governor, and Friendship; whereupon William
hamHnl LXT,stnn, Pxxnn Lind tht Io,jamx entx::ed npon
Clement llZlumsted,
Ralph Assheton, League of Friendship together,
Th,nmae Grklditts, whtreil" they teca::o as one
Charles Read, people and one Nation, joined to-
PRESENT ALSO:
EShuirss, geLher so strongly thLit nnthinlE
should ever disunite them, but that
Tloq tataeaphse OT Cinility,
chsulylena, Canasquagenerat, Tatier- ever.
sheuld eontirue one Zlsople for
nUlEhtl, willE seHerat othu" That if one Chlst al'tEcle then
goe Indians of less Note. agreed on between William Penn and
lJllaiues, Chief of the Ganowess, tEkl' Indkans was that aUl, mh;chle,f
with Peyhlohlnas, Joaasha, and some or hurt should befall either, they
olher that Nntlonii, slituld ;issi;;t ore another and
Gannauwantagerah, Walabiessanagh stantly have their, eyes open to watch
anet otlkers of ths Shawanese. fot ntter', SEiztty, find the?e
Conrad Weyser, Interpreter. ears open if any news were brought
'1'he Proprietor tte iTdlai;t fenm einy Ctuntey that wight ght
that as soon as heard of their Arri- uneasiness to either, they should
val he ;,eni MEieSaOi to Ills brnther catefultl iGsrorm tacb other of whet
at Pennsbury, acquainting him I they heard.
That it was further agreed be-
tween William Penn and the Indians,
that each should bear a share in the
others misfortunes. That this Coun-
try, though it might be filled with
people of different Nations, yet care
should be taken that Justice should
be done to every person, and no
mischief happen without satisfaction
being given when it was necessary.
That William Penn and the Indians
agreed on other articles, of all which
two papers were written; one of
them their brother William Penn had
and the other they have brought with
them, to show that they preserve all
these things carefully.
That their Brother William Penn
told the Indians this agreement was
to continue for three Generations.
Then laying down three Bundles of
skins,
He said:
orders being given for their good ac-
commodation and entertainment, they
were at present dismissed.
At a Council held at Phill:l.delphla,
August 2d, 1735.
PRESENT:
The Honourable Thomas Penn,
Esquire,
The Lieutenant Governour,
Samuel Preston,
Ralph Assheton,
Thomas Grlmtts,
Charles Read,
Esquires.
And the Indians mentioned In the
preceedlng Minute.
The Proprietor spoke to the Indians
by the Interpreter, as follows:-
Friends and Brethren:-
I told you yesterday, that on the
first Notice I had of your coming to
Town I had sent to my brother, whom
I had left at Pennsbury, to desire his
Company here, and I am now truly
sorry that the indisposition he lab-
ours on or under, which till is over
wlll not suffer him to travel, must
deprive him of the pleasure he would
have taken at your visit. You are
sensible he Is your Country man,
being born In the same land with you,
and for this reason he would have
That they were now come hither
to see William Penn's sons, to take
them by the hand and renew with
them the League of Friendship made
with their father. And to bind their
words, they now presented, In the
name of all the Conestooge, Ganawese
and Shawanese Indians, three bun-
dles of skins.
Clvllity laying down another bundle desired to see you; but he has sent
of skins added: me a letter by which I know his
That the Shawanese Indians who mind, and now since he can not be
live upon River, lately sent present himself I shall give you both
his and my own sentiments, which I
him a present of skins, which he now assure you are exactly the same.
gives to the Proprietaries, to engage We need not tell you, who formerly
them to assist In composing any dlf- saw our father William Penn here,
ferences that may arise between the I that he loved all the Indians as his
Irish People, woh are come Into these own People and Children, he shewed
parts and these Indians who Intend It In all his actions and conduct
to live and dye where they are now
settled.
That he had now finished all he
towards them; he made a firm
League of Friendship with all the In-
dians, and he not only observed them
had to say.
The proprietor told the Indians he .strlctly himself but he gave it in
would speak to them on the heads charge to us his children to do the
they had mentioned very soon; and same. And as we are the same with
Digitized by Coogle
328
our father, so we are very weIll quehanna land again came up and
pleased to find by this visit, and what the Speaker of the Five Nations said
you have said, that you are the very that if Captain Civility at Conestoga
same you were when he was here, should attempt to make a sale of
and that you not only remember the any lands- to us or any of our neigh-
Substance of what then past, but also bors they must let him know and
have kept one of the _ instruments of that he had no power to do so; and
writings that he gave your fathers if he does anything of the kind the
under his hand." Indians will utterly disown him.
After this _ done the Governor The subject again came up and
showed the Indians the deed which on p. 94 of the same book, the Indian
they had made September 13, 1700, Speaker of the Five Nations said,
for the Susquehanna lands and also "We have indeed heard of a letter
the treaty by which they confirmed sent up to Susquehanna from the
the deed made the 3rd. of April, Gbvernor of Maryland. If he men-
1701, which we have before set out. tions anything in it of orders from
This seemed to satisfy them. On the King of England we are to hear
the fourth of August they met again of it. The land on Susquehanna be-
and after they had some rum, pipes, longs to the six nations by the con-
. tobacco and bread they were given quest of the Indians of that river
presents and the Governor made but we do not know how they lay
them a speech, which pleased them claim to the Southern lands."
very much. After all this they de- Here we again see that subjuga-
parted. tion of the Susquehannocks is proved.
17S8-Lands From the Mouth of the 17S8-An Indian Deed for Lands on
Susquehanna River to be Bought. Susquehanna.
In Vol. 4 of the Col. Ree., p.' 87, In Vol. 1 of the Penn. Archives, p.
, at a Council, it was stated that it 494 there is set forth under the date
was advised the, Indians and whites of 1736 a deed from the_ Sachems of
ought to confer and treat about the the Onondagos, Chiefs of the Sene-
purchase of lands and that as the cas, Chiefs of the Cayoogoes, Chiefs
Indians signed releases to Penn -for of the Oneidas and chiefs of the Tus-
all the lands lying between the caroras, which sets forth as follows:
Mouth of the Susquehanna and Ke- "Whereas, the late Proprietary of
kachtanlum Hills, and that It now the Province of Pennsylvania, Wm.
remained to conclude on the amount Penn, Esq., soon after arriving in
of goods to be delivered. Here we his province, took measures to have
are further Informed that the Land the River Susquehannah, with all
purchasing has not ceased to cause the land lying on both sides of the
some trouble. same, purchased for him and his
1788-.\ Reference to the heirs of those Indians of the Five
IDg of the by Nations Inhabiting in the Province
the I'lve Nations. of New York, who claimed. the p'p'y
In Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec .. p. 93, at thereQf and according did purchase
a treaty held at Philadelphia, at them from CoIl. Thomas Dungan for-
which some of the Five Nations were 1 merly Governor of New York, and
present the question of these Sus- pay for the same, Notwithstanding
Digitized by Coogle
329 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS . A . ~ D
which the Indians of the Five Nations awl blades, 120 Combs, 2000 needles,
aforesaid, have continued to claim a 1000 flints, 24 looking glasses, 2
right In and to the said River and pounds of vermflllon, and 100 Tin
Lands; nor have those claims been pots besides 25 GalJons of Rum, 200
hitherto adjusted, whereupon, the said pounds of Tobacco, 1000 pipes, and
Sachems or Chiefs having with all 24 dozen of Gartering, by the said
tbe others of the said Nations Met Proprletalrles, John Penn, Thomas
the last summer at their great Coun- Penn and Richard' Penn, well and
cn, held in the Countrey of the said truly paid and delivered unto the
Onanda.v:oes, did resolve and con- said" chiefs aforesaid before the de-
clude that a flnal period and Con- livery of these presents, they acknowl-
cluslon should be put to all Disputes edge themselves to be satisfied and
that might possibly arise on that oc- they, for themselves, and all the Five
casion; and have appointed the Nations, the Tyannuntasacta HllIs, or
aforenamed Sachems or Chiefs as confirm unto the said John, Thomas
Plenepotentiarles of all those nations and Richard Penn the following
to repair to Philadelphia In order to lands, to wlt:- "All the said River
confirm the Several treaties of Peace Susquehannab, with the lands lying
which have hitherto been concluded I on both sides thereof, to extend
between them and the said Province; Eastward as far as the heads of the
and also, to Settle and Adjust all Branches or Springs which run Into
Demands and Claims that have been the said Susquehannah and all the
heretofore made, or hereafter may lands lying on the West side of the
be made, touching or concerning the Susquehanna river to the Setting of
aforesaid river Susquehannah, and the Sun and to extend from the
the lands lying on both sides there- mouth of the said River Northward,
of; and ye said Sachems or Chiefs up the same to the hills or mountains
of the Five Nations aforesaU, having called In the language of the said
for' themselves and on behalf of the Nations, tbe Kekkachtananin Hills,
said Nations, renewed and ratified o.r Endless Hills, and by the Delaware
tbe said treaties of Friendship and I Indians, tbe Kekkachtananln Hflls,
Peace substituting between them and I'togetber, also, the Islands In the said
the said Province, did afterwards River, Ways, Waters, Watel'courses,
proced to treat and agree wltb the Woods, Underwoods, Timeber and
Honorable the Proprietors tbereof, Trees, Mountains, Hills, Mines, Val-
about the said river and lands, Now leys, Minerals, Quarries, Rights,
know ye, that in consideration of, Liberties, Privileges, Advantages,
the premises aforesaid and of the Hereditaments and Appurtenances
several quantities of goods herein thereunto belonging, or In any wise
mentioned, viz: 500 pounds of pow- appertaining;" and tben they further
der, 600 pounds of lead, 45 Guns, 60 say If the Indians any time hereafter
Strowd water match Coats, 100 demand any property, "to the said
Blankets, 100 dume match coats, 200 River Sasquehannah, lands on both
yards of half-thick, 100 shirts, 40 sides of the same, Islands contained
hatts, 40 pairs of Shoes and Byckles, therein, Hereditaments and premises
40 pair of stockings, 100 hatchets, hereby granted and released, nor any
500 knives, 100 boughs, 60 kettles, part or parcel thereof, but. of and
100 tobacco tongs, 100 Scissors, 500 from the same shall l'e barred and
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COTTNTY H ... J)IAN TRIBES SSD
forever Excluded by these Presents; Britain, etc." The deed Is then
and that tbe said Proprietaries, John signed by twenty-six Chiefs and wlt-
Penn, Thomas Penn, and Richard nessed by seventeen witnesses. This
Penn, their heirs, successors and deed is recorded in the OMce of Re-
assigns, shall, and rightfully may, cording Deeds in Book G., Vol. Ii, p.
from time to time., and at all times 277.
and seasons, forever hereafter, quiet- 1788-A Release for the Same Lands.
ly and peaceably, have, hold. occupy, On the 12th day of October, 1736,
possess and Enjoy, all and singular, the various Indians above mentioned
the Said River Susquehannah, and made or executed a release in addi-
the lands lying on both sidE'S of the tion to the former deed, which deed
same, and a\1 the Islands therein, was made on the 11th of October and
with the Hereditaments granted and in their release also embodied a
released, with their and every of treaty. This release and ireat,y are
their appurtenances, Without the Let, as follows:
Trouble, HInderance or Molestation "We, the Chiefs of the Six Nations
of the said Kaklskerowane, Tayun- of Indians, the Onadagoes, Isanun-
hunty, Caxhaayn, Kuchdachary, Saw- dowans or Sinnekas, Cayoogoes,
ceyatecos, Sachems or Chiefs of ye Oneydas, Tuscaroras, (in behalf also
Nation of the Onondagoes; Kanlch- of ye Caylngoes or Mohacks), who
hungo, Tagachskaholoo, Sagoayaton- have "lately at Phl1adelphia by our
dackquas, Ashcoalaax, Hetquantag- Deed In writing dated the eleventh
echta, Sachems or Chiefs of the Sene- day, of this instant, October. released
kaes; Saguehsanyunt, Sunaratchy, to John Penn", Thomas Pe:nn and
Kanawatoe, Tecochtseegherochogoo. Richard Penn, Proprietors of Penn-
Sachems or Chiefs of the Cayoogoes,; sylvania, and to their Heirs and Suc-
Sallscaquoh, Shecalamy, Tahasbwan- I cessora, ALL our Right, Cla.1m. and
garoras, Sachems or Chiefs 0 f the Pretentions whatsoever, to all and
Oneydoes, and Sawantga and Tyeros, every thl' lands on 'ooth sldm' of the
Sachems or Chiefs of the Tuscaro- River Sasquehanr.ah, from Ytl mouth
ras, or any of them, or any others of thereof as far Northward or up the
the Indians of the Five Nations afore-/ sald River as that Ridge of 1:1111s
said, or any other person or persons called the Tyonlnhackta or Endless
claiming or to claim the same, or Mountains, Westward to the Setting
any part thereof, by, from or under of the Sun, and Eastward to the fur-
them, or any of them, according to therest Springs of the Water'! running
the true Intent and meaning of these Into the said River, Do hereby fur-
Presents. ther declare, that our True intent
In Witness whereof the before and meaning by the sald writing was
named Sachems or Chiefs, for them- and Is to Release and we do hereby
selves and on behalf of all the People more expressly release, to the said
of the Five Nations aforesaid, have ProPlietarles, their Heirs and Suc-
hereunto set their Hands and Seals, cessors forever, All our Rights, Claim
the Eleventh day of Octobe!", In the and Pretensions whatsoever, to a\1
year of Our Lord One Thousand and every the lands lying within the
Seven Hundred and Thirty Six, and bounds and limits of the Government
in the Tenth year of the Reign of of Pennsylvania, Beginning Eastward
King George the Second, over Great of the River Delaware, as far North-
Digitized by Coogle" ....
ward aB the said Ridge or Chain of
louniidlidf3 as tiey thy:
Coentry Peokleylvadid, fron:
ward and to the West.
,Ay,ed lidtther WI' ll:we midC:e thy,
Cemest 1 :::aguf3 of FneiddshK witC
TACANNUNTY,
CAXHAAYN,
TCNANOHliNGO,
OSCOTAX,
SAWUNTGA,
TYIICHRYGERECHGO,
our Brethren of Pennsylvania. and SARISTORQUOH,
becc:mid .as Pe:e:e}:e wirC them, SIInKELFFylY,
do C::reby I:'omi:c:: and :engage: CSJklRADWEISFFFF, Int:e: prete:',
for ourselves and our Children and The above release and treaty may
CPll:'iren, FFllat ::f:tther noy lYe fou:ul in 1 the
noY U):y in ttuthorltl: in Na, :chive::, 4'l'i and mal:
tions, w1ll at any time bargain, sell, found in Vol. 5 of the Col. Ree., p.
Ay)l:nt Of: WAy wean:c :oake tty 219.
pe::::oo or leerSOO) wh::I:mever, 11S1-IIdian
White men or Indtans, other Mombert in his History of Lancas-
tEllyn bI the y::td Pyoprietm'::, thI t::r Cc::u:rety, 19, uin:s uc: goo::l
CPUdreu of WLkt::m PreCHY, or deal lnterreretlng lnrnrmatPw abill:'
sons by them authorized and ap- the Indians and' their religion. He
poluted agrup ,or reculuu the tdls the :,uuer cuutnms W:cus
usn:e, ac:u lands :::ithh: the Hmtts oiC mhich they hc:ye hy wors}': p thY,lr
the Government of Pennsylvania, and God.
ts bouc:ded FForth::::t,:'h Wmy ths 1i311-iLl:ttlan P0opredatlY,ns COAtS,-
Goyermsnt of Yo:'k anti hylhany, stogo_
but when we are willlng to dispose In Vol. 1 of the Penn. Archives, p.
any ,:,H'ther sb<hts lanh ::::ithin 5'7, hsmuel GlunstY,n mads the
saki tLmitcs Pec:c:syhauite, wu l::winu ytateo:eot ae to In:11:cn out
will dispose of them to the said rages:
hhRliam Penn'e Rhlld:'Y:n anh no "To the Houotable the P:'c:,prietm',
pt::unns wh;:tsoetUr, the Gresi:1:::nt Cmmcil
In Witness whereof we ha\e in Be- humbly Represented,
of OUy ,Nation: signed thi:: Th!l;t
rmther wdtinp: being distin:Ttld read On hnnday l:ght an 2:ccidtnt
and interpreted to us by our Friend happened which has given us some
CtYnrad illnser, Twtnty Fifth day trouble, About eleven o'clock at night
Octohee 173b, fmo Indtans Samn::k Beth
Witness (an interlineation of seven- el's house and asked for drink, one
teen words being first made between of them having a naked knife in his
8th 9th llr:es.) 1':and, r::d wtth, some diffic::lth Sa:T:'
ANYNSSQUASHUH, his mark uel's wife (he being in bed) per-
ANYHARUNGQUAS, swaded them out of the house and
CANWACH,
HA YNaIEN'rA:
JOSUNSUDAN ,
JOSUNLONSENET,
HANUKHUPGO,
HATQUANGGGUHGG,
GAHISKEROW ANO,
GECICIACK:Y Hr2RY,
TAIiNGHWGNGAI:
fastened the Dc::or, :::h::n im:::ediatelt
one of them with great violence
darted a Board through a Glass win-
dow thy, Houy::, whLeh as
ha;ppened did no other damage than
breakind the window, Samuel Bethel
was a:::l::::::p, but ther:: being othet
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY TRIBES 332
men in the House, viz: Daniel sou-, crime would require. That the
therland and John Judson, they went Friendship between our people and
out to prevent their doing further I theirs might remain most firm. I
mischief, whereupon one of the In-l also informed that this man was seen
dians with the knife wounded Sou-I to carry a naked sharp pointed knife
. therland in the BellY and cut the in his hand before he did the Mls-
Caul so that his Bowels came out, and chief, a.od that I had often scen their
immediatelY turned to the other man people go among ours with sharp
and stabbed him in the Breast, which pointed naked knives, which practice
wound, though deep, slanting down- I thought they would do well to dis-
ward kept on the outside of the courage. I further let them know
Bone. so that wee hope that neither that I would write an account of the
of the wounds are mortal, though affair to the Proprietor, the Presi-
both of them, especiallY Southerland, dent, and Council, and desired they
are yet very ill. On MondlW morning should me know what J should
several people of the Town went af- say from them, to which after a short
ter the Indians and brought one of consultation Sukaw on behalf of
them back and some of their people himself and Weyewas, their King.
went after the other but could not (who was here) made answer, that
find him.. The Indian that was taken all the IndlaQs who were here (ex-
they secured In our Prison, till we I cept themselves) were young foolish
could know whether the wounded I men, with whom they could hold no
men would recover, and yesterday we I Council, therefore desired 1 would
sent some people to the Indian Town I write an account of the a1fair to you,
where they found severa.l of the In- and when they received your letter
dlans In great surprise,' our people they would call their Old People to-
let them II;now they were come in a gether and take Counsel of what was
friendly manner to Invite them to a proper to be done, and having before
conference about the matter, and they delivered them the Prisoner, when
agreed to meet me here today, which I wee had done they asked whether he
they hllive accordingly dono. What might go along with them, lO which
I said to them was of this effect, viz: we agreed, and they departed. It
That I was come to meet and speak seems unnecessary for me to observe
with them about an abuse committed anything hereon, except that the
by two of their Young men on some charge which will arise on the occa-
of ours without any provocation given sion, for nursing the man, and to the
on our part, that when first our men Surgery and other expenses neces-
were wounded wee thought they sary, ought in due time to be de-
would have died, and therefore se- frayed, but we know not without
cured the Indian we had taken untill your advice where properly to apply.
we could speak to them and acquaint I am with Due Respects,
them with It, but that now we were Your assured !<'riend,
in hopes our People wonld recover SA. BLUNSTON.
we released the Prisoner and de- Lancast., March ye 8th, 1737-8."
I1vered him to them, for that we did 17S7-Shawanese ExcIted Because the
not intend to punish him for the Senecas Sell Us Land.
offence but expected they would make In Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec., p. 234,
such reparation as the nature of the at a Council held In Philadelphia,
Digitized by Coogle
%33 ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
"The President then laid bp.fore the so contiued until of late years; that
Board a Message to our Proprietor for the benefit of hunting they had
from the Chiefs of the Shawanese at removed to a greater distance and
Allegheny, accompanied with a String some of the Nation are now settled
of Wampum, which being read is in above Shamokin on Sasqllehannah
Ilubstance, that they are strongly and the Greater Number at Allegheny
solicited by the French, whom they who are those trom whom the Proprl-
call ,their Fathers, to return to them; etor received the aforesaid Letter, on
that every year they send those In- the subject of whom It was adso re-
dians some Powder, Lead and To- marked, that for these several years
bacco, to enable them to withstand the French have been endeavouring
their enemies, the Southern Indians, to gain those Indians for preventing
by whom they have often suffered, which they are Invited, by Messages
and were last year attacked In one of dispatched to them in the winter of
their Towns; that they are gott so 1731, to return to Sasquehannah
far back that they can go no further where III large and convenient tract
without fall1ng into their enemies' was laid out for their accommoda-
hands or golnp; over to the French, tion. Some of their Chiefs came the
which they (the Shawanese) say they year after, with whom the Govern-
would wllUngly avoid; that If they ment renewed their treaty of Frlend-
should return to Susquehanna, as I ship and they returned In all appear-
this Government has often pressed,/ ance highly satisfied which their
they must starve, little or no game Messages since hlilve also confirmed;
being to be mett with in those parts; that It might be very improper, on
and therefore as our Brethren and I this last message from them to send
AlUes, with whom a frlend.;hlp has powder and Lead because they have
ben established by the Treaty held thought fitt to ask them, yet as the
between their King Opetha alias practices of the French on those In-
Opes sa, and our first Proprietor, they dlans, if successful, may prove ex-
request that we will furnish them tremely prejudicial In a case of a
with some arms and ammunition for I rupture with France, all possible
their defence against their enemies, means ought to be used to prevent
and to secure their continuance at Al- their defection and to keep them at-
legheny. tached to the British Interests; and
Upon conisderlng what the Sachims as they appear to be in some dread
of the Mohocks had represented to at present of their Enemies, the
Mr. Clark, It was observed that the Southeran Indians, between whom
claim of the Shawanese on the Sas- and all those to the Nortllward a
quehanna to those lands lately re- Peace Is now meditating by the Inter-
leased to our Proprietors Is entirely cession of the Governour of Virginia,
new and without any manner of the present juncture may be a very
foundation, those Indians having I proper one for inviting the Chief Men
never before made the least preten- of those Shawanese to visit us and
slons of the kind; that they were at renew their Treaties with us, and
first admitted Into this Province likewise for concerting such other
about forty years since at the Desire measures as may be most expedient.
of the Conestogers, they were suf- The Board are therefore of Opinion
fered to settle amongst them, and had I that a proper Message accompanied
Digitized by Coogle
334
.
with a Small present within Ten great surprise about to leave the
pounds Value, should for this end be County because of their men was put
dispatched by the flrst convenient to prison on account of this killing
ipportunity to those Chiefs, &Jld it is and it was therefore decided to send
Recommended to the President to or- a letter to Blunston to be laid before
der the same accordingly." the Indians and their Chiefs at Con-
Here we see that not only were estoga. The letter is found p. 281
efforts made to get the Shawanese of the same book and is as follows:
back to Susquehanna but that a large
"Philadelphia, March 14th, 1737-8.
tract of land was also prepared here Our Friends and Brethren:
for them to settle upon again, but On receiving an account of the late
they would not do so. barbarous action committed by two
17118-The Indians Protest Against of your young Men in Lancaster town
Rum. upon the persons of two of our People
Our Indians, formerly of Lancas- we are very much concerned for the
ter County, but now of Allegheny, folly and wickedness of it, and say
this year sent a protest against the thus to you upon that Subject:
use of Rum, found in Vol. 1 of the You are fully sensible that by the
Penna. Archives, p. 549, as follows: I many past treaties between you and
"This day we held a Council, and us it is in the flrmest manner estab-
itt is agreed by the Sheynees in Gen- lished and agreed that we should be
eral, that whatever Rum is in our all as one people; that wrongs done
Towns shall be broak and spilt, and by any of either side should be ra-
nott Drunk, and whoever shall bring dressed and the offenders Ilunished
any rum or any sort of strong Liq- without any distinction, and you well
uor into our Towns, Indian or white know that when any of our people
man, let it be more or less, itt shall have taken the Ufe of an Indian, the
be a\1 broak and spilt in the presence guilty persons have been put to death
of the whole towns, wheresoever it for it as If the injury had been done
is brought, and four men is appoint- to one of ourselves without any dif-
ed for every town to see that there is ference; therefore, when any of
no rum or strong Liquor brought in- yours are guilty of any such crime,
to our Towns, and to have it four we do expect they sha\1 in like man-
years, a term from date." ner be punished for it; and in all
This is signed by one hundred In- cases of this nature we consider the
dians and among Peter Chartier, a guilty person only, If he be a Chris-
half Indian, and several others whose tian; no other Christian or white
names we have met from time to man is put to any trouble; and in the
time. same manner if he be an Indian, we
nBS-A Message Sent to Conestoga do not account any other Indian an-
swerable for it but the gu1lty one
About the Murder By Indians only, and he alone is to be punished;
There. only this Is to be remembered, that
In Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec., p. 280, if any of our People commit a crime
the letter from Samuel Blunston, and fly for it, our OMcers and people
which we have cited above was taken search after them and must flnd
note of by Council. It Is also set them, and cause them to be kept in
forth that ~ h e Indians being under prison until they can be prosecuted
Digitized by Coogle
335
ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS .AND
and punished; but If the offence Is selves their friends should help
not Murther or some such grievous them to do It. for them, till by their
crime.. we sometimes let them have own diligence In hunting, they can
their llberty out of prison, when one make Satisfaction; the;), like-
or more good men will become bound wIse faithfully promise to behave
for their appearance, and wll produce themselves well and peacefully to-
or bring them forth when called by wn:-ds all our p"nple fOI the future,
the Government, to be punished that no just cause of further com-
either In their bodies or to be flned plRlnt may he givt'n them.
In a sum of money to make satisfac- And on this occash'n we would de-
tion for their offence, and this meth- sire you to caution all your young
od we perceive our Omcers and good ml'n to comf' amongs'. us amt our
friends, Samuel Blunston and the people with any dangerous weapons,
the young Man whom they seized for that all further mischief .nay be
committing that cruel act on persons aVOIded, for we, must live friendly
who had done him and his compan- and peaceably together; we are to
ion, who had fled, no manner of Harm take care that none of our People
but were endeavoring only to re- shall hurt yours and you must take
strain their violence and make them the like care that none of yours be
quiet after they had broken the win- disorderly or hurt you, either white
dow of a house to pieces, without any men or Indians. And as we can not
provocation. doubt but in this and all other cases
This proceeding of Samuel Blun- you will shew yourselves true and
ston and the other Magistrates you good men, by faithfully performing
must, without doubt beUeve. was an what you have repeatedly engaged by
act of great Mild;ness towards you, your treaties with us,. we desire that
and such as would scarce have been you who are innocent may not be un-
shewn to any white men In the like der any fear or apprehension, for we
case. You can not however, but well should not think you accountable
know In yourselves, that if either of more than our own people, the white
our wounded men should die of their I men that inhabit there, and in this we
wounds those who gave the wound desire you to rest satisfied, and are
should sulfer for it in i.hE: saue man- Your true friends and Brethren,
ner as if a white man had done the In behalf of the Proprietor and the
Act; and if this should happen, we Council,
JAMES LOGAN."
shall expect that n.}t only the Young
man whom our Omcers seized and I 178D---Shawanese Chiefs at Con-
have since trusted to your keeping, estoga.
but the other also who has fled, shall In Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec., p. 336 it
be apprehended, and be deliv- is stated that six chiefs of the Shaw-
ered up to be punished; but if the anese Indians with twenty-one others
wounded pe.rsons recover, as we hope came to town and the minutes of
they will, those two olfenders be- their Council and the treaty of 1732
sides making satisfaction to the suf- was read and also a treaty made be-
ferers, should pay all the charge of tween William Penn and some of the
their cure and of nursing and keep- Shawanese Chiefs in 1701; and Logan
ing; and if the two Indian Young was desired to prepare a speech for
men are not able to do this of them- them. In this speech he said among
Digitized by Coogle
other things that since your nation Thomas Penn and Richard Penn,
Drst left and settled near Paxtang on Esqrs., true and absolute Proprietar-
the West side of Susquehanna and ies of the said Province of' Pennsyl-
went so far away to Ohio we desired vania, and Counties of New Castle,
a conference with you. Logan then Kent, and Sussex, on Delaware, sons
went on to speak about their history. of the Honorable William Penn, Esq.,
and about their coming Into this Drst grantee and Proprietor of the
Province and several other things, said Province, In behalf of aU .the
but as we have stated It all hereto- English and other Christian of the
fore we w1ll not repeat it. A new said Province, on the one pa:t. and
treaty however was made, In which Kaycowwocker, Newcheconer, Tom-
the treaty of the 23rd of April, 1701 enebuck, Meshemethequater, Chiefs
was again rehearsed to them and it of the Nations of Shawanese Indians,
is set out in full in this book but as in behalf of themselves and the whole
we have it In a former item we w1ll body of people of the said Nation
not repeat It either. The following dwell1ng on the great river Sasque-
note however, was added to the treaty hannah, as ~ l s o on or near the great
by Logan. He told them that he river called Ohio, otherwise Alle-
could see here what engagements gheny river, or in other part of
their ancestors had made and that we America within the claims of the
had always kept ours or part of it
but that they had not kept theirs.
They made a reply the next day and
said they would have come to Phila-
delphia before but that they were
grieving about some of their people
that had been k1lled and then they
gave the reasons why they left us
and went out West. They say that
they remembered that they were In-
vited to come back two years ago and
they were very thankful for the Invi-
tation but that they will not come
back again. They were given large
presents, however, and a new treaty
was made with them. The treaty Is
found p. 346 and is as follows:
"Be It at all time to come remem-
bered that on the First day of Aug-
ust in the Year of our Lord, One
thousand seven hundred and thirty
nine, and the Thirteenth year of the
reign of King George the Second
over G'!'eat Britain, etc., at the City
of Philadelphia, and the Province of
Pennsylvania, it was concluded, stip-
ulated and fully agreed upon by and
between the Honorable John Penn,
king of Great Britain, on the other
part in manner following; that is to
say, that the Union and Friendship
now so happily subsisting, shall be
maintained, cultivated and improved
by and between the subjects of the
Bald King of Great Britain inhabiting
America and all the people of the
said Shawanese Nation, in all times
to come, and that the same shall be
inviolably preserved without any Let,
obstruction or interruption while the
Sun, Moon and stars endure. That
all the several articles agreed upon
in Philadelphia the twenty-third of
April, In the Year One thousand
Seven Hundred and one, by the said
William Penn, and the said Nations
then dwelling on or near the said
River Susquehannah, of whom the
said Nation of the Shawanese, under
their King Wopaththaw, alias Opes-
sah, was one, now read and Interpre-
ted to the said Shawanese shall be
inviolably observed In all and singu-
lar the parts thereof by all and every
the Parties to these Presents.
And whereas, the Shawonese hav-
Digitized by Coogle
337
ing left their former habitations, are I Then being told that having now
now for the benefit of their hunting i finished what we had to say, they are
removed to much greater distances' at liberty to return home when they
from the Christian Inhabitants of the should have sumclently refreshed
said Province than formerly they themselves, and tha,t a wagon should
were at the time of entering into the be ready to carry some of the Old
said agreement, they, the said Shaw- men and Baggage a part of the
anese, do hereby, for themselves and way, some liquor being likewise ca11-
the rest of their Nations, solemnly ed for; they are wished a good Jour-
promise and engage, that always ney, and having drank, withdrew."
bearing In mind the said Articles and 17S9-Strange Shawanese Customs.
Covenants entered Into by their An- In Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec. p. 342,
cestors they, wherever they may be the Shawanese say that it Is their
settled, shall behave on their parts custom to put deer hair on the
as true friends and Brothers to the graves of their dead. They made the
Christian Inhabitants of the said folowing statement:
Province, and wlll not by any motives "Being come where our Brothers
or persuaslves be Induced to join died we have taken a little Deer's
with any Nation whatsoever who hair to put on their graves, and mis-
shall be in enmity with the Subjects sing a brother (meaning the Gover-
of the Crown of Great Britain in any nor) we take a little more Deer's
Acts of Hostility against them. Hair to cover his grave. They then
In witness whereof, the said Tho- present three bundles of Deerskins."
mas Penn and the Honorable George 1742-Another Treaty Held With the
Thomas, Esquire, Lieutenant Gover-
nor of the said Province, and Kay-
cowockecor, Neweheoner, Tomene-
buck, Mesbemethequater, the Chiefs
of the Indians above mentioned, have
hereunto set their hands and seals
the day and year first above written.
Signed, Sealed and Delivered in the
Presence of,
JAMES LOGAN,
SAMUEL PRESTON,
CLEMENT PLUM STEAD,
SAMUEL HASELL,
Counselloul's.
KAASHAWAGHQUILLAS,
PALAKACOUTHATER,
MARCOTTA WCOLLO,
Indians.
THOMAS PENN,
GEORGE THOMAS,
THOMAS FREAME, Jr.,
KA YCOWOCKEWR,
NEWCHEIONER,
TOMENEBUCK.
THOMAS LAWRIE, Sect.
GEORGE MIRANDA,
Interpreter.
Fhe Nations: Conestoga Indians
Present.
to 586 a long treaty with the Five Na-
tions was held. It included many
items but on p. 570 the following
proceedings concerning the Susque-
hanna Lands came up:
"We have further to observe with
respect to the lands lying on the
West side of the Susquehanna, that
though Brother Onas (meaning the
Proprietor) has paid us for what his
people possess, yet some part of that
Country have been taken up by pers-
ons whose place of residence is to
the South of this Province, from
whom we have never received any
consideration. This affair was rec-
ommended to you by our Chiefs at
our last Treaty aud you then, at our
earnest desire, promised to write a
letter to that person who has the
Digitized by Coogle
auhority over those people, and to I 1742-The Five Nation Speaker at the
procure us his answer. As we have AboTe Treatr Threatens the
never heard from you on this head, Delawares.
we want to know what you have done
in it. If you have not done any- At the above treaty a speech was
thing we now renew our Request, and given by Canassatego, the leader of
desire you will inform the person the six Nations, which may be found
whose people are seated on our in Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec., p. 578, in
Lands. that the Country belongs to us which he says that he has heard that
in right of conquest-We have the Delaware Indians claim some land
bought it with our blood; and taken along the Susquehanna which the
it from our enemies in fair war; and Five Nations sold to the whites and
we expect as owners of that land to he says to the Delawares who are
receive such a consideration for It as \>resent, that they know their ances-
the land Is worth. We desire you tors Bold that land fifty years agQ and
will press him to send us a positive that Bome years ago the Delawares
answer; Let him say yes or No; if he themselves ratified the sale and their
BayS Yes, we wlII treat with him; If own letters have been laid on the table
No, we are able to do ourselves Jus- before us now and we know that it is
tice, and we wlII do it by going to true. They have examined the papers
take payment on ourselves." and the drafts with their own eyes,
This treaty was held in July, 1742 and then he says as follows: "We see
and Conrad Welser was present as with our own eyes that they have been
the Interpreter. ,The Indians pres- very unruly people and are altogether
ent consisted of thirteen Onondagoes in the wrong with their deaUngs with
nineteen Cayoogoes, fourteen AnaY-, you. You have concluded to remove
Its, three Senecas, twenty-two Tus- them and oblige them to go over the
caroras, five Shawanese, four ancient l River Delaware, and to quit all claim
Conestogas and four modern Cones- to any lands on this side for the fu-
togoee, also set forth 'as being Nan- ture, since they have received pay for
tikokes or Conoys and ten Delawares. them and it is gone through their guts
1742-Names of the Conestoga In- long ago. To confirm to you that we
dlaos at the Philadelphia Treaty will see your request executed, we
lay down this string of wampum In
of 1742.
among the Ust of Indians present at
the great treaty there are given the
following four Conestogas as those
return for yours.
Then turning to the Delawares,
holding a belt of Wampum In his
hand, he spoke to them as followeth:
that speak the ancient Language. Let this belt of Wampum serve to
Perhaps they are the old Susquehan- chastlze you; you ought to be taken
nocks 01' their Heirs and descendants. by the hall" of the,. head and shaken
They are Dior-haasery, Chif, Thanlgh- severely till ,.you recover your senses
wageran, Car-ha-cawy-int, and Caien- and become sober. You do not know
quUy-quoh. And the modern Cones- what ground you stand on, nor what
togas, which are set down as also you are doing. Our brother Onas's
being both Nantikokes and Conoys h
are named, Des-Scheg, Igh-qua-que- case, is very just and plain, and is
heck, Quesamaag, and Ayiok-his. I pretensions to preserve friendship;
Digitized by Coogle
339
ANNALS OF TIlE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
on the other hand your case Is bad, much greediness as Lewd women re-
your heart far from being upright celve the embraces of bad men. And
and you are maliciously bent to for all these reasons we charge you
break the chain of Friendship with to remove Instantly. We do not give
our Brother Onas. We have seen you the Uberty to think about it.
with our eyes a deed signed by nine You are women; take the advice of
of your ancestors about fifty years a wise man and remove immediately.
ago for this very land, and a release You may return to the other side of
signed not many years since by some Delaware where you came from, but
of yourselves and Chiefs now llvlng we do not know whether, consider-
to the number of 16 or upwards. But Ing how you have demean'd your-
how C'lme you to take upon you to selves, you will be permitted to live
sell Land at all? We conquered you, there or whether you have not sWal-
we made women of you, you know lowed that land down your throats as
you are women, and ~ n no more well as the land on this side. We,
sell land than women. Nor is it fit therefore, Assign you two places to
you should have the power of selling go-either to Wyoming or Shamokin.
lands since you would abuse it. This You may go to either of these places,
land tllrlt you clnlm if' gone through and then we shall have you more
y.1l\1' guts You h:n'f' I'een furnished under our eye, and shall see how you
With Cloath Meat auei drink by the behave. Do not deliberate, but re-
G:)c.ds ]-1.1<1 ~ ' o u fIJI' I;. and now you move away and take this belt of
want it al!,ll.in \ilee children as you Wampum." We. may notice here
are. But \"bat nwkee: you sell land that the Delawares' were forbid to
In th'3 t.ml"k:' Jiid you ever tell us come to the treaty at Lancaster in
that you had old thill land? Did 1
1744
, See Vol. 1 of the Penna. Arch-
. ives p. 657.
we ever receIve any part, even the
vaule of a pipe Shank from you? 1743-Tbe Shawanese Break One of
You have told us a bIlnd story that TheIr Agreements
you have sent a messenger to us to In Vol. 3 of the Votes of the As-
inform us of the sale but he never sembly, p. 517, Governor Thomas
came amongst us, nor we never heard says the Shawanese in spite of their
anything about It. This is acting In many treaties with them are not to
the dark; and very dilferent from be trusted, they are beginning to
the conduct our Six Nations observe show their strong liking for the
in their sales of land. On such Occa- French. And in Vol. 4 of the Col.
sions they give publick notice and Rec. p. 630, their depredations are
Invite all the Indians of their united set forth in an affidavit of Thomas
Nations, and give them a share of
the present they receive for the
Lands. This is the behavior of the
Wise United Nations, but we find you
are none of our blood. You act a
dishonest part not only in this but
In other matters. Your ears are ever
open to slanderous reports about our
McKee of Lancaster County, in which
he says that the Indians of the
Shawanese from an island in the
river called "Big Island" came to his
store on the South branch of the
Susquehanna and robbed it and that
part of them, about thirty came
down to Susquehanna on canoes
to John Harris's and from there
Brethren. You receive them with as travelled on foot down towards Mary-
Digitized by Coogle
land. He says they stopped and I his subjects have alwise possessed
asked John Hogg, one of the Lan- the Province of Maryland free and
caster County Magistrates and asked I undisturbed from any claims of the
him for a pass and used him very Six Nations for about One Hundred
badly. Ye8.l's past, and your not saying any-
1743-IndJan Excleiment A.bout Lan- thing to us before convinces us you
caster Ti)wn. thought you had not any pretence to
In the American Weekly Mercury any lands in Maryland, nor can we
of June 9, 1743, the following item yet find out to what lands or under
occurs: what title you ma.ke your claim. For
"The beginning of this week a re- the Susquehanna. Indians by a treaty
port came to town that the Indians about Ninety years hence (which is
had cut off most of our traders and on the table and will be interpreted
yesterday we had an account from to you) give and yield to the English
Lancaster that they came to Skohoo- Nation, their heirs and assigns fo.r-
nioty o.r Jeniaty (a place within the ever. the greatest part (if not all) ot
limits ot this province but without thE' Lands we possess from Pa.tuxent
the Purchase) and destroyed s e ~ e r a l River on the Western, as well as
white fam1Ues that were settled from Choptank River on the Eastern
there; but as the former proves to side of the great Bay Chesapeake,
be false. it is hoped the latter will be and near sixty years ago you ac-
found to be so likewise."
1744-The Great Indian TreatJ at
Lancaster.
. knowledged to the Governor of New
York at Albany, that you had given
your lands and submitted yourselves
to the King of England.
In Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec., pp. 698 We are that Gl'eat King's subjects,
to 737, the minutes of the great Lan- and we possess and enjoy the Pro-
caster Treaty are set out. This vince of Maryland, by virtue of his
treaty was with the six Nations and right and sovereignty thereto.
the main subjects discussed were dis- Why, then, will you stir up and
putes conoerning lands in the back quarrel between you and ourselves,
parts of the Province and some dis- who are as one man under the Pro-
putes with Maryland and Virginia. tection of tha.t King?
The Governor of Pennsylvania at- By these Treaties we become
tended the treaty, all tbe Commis- Brethren; we bave alwise lived as
sioners of Maryland and the Com- sucb, and hope alwise to continue so.
missioners of Virginia; and Conrad We need not put you in mind of the
Weiser was the Interpreter. While T.reaty (wbich we suppose you bave
tbis treaty was beld in Lancaster bad from your fatbers) made with
town, none of whicb proceedings the Province of Maryland nearly
concerned Lancaster County, tbere- Seventy years ago, and renewed and
fore, we sball not give it much confirmed twice since that time.
space In these annals; but p. 704 the We bave this further to tlay, that
bistory of tbe land purcbases of Lan- although ye are not satisfied of tbe
caster County from the Ind!ans and Justice of your Claim to any Jands
also the land on tbe lower part of tbe in Maryland, yet we are desirous in
Susquebanna came .uP and the Gover- sbewing our Brotbers kindness and
nor told tbe Indians tbat, j affection, and to prevent (by any
"Our Great King of England and reasonable way) every misunder-
Digitized by Coogle
341 A..1I,jNALS OF THE SUSQUEH.A1I.'NOCKS A.. ... D
standing between the Province of I saw what sort of people, we were so
Marylllllld and you our Brethren of I well pleased with them that we tied
the Six Nations. I their ships to the Bushes of the Shoar
For this purpose we have brought I and afterwards liking them stfll bet-
hither a quantity of good. fo.r our I tel' the longer they stayed with us,
Brethren of the Six Nations, and I and thinking the bushes too slender;
which will be delivered you as soon II we removed the rope and tied it to
as we shall have received your an- the trees, and 116 the trees were liable
swer and made so bright and large a to be blown by hoigh winds, or to
fire as may bum pure and clear decay of themselves, we, from the
whilst the Sun and Moon shall shine.
affection we bore them, again remov-
We have now freely and openly bid ed the rope and tied it to a strong
and laid our bosoms bare to you, and and big rock (Here the Interpreter
thlllt you may be the better conftrmed said that H'ey mean the Oneida
of the truth of our Hearts, We give Country), and not content with this,
you this belt of Wampum.
Which was received with the Jo- fo.r its further security we removed
hah. .. the rope to the Big Mountain, (Here
The next day Cannaasatego made a the Interpreter sald they mean the
reply, which is found in the same Onondago Country), and there we
book, p. 706, and in the reply he says: tyed it fast and rolled wampum
"Brother, the Governor of Mlllry- around it, and to make it still mo.re
land: secure we stood upon the wampum
When you mentioned the affair of and sat down upon it to defend it,
the Land Yesterday, you went back and did our best endeavors that it
to old times, and told us you had might remain uninjured forever dur-
been in possession of the Province of ing all the time; the Newcome.rs, the
Maryland about One Hundred Years; Dutch, acknowledged our rights to
but what is one hundred years in the lands, and solicited us from time
comparison to the length of time our to time to grant them parts of our
Claim began ?-Since we came out of I Country, and to enter into League
this Ground? For we must tell you and Covenant with us, and to become
that long before One hundred years one people with us?
Ou.r ancestors came out of this very After this the English came into
ground, and their children have re- the Country a.nd as we were told, be-
mained there ever since. You came came one people with the Dutch;
out of the ground in the Country tha.t about two years after the arrival of
Iyes beyond seas, there you have a the English, and English Governor
just claim, but here you must allow came to Albany and ftnding what
us to be your elder Brothren, and the great friendship subsisted bt'tween us
lands to belong to us long before you and the Dutch, he approved it might-
know anything of them. It is true ily, and desired to make as strong a
that above one hundred years agoe league and to be upon as good terms
the Dutch came here In a ship and with us as the Dutch were, with
hrought with them several goods, whom he was united, and to become
such as awls, knives, hatchets, guns, one people with us, and by this fur-
and many other particulars, which ther care in looking what had passed
they gave us, and when they had I between us he found the rope which
taught us to use these things, and we tyed the ship to the Great Mountain
Digitized by Coogle
was nnly fastsnnd witt WampPlB, I to be nur goott fulend, pttvised
which was liable to break and rot in orde.r to prevent Ona.s's or any
and to pe.rish in a course of years, he other persons imposing upon us, and
therufupp told that he would ttive that might zdways h;;ve our land
when shoul;fwant it, put it
WR;d Wi ,;h1 last his llands a,.nzt told us, de wnuld
keep it for us and for our use, and
the hhiD neve, UI;en hi, hends, but keep thhlB
eve, ,i;;ce. we CIOSi shut, antt e;ot p8!rI wtth antt
small ttli'ferem;;;;; with it but at ou.r request. llccordingly
and during these misunderstandings we trusted him, and put our Lands
these ooung men would, by way into hiz,; hande, and ch;;r,hed him to
reproe",%;, be e,ery now and keep safe uur m;z; but
tellihg us thut shOuld have time after he went away to Engl"mi
ished if they had not come into and carried our land away with him,
Countrttand fu.rnished us with and the.re sold it to our Brother
stromdu and HhY;lhets Guns Onal, a sum mon ;y
other things m;;;e,sary the and when, at the inst;m;;e of
port of life. But we always Brother Onas, we were minded to
them to understand that they sell hi;ll some lllnds, he told us that
mist;;llon, that lived Illfore we ;lold U;n i;usquei;;;nna,h land;;
came amongst and all well o.r alre;;,1Y to the Governor Hew Ylu'll,
ter, if we may believe what our fore- and that he had bought them from
fathers have told us. We had then I him ill Engl;;nd, though when he
rOOZI; enough plell1n of Di'" I camll undel';;Zind hom tte Gonez;
whkh was ee,lly onndht, I nor Hew Ynik, dad dz;;;eted us,
though we had not Knives, Hatchets very generously .paid us for our
or Guns, such as we have now, yet lands over again."
we knives stone hatch;;tn He furU;,':;' llaid a;; the
of and and ;;z;n>wS about ikonestot", "We ,u',w
these se.rved our uses as well then as nearer home. We have had your
the Engl!sh ones do now. We are deeds interpreted to us, and we ac-
now z;traitenllzl :nnd ,nmetimes knowlnhte them be g ;Oll and
want deer, llnd liablll to m,lBy and the llonzYstogon Sasqm'
other inconveniences since the Eng- hannah Indians had a right to sell
Ush came amongst us, and those lands unto you, for they were
ly that 8!Ild their'i hut that we hllvv
tablv (1 conqnem;d thezlA, and Count;'o
now belongs to us, and the lands we
you an demanded satisfaction for are no part
Onas, great wllile ago, ;;ame h; of lands ;;ompriz;;d in thllEJ;;
bany buy dusqu;;h;;,;H;ah deedl,-they aT;; the C;;hm;goront;;EJ
of us, but our Brothers, the Gover- lands. Those we are sure you have
nOor of New York, who, as we suppose, not possessed one hundred years; no,
had a gall;,1 underht;;z;ziing nOor ten h;;YzTS; amI we mu.d;;
our lll'other advis;;d us not our hEJilli;nd sn sonn as hnew YOur
sell him any lands, for' he would people were settled in those parts.
make an !\l use of it, and pretending These have never been sold but re-
343
main still to be disposed; and we al e
well pleased to hear that you are
provided with goods, and do assure
you of our willingness to treat with
you for those unpurchased la.nds, in
confirmation whereof we present you
with this Belt of Wampum."
Tbis treaty lasted from the 22 of
June till July 4, 1744. The Sessions
were held in the old Court House
which stood in Center Square at Lan-
caster, and during the treaty mention
Is made that the Indian goods were
left In the lower room and the pro,
ceedings held in the lower room of
the Court House and that Canas sat-
ago, the Indian orator stood on the
platform when he made his speech;
and that Tachanoontle a.lso made cer-
tain speeches on the 29th of June. A
deal board was brought in Rnd draw-
Ings of the land in dispute were
made upon it by Canassatego. Sev-
eral other Indians also spoke and
among them Gachadow, who spoke
Joined in. It is then stated that the
Commissioners of Virginia gave Can-
assatego a sCll>rlet camblet coat and
took their leave of them in form and
at the same time deUvered them pass-
es. The Commissioners of Maryland
presented Garachadow with III broad
gold laced hat and took their leave in
the same manner; and this ended the
great treaty.
17U--Wftbam Mars be's Comment on
tbe Treaty and on Lancaster as
He Found It In 1744.
Witham Marshe was the Secretary
to the Commissioners of Marylalld
during the treaty of 1744. He kept a
journal and jotted down in It the
particulars of the treaty and aiso his
Impressions of the town and his ex-
periences. The particulartl of the
treaty ~ e have set forth above from
the Colonial Recards but the other
matters which Marshe speaks of are
also highly interesting and we will
give them in this arUcle. Ths Jour-
with a loud voice and appropriate nal is found in the Historical Society
jestures, illS It Is stated in the treaty. at phildelphla. It was reprinted by
The meeting of July. 2 was held in the New Era PubUshlng Compnay
the house If George Sanderson in in 1884 edited and annoted by Dr.
Lancaster and one of the Sessions I Egle. From the diary I find the fol-
think, in the Lutheran Church; and lowing minutes:
everything passed off well. The In- He says among other things, "We
dlans, It is stated, were camped out arrived at Lancaster and put our
along the Conestoga Creek on both horses at Peter Worral's hotel or
sides of what is now Rocky Sp.rIngs tavern (that was later the Cross Keys
and adjacent grounds. Some com- Tavern' on West King street.) We
plaint was brought in that they had dinner which was a great com-
barked the walnut trees and the fort; and a room with two beds, one
Council paid for them. They asked for myself and the chaplain.
the people of Lancaster to repa.ir Later Calvert, Craddock and myself
their pans and kettles, which was went into and viewed the Court House
done. At the end of the treaty on of the town. It is a pretty large
July 4, they asked for some wine to brick building two stories high. The
drink the health of the Great King of great .room where the Justices of the
England, and they suggest that it County hold the Court is very spac-
should be in big English glasses and ious. There is a handsome Bench.
not little French ones. After this I which is railed in, wherein the Judges
they gave three loud Huzzas and all sit and a chair In the midst of it
Digitized by Coogle
where the P.residlng Judge sits. Be- Israelites, who dwell very conslder-
low this Is a very large table of half ably In this place.
oval form. Around this and under The spirit of cleanliness has not as
their worship's feet the County Clerk yet in the least troubled the major
and the chief attorneys of the Court pa.rt of the people; for they are In
sit. general very great s-s and slovens.
Fronting the Justices' Bench and on When they clean their houses which
both sides of it are several long steps is very seldom they are unwilling to
or series of platforms raised each remove the fllth away from them-
above the other like the steps leading selves for they place it close to their
into the North door of St. Pauls. On doors, which in the summer time
these steps stand the chief creditars breeds an innumerable quantity of
and spectators when a court Is held bugs, fleas and vermin.
there. It was on these that the In- The religions which prevail are
dian chIefs sat when they treated hardly to be numbered. They were
with the several Governments. The Catholics who built a church of
Court House is capable to contain square logs and the inters paces fllled
about 800 persons without incommod- with clay. In this church is a small
ing each other. organ good for very little and played
We then went up stairs to the room worse on by the organist.
overhead. This Is a good room and The sect of Lutherans have a church
has a large chimney. In this the Jus- and this is more spacious, but built
Hces sit In the February Court for by stone and much larger than the
the convenience of fI.re. Ajolnlng this other. The minister is a gentleman
is a similar one where the Jurors are of good power and he keeps the con-
kept to agree. gregatlon in good order. The minls-
On top of the Court House is a kind ter of the Dutch church is paid ac-
of a cupola. We ascended a ladder cording to the will of the hearers and
and got into it, and from hence we in the manner In which the sermons
had a complete view of the whole please them; but has no certain
town and the Country several miles stipend. The clergyman of the
around; and likewise part of the Church of England sometimes oM-
Susquehann.a River twelve miles ciates in the Court House, there
away. being no church built by them. There
This town was not begun to be built are also a great number of Presby-
until about 16 years ago. It Is con- terlans and Jews in this Colony.
veniently laid out into sundry streets The houses for the most part are
nnd nne main street; in the midst of bunt with and covered with wood, ex-
which stands the Court House and the cept some few which are built of
Market. Through this street runs stone and brick. They are generally
the road Into the back Country on to low seldom exceeding two stories.
the Susquehanna. There are several There are hills which Invll"en Lan-
cross streets on ea-ch side of the I caster . and likewise some thick
main streets which are Indifferently woods, which In the summer render
well bunt as to the quantity of hous- It very hot. The soil is thin, dry and
es. sandy; and when a fresh wind blows
'fhe Inhabitants are chleJly High it slmost chokes the Inhabitants.
Dutch, Scotch Irish and some few The water here is very bad and
English famiUes and unbelieving e Is occasion to buy It. The
Digitized byCoogle
345
.ANNALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
Springs and even the wells being I Tachanoontla Is the greatest Chief
stored with limestone. and the greatest warrior the Five
They have a very good market here
well filled with provisions of all
kinds and prodigiously cheap. Our
commissioners and their Company
supped at Warrall's and passed away
an hour or two very agreeably; after
which I returned to b ~ d and had not
slept long when I was attacked with
legions of Dutch fleas and bugs which
were ready to devour both me and
the mInister. During the next night
Mr. Calvert left the Lodgings and lay
In the Court House chamber among
the young Gentlemen of Vl.rgInia, who
there had beds made upon the fioor.
On Friday during our dinner the
Six Nations with their followers and
attendants to the number of 252 a.r-
rived. Several of the Squaws with
some chlIdren rode on horse-back,
which Is very unusual. They brought
Nations ever had, becanse either his
father or mother was a negro. Most
of them understand English but they
cannot speak It. We went to see them
and after a whlle they began to paint
themselves and look frightful. They
.rubbed bear grease on their faces and
then laid white paint In them. Then
we went to the Court House and the
IndIans came between five and siJ:(
o'clock accompanied by Conrad Weis-
er. Governor Thomas seated himself
In the chair on the Bench and the
Commissioners were seated around
about him; and the treaty began.
On Saturday after breakfast the
Governor, the Commissioners and
some other gentlemen went to the
Dunkel's' Nunnery about twelve miles
hence. They returned about six P.
M. (This was the Ephrata Cloisters).
fire a.rms, bows and arrows and tom a- After supper on Saturday I went to
hawks. A great concourse of people the IndIan camp and saw a light war
followed them and they marched In dance (The IndIan camp Is said to
very good order with Canassatego at have been where the old Conestoga
their head, the Chief of the Ononda- Park was located). At thIs dance 30
goes, who when he came near the I or 40 young men formed themselves
COll.rt House, where we were dining Into a ring, a fire having been lighted
sang In the Indian language a song In the middle, an elderly Indian sat
Inviting us to a renewal of all the near the fire beating a drum to the
treaties. time of the dances. The Indians hop-
Conrad Welser conducted them to ped around the ring and .repeated
some vacant lots In the back part of
the town, where boards and poles
were placed.
Of these and some boughs of trees
the Indians made their wigwams
where they resided during the treaty.
They will not ever on any occasion
"Yohah" and "Bugh," and soon after
the major part set up a horrid shriek
or halloo. They continued several
hours and seldom rested. Once they
sat down and the three old men sang
a tune.
dwell or even stay fro any house A Conestoga or Susquehannock In-
bul1t by white people. dian stood outside the circle and beg-
They placed their cabins according ged the people to' give him money for
to the rank, which each nation holds the children of the Indians which was
in Council, the Onondagoes at the '
head. I done. Some high Dutch ar.rived with
Canassatego and Tachanoonta, each I gUns, which being perceived by this
about 60 years Old, but nimble and Conestoga, he said it would oftend the
lusty, lead In everything. I Indians; and he told us to tell the
Digitized by Coogle
Germans to withdraw or leave their tt name) were in general very
guns 6ut of sight and they quIckly agreeable. The dancers consisted of
dId It. Up to thIs time none of the Germans and Scotch Irish. But there
Indian chiefs had got drunk. were some Jewesses who had not long
On Sunday, June 24, Mr. Craddock, since come from New Yo.rk that made
my fellow townsman held dvine ser- a tolerable appearance, beiag well
vices in the Court House. Between dressed and of an agreeable behavior.
one and two o'clock all dined in the There was a large and elegant sup-
Court House and another mInIster of per prepared in the Court House
the Church of England preached in Chamber, of which the Governor,
the Court House that afternoon. In some of the Honorable Commssloners
the evening we went to the Indian and the female dancers first ate; then
camp again. All were dancing as be- the other gentlemen in ord8l'; and af-
fore. terwards the younger gentlemen. Tpe
Monday evening we had a grand dances were concluded at twelve
supper in the Court HO\lse and the o'clock but myself and several young-
Governor of Pennaylvania got very er set staid till after one.
merry and all the company followed Thursday, June 28th, in the even-
his example. During the merrIment ing, about seven o'clock, accompan-
two Germans happened to pass by the ied by Commissioner Nathaniel Rigby
Court House with harp and !iddle and I went to the Indian cabIns; and col-
played some time under the wlndow'llected a crowd of papooses together
Then the Governor ordered them to and flung handfulls of half pennies
come In and amuse us, which they among them. They scrambled heart-
dId; but not with the harmony of their Uy and this pleased the older ones. A
music for that was very uncouth and great number of white people wit-
displeasing; but playing a tune of nessed the war dance this night. I
some sort to a young Indian who went to a cabIn where I heard the
danced a jig with Andrew HamUton celebrated Mrs. Montour sing. She
(Andrew Hamilton was a son of the was a French lady but now was sup-
Great Andrew the celebrated lawyer posed to be an Indian, having been
and attorney general). taken by them in her youth and so
At eight o'clock on Wednesday long lived with them. She mar.ried
evening I went with our. Honorable a war captain of the Indians and had
Commissiiners to a Ball in the Court two beautiful daughters. She was re-
House, in the chamber, to which his ceived by the best famflfes in Phlla-
Honor, the Governor of Pennsylvania, delphia. Her husband was dead.
the Commissioners of Virginia and On F.riday evenIng, June 29, I went
Maryland, and the gentlemen of the with Col. Rigby and others to meet
several colonies, with sundry inhabi- Dr. Adams who had got an organ; but
tants of the Town were invited. it was with the greatest difficulty
James Hamilton the P.roprietor of that we could get him W play a tune.
Lancaster, made (gave) the Dall; and The music was very bad and we suf-
he opened it by dancIng two minutes fered In hearing it. Dr. Adams had
with two of the young ladies here, in been a wild young man but was now
which the ladles danced a wilder very pious.
time than any of the Indians. The On Saturday, June 30th, the Chiefs
females, (I dare not call them ladies I dined at the Court House at our lnvi-
for that would be a profanation of I taUon. A,large numbe.r of neople were
Digitized by Coogle
347
preBent; we had flve tableB and a opened in the ridge of thEt Blue
a great variety of diBhes and they Mountains which extendB a great
were served up in good order. The way to the SouthweBt of Virginia
SachemB Bat at two Beparate tableB and NortheaBt of Pennsylvania.
at the bead of one of the famouB ora- WITHAM MARSHE."
tor ConaBsatego. And tho otherB 1744-Tbe Conoy Indfan8 Stfll Claim
were placed according to their rank. Land In Oblo.
We carved tbe meat for the IndianB Among the proceedings of the
and served tbem with cider and Great Treaty the following is found,
wine mixed with water. The chiefs p. 724, spoken by Conassatego:
semed prodlgiouBly pleased wth thlB "The Conoy Indians have informed
feast for they fed lustily, drank UB that they Bent you a Message
heartily and were very greasy before sometime ago to advlBe you that
they flnished their dinner for by the they were m used by the White
by they make no use of forkB. The People in the place where they had
health of the IndlanB and of the com-, lived, and that they had come to a
mlsBloners and the Governor were resolution of removing to Shamokin,
drunk. and requeBted some Bmall satlsafc-
On the evening of July 4th, a flne tlon for their land, and as they never
gold laced hat was presented to have received any answer from you,
Grachadodow, a celebrated warrior they have deBired us to speak for
then about forty years old. He was I them. We beartlly recommend their
a straight limbed and graceful per- case to your GeneroBlty. and to
Bon; but not so fat as Conassatego. weight. to our Recommendation we
His action when he spoke certainly p.resent you with this String of Wam-
was the most graciouB as well aB bold pum.
that any person ever saw, without the Which was received with tbe us-
buffoonery of the French or over sol- ual ceremony."
emn deportment of the Spaniards. 1744-The Cone8toga8 at the Great
When be made the complimentarY Lanca8ter Treaty.
speech on the occaBion of giving The Colonial Record Account does
Lord Baltimore the name of Tocarry- not mention the names of the Chiefs
hogan he was complimented by the and IndianB at the-Lancaster Treaty,
Governor who said he would have but in Vol. 1 of the Penna. Archives,
made a good flgure in the forum of pp. 656 and 7 the names appear and
old Rome. And Commissioner Jen- among them we flnd twelve of the
nlngB declared that he had never Conestogas that are said to be the
seen so graceful an action in any of Conestoga Indians tbat speak the an-
the most celebrated orators he bad cient language and therefore were
eve.r heard Bpeak. likely twelve principal men of the
At twelve o'clock on July 5, the old Btock of Conestogas there. Tbls
accounts were settled and we dined begins to sbow the pathetic flgure of
at WorraI's and immediately after- tbe Conestogas and how tbey are
wards mounted our borses and went dwindilng. The other Indians pres-
from this flItby town to our kind face- ent were 20 Onondagoes, 26 Cayoo-
Uous landlord Mr. Hughs at Notting- goes, 12 Oneidas, 4 Senecas, 16 Tus-
ham township by the Gap Toad, so caroras, 10 Conoys and a few other
called frolD space or gap being minor tribes.
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES :.l48
17M-The Delawares Come to Phila-
delphia to Treat.. The Conoys
a treaty held In Phlladelphla,
1744, found In Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec.,
pp. 746 and 747 among other things
it is stated that the Conoys have
moved higher up too but nearer ns
(the and we now take
this opportunity to Info.rm you of It.
17M-The Shawanese Not On Good
Terms With the Five Nations.
Have Moved.
be found In the American Weekly
Mercury In the Issue of April 26,
1744. This gives us an incite into the
Indian dlmcultles at this time.
1749.-Peter Chartier Has Gone Over
to the French.
In Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec. p. 757, it
was stated that an amdavlt was
made by Peter Chartle.r's servant
that Peter had accepted a milltary
commission under the French King.
The Governor was informed of this
and he said If he had been punished
In Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec. p. 739, as dese.rved for the report he
the Governor making a report to spread two years ago among our In-
Councll of the business done at the dlans and tried to sUr them up to go
great treaty at Lancaste.r, says, that to the French, he would not have
they have renewed solemn treaties of been at liberty at this time; and that
friendship and that they are going to the perfidious blood of the Shawanese
send down the murdere.r that mur- runs In Pete.r's veins.
dered Armstrong, the trader, near
Lancaster. The Gove.mor further :1740 - The Five Nations Say We
says that he observed lhat there was Should Have Made War on the
only one Shawanese present at the Shawanese.
treaty and that he was from the
principal town in Ohio. And that he
Inquired Into these and he found
that the Shawanese and the Five
In Vol. 4 of the Col. Rec., p. 782, at
another treaty held this year some of
the Six Nations were present and
among other things they said that we
should have made war against the
Nations we.re far from being on
friendly terms with each other.
1744-The Delaware Indians
Shawanese when we found they we.re
KfII going to leave; but the Governor an-
John Armstrong, a Lancaster swe.red this by saying that he would
Indian Trader. not have done this without first con-
In Vol. 3 of the Votes of Assembly. suIting the Five Nations, and this
p. 546, it is stated that John Arm- pleased them very much. Conrad
strong, an Indian Trader, was kllled Weiser had been sent on an expedl-
near Lancaster and his wagon robbed tlon to the Five Nations and he re-
of his Indian goods. And it seems ported that afte.r a Council with
the newspaper report which them was ended the Black Prince in-
may be found In the American Week- vited all present ; including himself to
Iy Mercury for 1743 and 1744 that a dinner and at the dinner they had
this kllling grew out of a horse plenty of hominy, dried venison 'I:1nd
trade In which Armstrong had got- fish. And that after dinner they were
ten the better of the Delaware In- se.rved with a drink all around; and
dlans and the Delaware Indians whlle at dinner they had several dls-
wanted him to trade back, but he coU}'ses about the Shawanese and
would not. An account of this may that the statement was made by
Digitized by Coogle
349 ANNALS OF THE SUS:lUEHANNOCKS AND
some of them that we should have Delawares turned against the Eng-
made war on the Shawanese and Ush to the French. Conrad Weiser
others differed from that opinion. in November of this year went to see
This Is the firllt mention of after him on business and found him in a
dinnu speeches among the savages, most miserable condition and hardly
of which we have any knowledge. able to stretch forth his hand be-
lUI}-Laneaster County to Be cause of the fever. Several of his
ProteetecL .relatlons were buried recently and he
was nearly at the point of death but
In Vol. 5 of the Col. Rec., pp. 1 Welser gave him some medicine and
and 2 it Is stated that the Indians he got up afterwards. He was after-
were preparing themselves. under wards a great help to Lancaster
County people.
the leadership of Peter Chartier to 1747-IndJus In une8llter from
come down on Lancaster County and
It was decided that notice should be Shamokin.
sent to the Inhabitants of Lancaster
Co. to be on their guard; and that
the Captain appointed over the mlll-
tla of that County should drill his
troops.
1746-The Whites and Indians of
Lancaster County to Arm
Themselves.
and 27 it is set forth In a message
from the Governor to the Assembly
that a petition from a considerable
number of the inhabitants of Lancas-
ter County has reached Philadelphia,
setting forth that they need arms
and ammunition and are not able to
purchase them and that they must
protect themselves from the Indians.
The Governor decided that he would
help the people of Lancaste.r County
to provide for themselves.
1747-Govemor Thomas Sick.
Is set forth that Governor Thomas
has been sick ever ~ I n c e he attended
the Lancaster Treaty three years be-
fore.
1747-An Old Indian Friend Shfek-
alamy Sick and Needs Mt>dJelne.
It Is seth forth In a letter !rom Con-
rad Weiser that at Lancaster he
saw ten Indians from Ohio on their
way to Philadelphia. They came
from Shamokin which was now the
seat of Indian disturbances and
which neighborhood was the fron-
tier. They reached Philadelphia on
or about the 13th of November (Set
p. 145) and they made a speech
which may be found p. 146. The
whole subject concerns happenings
not In Lancaster County. They were
loyal however. to the English and on
p. 147 they said among other things
that they desire to be furnished with
weapons, such as will knock down
the F.rench.
1748 - A New Proelamatlon Against
Seiling Rum to the IndJans.
In Vol. 5 of the Col. Rec, p. 194,
It Is set forth that rum sellfng has
become a great evil again among the
Indians and the Governor issued a
proclamation against the practice,
which may be found In that book
and same page. Presents wue now
ordered to the Indians amounting to
850 Pounds, (See p. 197).
1748-The Five Nations Ghe Another
Shlckalamy, one of the mnior Deed for Susquehanna Lands.
Chiefs of the Five Nations has been In Vol. 5 of the Col. Rec., p. 219
a great friend to the whites since the may be found a deed and release
Digitized by Coogle
made by the Five Nations for land on I Then certain other proceedings In-
the Susquehanna River, chiefiy on tervened It at the end of which the
the West side In the latitude of what following message was gIven:
Is now York County. "Brethren and Cousins that live on
1748-The Nautlkokes Haye Now Susquehanna River: We send you
In Vol. 6 of the Col. Rec., p. 22,' a
statement is made showing that the
Nantikokes Indians who formerly
lived In the neighborhood of the Con-
oys, have now moved up the Susque-
hanna River to the Mouth of the
Juniata.
1748-The Six Nations Command the
Susquehanna Indians To Take
Up the Hatchet.
In Vol. 6 of the Col. Rec., P. 284,
the followIng report was made by a
paper presented by Mr. Weiser:
"MEMORANDUM taken the 13th of
June, 1748.
this string of wampum; and desire
you to have your ears open and be
on your guard; we also desire you
wlll with all speed carry this our
Message from town to town untfl it
a.rrlves at Schohonyady. This was
accordingly done-the said Message
came to Shamokin on the 9th In-
stant, and the IndIans met in Shika-
lamy's House. It was delivered by
a Delaware Indian that lives on
Wayamuck or Seahantowany. The
Indians on Shamokin dispatched it
immediately to Schohonlhady afore-
said, though the Sun was just down."
1748-Log Town the First Town
From Lancaster. '
. Last night ar.rlved at my house
we find this statement Is made, "A
Ganataraykon, Sogogocklather, Ach- letter from the Shawanese and some
noara, Kattake, and Sanagarnet, of the Six Nations dated at Log
sent by Shikalamy to inform me that Town on the road from Lancaster to
a Message from the Six Nations (In Allegheny was read."
the Cajucka---) to the following I cite this Item to show that the
purport. I first Indian town out of Lancaster
"Brethren and Cousins, You that was Log Town at this date and it
llve on Susquehannah River and seems to me to be very far west, at
elsewhere. any .rate it helps to show that the
"We let you know that our Breth- Indian frontier was now moved to
ren, the English have sent a mes- the central part of Pennsylvania.
sage to us to Inform us that the 1748-Councfl Fire to Be Held at
French had come to live on this Lancaster.
side the lake and threaten destruction In Vol. 6 of the Col. Rec, p. 290,
to the Six Nations as well as to the we find it set forth that It Is the in-
English, and that the.refore, it was tention of various Indian tribes to
requisite our Nation In concert with hold a large Council fire at Lanca8-
. the others should take up the Eng- ter.
llsh Hatchet and exert themselves 1748-Another great Treaty Held at
against the French. To encourage LanCaster.
us, therefore, they gave a large Belt In Vol. 6 of the Col. Rec., pp. 298
of Wampum made In the shape of a and 299, It Is set forth that the
hatchet and told us further that the Twigttwees Nations are now visiting
English cried out for help, having I Lancaster with the divers chiefs of
suffered much by the F.rench. So the Six Nations In Qrder to enter Into
fa,r the English Message." a treaty.
Digitized by Coogle
This treaty was held beginning the ilaid before the Board by the Secretary
19th of July, 1748 and lasted until (after deducting the value of the
the 23rd and is found In Vol. 5 of the presents from the Indians) amount-
Col. Rec., pp. 307 to 319. It Is stated Ing to the sum of 169 Pounds, 18
to have been attended by several sh1llings and 0 pence, and as all the
members of Council, Magistrates and sums, excepting such as were dls-
inhabitants of Lancaster County, 55 bursed by the Secretary himself by
Indians of the Six Nations and also order of the Commissioners, were cer-
Indians of the Delaware, Bhawnese, tlfted by Mr. Webster, they were ap-
Nantlkoke and Twlghtwee Tribes. It proved and It was resolved that they
Is obse.rved here that the Conestogas should be laid before the Assembly
were not present. They seem to have with a proper message to recommend
dwindled to so small proportion as the Immediate payment of them."
to not be taken account of any The credits against the above debt
longer. The treaty was held In the were 39 Pounds, 2 shillings and 8
Lancaster Court House according to pence, leaving a balance of 140
the accounts In the Col. Reco.rds and I Pounds, and 18 shillings.
the subjects under discussion did not 1749-The (}Gnoys, Though Removed,
concern Lancaster County locally I Stfn Claim Their Old Lauds at
but had to do with the question of I Conoy.
admitting the Twightwees into the In Vol. 5 of the Col. Rec., p. 390,
League of Friendship and it looked one of the Chiefs who came to the
also toward securing the friendliness Philadelphia treaty from the Six
of the Shawanese and Delawares Nations said:
again. The particulars of the treaty "Brethren:
are found p. 316, In a certain Instru- As we were coming here the Conoy
ment and they state that the said Indians gave us this String of Wam-
Twlghtwees are accepted by the pum, thereby putting their case Into
Commissioners on the part of Penn- or hands which we unde.rstood to
sylvania as good friends and allies Speck to. It seems when the proprie-
and the Twightwees agree that they taries bought the land between the
will act sobe.rly and be faithful to Delaware and the Susquehanna from
the English. This seems to have us, the tract, as they told us, on
been the whole business of the which the Conoy town stood was re-
treaty. served out of the grant on account of
1748 -Shawanese Pardoned and those Indians. then living there, and
Taken Back Into the Fold. when they should quit it they were to
In Vol. 5 of the Col. Rec., p. 323, have a conside.ration paid them for it.
it Is set forth that the pardon so I This we think they are entitled to, as
earnestly sought for by the Shawa- they have left the land and live
nese and their submission and ap- among other Nations at Juniata; and
darkness. as they tell us that they never have
1748--Expense of Lancaster Treaty. received anything for the land, we
recommend it to you to see them paid
In Vol. 5 of the Col. Rec., p. 327, Here he gave the Conoy's String."
the following is set forth as the ex- We notice in this item the Conoys
p e . ~ s e of the Lancaster Treaty: I st1l1 insist that they own the land on
The accounts of the expenses of the Susquehanna at the old Conoy
the late Treaty at Lancaster were town.
Digitized by Coogle
ThH Governor however, told the Six
NaUoaa' aapreeentatlves that thII
Conoys do not qwn that land any
looge+', T:h,s ms be found in NoL
of the Col.
ing on the East side of Sasquehanna
am thnugh we :havs no diruetiosIu
from the P.roprietaries (who are now
in Englund, #,0 tWIat nsth gou, get
we judged it for their benefit and for
"Bseth+en, none resU an ansnser puhkick gooh not reject the
Assuehqua, who gave this String in fer rou have thought proper to make,
hehalf' nf the Cnnoy Indians. wo send yon WO+'Ih bh the RntespretnI'
sorry to say that these Indians have that we would not treat with you
++Iierepsese++ted T,he rect, ror the nena pnrIIhaaa, bnt thp
iniormation have received from the same time we gave you to understand
Psppriflor'e offiep, this land, wCIich WP coulb by no nseane ace++de
but a small piece where IfIen town your proposal in the manner you had
stood, was not reserved IInt IIf thais' UnIited it, tane land Infag
geant+I of the hmd +fold by the bix thE' Side of the Sasquehanna, as
Nations: but at time the Conon In fIn' as Nhomas NcKf,e's, heCau+fe ynn
Ilians befnn IIIIsirnsIs cnntinnf' must be sensible that as the head of
there, prevailed with the six nations riner SIIhuylkHl lI,fs pot far frons
to ask thie as favnr frnm the Pl'I" tf,e Sasquehanna, and not far from
prietaries, while they (the Conoys) the head of Schublkill there ope
temainod it, tnd thelr inetanIfe Of lhe main branches of the River
the Proprietaries granted them this Delaware, and that tha Delawel'e
faeor, lind then minht fave Iive+l dilms, the last treaty, had granted
there till now; but as they choose I the Jands frf,m this braneh tn vel'f
I to
ingl { to go to Juniata or elsewhere. on a Draught, by which it eppearr
Nnu enn but kaew U&e Na' that all yon oilrr mnunttlnOus,
tions have frequently desired the broken and poor land, you must knnw
Broprletarlet nnt hI' giVe mOney thttt is e.ot worth our accebtanlfo,
any tributary nations for Land, and but we added if you would extend
these ConnplI aT,f su,fh tOey woolh yoor ohler gn mOK'n Northerly
have reason to find fault with the Sasquehanna as far as Shamokin, and
PwprlatarIaa shuuld they pap thaf11 that thr trkSf," mIght llarry its hraadth
anything, especially as they have al to Delaware river, so that we could
rtady dven to the Slll Nationr in anp manner justib nursefves
uable consideration for it; I confirm the Proprietors, we would close and
this bp a lltdng of tihamlmm." glpe you a just eonsideration fnr tha
1749-A New Grant of the Land Be- lands. On this you held a council
[,Weele thIl Sn10hnehppna pnd ..BJeia,
ware Rivers by the IndJans
tlflfl EPlllisI.
In Vol. 5 of tOe Bol. tiac.,
lid 4h7, we find the rollnminll:
"Brethren:
We llavo taken ,fImsixk,l'atfon
your offer of the sale of some land ly-
anb mede a e+c'cO%?<l you
would sign a deed to the Proprieto.rs
fur aH that Tract 0. Laucill llell
within the following bounds, viz:
tiz12/in?<i.llg th10 KiLkchhinny Hln10,
where your last purchase ends on
frum tJlen,fn th10
COursell of the HJver llasQuehanna to
the first Mountain North of the creek,
353
called In the Onondago Language Can-
tawhy, and In the Delaware Lan-
g u ~ e Makoonlahy, on the said River
Sasquehanna, this Is the Western
Boundary; then for the North Bound-
ary by a straight line to be run from
that Mountain to the main Branch 01
Delaware River, at the North side of
the Mountain of Lechawachseln, so as
to take in the waters of Lecshawach-
saln; the East Boundary to be the
River Delaware from the North of the
Vlskll to the Klttochtiny; the South
boundary to be that range of the lClt-
tochtinny Hills to the place of be-
ginning, togethe.r with the islands in
the River Saaquehanna and Delawaxe
In that Compass. Having received
this second offer, though neither In
this Is there any considerable
quantity of good land, yet in regard
to your Poverty more than to the
real value of the Tract we sent you
word that on your Signing a deed we
would pay you the 'sum of Five Hun-
dred Pounds."
1749-The Indians Wound Adam Fur-
ney at Lancaster.
It is stated that, "An Indian this last
Summer came in a rude manner to a
substantial Housekeeper of Lancaster
County, one Adam Furney, and de-
manded, rum of him; h.,e gave him
some but because he refused to give
him more, he withdrew a small space
and having his gun In his hand ready
loaded he shot him In the Breast, and
he lay a conslde.rable time III of his
wounds, being expected to dye every
day. On this the Indian was appre-
hended and committed to Ja1l, but the
man recovered, contrary to all expec-
htion, and the Indian was the other
day released."
17iO-A Conference With the Cones-
toga Indians.
is stated that proceednigs from Mr.
Weiser about conference held by him
with Mr. Montour, some of the Sha-
mokin Indians and also the Conestoga
Indians, were read as follows:
"At a conference held with the In-
dians at Mr. Croghan's in Pennsboro
Township, Cumberland County, on
Thursday, the 17th day of May, 1750.
PRESENT:
Rh:hard Peters, Esq., Secretary;
Conrad Welser, James Galbreath,
George Croghan, Andrew Montour,
Tach - nech - doarus, Saluchtowano,
Catara dlrha, Tohomady Huntho, a
Mohock from Ohio.
George Stevenson, William Wilson,
Hermanus Alrlcks, Esquires.
Sal-uch-to-wano spoke as follows:
Brethren:
We were In hopes of giving the Sec-
retary a Cheerful Welcome Into this
pa.rt of the Country; but we have just
heard a piece of bad news which has
Interrupted our Joy, that one of the
principal men of the Province Is
taken away by a sudden death, a
wise Counsellor and a good friend of
ours. He pleased, therefo.re, to con-
vey to the Governor our Expressions
of Sorrow on this Melancholy Occa-
sion and let this String of. Wampum
serve to comfo.rt his heart and wipe
away the tears from his eyes till
this great loss shall be supplied by
some fltt person to succeed him.
Then Catara-dlrha, on behalf of the
Conestogoe Indlaus, spoke:
Brethren:
When the Six Nations sold their
Land on 'Sasquehannah to the P.ro-
prletarles, the Conestogoe Indians
were then living In their town near
Lancaster, for which reason the
Placl:l where they lived was excepted
out of the sale. It will appear by
you.r records that they were to live
there as long as they pleased, and
when they should Incline to depart
Digitized by Coogle
they were to signify It .. to the Pro-
prietaries and receive a Consldera- Sir:
"Philadelphia, Nov. 15, 1753.
tlon; they are now IncUnable to I am favored with two of your let-
move nearest to the Other Indians ters, one by the Post of the ThLrd of
and according to the agreement al- September last, enclosing a copy of
ready made to the Proprietaries they the Indian Deed executed at Lancas-
rellHeEt ;vou to inform the GovernOor ter which I shall send to Mr. Welser,
of lIlelr intention. They want to sel1 at whose Instance I desired the
their Improvements and now make Copy, the other of the twenty-third
the Proprietaries the first offer of of October, by express enclosing a
them. . letter of the twenty-eighth of Au-
A String of Wampum. gust last from the Earl of Holder-
"Brother, the Governor:
Many of our old people are dead,
so that we are now left as It were
Orphans I n a destltut.e condition,
whlct. Inclines us to leave our old
Hab:tations. When we are ~ o n e 11\-
minded people may tel1 you stories
to (,ur Prejudice; but we assure you
that Distance wllJ not alter our af-
fections for you. Therefore, give no
ear t.o such stories. as we on our
part will not think you can lose
your regard fOor us, though there
are some whom would perswade us
that we are now not so much re-
garded by you as we have been:
From this Item we see that the
Conestogas now are very much
gronnd down and they now fear for
theIr safety lind al.'k per-mission to
move. According to what happened
later It would have been a wise thing
for the Government to al10w them to
move.
17M-A Nantfkoke In Lancaster
JaiL
It II.' stated that at the beginning of
this year one of the Nan!lkokes was
corr.mltted to tho pnsan at Lancas-
ter for abUSing a white girl. It
seems that such pressure was
b.rought to bear that he was soon re-
leased.
17iia-An Indian Deed Executed at
nesse, one of his Majesties' Princi-
pal Secreatarles of State, to whom I
shall do myself the Honor to w.rite
by a ship from this port, chuslng, as
my letter from hence may arrive as
soon as by the return of the Man-of-
War and the contents of his Lord-
ship's letter are of great moment,
to take some time In the considera-
tion of my answer."
17M-Another Purchase or Land
Across the Susquehanna BJyer.
In Vol. 6 of the Col. Rec., p. 111, a
conference was held with some of
the Indians, In which the following
report was made.:
"May It Please the Governor:
The first Indians that made their
appearance were from the Heads of
Sasquehannah as low down as One-
cquago, and by those who came Im-
mediately to visit the Commissioners
from Pennsylvania, as Indeed all the
other Indians did."
The report then goes on to state
that two Connecticut gentlemen
were in town trying to negotiate "a
purchase from the Indians for the
Sasquehannah Lands lying within
the latitude of the Connecticut char-
ter in favor of some prIvate persons
of that Government, and had with
Lancaster. them a thousand pieces of Eight and
In Vol. 5 of the Col. Rec., p. 700,/ were busy conferring with the In-
It Is stated that the following letter dians on this subject at the House
was written to Governor Dinwiddie: and thro' the means of M.r. Lydlus."
Digitized by Coogle
ariri
ANNALS OF T'rlE SI;SQUEHANNOCKS AND
17M-The Above PlIrehase Ineluded
the Governor Dungan Traet.
At the Great Albany Treaty of
1754 the question of the SusquehBJlna
lands again came up and to settle
the question the Six Ntalons made a
new deed and released all claim to
land on both sides of the Susque-
hanna River from the mouth up to
the endless mountains (Bee 6 Col.
Rec., p. 124), in which it is stated
that "Tahashwangoas was desired to
tell the Indians the m!lnner of a
former deed being executed, and he
declared that it was done pluckily
and of their own voluntary motion
as a testimony of their great regard
for the Proprietaries who had at that
very treaty given them a generous
proof of their upright dealings with
the Indians by paying a third time
for the Sasquehanna lands, having
bought them of Col. Dungan first
and then of the Sasquehanna Indians
and that he sawall the persons exe-
cute it with great willingness. Then
Hendrick and . the othe.r Indians
present were desired to look at the
Names of the Signers, and having
done so they acknowldged they were
all principal men among the several
tribes and being asked to confirm
and .ratify that deed and renew their
engagements to the Proprietaries
not to sell to ther persons any of
their lands, they one and all declared
It to be right, and desired that a
short deed might be drawn, which
was accordingly done, interpreted
and executed both which followeth
In these words:
DEED FROM THE SIX NATIONS TO
THE PROPRIETORS.
"We the Chiefs of the Six Nations
of Indians, Onondagoes, Tsanundow-
ans or Blnlckes, Cayoogas, Oneydas,
Tuscaroroes (1n behalf also of the
Canyingoes or Mohocks), who have
lately at Philadelphia by our deed in
writing dated the Eleventh day of
this Instant, October, released to
John Penn, Thomas Penn, and Rich-
ard Penn, Proprietors of Pennsyl-
vania, and to their Heirs and Succes-
BOrs all their right claim, and Pre-
tensions whatsoever to all the lands
on both Bides of the River Basque.-
hannah from the Mouth thereof, as
far Northward or up the said river
as that ridge of Hills called the
Tyoninhasachta or endless moun-
tains Westward to the Sitting of the
sun and Eastward to the fartherest
Springs of the water running into the
Bald river, do hereby further declare
that our true intent and meaning by
the said writing was and Is to release
and we do hereby mo.re expressly re-
lease to the said Proprietors theIr
heirs and Successors forever, all our
r l ~ h t , claim and pretensions whatso-
ever to all and every all the land ly-
Ing within the Bounds and limits of
the Government of Pennsylvania, be-
ginning Eastward on the River Dela-
ware, as far Northward as the said
Ridge or chain of endless mountains
as they cross the Country of Penn-
sylvania from the Eastward to the
West.
And further, as we have made the
firmest League of Friendship with
our Brethren of Pennsylvania, and
are become as one people with them,
we do hereby promise and engage for
our children and their children that
neither we nor they nor any in Au-
thority In our Nation will at any
time bargain, l1ell, grant, or by any
means make over to any person or
persons whatsoever (whether white
men or Indians), other thal.t to the
said Prop.rletors the children of Wil-
liam Penn or to persons by them au-
thorized and appointed to agree for
and receive the same, any lands
Digitized by Coogle
within the limit of the Government of I That your Petition being duly sen-
Pennsylvania II.S is bounded North- sible of the great Danger that our
ward with the Gove.rnment of New Province now is in by reason of such

York and Albany. But when we are cruel and merciless Enemy as We
willing to dispose of any further are now engaged with, we therefore
rights of land within the said limits desire to join with our friends and
of Pennsylvania we will dispose of neighbors in requesting your Honour
them to the said WiUiam Penn's to take our distressed condition into
children and to no other persons your considtl ation, and to put us in
whatsoever. In witness whereof we a condition that we may be able to
have in behalf of all our Nations defend ourselves, and we on our part
signed this further writing, being will join in all that we can do for
distinctly read and Interpreted to us the Safety of the Province; and your
by our Friend Conrad Weiser the Petitione.rs as in duty bound will
twenty-fifth day of October, 1736. pray.
Witness (an interlineation of sev- We empower our Trusty Friends
enteen words, benig first made be- James Galbraith, Esqr., and Thomas
tween the 8th and 9th Lines)." Foster, Esqr., to present to your
This deed then is signed by Honour in our Behalf.
twenty-two chiefs and on the back of WILLIAM SMITH,
it there is an endorsement that it WILLIAM ,ALLISON,
JOHN ALLISON,
was interpreted to them and they un- BARNEY HUGHES.
derstand all that it means and they July 26th, 1754.
do confirm the deed good and promise Signed by several others, being in all
Richard and Thomas Penn that Ninety-Eight Signers."
neither they nor anyone under their I On p. 132 of the same book there is
authority will ever grant any land to a similar petition of Paxtang, Der,ry
anybody but the heirs and assigns of and Hanover Townships' people who
the Proprietaries. This was done on then belonged to Lancaster County,
the Ninth day of July, 1754. I will not set that petition forth in
I7i4-Petltfon of Lancaster Coun- full as it is similar to the first one
tfans for Protection. and is sgned by fifty-seven signers.
In Vol. 6 of the Col. Rec., p. 131, 17ii-Dungan's Purchase Again Re
the following petition is set forth ferred To.
from the inhabitants of Donegal, In Vol. 6 of the Col. Rec., p. 255, in
Lancaster County: a letter from Governor Morris to
"Petition of the Inhabitants of Done- Governor Fitch, the following state-
gal, in Lancaster County, to the I ment is made:
Governor:. II "Sir:
To the Honourable James Hamil- Mr. Hamilton, my Predecessor,
ton, Esquire, Lieutenant Governor 'I having wrote fully to you and Mr.
and Commander-in-Chief of the Prov- Woolcott the late Gove.rnor of Con-
ince of Pennsylvania and Counties of necticut, .relating to a scheme form-
New Castle, Kent, and Sussex, on ed in your Province for purchasing
Delaware, the English and settling some lands
The humble Petition of Us, .the In- 'upon the River Susquehanna without
habitants of Donegal, humbJy the leave of this Government though
sheweth: within its bounds, I beg leave to re-
~ i g i t i z e d by Coogle
351
ANNALS OF THE AND
fer you to that letter and to lay be-I hannah; but as those lands are only
fore you Bome other matters from a part of the Province of Pennsyl-
whence you may judge of the Nature' vania, the six United Nations at. a
and consequence that attempt. trea.ty held In October, 1736, did sol-
You will, therefore, please to be in- emnly covenant and engage by In-
formed that about the year 1690 the strument, under the hands and seals
Indians then of the Five United Na-Iof the Chiefs of the respective Na-
tions, by deed regularly executed, tlons to sell all the lands within the
conveyed to Colonel Thomas Dungan, Umlts of Pennsylvania to the Pro-
Governor of New York, a large Par- prletarles of this Province and to no
eel of land, a great part of which lay other persons whatsoever. This In-
upon the River Susquehanna and strument was produced to the six
within the limits of this Province Nations at the late General treaty
and that Col. Dungan afterwards by at Albany by' the Commissioners
deed conveyed the late Proprietor from this Government, and proved
William Penn, all those lands lying by one of the Chiefs who was then
upon the waters of Sasquehannah present and a party thereto; where-
within the Province aforesaid. I upon the Six Nations In publlc
would give you the particular dates Council declared that the Signers of
of those deds, but am now a dls- that Instrument were well known to
tance from Philadelphia where they them to have been the principal men
are. These instruments have been and chiefs of their several Nations,
frequently produced to the New Six and they did then solemnly .ratlfy
United Nations of Indians and their that agreement and by a new deed
aIlles the Sasquehannas, are recited not only confirmed the severa.! sales
In many of their subsequent deeds, they had theretofore made to the Pro-
and have been pluckily acknowledg- prletarles, but voluntarily bound
ed" ratified and confirmed at several themselves to sell no land within the
treaties between them and this Gov- limits of Pennsylvania to any person
e.rnment; and though the force and whatsoever but to the Proprietaries
only."
effect of those deeds has always
been understood as well by the In- 17iil-Great Danger and Confnslon
dlans as by the English to vest in
the Proprietors of Pennsylvania all
the lands upon the several branches
of Sasquehannah, yet they the Pro-
prietaries of Pennsylvania have upoil
many occasions by treaty solemnly
engaged not to take possession of
those Lands o.r suffer them to be set-
tled without making the Indians a
particular satisfadlon for such parts
of that Country as they should from
time to time agree to give up; and
. for that reason all subsequent deeds
have been considered only as confi.r-
mations, so far as they related to the
Lands upon the waters of Sasque-
In Lanca8ter Town About
IndIans.
It Is stated that, "Mr. Hamilton find-
Ing by the Letters received from
Lancaster County, that matters were
in the utmost da.nger and confusion,
proposed to go insiantly to the Town
of Lancaster In arder to do all the
service in their power, and a Dedimus
with Blank mlIltary Commissions by
the advice of Council was given to the
Governor by him, empowering him to
fill up blanks with such persons
names as hould offer, and were men
of known good characters. A Dedl-
Digitized by Coogle
358
nius was likewise given Mr. Hamil- the following message to be given to
ton to qualify such omcera as should them which may be found in the
be appointed in that part of the .book last mentioned, p. 754, as fol-
country. Sundry petitions from the lows:
most respectable persons.in the Sev- "Gentlemen:
eral Counties of Cumberla.nd, York, I give you the charge of a mes-
Lalicaster and Chester, setting forth sage to the Sasquehannah Indians,
the dismal condition of the inhabi- the pu.rport of which Is. to invite
tants were read and sundry compan- them to meet at John Harris's in the
ies farmed and commissions granted first of .January next, where I intend
to such as were recommended for to hold a Council with all the Friend-
Captains, Lieutenants and Ensigns." ly Indians I can collect together,
This shows us that stirring times and as it ought to be delivered as
were now in existence about little soon as possible, and you have kind-
old Lancaster Town. ly offered your service, I must de-
175&.-The Delawares and Shawanese sire you will not give it the least de-
Again Desert the EngHsh. lay, but taking with you such pru-
2 I dent persons as you shall judge
In Vol. 6 of the Col. Rec., pp. 7 4 necessary for your safety, proceed
and 725, the citizens presented a pe- directly to Wyomlnk.
tition to the Governor of Pennsyl- If they .receive the InvltatioR in
vania stating that the Delawares' and good part, a.nd you find them well
Shawanese are now so alienated disposed to us and willing to come,
against us as to take up the hatchet yoU are then to take care that Indian
in favor of the French. The petition- Messengers be dispatched with the
ers inquired whether the Shawanese Invitation and String of Wampum to
were not satisfied at the last treaty. such other Indians as can attend
The Governor then goes on to give that meeting."
the whole Shawanese history from 1756 _ Lancaster County Furnishes
the time that the firsi sixty families
came to us from the South and shows Teams lor the Indian Wars.
that their actions have always been In the issue of May 15, 1755 of the
treacherous while they have done Pennsylvania" Gazette, it Is stated
everything in their power to keep "We hear from the Councils of Lan-'
them friendly. caster, York and Cumberland that
175&.-A Heetlng of Our Friendly In- notice being given there that teams,
carriages and horses were wanting
dlans at Harris's Ferry, Now for the use of the arm)', great num-
Harrisburg. bers were immediately offered and
In Vol. 6 of the Col. Rec. pp. 745 150 wagons laden with oats, Indian
and 746, it is stated that the Gover- corn and other forage were dispatch-
nor sent a request that all of our ed to the Camp in a few days and as
friendly Indians on Susquehanna many mare might have been had, if
River ought to come together at Har- wanted, the people offering with
ris's Ferry to discuss measures with great readiness and pleasure from a
their Government for general protec- zeal for his MaJesty's service." In
tion. this item we can see that Lancaster
Such a meeting of Indians it seems County took part in the Braddock
was held because the Governor sent campaign near Pittsburg.
Digitized by Google
359
'ANNALS OF 'I'HE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
In the h5iie or Juni of tne S55ilie I dah to ao 1lli5J bili5a thi deaJthet
paper it is stated, "We hear from reached the place accordingly and
JVlllli Creet th55t th5 wa5sili5s and fmmd lesn tha55 fou555en Ciodie
horses lately contracted, for .in the shockingly mangled. Whilst they
Vouat5as Y05'k and w'ate in this pl8JCe some friendly In-
Cum?5a5dand Wei safeIi aVved W,50 wee fltlng tn i.he Inhabi
the camp and gave great satisfaction tants for protection told them there
to tCe Gennal thn ntheI' oflic, Wire a iarge dody Fitsch
being for the most part far the best dlans actually on their march to the
of ana thr,l had been rngaged In the inbablted patlt of this Province and
ervke of 1,;e skkg::e thalr wnl'e aieady tsn sihe of Ai
val. We likewise hear that legheny Mountains. Upon this they
re fitr5e bottolm for ieve5iJ C5jllclU51ed to to ae far Shamokin
around the camp in which whether the Indians as-
nreal deal nf gniS sembletl there wern irien(le O
food fnr hnes. les (for our peopfi sUl;pected thoi5:
In the issue of June 12 it is stated Indians to h3lVe knowledge of the
that onotfl:ir nnmbet 'If W
a
kk
m5s
5j5Urder) and to gut if po;;lble rirthi
laden with forage are gone from the Intelligence, about those they had
Counties oK tiane;?,eter :wdBewks. h5iurd w;;re ;?dVaniln,g awelnst shem,
And In the Issue of kugum 21, The Indians at Shamoitrin treated
ter the Braddock slaughter, it them civilly but had several councils
etated that, "Witrit S05ims most and mieI'l wdispei51g wmong them
markable Is that all the wagoners selves, which made our men susplc-
from Jancneter and Yuk Coontl;?e in 0'1' them, espedally
the Province. witro J!ngage1o In the them were missing soon after. How-
service of the army have returned e;;er, Iw the lsornlnu Andrew l\lon-
lI>fe eece;;t two, one uf whom (Eiod tour ansI Deiawar5; GeOhO, g;1vlse;i
by sickness."
them to going to a aprticular road in
n 700 Ex,'ITtement In LaUg;gi. hich tI'iey ;;aid thesz;,',s eanger,
ter Town, but our men suspecting their sincer-
In tl';e lS;5ue th;; Pe5055;ylvfinia Itw-Wnf thoir' own wan whieh was;
Cazette for October 3U, 175Ci, as tti5; vegn on,,; they gUere e;5uti;;;5ed
lows: avoid and were fired OIl by a party
"As imeuine hatt bean ala;Tl5- o' Indiaas ahout in r nmbe5 some
ed before this time with a g.reat deal of whom t.hey believed were with
of b;;zl neT;; from thege part;; I think thm U'ia ninht beloge. l'
my (luta gla;': yon as mneh ltnht turned l,n thg hest iliannaI' then i;ould
into the affair as I can. About the but one of them came off when the
YOth Instaet neTe was oronnht en;;my n;st }sngan, An51 was reared
the French and Indiruns had actually was the only one that could escape
massfi(Ted and 5515f1lperi a nmnber of aliue 0;;1 of tlie unI'l(ile. Thi;5 wag
our Inhabit ;nts not mm'e forty soon spread over our country and we
miles from Harris's Ferry. It is rea- were in the utmost confusion till
;onaol" to t.hinh the rneeipt (if 55neh ymj.erdH(i we5'n told the;'a wem'
news must put the inhabitants in the 15 more of our men returned. They
ntmol. confnsiom Ahcmt of Lhe agrei; that it wan the Delaware In-
zstoute;;t thgm rue tilamselnris di;55ZS tI'ir' mi;;ehieL Our
mounted and in readiness the next Court House Bell has been ringing
360
almost ever since to call the Inhabl- I expected on such sho.rt notice. On
tants to some consultation [or their Wednesday they assembled at the
safety. We hear there are about one head of Elk River Impatiently walt-
hundred men already gone up .t9 Ing for the arrival of our other
Harris's Ferry out of Donegal and, forces from the Susquehanna side,
placed adjacent." I and orders to proceed.
This shows there was great excite- I The like spirit raised the forces in
ment In Lancaster at this time. At 'Kent and In Chesapeake, who began
another place In he same paper it I their march towards the head of
is stated that "the women and chll- Elk river, on Thursday; but In the
dren In the back parts of Cumber- afternoon they were remanded on
land, Lancaster and Berks Counties I certain Intelligence that the reports
are all come or coming to the Town- concerning Lancaster were all false,
ships that are thickly settled and However, they continued all In the
some have come Into the town of readiness on account of frequent ex-
Lancaster. In short the distress presses sent them from Baltimore,
and confusion of our people in gen- 1m-parting that the enemy had dlr-
eral on the frontier Is Inexpressible." ected their route down the western
1'ioo-A Report That the Indlansi side of Susquehanna; but messeng-
. . ers being sent over the Bay and re-
HaTe Burned Lancaster. . turning with assured accounts that
In the issue of November 20, 1755 there was no enemy in those parts
of the Pennsylvania Gazette, there Is the men were all discharged on
set forth a letter from Cecil County, Saturday evening.
Maryland, dated November 10, stat- The number going from these two
ing that the rumors of Indian .rav- Counties were about 100 aud many
ages about the Susquehanna. The more were resolved to follow them;
writer says, "At day break of the and 500 more were intending to join
third instant, messengers arrived, them from Queen Ann's County, and
from New Castle County, confirming undoubtedly the Counties of Talbot,
the Exp.ress sent in the night before Dorset, Somerset and Worcester
giving dismal accounts of how 1500 would have exerted themselves in
French and Indians had burnt Lan- .the same manner had the reports
caster town to the ground and were been true. These fo.rces from Mary-
p.roceeding downwards, driving all land with those marching from the
before them so that the. Inhabitants 1 three lower Counties on Delaware,
were In great distress. Under the In-I joined to those of Lancas1tlr, Ches-
telllgence our Officers Immediately tel' and Philadelphia, etc., by this
warned the militia, who m e e t l n ~ In I time might have formed an army of
the afternoon, the chlefest men of the I several thousand gallant men in high
three companies and a body of spirits sufficient to repel any force
horses bravely resolved to march I that the Fl'ench and Indians could
against, the enemy; and acco.rd- raise against us. Hence It is evi-
. dence that British courage is no more
Ingly on Tuesday they set out com-I degenerated In the Southern than in
manded by proper officers allll attend- I the Northern Colonies."
ed with wagons carrying provls- I According to all these statements
ions, blankets and other necessaries, I we can see that It must have been
being better provided with arms and very exciting in old Lancaster Town
ammunition than could have been about this time.
Digitized by Coogle
Indian CouneD at Lan- hence to Reading, when I have seen
ealter. lome Indiana that live on the anor
In Vol. 6 ot the Col. Ree., p. 776, of Conestogoe, and give tbem assur-
there Is a letter set forth from the ance ot the Protection of the Govern-
Governor trom Lancaster and It Is set ment while they behave In such a
forth as tollows: manner to deserve It. But wbat stay
"Gentlemen: I shall make there, or wbere I shall
I am at last got to this town, hav- go from thence, I can not at present
Ing In conjunction with the Commls- say, as It depends upon tbe clrcum-
sloners done everything we thought stances In which I find the Nortbern
would contribute towards the De- Frontier.
fence of the Western Frontier, and I I am, Gentlemen, Your most taitb-
am well assured that If the orders ful and obedient humble Servant,
we have given are carried into exe- ROB'T H. MORRIS.
cution, and the men employed in that Lancaster, January 21, 1756."
quarter do their duty, the 1
17
;)8 _ Council Held In Lancaster
will be for the future secured With the Conestoga Indians;
against any small scalping parties. Conestogas Encouraged.
Tbe Farce on the West side of Sas- I V I 7 f h C I R 7 It i
hit f th h d d no. 0 teo. ec. P., s
que anna cons s s 0 ree un re stated that a Council was held in'
men, who are divided into four Com- Lancaster with the Conestoga In-
panies, and are to take post in four dians, on Friday, the 23rd of Jan-
forts that are to form a line from, uary, 1756, as follows:
the Sugar cabin to Matchitongo, "PRESENT'
within about twelve miles of Sasque- The Honourable ROBERT HUN-
hanna; three of these forts are al- TER MORRIS, Esqr., Lieutenant
ready in hand, and I hope soon be Governor.
finished, the fourth I have ardered to James Hamilton, Richard Peters,
be laid out as soon as possible, and Esquires.
expect it will be complete in about I Joseph Fox, Esq., Commissioner.
ten days. What makes me think the The Conestoga Indians.
higher of the Western force than I The Conestogoe Indians having
do of those employed to the North-.
ward, is, that they are regularly en- remained peaceable in their Town on
listed in the King's service far a the Manor of Conestogoe and receiv-
certain time, and the Omcers were ed a support from the Pub lick since
chosen by the Government, and not the first attacks on the Indians of
by themselves. this P.rovince, it was thought ad-
They strongly and repeatedly visable to send for them and give
suggested and requested that we them assurance of a future support
would build a fort at Shamokin, and a small present as a testimony
which I have given them reason to of the regards ot the Government for
expect, and hope that measu.re will them. They were the.refore .ent for,
be resolved on and steps taken to and when seated the Governor made
carry it into execution before we re- the following speech to them:
turn, but this matter for reasons Brethren:
that I shall communicate when I I sent for you that I might bave
have tbe pleasure to see you, must be the Satisfaction to see you and take
kept secret. I promise to go from you by the hand, wbich I have bad
Digitized by Coogle
AND OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES 362
no opportunity to do since I came to
the Government.
I have the Pleasure to observe by
the several Papers you have produced
to me that firm peace and kind In-
tercourse have always subsisted be-
tween the Indians of Conestogoe and
the good People of this Province.
Until lately this Province has en-
joyed a perfect Peace and Tranquil-
ity with all the Indians, nor did we
in the least Imagine It would ever be
otherwise, having on all occa'Slons be-
haved towa.rds them with the sincer-
est affection, and assisted them when-
ever they wanted our good OMces.
Some of them, however, through
the Institution of their and our com-
mon Enemy, the French, have In
Breach of their Treaties against the
Ties of Gratitude, and without the
harbor any strange Indians. You
may be assured all such have had bad
designs, and therefore I must lnaist
upon it if any strange Indians shall
presume to come amongst you that
you lnatantly give noUce thereof to
Mr. James Wright, or some of the
Magistrates of this County, that they
may apprehend and examine. And if
any way whatever anything comes to
your knowledge that can do hurt to
us, that you would make us acquaipt-
ed with it with all possible dispatch.
A String.
It will be agreeable to me to ren-
der you perfectly easy and well satis-
fied; if there be, therefore anything
on your minds that you want to
complain of I beseech you not to
suppress it, but open all your Hearts
to us and I promise to give you en-
least cause of Offense given on our
tire satisfaction.
side, fallen upon our peaceable in-
A String.
habitants, and as soon as this hap- The Indians took some time to
pened the Government, ever careful the Governor's speech to them, and
to preserve Inviolable their engage- then made the following reply:
ments, gave you notice of it, and at Brother the Governor and the
the same time sent their orders to Gentlemen with him:
your good Friend and Neighbor, Mr. I We most heartily thank you for
James Wright, to supply you with your kindness In coming to Lancas-
Cloathing and Provisions, that you ter and sending for and speaking to
might not be exposed to danger by us In so obliging a manner.
going to hunt at a distance from your We have heard a great noise all
Habitations. about us and expected we should
In fur.ther token of our sincere re- have been klIled, but now that we see
gards for you, I do, on behalf of the you here, we are revived and wlIl
inhabitants of this Province, ratify lay aside our fears.
and confirm the several Treaties of I 'am lame and infirm or I would
Peace, Amity, and Friendship sub- have waited upon the Governor at
slsting between us, and expect you Philadelphia as soon as I heard of
wlIl do the same on your part.
A Belt. his arrival. I thank you, Brother, for
I expect you wlIl not leave your
place of Residence without first ac-
quainting me with your Intentions
and the place where you propose to
giving yourself the trouble to come
here.
You see, Brother, that the Cones-
togoe Indians, forme.rly a large tribe
remove to. are reduced to these few, and that
A String. there is never an old man among
I expect, further, that In virtue of I them but myself and I must die soon.
your leagues with us, you wlIl not I put them under your protection;
Digitized by Coogle
they are all young and some mere join wltb them now. I am arrived
f:ht:dren nnd WCint you:' n,dvice here now ieel anh eesy,
and Countenance.
it is with much dUHcuIty that I have
come through the settlement of the
,lave eSfTft'::nd wifE:
life. When I return I shall go by the
way of Albany, for there Is no going:
r:ack the fW.fy I ::eme. 3 OU IDE:L
expect to hear from Uil again by the
next npportunlty. We deslhn to go
forwal'd Into Couotry 01 FI::o
You may be assured if any strange
Inhlans eome ew:mgst we shall
give you the earliest notice and that
we shall not hearken to anything that
ehf:1I be yoet Prejuhiee. S8U
by our Papers that we have always
been your fast Friends, and 80 shall
em:tlnuu whilst haee a bel:lg: anh
by this Belt 1 on the or myself
and all the Conestogoe do ratify, con- Nations, and perhaps as there is
renew the Treot:f:e oi eoon be fneetien of
Friendship subsisting :letweew us, eratee,we go as as
and again repeat my thanks to you ondagoe. We shall not return until
givIng me rgls OXtt;:ortuettg bu we CBH brino gou beft Inteklx"
coming to Lancaster, as I not klence the klituatlnn of nOnlrs
able to come to you at Pblladelphia. those parts."
BeEt, :&7ii6 klblckninmy iDns
The Governor then said he would Among the Conestogas.
order them some goods as a Token ot In
AJfBution them, and Ofecord, fend 47 i: ftBt!:e ::;
Ingly they were delivered to the In-
Nation Indians were sent by the Gov-
B.mor tht tiusqm':nfenna F:ver
dians."
I:ih6-D":5ffwarBB Defg ine t:ZBBatesh uet NewB. Indli:BB reto:'ned
Chiefs Living to Keep Them with them Captain McKee and John
'B:im U:e .li"rent:kl Now, klhiecli'iolnrny nnd h:e wife, "Sblcka
In Vol. 7 ot the Col. Rec., p. 12 we Iamy :li'nclarnli' positleniy would
now see the final tie broken between fall upon them and either kill them
Go:nl'nmeni of Penn:iylVfmta and or do idem mlschki, but fhat
the Delawares, and the Delawares de- would go through Lancaster to Phila-
clare as follows: delphia, and deliver what they had
"Etteth:T:a, Onnn and OoeratntI say thB Gove:nfnn in Gerson,
The Delawares on Sasquehannah insisted that Captain McKee should
,'e:dare plain Termf that wilt go along with theI!). to protect them.
no fygard who! shall said
Wheo
they eeme Ha,Etf's
to dissuade them from hostilities found there the Belt, Jagrea, and
edf.lnst the Erfli'fish. Ethey not New Castle who joined them, and
grel:tf':et Sr:ihem tho Then they came to I,ancaft::r
Country of the Confederates. That Shickalamy having a sister among
tf':f:y are hBterif:iaed tu h1\ht Eng, the Cuntistogoo Indians, sent for her,
as If:ng af there a mim lett' ond Lanc:f::!er sho find Coneo'
and that when they !,lave conquered Indians joined him. On Satur-
Engllet':, theo will tutn thf:lf Arm:: CaelB to Tnwn making in
f.galnst those I%1:lIans who nOl
1756--Some Friendly Chiefs Bequest
ed Come Uve
tCe COnflfflgas.
In Vol. 7 of the Col. Rec., p. 56, we
are told that Shickalamy and his
,fiends some iHfndly ,ElleThawk
Iodlans afrf,lzl to livzf about
Shamokin and desired to come to
Harris's Ferry and live in the future
a litt10 ,e:::lonyHemselfeg, This
z':::Eluest mad::: Onown the
Council and the Council, as is shown
on page 57 of the book last mentioned
said, 'Pyythren,
364
They further acquainted the Gover-
their shooo mere out
somo them anslent, and
uuable to travel at so severe a sea-
son, and thereupon prayed that they
might be provided with wagons,
String,
Ife Gn::zesnor theet two
Strings in retw-n and promised to
grant them the things they requested
assurezl them might gepend
lindinn c::::tfvenient Places up
for them, and recommended It to
them to go directly for their Wives
ChlliLre%i, and zzmnmunlz,ote this
,,::; e thin'::; Harris'
inco:tl%'onient Removal on ou%' RriendlyK:tl<7ians
place far your residence, even until that they might live altogether in one
the Fort shall be built at Shamokin, Place."
wou1:i z'ather wouiLx eeoose
live the Con:::etogoe Iodians,
where you may be in greater secur-
ity, and better provided with necessi-
t1::z::::.
he II1dians for until
next to anfmnr; a id while
they were debaliing about going to
Conestoga It happened that there was
y:lot to them that This
dlot Is set [neth p. of tt:n same
Rhen tlte goods were laid before book, as follows:
them, and the List read over, and "' The Secretary Informed the Coun-
tho Preeent deli Vf: ZT:x7 , amoidztl:tlg to that mornTntl tak-
Pounz]Yl'I, 19 shHHI1HZZ and Hence. his who
Indian Hhlefs conferred together were about to set out for Conestogoe
and then returned their answer, viz: Manor, under the Care of Justice
That vero thimkf::zllo acceptod the Rztomson Mr. Ross, was
Pzmposal 11ve wWr the CooeiSlogoe by of thiS fi%'mbern As-
Ym:Hans; this pn,eposal .they saw sembly, who lately came from Lan-
that their' Brethren had really at caster, that two persons would not
Heart their safety, and well consid- sufficient to pz'o,iSd thsnl from
fzend the hzmger tn mhich were f,f:Tng hurt the on road
on posed Harris', they this who were extremely exasperated
exceeding kindly. They hoped the against all Indians in general, and
Governnr would order convenient Y::f,z't!culaz']t these Indlons; this
]yzlnf:es to made fne in, they l:tliormaton was condtlned by G'al-
filtht be fholtered the Venther, [Heath aml others wElo came yester-
and as they had concluded to live day from Lancaster; and as one of
there, It would be necessary their the Indiang nnw hem fho was lately
gam lUes effe:e,s fhouM re- In of nnoOzer them
m,',ned beH,fe this e:ee,llutlow fhould was fiissing, %'fry :tlfu'%'owly
came to be publickly known, for escaped with his life from a number
which purpose they desired a Wagon of men who assembled together on
two be hzzmediateI:: mvid- road Geoz'o%' Ashtoo'zz, and
and ,ied,otched Harri::z' with :ilmculty z'ootralnofl from
Digiti Go e
365
AN"NALS OF THE SUSQUEHANNOCKS AND
murdering blm, it Is highly probable at a Proper distance trom the Con-
they wW aliso attmp ssme eB5og;Oe lndlns, or wUI you ehue to
mischief to these Indians." go to Pennsbury, another ManO.!" of
TYs etenninY th anwer of the our Pr("srktarie, etueted on thh
Indiana, who were leeking for a new River, about twenty miles above the
Yome aUg ae
s
orr1Inge then eewred City, wYere you mrsy s'emIn af
as follOWS. anY well p.rovided fn tm Serruradd
"The Secretary likewise informed returns, when furtber mealures will
,he Coueeil tllat tlle Chiefe of the In-
dans now in Town came to him yes-
issrdp, md told him thupnure up-
prehensive their young men would
cse lserputualillil iuarwsllne if the Cix
Nations and the Conestogoe Indians
Ihould be obliged to Bve in one
Plauo, orsd, dOereroro, rekuestod of the
Governor that they might live sepa-
:ratelk, ood :rem:r ploe lile ps'ep:rued
on the Manor for the Six Nations at
kiltause trow Pse Connstenoe
Powo; end that In their further dis-
course with him they did not seem
vswy t'J liue upun the
Manor. It, was therefore, thought
proppr send tPe k5hiPrs pnd
give tbem an opportunity of speak-
Ing their minds freely, wmsld
eot ?se for tte YubliEsk eervi se that
these Indians should remain under
uny kind of kissttisfgetion as to tkelr
place of residence."
Tdu G,mernor f4avp thif antwes' to
their determination and It may be
p, 60, PI Tellons:
"B.t'ethnsn
I bave considered what you said to
Conughtoghefp, nUh t'eSf',ct to gour
apprehensions of there being Danger
of uome Mif,r?slei happening, Af nou
shall be placed on Conestoga Manor
neas' the liEoneotogr,r, ndisms, by
ruaEels arising between your young
men and theirs, and t?sat through
theh' Hr,gt and bhISOT'etine, plused
too near together, some Blood may
he dysilt omongst them, whicll it way
not be in your Power to prevent, and
thernforr" I leavn it eeur ephlion,
whether fOU will reside on the Manor
be taken for dissposillg Of yoo to houe
satisfaction.
tTHt you shHll rutheR' chuse be
on the Manor of Conestogoe, I will
tatTu CUtO to orsier proper Pros' 2110 rt
to be mnde for our residence there,
and for your journey, and send a suf-
fiCeot along with YOH to
tect you !.rom the insults and abuses
that you miubt meet with frorn thr,
Rash, dissolute, unthinking people
amongst un, whe, pssybg rnharri
to my nrivke ami ul'derr, e,nd not
making a proper distinction between
our I<'.rirud ond enemy iudTuns, map
fall upon and attempt to do you some
Xnjuey ymr dsus'eey.
And the said Indians, atter taking
tIme cnrssldssr!Uld commIt
togeihel' on the Governor's said
proposal, acquainted the '::;overnor
thai thy cll}osr, rath.er be sent tn
Pennsbury than to the Manor of Con-
nskuoe,
1751l-The Conestogas Very Poor and
Naked.
In Vol 7 th CnL Rec., 3'lt, iss
the report of Mr. John Ross as to the
of the Cnnesroga In Hane
whieh i set forth as follows;
"The Conestogoe Indians, by Mr.
Johu R.tts, uf th Munor of
goe, who has the care of them, com-
plaIned to rhe GOte,R'nnr Uust thep
were naked, and as it was apprehend-
ed that some thr,Kr huunh Pr',ple
wonEd on throunh di;ssatifaetion,
and might be seduced by the Enemy
Endhms, th foHuwinh mesnstge wast
sent to the House on the Twenty-
[ t,ze y' v' :51
366
fourth, and delivered to the Speaker I "May 2nd, 1757.
by the Secretary, who came just after May it please the Governor:
the House had adjourned to the Third If I had been able to do it, would
of January, next: have waited upon the Governor in-
A MESSAGE FROM THE GOVER- stead of giving him the trouble of
NOR TO THE ASSEMBLY. this letter, but as I am not, I hope
Gentlemen: he will be pleased to excuse the free-
The Conestogoe Indians have ac- dom I have ventured to take In re-
quainted me that they want Cloathes gard to the Indians at Lancaster,who
and desire they may have further I am informed have sent down a
Supply, which you will be pleased to Message, to Invite the Governor expe-
order, may be sent them forthwith, dlate a Treaty with them there, and
that they may not suffer In this to show their uneasiness at being de-
severe Season. talned without being able to Issue
WILLIAM DENNY. their business with this Government.
December 24th, 1756." These Indians are now come down
li57-Tbe Walking Purchase Again to Lancaster at the Governor's re-
Comes Up. quest, and have staid there a consid-
I R 400 erable time (at a great Expense to
In Vol. 7 of the Co. ec., p. 'Ithe Province) and any further
the IImits
p
Of
h
one of Message to :reate further delays
Wallkng urc ases are
h di t lked each may appear to them trifling or eva-
showing t e s ances wa sive, especially considering the sea-
year. son of the year calls. them home to
1757 - Susquehanna Lands Again In thE:ir planting; and as their Influence
ControTers,. with the other tribes of Indians who
In Vol. 7 of the Col. Rec., p. 432,1t have so lately Infested our Frontiers
is stated that the Mingoes had abus- and 1llled them with blood and
ed the Delawares some years before cruelty, Is very. considerable and it
as if the Delawares were dogs, and may be of the utmost consequence
that Cannassatego, the Speaker that they be made sensible of the
among the Mlngoes or Five Nations manly conduct if the Government
ordered them away from their lands with regards to their Complaints, if
and said he would give them lands on they have any, and their real Inclln-
the Susquehanna and then he went aUon to do them Justice, and that the
and sold all the Susquehanna Lands Governor will not hesitate to meet
to but they settled the them for this, o.r may purpose In
Susquehanna lands at any 1 ate but which the publlck wellfare is so
three years ago Englishmen came nearly concerned. In am conlldent
down and took all the good spots of the Commissioners will heartily con-
lands and the Delawares therefore cur in defraying the ex-
claim that they still have rights penses and will likewise cheerfully
there at Susquehanna. attend him to this treaty."
17i7-Tbe Indians Heet alld Have A list of 200 pounds of Indian
Another Treat, at Lancaster. goods are agreed to be bought to dls-
In Vol. 7 of the Col. Rec., p. 497, a I tribute among the Indians who are
letter f.rom a Speaker was read as being represented lilt this treaty, (see
follows: p." 498).
Digitized by Coogle
367
As to this Treaty the Governor re- 17i)7-More Indian News ,lhout Lan-
ceived the following address, (p. easter.
498) : In Vol. 7 of the Col. Rec, p. 503,
"We are informed that the Indians a letter from Mr. Crogan, dated
at Lancaster are very uneasy and Lancaster, May 2, was sent to Phila-
complain 0 f their long detention delphia stating that last Friday a
from their Habitations. Their sow- party of Onondago Warriors left their
ing season advances fast, and if not camp to go to Cumberland fort and
soon dismissed they must lose their on down to the Southern Indians,
opportunity of providing t h ~ neces- which makes It very uneasy, as they
sary subslstance for themselves and pass through or near to Lancastcr.
families the ensuing year. Sundry of
their Warriors are now ill with the 17i7-The Great LaneastAlr Treaty
Small Pox and many more must take 0' 1707.
the Infection should they remain In Vol. 7 of the Col. Rec., p. 506
much longer among the inhabitants; are set forth Mr. Croghan's minutes
and their coming to the City must of the proceedings at Lancaster and
very considerably tend to prolong at Harris' Ferry. These proceedings
their absence from their places of and the minutes of the treaty are all
abode, and be attended by many on the subject of the French and In-
other unavoidable Inconvenlences.We I dian war, which was now in P.ro-
also understand by a message from I gress and It appears from the mln-
your Honor that you have recom- utes that the Tuscaroras, Mowhawks,
mended It to the Indians at Lancas- Cayoogoes, Nantikokes, Oneidas, On-
ter to send away their women and ondagoes, Senecas, Delawares and
children, and as many men as incllne Conestogas were present. The pro-
should go with them. This measure, ceedings I will not set out because
we apprehend, will greatly disgust they do not .relate to Lancaster
them and should they go olf dlssatis- County troubles.
fted may Irritate them against the In the same book, p. 518 the con-
People of this P.rovlnce and his Ma- ference at the Lancaster Court House
jesty's service in general, If not ex- Is set forth which was held on Thurs-
cite them on their way home to join day, the 12th of May, 1767, in the af-
with our enemies in committtng dep ternoon, where there were six mem-
redations and Murders upon our In- bers of Council presnt and Elx mem-
habitants. bers of the Assembly, as well as the
We therefore, think It our duty Speaker and also the Magistrates of
earnestly to recommend your Honor the Borough, with a number of gen-
to gratify them In their resolution of tlemen and the deputies of the Six
holding a treaty at Lancaster, and Nations before mentioned, a:so some
that as soon as possible. To those Nantikokes and Delawares. WH-
who are acquainted with the disposi- liam Denny, the Governor was also
tions of the Natives It Is known that present and he gave them a speech
they are a jealous people, easily dis- I on the subject of war which was now
gusted and put out of humor, and going on and asked for thair friend-
when they are under this clrcum- ship. The next day, on the 13th, the
stance, little good is to be expected I Indians gave their answer, which
from a conference with them." , I was general In character and the
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANC.ASTER COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES
368
Governor then asked them to tell of 1707-Conestogas Present at
Crog-
their differences between their dif-
ferent tribes which caused them to
fall out. It appears at p. 523, that
the Indians were encamped near Lan-
caster under the care of Mr. Crog-
han anc1 they desired presents should
be given to them and their expenses
looked a f t e ~ . and stated that they
came here almost naked. Then a
long series of letters were produced
to the Indians. showing thtlm how
the different Governors were trying
to act In harmony.
The Council contined on Saturday.
May 14th, and also on Sunday. the
!5th of May. when a message from
the Cherokee Indians was received
Much attention was given this day to
the campaigns In the pres.:lnt war.
Another session was held on Monday
the 16th of May and the question of
trying to restore peace was taken up.
Simll8IT efforts occupied Tuesday. the
17th of May. And on the afternoon
of that day the same subject was
discussed. On the 21st it wao; decided
that it would be necessary for the
Sheriff to g1:lard the Indians of this
treaty. because as they had come to
the treaty against the wish of their
tribes they were liable to be killed.
The treaty adjourned on the 22nd of
May. it having been convened on the
10th thereof. It begins p. 505 and
ends p. 555 in the 7th Vol. of the Col.
Rec. At the conclusion Teedus-
cung made a speech in which he said
now as they had finished their busi-
ness for this time and they intend to
leave tomo.rrow and they have a long
journey of hilly country. and several
of their old men were sick. that the
Lancaster people must not send them
away without a walking stick, whicb
afterwards they explained :neant a
keg of rum. Thus here we see that
the phrase "Lemonade with a stick
in it". is as old as the time of the In-
dians.
han's Conference at HarrIs's
Ferry.
While we have seen above that no
mention was made of the Conestogas
being present at the conference at
Lancaster. in Vol. 7 of the Col. Rec .
p. 507, it is. set forth that at a meet-
ing of the Six Nations at Harris' Ferry
that the following Conestogas whe
present, to wit: "Sahays--Captain
John-with 29men. women and chil-
dren." This I believe was plactlcally
the whole tribe at this time
1707-The Gt-eat Easton Treaty.
In Vol. 7 of the Col. Ree . pp. 638
to 714 are set forth the proceedings
of the great Council or treaty at
Easton. Tribes of all descriptions
were there; but I can not. however.
find any mention of the Conestogas.
Teedyuscung. an Ex-King of the
Delawares was commissioned to
speak for ten tribes on the Susque-
hanna and quite likely it included
the Conestogas.
17u7-The Conestogas Must Have
Clothes
In Vol. 7 of the Col. Rec . p. 768. it
was reported to Council that Joseph
Hays in behalf of the Conestoga In-
dians requested that they might have
provisions and clothes as they had
done before. and one of them com-
plained that he had not been paid for
a horse which he lent to John Shicka-
lamy and his sister. and which they
never returned to him. In this item
we have set forth that with Joseph
Hays of Conestoga a few of the
others of the tribe may have been
with him at Philadelphia, and found
that Shickalamy's sister was recog-
nized as one of the Conestogas and
lived with them.
1707-Murdered Indians ExhIbited III
Lancaster.
In the issue of July 7. of the Penn-
sylvania Gazette of 1757 it is stated
Digitized by Coogle
369
that several murdered Indians were
at this time brought to Lancaster and
exposed In the street and were viewed
by a great many people.
1708-Tbe Nantleokes at CoeaUeo.
In Lyle's History of Lancaster
County, p14 she states that as late as
1758 there were still several scattered
famUles of the tribes of Nantlkokes
along the little streams imd Springs
of, this vicinity, (Cocallco Township).
The town covered 500 aCl"IlS which
came into possession of John Wistar
and Henry Carpenter.
Clothes, and particularly Leather for
Moccasins, as they were naked and
barefooted, but that he had (to use
their own phrase) broken his word
with them, for after having detained
them a good many days in Town, he
sent them packing away In the same
destitute condition In which they
came; and that seeing this was the
case and they were not allowed to
hunt for deer among the Inhabitants,
they were torced to go Into the Wild-
erness to seek clothing for them-
1708-Conestogas Threaten to
LeaTe selves and famfUes; and they pro-
Lancaster Coonty. posed to go a little beyond Augusta, a
In Vol 8 of the Col. Rec., p. 112, It fort, and there ta build Indian Ca-
is stated that, "Information being bins. But as they intended to re-
given to the Governor that an Indian, turn In the Spring, they desired that
WilHam Sock, with his Comrade, had Mr. McKnee might be permitted to
for some time been tampering with remain In their town, and plant corn
the Cone.stogoe Indians, and that they to be divided between his and their
were at the Instance of these two In- fam111es, when they come back and
dians, proposing to remove from the as a token, of their Friendship with
Manor, his Honor had w.ritten a Let- the English, Old Sohalse gave him a
ter to Mr. James Wright, to Inquire String of Wampum, which was White
into the affairs, and to invite Sewalse I and then Mr. Ross answered, and 8S-
and these Indian:s to come and see sured them he would supply their
him. wants immediately from Lancaster.
A Letter from Mr. Shippen, of Lan- Yet, notwithstanding this declaration,
caster, on this Subject, was read In they said they were resolved to keep
these words: their resolution. Then he left them
Lancaster, the 3rd of May, 1758. know, If they would not be persuad-
Honoured Sir: ed to accept this offer, he feared it
[ take the liberty to acquaint you.r
Honour that the Conestogoe Indians
would be unsafe for them to pass
through the County without an es-
are going to leave their Town. I cort, and he would employ Mr.
had my information last night from McKnee to go with them to Hunter's
Mr. Ross, of the blue Rock. He tells Fo.rt, to which they readily agreed.
me, that last Thursday they sent Mr. That on Saturday Mr. McKnee came
McKnee to acquaint him they wanted to Mr. Ross again, and told him that
to have a confe.rence with him, and the Indians were divided in their
when he came to them they said Council, whether to go off a hunting
they had nothing at all against him, or to stay and plant their corn, but
for he had always been very kind to that he understood by Betty Sock,that
them, supplying them with all nec- Billy Sock (her son) . and some of
essary provisions, but that they had the young men were absolutely re-
been lately at Philadelphia, on a I solved to go (take her own words)
visit to the Governo.r, to beg a few and help the French, maybe the Eng-
Digitized by Coogle
Ush. Since which time Mr. Ross has i told me they would take the journey
hea.rd nothing of them., However, witll tIleir Brothers; I believe Sha-
though it be a busy time with m", a.s halse to be an honest man, and a
I think this a1lalr of very great con- heart Friend to the English. I made
sequence to the Province, trUling as no objection.
the number of those Indians may be, I have had a good deal of discourse
I have thought proper to visit them with these Indians, and particularly
immediately and shall use lIlT ut- with Shilhalse, who sald he would
most endeavors to appease them and tell me what the Stranger and Sock
keep them back. told him; and as well as I could un-
I am, with due respect.. your Hon-' derstand his broken EllgUsh it was
our's Most Obedient Humble Servant, I this that the Six Nations with all the
EDWD. SHIPPEN."
17i8-BlIIy Soek at the Bottom of
this Trouble with tim COD-
estogas.
As we have seen above Billy Sock
had a hand In this matter The sub-
ject was further discussed In Vol. 8
of the Col. Rec., p. 115 as follows:
"The consideration of the Intelli-
gence respecting the Conestogoe In-
dians was resumed, and a letter read
t.hat wa.s wrote to Mr. James Wright
resquestlng him to sift this matter.
a.nd to Invite Sewalse, the head man
of the Cones to goes, to bring Will
Sock and the other Indian to see the
Governor; and M.r. Welser was re-
quested to lay In Town, In order to
interpret for the Conestoboe In-
dians."
l1;)8-Further Proeeedlngs to Satisfy
the Conestoga Ind:lans.
In Vol. 8 of the Col. Rec. p. 116
the Council having heard from James
Wright relating to the Conestogas'
difficulties, by three Indian Messeng-
ers and the letter was taken up by
Councll. The letter Is as follows:
"May It. please the Governor:
In pursuance of the direction thou
was pleased to send me, I went to
the Conestogoe Town and delivered
the string of wampum and Message.
Blll Sock and the Stranger (who is
B Cayuga) agreed to walt upon thee.
I gave no encouragement to any other
Indian to go; but the day Shagree
and Shahalse came to my House, and
tribes In Friendship with them, have
had long and general Couuclls and
the .result of them was, that they
would send some of their Chiefs to
the French and some to the English,
and demand to have boundaries fixed
between each Nation and themselves;
that if the French on their part re-
fused to comply with this aemand,
they w o u l ~ then join their whole
fo.rce with the English agah,st them;
and though he would not say It, yet
It is reasonable to conclude they
came to the same resolution in re-
gard to the English. He mentioned
the Twlghtwees and some other Na-
tions, and said there were several, of
which he knew not the names, who
had entered into this Confederacy.
What I have w.rote he repeatedly
told me, so that I can not mistake; as
Shahaise has been intimate with me
many years perhaps he may have
spoken with more freedom than he
would do In any other place, or than
the others may do.
As to any other Intelligence they
may be able to give, I ca.n not learn
anything at all from them; neither
did I chuse to question them too
strictly, for fear of giving them occa-
sion to think themselves suspected.
and perhaps preventing them from
complying with thy request. .As to
these Conestogoes selllng their Corn,
they have usually done it, when they
have more than they want for food.
to purchase little necessaries. I ha.ve
Digitized by Coogle
371
heard some time ago that part of their I thought it necessary to a
number designed to leave their town, substantial man to take care of these
and a part of them to stay, which is In town. I heartlIy wish their jour-
still their intention; but they were ney may be Satisfactory to thyself
proposed to go away quietly and and of service to the Publ1ck.
privately, for about a week ago they And am thy respectful FrUlnd,
JAMES WRIGHT."
gave a String of Wampum to Thomas After the letter was read the In-
McKee, with a request that he
mi ht car.r it to the Governor, and dians were sent for and the Gclvernor
g y made them the following .peech.
acquaint him that a number of theme which is found p. 117:
were going towards Shamokin to ge "Brethren and Brother tohays
some Deer. as they could not hunt (Shohaise) :
with any safety in these parts, were I have been informed that soble of
barefoot, and in want of cloathing our Brethren of the Conestogoe Town
for themselves and their families, but were movIng away with their \Vives
that they left their Corn-fi.-Ids and and fammes and sell1ng their Corn
CabIns and should return next and Improvements. As you had not
Spring; but notwithstanding these as- given me any notice of this. I "{as
Burances, I am of opinion the young- much concerned to hear it and there-
er part of those who go will not refore sent my Brother Shohalse a
turn to settle among us,. as indeed String of Wampum to invite him here
their way of Uving will scarce admit to see me, that I might hear from
of it, for however kind the Govern- him the truth of the story; and it it
ment may be to them, yet hunting is was so, whether that they were mOv-
their Natural Employment Jlnd that ing from any invitation of ydur
they have not dared to follo\/ for two Brethren, the Indians or from
years past, except about my brother's satisfaction with us; and I now c1e-
House and mine. sire you, by his String of Wampum,
Shahalse, I am perswatled wlll open youx minds freely to me.
never leave this place; at least he I A String of Wampum.
assures me he will not, and that Brother:
some others wlll stay with him; and I was also nformed that one of your
as for them that go, I really think brothers of the Conestogoe Town
they do not remove from any dlssa- had been in. the Six Nations Country,
tisfaction to the EngUsh, or evil De- and was lately returned from thence
signs, but only for the reason they and he brought with him one of our
assign, as Thomas McKee tells me acquaintances of the Six !\ations. I
they are ce.rtainly in want of cloath- therefore desire you will inlOrm me
ing (which I hope the Go\ernment what news he has brought from
will be so good as to take Notice of). thence and what passes anlong our
McKnee likewise tells me the Indians Brethren there.
had desired him to meet 1 hem in A String.
Philadelphia, If he could, least they Shohaise consulted with the other
should not be understood; the Cayagu Indians and after a short rause re-
would not wait untlI he turned answer as follows:
with them, but he purposes e n B th the Governor:
town for a few days. ro er,
The people are so pl'ejudiced You say you have sent for me and
against Indians in general that I my friends to learn from us if we
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER COUNTY INDIIAN TRIBES
372
were your town, and if so, A Cayuga Indian.
whether any offence had been gi vvn Thoma2i MeKee, Kntez'gyretf:
Brother:
We ar, kIifthne lei,nKng dOUi Tomn,
nor hav, taken offence at anything,
thilt Is in it ls, fhat of
Indians have a mind to go on SUII-
iKuehaioah" rsartlt ti hunt ansi partIr
to trad", that they may provide nec-
orsarier fOi thilli' If
Indianll had a mind to go quite away
trom tkreir Brrfhren ani1 leile the
place, would have been my duty
imd 1 yiertilnly rhouts? hrre
duty ip. giving notice to you myself.
Vdere ,tIl go, world rIOt witls
[klim; wimld riay mhei'e I am. You
were ,ntirely misinformed, drpend on
tivsth if whit I say.
Brother:
Befos'e set out we hild Cin-
.
When the two Indians, Will Sods,
agyd CigyUgii Caill2i tn Conestoga, we
sent for '\l'homas McKee and desired
him tn cai'S" a rsilesiege tdi
ernor at Philadelphia; it was to this
pm'pOilil;
We let the Governor know that
must tho IniIans who aOW iive
Conestogoe, intended t 0 e m 0 v e
tlmnco to a place some ri.i::tan<io
above Shamokin; that where they
nrOI'e pr::l1ent ,Rke WomlP could
no clothes nor their Young men go a
huntlu%; it was, the:'efore,
ed that the Women should take some
kr:iS liquor mlth thelli agd SIs]1
them for skins that would procure
tidr Ilomow ciuathel1, amI the VOUggy
men with their hunting would supply
tIIomSOlyeS mlth [hoosr ani other
sultaUon at---; Thomas McKee
WiS fSTsSeIl[ ho Is eapented tOilO
every moment; when he comes I
['all s'meaS' s'gat" h"",sng sIomi shiih's aSileni hnli on" Wln"sr, ""sir",
"" , Ithe Governor by Thomas McKee, not
Aft,si tMs thi histoiY Uit Soeh to thinV amiss them, rSlsS' that thii
was taken up and a great many mat- had no bad designs. They said it
tIsS'S aoterth Inte whkh drisS not con- only wes, Clonths heino
cern the Conestogas. them they were become naked, and
1708- /%,no$,likrr ;ounrRl HiildllRh @Jse misaSUlO of doing abovIJ, think
Conestogas.
On the ldt.h Map, !PRs8 al1 Is l1::t
forth In Vol. 8 of the Col. Rec., p.
Cnnestoa:a lndlakm some
of the Six Nations went to Phlladel-
dil1sIUSS the trouble about tae
and the report of Ute
as follows'
The Honourable WILLIAM
ilivqr., Lientenant
William Logan, Richard Peters,
iluitoa.
The Indians, Six Nations.
Cune"i.ugas
Shahalse.
Will Sock,
ioneco Geifvge,
Chargrea.
lng, for a while would prOCllre them
J oattns and Oths',l' nO<ioSSltties; at the
same time let the Governor know,
t.hat a IlieWaS hiodh:d at i :on::::
togoe that had burnt a long while,
ansi hi wat born theie and tiwsd thIsil
all his life, he would not go with the
other Indians, tmt stay sind
Bones at Conestogoe, this, he added,
was ths,s pm'pori of one-holf of tbt
srdng. Tf'se other hatf was that the
Women left their Homess HOllS, and
Corn Prkds, tnd PrSlrth thep l}linht
put under the care of Thoma!) McKee,
hrth::i del1ired he mght he
dered to plant corn and take care of
t,kolr iYOUl,ol ani cl,ttie for whlilh
he should be allowed one-half and
Indhms were to have the other half.
Thomas McKee saict thai tctis 1" thf"'
iitrif"ig whlcii thii Iniilanf"
lent by him and gave the String of

Shahaise proceeded:
BroiBer:
When this speech was delivered to
Bhollias McKiie, iue BadzlOt f"ecf"ved
ihe GovVrniif"'S After
Wright had delivered us your meB-
liagv, Wf", couf"ldiioed runoug iiursulveli
and came to a resolution to alter our
purpiise anP sL,oy if"t homiie
women not being able to provide
thewf"elliiis with M cots n
Mo,f"iiasIns and other necessaries, was
the only reason that induced tbem to
kYO ShiimuPin; tiUt uow all that wau
over, and on what the Governor bad
f"aid to ,Pey
were determined to stay.
A Stieiiig.
'rbe Goiiurnor made answer:
ShahaIse and the otber Cii,nef"iugii
Indiinl
e
I am well pleased with the account
pou haliii giiien uf ctour intentloo to
remove; and much more so that you
ELlte",d pour Reeduiion.
The Conestogoe Indians may depend
on my protectIon, and that I wHl eup
%ily their waots, af" not to rmt them
under the necessity of removng Sha-
hai"es {If"'tewf"tin,Uon to iitay eww if:
the others should have gone, shows
his luve towlirdii hi, Rrrthriin, lind
discovers a particular regard.
I have dhELctf",h Mr. JELmer Wright
Ground for Several years, for which
he pomlsed to glVEL thELlli ELlerd yeELr
a piece of Llnn,n, but had not paid
them for two years past. He desired
he wight b,f" made du thelli
The Governor charged Mc-
KELl to appTp Ahf"ahum, Wld If
dId not immediately pay them the ar-
retf"S let him kiHiW aud he iFioulh
ordFir him to be sued and oblige him
to give a compensation for the lanii
agrreable 1i} bir eUhagf",meuts.
Cbagrea informed the Governor
thELt hii Wf",f" inHsteil ami haH iiiirveH
In the Garrison of Fort Augusta, and
thf"t thf",re mere six pact deo
him, whIc.h he desired might be paid
hillie ofie
The Governor dIrected the Pay-
mo}ter, Mr. Yoeng, to }}ttlo anh POi
off Chargrea, whIch was done." e
1 'i'OO--Conestoga Indian Conference at

ViiL 8 of tLe (Tul' nec. eir7,
record Is found of a conference be-
twuen Hie of Peoosyl-
vania and the Conestoga Indians,
groming out of the ract that the
estuua Indhrs ore now comploinin
n
that they are not well taken care of
anz, thot thoy expf"USS oreuL
ness at the neglect of them, on the
part o the GoVtrnerienr Toe
cil Is as follows:
"Tt Conference with tht
go Indians at Lancastere the 15th day
of Februaro, 17eO.
PRESENT:
Richard Peters and Richard HocFley,
to tuppIe you with prorIsiOiiii, !.rom CsquEres.
time to time, as usual, and ,;hall also Sewees, BIlly, Sock, John, 5 Young
earnestlt reIiI,mmend It tOe IIum- noyse
missioners to send you . some neces- Peggy, Interpreter.
Iiarh ClnathEwg; at ptestot oou who hiiweer, a Clf Weampurli
are come down shall receive a small did let us know that he was ex-
preiiiiDt. tremelv wen wIth Oue vltEt to
Shahaise then complained of Abra- hIm; and enquIry after his health, and
ham, who had plant.ed Indlf".n ii10rn thor WE: tooh nuUce of too rei,miiii anIl
tnd iiowtd nemp In Piece iif Child rene He retu.rns his thanks to us
[ t,ze y' v' :51
for this, and likewise for desiring to 1760-Con01s Now Live at Chenango.
know whether he or his people were We have seen in a former item that
in want of anything. the Conoys moved up to the Mouth of
He then told that he was old and the Juniata, but now we are told at
unable to get his livelihood; that his this date they live farther West at
young men had not so much as a bit Chenango, (See Vol. 8 of the Col. Rec.,
of Powder or lead to shoot a bird p. 492).
with. 1782-Deiaware Chiefs to Be at Lan-
John Ross, when alive, promised
easter.
him a supply of necessarleil but he
has received nothing since his death In Vol. 8 of the Col. Rec., p. 721.
and desires we wlll let the Governor there Is set forth a sta.tement that
know this. an Indian conference was held at
A string. Lancaster on August 11, 1762. This
Canrach Caghrea: conference lasted until the 29th day
I am very glad of the Opportunity of I of August. Some of the meetings
seeing you here; I have long wished, were held at the Court House but
to have seen somebody at Lancaster I the meeting of August 27th. was held
that I could speak with; old William lin Mr. Slough's House and on the
Penn In particular had regard for the last day of the' meeting on August
Conestoga Indians; he loved: Indeed, 29th. the goods which the Indians
all the Indians, but there was a slngu- were to have as presents were ex-
lar love between him and the people posed In Mr. Hambright's Malt House.
who came with him, and the Cones- In Lancaster. It will be seen that
togoe Indians. We are now but a few, this treaty lasted over three weeks
and I am grown old. I give you this and a great many Indians were pres-
Belt, and desire you will .hold fast ent. The record of tbls treaty covers
your love and continue to be as kind 54 pages In the Colonial Records, ex-
as ever; Deliver it to the Governor, tending from p. 721 to p. 774. In all
and tell him that we have ever held there were 557 Indians present.
fast ou.r Friendship with William
Penn's people and desire he will do
the same; I speak for my young men
and all the Women and Children,
whom I put under his protection.
You may perhaps think I wUl go
away, but I tell you I will always
stay at Conestogoe, and these that are
with me will stay too. You must be
my mouth to the Governor and ac-
quaint him with our intention and
that we hope he wlll be so kind to us
as William Penn and' all the Governor
to this time.
N. B. This was communicated by
the Governor to the Provincial Com-
missioners, and two persons were ap-
pointed to supply them with neces-
saries.
being the largest treaty ever held in
Lancaster and one can imagine how
the little town was swarming with In-
dians at that time. I find all the
tribes mentioned as being present ex-
cept the Conestogas. Even the Conoys
were there, but if the Conestogoes
were 'present at all they we.re there
not as a tribe but as a few Individ-
uals.
It also appears that on tlle 27th
of August a conference was held at
the Old Lutheran Church, where the
Governor took some of the Indians
aside and held a secret conference
with them.
1788-An Address from the Cones-
togas.
In Vol. 9 of the Col. Rec., p. 88, ap-
pears the following address from the
Digitized by Coogle
Conestogas, whch is a sad, plaintive ter of the Conestoga Indians and the
wail. It speaks of the encroachment final act which resulted in the com-
upon their lands and various other plet" obliteration of the IndicUls from
subjects. It is as follows:
"To the Honourable JOHN PENN Lancaster County.
, It is as follows:
Esquire, Lieutenant Governor and
Commander-in-Chief of the Prov
Ince of Pennsylvania, &ca, &ca.
"Brother:
We, (the Conestoga Indians) take
the present opportunity, by Captain
Montour, to welcome you Into this
Country by this String of Wampum
and as we are settled at this place by
an agreement of Peace and .AIiJ.ity
established between your Grand-
fathers and ours, we now promise
ourselves your favour and protection,
and as we have always lived In Peace
and Quietness with our Brethren and
Neighbors round us durIng the
last and present Indian Wars, we
hope now, as we are dep.rived from
supporting oU.r Familes by hunting,
as we formerly did, you will consider
our distressed situation and grant
our women al1d children some
Cloathing to cover them this winter.
The Government has alwa:rs been
kind enough to allow us some prov-
isions, and did formerly appoint
people to take care of us, but as there
is no person to take that upon him,
and some of our neighbors have en-
croached upon the Tract of Land re-
served here for our use, we would
now beg our Brother, the Governor
to appoint our Friend CapNin Thos.
M'Kee, who lives near us and under-
stands our language, to take care and
see JUIIUce done us.
SOHAYS, his Mark,
INDIAN, his Ma.rk.
or CUYANGUERItYCOEA,
SAG'UYASOTHA OR JOHN.
his
Mark.
Conestogoe, November 30th, 1763."
178S-The Conestogas Murdered
appE'llrs the first news of the slaugh-
"Tile Governor having received in
Friday last, a letter, dated the 14th
Inlltant, from Edward Shipl,ltln, Esq.,
at l..ancaster, acquainting him that a
party of armed 'men had that morn-
ing murdered Six of the said Cones-
togoe Indians at their Town, laid
the same before the Board, which
was read viz:
A LETTER TO THE Gm"ERNOR
FROM EDWARD SHIPPEN,
ESQUIRE.
Lancaster, 14th December, 1763,
Evening.
Honoured Sir:
One Robert Edgar, a hired man to
Captain Thomas M'Kee, living near
the Borough acquainted me today
that a Company of People from the
Frontiers had killed and scalped
most of .the Indians at the Conesto-
goe Town early this morning; he
said that he had his information from
an Indian boy who made his escape.
Mr. Slough has been to the place and
held a Coroner's inquest on the Corp-
ses, being Six in number; Bill Sawk
and some other Indians were gone
towards Snith's Iron Works to sell
brooms; but where they now are we
can not understand; and the Indians,
John Smith and Peggy, his Wife, and
theLr child and Young Joe Hays,were
abroad last night too, and lodged at
one Peter Swar's about two miles
from hence; These came here this
afternoon, whom we acquainted with
what had happened to their Freinds
and relations and advised them to
put themselves under protection,
which they readily agreed to;and they
are now in our Work House by. them-
selves, where they are well provided
Digitized by Coogle
OTHER LANCASTER. COUNTY INDIAN TRIBES
376
for with every necessary. Warrants I in defiance of all authority, proceed
are issued for the apprehending of the to the Conestoga Indian town, in Lan-
Murderers, said to be upwards of caster County, and murder six of ou.r
Fifty men, well armed and mounted. Friendly Indians, settled there under
I beg my kind complements to Mr. the protection of this GO\ernment
Richard Penn, and I am with all due and its Laws. I do hereby direct and
regards, require you immediately to exert
Sir, Your Honour's Obliged yourselves on this account and to is-
Friend, and most humbel se.rvant, sue warrants and take all other
EDWARD SHIPPEN. Measures, in your powe.r for the ap-
The Honourable John Penn, Esqr., prehending all the Principals in the
Governor. murder of the said Indians lind their
Whereupon the Council being mov-
ed by the cruelty and barbarity of
the above action, and apprehending
that the Indians who were settled at
accomplices securing them in some of
the Jails of this Province, that they
may be brought to Justice and receive
a legal tryal fo.r the Crimes they
Conestogoe were under the protection have committed.
of this Government and its laws, and I am, Gentlemen,
that consequently killing them with- Your very humble Servant,
out cause or provocation, amounted JOHN PENN.
in law to the crime of a murder,ad- To the Magistrates of the Counties of
vised the Governor to write imme- Lancaster, York and Cumberland.
diately to the Magistrates of the 1788-GoTernor Penn Takes Farther
Counties of York, Lancaster and Steps on the Kllllng of the
Cumberland, to exert themselves on Conestoga bullans,
this occasion, and issue warrants I On Vol. 9 of the Col. Reil., p. 93,
and do everything in thetr power for the following letter was ordered by
apprehending all the principals con- the Council: .
cerned in the said Crime, and their "William Logan, Richard Peters, and
accomplices, and securing them, that Benjamin Chew, Esquires.
they may be brought to Justice, and The Council taking into considera-
furthe.r, that a Proclamatio'l be is- tion the late conferences with Papou-
sued, ordering all Omcers of Justice nan, and other Indians from Wighal-
to be aiding and a88isting therein." ousin, as well as the unhappy affair of
the Conestoga Indians were of opin-
1788-GoTernor Penn Sent An Or- ion that the few friendly Indians left
der to Lancaster About the at Wighalousln by Papounan should
Killing of the Indians. be Invited down to Philadelphia, and
On the 19th of Decembe.r, 1763, the
Gbvemor sent the following letter to
the Magistrates of Lancabter and
York Counties, found in Vol. 9 of the
Col. Rec.. p. 92:
"Philadelphia, 19th Decemoer, 1763.
Gentlemen:
Having received informa.tion that
on Wednesday, the 14th Instant, a
be taken under the protection of the
Government, and that those of the
Conestoga Indians who escaped the
Fury of the Rioters ought to be im-
mediately removed for their better
security, and therefore advised the
Governor to desire the Concur.rence
of the Assembly in these measures,
and that they would provide fo.r the
party of men, armed and mounted, necessary expense attending them, for
did, without cause or provocation and which purpose a draught of a Mes-
Digitized by Coogle
377
ANNALS OF 'IHE SUSQUEHANNOCKS ANlJ
sage was immediately prepared, read
and approved and the Secretary was
ordered to transcribe the same and
cury it to the House this evening,
and at the same time lay before them
the minutes of Indian conferences
therein referred to for their perusal."
178S-The GOTernor's Message to the
A.ssembly on the ConeStoga
Slaughter.
rageous act, and their accomplices. 1
am also preparing a p.roclamation,6r-
del'ing and requiring all officers civil
and mllltary, and all his .:dajesty's
subjects in his Government, to be aid-
ing and assisting to the MAgistrates
in execution of the Laws on this un-
happy occasion. Such of the Cones-
togoe Indians as had the good for-
tune to escape the fury of above
mentioned lawless party, are now
In Vol. 9 of the Col. Rec., p. 94, taken under the protection of the
in his Message to the Assembly Magistracy at Lancaster and are se-
among other things, Governor Penn cured in the work house there, but
said, "I am also to lay before you a are in great distress for want of nec-
piece of Intelligence I received from essaries and apparel having lost
Lancaste.r on Friday last, which has everything they except the little
given me the utmost concarn. On they had on their backs, in their
the 14th instant a number ,)i people Houses which were burnt.
well armed and mounted, went to the As they do not app.rehend them-
Indian Town in Conestoga Manor, selyes to be safe where they are,
and without the least Reason or Pro- they have by a verbal Message by
vocation, in cool blood, barbariously one of Your Members requested of
kllled six of the Indians settled there, me that they may be removed to this
and would probably have treated all city, or its neighborhood; alld I am
-the rest with the same cruelty, had very ready to comply immediately
they not been abroad at that time with the desire, provided you wlll.en-
and after burning all their Houses able me to defray the Expense of it.
the of this inhuman and JOHN PENN.
wicked action retired. 1763-Governor Penn Issues a Pub-
As the Indians were seated on the
Manor by the Government, and had Hc Proclamation on the Slaugh-
lived there peaceably and in01len- ter of the Conestoga In-
sively during all our late troubles, I dlans.
conceived they were as much under In Vol. 9 of the Col. Rllc. p. 995,
the protection of the Government and the following proclamation to the
its laws, as any others am'lngst us, People was issued by the Governo.r:
wherefore I thought it my duty to do "A PROCLAMATION
everything in my power for the im- WHEREAS, I have received infor-
medIate apprehendIng and bringing mation that on Wednesday the four-
to Justice the authors of this horrid teenth day of this Month, a number
scene; and accordingly, by the ad- of people armed and mou1lted on
vice of the Councll, I -have dispatched Horseback unlawfully assembled to-
letters to the Magistrates of Lancas- gether, and went to the Indian Town
ter, Cumberland and York Counties, in the Conestoga Manor, and without
requiring and charging them to exe.rt the least reason o.r provocation in
t. hemselves and endeavor by all pos-I cool blood barbarously killed six of
sible means to discover and secure the Indians settled there and burnt
thE' principals concerned in i-his out- and destroyed all their Houses and
Digitized by Coogle
effects. AND WHEREAS, so cruel i Given under my hand and seal and
and inhuman an Act was committed the Great seal of the said Province
in the Heart of this Province, on the I at Philadelphia, the twenty-second
said Indians, who lived peaceably day ef December, Anno Domini, one
and inoffensivey among us during thousand seven hundred and sixty-
all our late and for many three, and in the Fourth year of his
years before, and were justly consid- Majesty's Reign.
ered as under the protection of this JOHN PENN.
Government and its laws; calls loud- By his Honcur's Command.
ly far the vigorous exertion of the Joseph Shippen, Junior Secty.
Civil Authority to detect the Offend- 00
ers and bring them to condign pun-' D SAVE THE KING."
ishment, I have therefore, by and 1'i8l-The Paxtang Do,s lUll the Be-
with the advice of the Council, malnlng Conestoga Indians In
thought fit to issue this Proclama- Lancaster JaiL
In Vol. 9 of the Col. Ree., p. 100,
there is set farth the following night
express trom La.ncaster to Philadel-
phio, giving news of the killing of the
last remnant of the Conestogas:
"Lancaster, 27th December,
1763, P. M.
tion, and do strictly charge and en-
join all Judges, Justices Sheriffs,
Constables, OMcers, Civil aud Mili-
tary, and all other his Majsty's Uege
subjects within this province, to
make diligent search and Inquiry af-
ter the Authors and perpetrators of
the said crime, their abettors and
accomplices, and to use all possible Honoured Sir:
means to apprehend and secure them I am to acquaint your Ho:}our that
in the PubUck Jails of this Province, between two and three of the clock
that they may be brought to their this afternoon, upwa.rds of a hundred
tryals, and be proceeded against ac- armed men, trom the Westw3rd, rode
cording to law. , very fast . into town, turned their
AND WHEREAs, a number of In- horses Into Mr. Slough's (an Inn-
dians who lately lived on or near the Keeper) Yard, and proceeded with
frontiers of this Province, being the greatest precipitation to the
willing and'desirous to presarve and work House, stove open the door and
continue the ancient Friendship killed all the Indians, and then took
which heretofare subsisted between to their horses and rode off, all their
them and the good people of this business was done, and they were re-
Porvlnce, have, at their earnest returning to their horses beforo I could
quest been removed from their Habi- get half way down to the work house,
tatlons and brought Into the County the Sheriff, and Coroner, however,
of Philadelphia, and sea.ted upon and several others, got down as soon
the ProVince Island and tn other as the rioters, but could not prevail
places of the Neighborhood of the' with them to stop their hands; some
City of Philadelphia. where provision people heard them say and declare
is made for them at the PubUck ex- they would proceed to the Province
pense. I do therefore hereby strictly Island and destroy the Indians there.
forbid. all persons whatsoever, to in- I am with great Respect, Sir,
jure any of the said Indians as they Your Honour's most Obedient
will answer the Countrary at their' humble Servant,
PerU. . EDWARD SHIPPEN.
Digitized by Coogle
The Honourable
"
John Penn, Esp.,
Upon thIS the following action was
advised. on the part of the Council
Ag.reeable, to your orders to me
when PhB,sddphhs" I hew:.in en."
close a list of the names of the In-
dians found killed at the Indian
founh p. l<Yh
'The Cw:ncll Kurthen edvisel: the Town ConT:ugoe .M::mor, with thu
Governor to dispatch the Exp.ress names of the Survivors { fourteen in
to Tencas:e:', with a leiter to number) whom I found, had been col-
Edwnrh Shlhpen, :'turfring him to k:cted and plaeed in the worh House
gain all the inelllgence in his power of this County, by my Son, with the
ttepectinh the further heslgnr and 'lssistance of John Miller and RQbert
wntion the Tewlesu hiotert" and Beatty (who hy :sPT:ointment
to endeavor to learn the names of Messrs. Hockley and Peters, had the
of Rinhieaders or [s":Tsons care of the Indians belonging to the
eoeeerned dn U:e Mur::e:' of In- TownL when: they are :woperip
dians in the Work. House and to ac- taken care of, and fed and wait for
::uulnt th::' Govesnor from time to your Honour's fu.rther directions re-
by Tapress, with es::ry ::ieee of :::tlng them"
intelligence he should recelVe con- I, likewise, e::Teeahh: to yeet ordet
cerning them. give herewith, an account of the ef-
l<he Gouernor nas aduL:u:d to r,:cts pak::
n
: whieh hose beeo
write to Colonel Armstrong, at Car- f::und, helongLoS4: to saM :ndians,
lisle and the Rev. Mr. Elder at Pax- which now remain in the possession
to enert ti:::mselv:s " on oc- the :,sid MWo: anll oeatto tru:::
casion, by using all means in the,ir :r tho :ndiaee, to
power, to discover and detect the Three Horses,
:'h:tHS to sul:sess suel: :ssur- A wsltlng Par::l:ment y:urpo:t-
rections among the Peoph) under ihg as osUcls Pes:se and Amitd
their influence for the future." concluQed between the Governor of
:<herlG La:t:oster Lf:unty ':laryl::T:h an:;: f:e Ch.i::fs of the Con-
Sends a List of the Possessions
of the Indlaus Killed at
::::togos :end In:jJs,ns.
A Writing 0\' Parchment, purport-
Ls:g an ,,:: rUcl::: Ag::sssment bstwes:r:
:i:::nestohds to ili'l:Nla-
delphia.
VoL of Cot Cee.,
following ;::;afemesft ap\Jeen:
fore a Council held December
1763:
William Pems: Grops':s:tssry, Pen::"
sylvania, and the King of th:l Indians
101, Lr:habiti::o in abo::t the R!::er Sus-
be- hseha::n" ansL ::ther Indian ::Tatloms,
31, dated the three and twentieth day of
the second month, called A.pril, in
letts:' f.rom the hheritr Lan- the Yeas ons tl:ousos;d senes! hUa-
caster, of the 27th of December, In- dred and one.
stant, with the list of Conestogoe In- A Letter {which seems t.o be un-
W;::'h reaf: and ut:'iere:x be :ler the: Less;:f' Seal the Bf"nvince$
put on these minutes: signed W. Keith, dated Philadelphia,
A May 26, 1819, directed to Civility, and
:%f.lI:F. uf tEfe indiaa Chief;; ut Coe-
COUNTY A Letter {which seems to be under
::fnca:::;es th:: j7th .lI;:uemb:;::, 1763" tile L;::;:;er or the Cfuvinc;:}
;:Lgned Kettl:, dat;:d fjth liL::
ar:d thu Indian Chkrfs at
dir;lcterl to Cvilitd or
Conestogoe.
>*80
anb nelm mell Uoned Yn lint to lEIVe 1m r-
Tagntnlessff. viverY the Tormer affair at their Town.
After which they in a body left the
Wl'Eting purYI01 tinb a Lette/
signed James Logan, dated the 22nd
of the 411t MlInth, 3:17, tHree,I:r:E
f:IlHity fInd iH.e Otber Elrdian f:hiefs
at Conestoga.
PafI:r:r (etMch :rllema to bu nndlll
the Lesser Seal of the Province),
tOlllll withnllt (lll(lrinks any InsulIn to
the Inhabitants, and without putting
it III the pDwer a?iil one take or
molest any of them without Ganger of
life to the person attempting It; of
whEdl both myniCl]f aph the COll)ner
by our opposition were in great dan-
si']ned James Logaa, an ger,
dlder Copncil at khiJadilphlo, ,.
September 28, 1708, or a re-.juest to IIS3-The Names of the Conestoga
tdo InkEans aIlpreh"ad S'fchola dpzUan, KII14llR In Shelr 'd'ilwn
Godin, on a suspicion of several Manor and In the Lanras-
treasonable practices againet the
fiollernll'Ient. JaR!,
And two Belts of Wampum." In Vol. 9 of the Col. Rec .. p. 103,
One two points abollt thlr lettpr apprllrs follpwlnp'
are quite pathetic because it states "List. of the Indians kl11ed at the
that among other things there was Indilm Tc,wp in CIWI'StodPC, Mlmc,r:
fpund Zlwonll the pOects d Ule POOl Sheeday. GeorgI, HanT. A Son
Indians the treaties which they had of Sheehays, Sally, an Old Wo-
wLLh whitI:s a?itl had kepL nan, LLLDman, ThrIe Ioliian
and various other paper which show names, - Sheehays, W-a-shen,
that they were always on the best Tpe-dIu-lep Etr'CaneIn, lpa
tt'l'mswKth wilItes. womlIla I-Ollg, Kapnenquas.
liSS-The Sheriff Sends Word of the List of the Indians belonging to the
:tElllIwii of B:REe C<>uest;IGII In:dRlms ConprlogPI Tonll in WDlk Hnuse
In the Lancaster Jail. at Lancaster:
VpL 9 of the CDI. R ll'" iJ, 14>3, Copluin :loPn, Wlltty 'Us nife,
the following letter from John Hay, cm SIck, M11ly kis wife, John
Sheriff of Lancaster County: Smith, Peggy his wife, little John,
:'I>ecemf"ler uzth,E7E53, M. ClIpt'll ,lohn's son, Jacob a lIoy,
Honoured Sir: Young Sheehays, a Boy, Chrisly.
Slncu writlnc aLoue plll1I 10 boy UttJIl Petel a ?:llolly.
dians whom we imagined wel'e placed a Little Girl, a little Girl, Peggy,
in safets were destroyed, A nnmblle a Uttle Girl, Their Indian nanes,
of per:;;lms, the amount{ by theft KYlmlluelliinah, Koweenallae,
appearance) of fifty or sixty, Armed Tenseedaagua, Kanilnguas, Saq-
nIth RHEes, 'Y\Imahunks, utc., Chell tIa Z;,llHla-
Jy, about two o'clock, rushed into the chow, Shaw e kah, Ex undas,
Town and immediately repaired to Tong-quas, Hy ye naes, Ko z;na-
tite WUlk Hemle nnere rke EncFians un ligaS, Maree CEO uuEl, CllDU-
were confined, and notwithstanding kie sung.
a1 opplIefUoa to ID\uelf und tite Tile nlngeS taEtlln rmm k1'r;;gy .. Wlfe
oner, and many others, broke open of John Smith, and Betty, Wife of
thu WQf'k homlu, and halli 'klillud all CapELfin Jo11n.
tite In/Hens ,uure, truing tite fl.mlteee JOHH H11
JlLlLt J(3
381
li6l-The GOTemor Writes to Gen-I same as the preceding one sent to
eral Gage About the Conestoga Sir William Johnson on this dastard-
,ly slaughter.
Indian Slaughter. 1764-A Reward Olrered by the GOT-
In Vol. 9 of the Col. Rec, p. 104,
appears the following letter to his
emment for the Capture of the
Excellency, General Gage, from our Conestoga Murderers.
Governor: In Vol. 9 of the Col. Rec, p. 107.
"Philadelphia, 31st December, 1763. we flnd the following proclamation:
Sir: I "By the Honoura'ble JOH NPENN,
I think It necessary to Inform you Esquire, Lieutenant Governor and
that on the 14th Instant, a number of Commander-In-Chlef of the Province
Inhabitants on the Western frontiers of Pennsylvania and Counties of New
of this Province, without anr author- Castle, Kent and Sussex on Delaware.
ity, assembled in arms and proceeded A PROCLAMATION:
In a party of between flfty and sixty WHEREAS, on the twenty-second
men to the Indian Town In the Con- day of December last, I Issued a
estogoe Manor, In Lancaster County" Proclamation for the apprehending
and there, without the least cause and bringing to Justice a number of
cruelly put to death six of the Frlend- Persons, who, In violation of tbe Pub-
Iy Indians, who had peace:l.bly and lIc Faith, and In Deftance of all Law,
InoffensivelY resided there for many Ihad Inhumanly killed six of the In-
yea.rs past, by permission from this dlans, who had lived on Conestogoe
Government, and after burning and Manor for the Course of Many years,
destroying their houses and effects" peacefully and Inoffensively, under
precipitately retired. Upon receiving the Protection of this Government, on
Information of this barbarous out-Ilands assigned to them for their
rage, I Immediately dispatched or- habitation. Notwithstanding which, I
ders to the Magistrates of the back I have received Information on the
Counties to use their utmost endea- 27th of the same month, a large
vours to apprehend and conflne the I party of armed men again 'lssembled
offenders, that they might be brought I and met together In a riotous and tu-
to Justice, and likewise the enclosed multuous manner In the county of
Proclamation. Lancaster and preceded tot h e
Notwithstanding which, these dar- Town of Lancaster, where they vlo-
fDg rioters on the 27th Inst., again lently broke open the work House,
assembled In arms and came down in and butchered and put to death four-
a large body to the Town of Lancas- I teen of' the said Conestogoe Indians,
ter, broke open the Work House, and 'Men, Women and Children, wbo had
murdered fourteen of the Conestoga been taken under the Immediate care
Indians, who had before escaped their of the Magistrates of the said County,
fury, and were conflned there by the and lodged for their better security
Magistrate for their security." in the Work House, till they should
17M-The Gonmor Sends a Letter be more effectually provided for by
to WDllam Johnson on This order of the Gtlvernment AND
WHEREAS, common J u s t l c ~ loudly
SubJeet. demands, (upon the preservation of
In Vol. 9 of the Col. Rec., p. 105 is which not only the Liberty and Se-
found a letter almost exactly the I curlty of every individual. but the
Digitized by Coogle
382
being of the Government Itself de- I 178f-The GovemO'r Writes a Letter
pend, require that the above offenders I To the Govemor of New York
should be brought to condigne Pun- About This Killing.
Ishment; I have, therefore, by and
with the advice of the Council, pub-
lished this Proclamation and do here-
by strictly charge and command all
Judges, Justices, Sheriffs, Constables,
Officers Civil and Military, and all
other his Majesty's faithful and liege
subjects with this Province, to make
diligent search and enquiry after the
Authors and Perpetrators of the said
last mentioned Offence, their Abettors
and accomplices; and that they use
all possible means to apprehend and
secure them in some of the Publick
Gaols of this Province, to be dealt
with according to Law. And I do
hereby further promise and engage,
that any persons or person who shall
apprehend and secure, or cause to be
appehended and secured, and three of
the Ringleaders of the said party, and
prosecute them to conviction, shall
have and receive for each tlle Pub-
ilck Reward of Two Hundred Pounds;
and any accomplice, not concerned in
the immediate shedding of the Blood
of the said Indians, who shall make
discovery of any or either of the
said Ringleaders and apprehend and
prosecute them to conviction, shall,
over and above the said reward, have
all the weight and inll.uence of the
Government of obtaining his Majesty's
Pa.rdon for his OIYence.
Given under my hand and the Great
Seal of the s8id Province, at Phila-
delphia the second day of January, in
the fourth Year of his Majesty's reign,
and in the Year of our Lord, one
thousand seven hundred anrl sixty-
four. JOHN PENN.
By his Honour's Command.
Joseph Shippen, Junior,
GOD SAVE THE KING."
In Vol. 9 of the Col. Rec., p. 112, we
lI.nd a similar letter by Governor
Penn on the killing of these defence-
less Indians, to Governor of N. Y.
And on p. 113 a similar letter to Gov-
ernor Franklin on the same "ubject Is
found.
178f-The Colon, of New York En-
raged at the Conestoga Killing.
appear the proceedings that the Gov-
ernor of New York held Uilon the
killing of these Indians at Conestoga.
This meeting was more necessary
from the fact that these Conestogas
were the subjects of the Five Nations'
and some of those killed actually be-
longed to the Five Nations.
li8f-BenJamin Kendal of Lancaster
Reports the Particulars of the
Conestoga KUling to the
Councll.
appears the following na.rration upon
oath by Benjamin Kendal of the klll-
ing of the Conestoga Indians:
"CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, SS:
Benjamin Kendall, of the City of
Phialdelphia, Merchant, being one of
the People called Quakers on this
solemn affirmation declareth and
saith, That on Thursday, the 25th day
of this Instant, January, he, this de-
ponent, being on his return trom the
Borough of Lancaster, to the City of
Philadelphia about two miles on this
side the sign of the inhabitant of the
l!aid Borrough of Lancaster, who, this
o.ffirmant understood, had been, the
day before, in the Township of Pe-
quea, or its Neighborhood; that this
affirmant, being acquainted with the
said Robert Fulton, stopped, and en-
tered into some conversation with
Digitized by Coogle
383
him, In the course of which the said I would be fired over their heads. The
Fulton acquainted this amrmant that said Fulton further Informed this af-
he understood Captain Couttas, had firmant, that some time ago, when he
been appointed to .ralae and command heard the sald Indians were sent out
Five Hundred men to guard and proof this Province, he,the said Fulton
tect the Indians In the said City of I sent a lette.r to a number of people
Philadelphia, and that he was very who were then preparing to come
sorry for it, and that in ten days fif- down and cut the Indians olf, to ac-
teen hundred men would come down quaint them of It, and stop them from
in order to kill the said Indians, a.nd coming. This aftirmant further salth,
th:1t If Fifteen Hundred Men were that a certaln William Way was in
not enough Five Thousand were ready Company with the said Fulton du.rlng
to join them, and desired this atft.rm- this whole conversation, and from
ant to tell Captain Coultas, from the what lltUe he said that he seemed to
sald Robert, to make his Peace with join in sentiment with the said Ful-
Heaven, far that he (the said Coult- ton and among other things asserted
tas) would not live about two weeks that he was lately in a store in that
longer. This aftirmant answered, that Neighbourhood where there was a
he was very sorry to hear him, the magazine of three barrels of Gun Pow-
said Fulton talk in that manner, and der, and One Hundred small arms.
as he understood that he, the said I ready for the above expedition, and
}<'ulton, had a great deal of mftuence I that he verily believed a number of
with those people who intended to men would come down to PhlIadel-
come down on the above purpose, he, I phia to kill the Indians and further
this amrmant requested the said this amrmant saith not.
I<'ulton to exert himself in persuading BENJAMIN KENDALL.
them to desist from their crime or de- Taken and Am.rmed in the presence
sign. The said Fulton then said, if 10f the Governor and Council, at
Gabriel, was to come down from Philadelphia, January 28, 1764.
Heaven and tell us or them (but Before JOHN PENN."
which of the words this amrmant can 1761 Th ]I d f th C
not be sensible of) we or they were - e ur erers 0 e ones-
wrong, they would not desist for it, estgoa Indians Put Up Flimsy
for that they were of the sa:ne sptrit Justification.
with the blood ran, blood-thirst Pres- In Vol. 9 of the Col. Rec., 142, ap-
byterians, who cut off King Charles pears what Is meant to be a justiftca-
his head. This amrmant then said to tion for kllling of the Conestoga In-
the said Fulton, 'I hear you are going dians. This justlftcation Is in the na-
to kill the Q&akers.' Fulton answered, ture of a petition signed by many
No, God forbid, but they or any others people who favared the kllling and it
who should oppose them would was laid before the Assembly on the
kill.' That he (the said Fulton) had 17th of February, 1764, it Is as fol-
heard the Indians were put in small lows'
numbers into different famllles In the "The Declaration of the Injured
City of' Philadelphia, for Protection, Frontier together with
but that such familles must tell. a brief sketch of G.rlevances the
where they (the Indians, were, and I good Inhabitants of the P.lIovlnce
deliver them up, o.r their Houses Labour under.
Digitized by Coogle
384
Inasmuch as the kllllng of those I cesslve regard manifested to Indians,
Indians Itt Conestogoe Manor and beyond his Majesty's loyal subjects,
L:mcaster has been, and may be, the .whereof we complain, and which to-
Eubject of much conversation, and by gether with various other GrIevances,
invidious representations of it, which have not only enfiamed with resent-
some, we doubt will not, will indus- ment the Breasts of a number, and
t.riously spread, many acquainted with urged them to the disagreeable evi-
the true state of affairs may be lead dence of it they have been con-
to pass a severe censure on the Au- strained to give, but have heavily dis-
thors of those Facts, and any others pleased by far the greatest part of the
of the like Nature, which may here- good Inhabitants of this Province.
after happen, they we are persuaded Should we here refiect to fo.rmer
they would If matters were duly un- Treaties, the exorbitant presents and
derstood and deliberated. We think great. Servility therein paid to the In-
it therefore proper thus openly to dians, have long been oppressive
decla.re ourselves, and render some G.rievances we have groaned under;
brief hints of the reasons of our and when at the last Indian treaty
Conduct, which we must, and frank- held at Lancaster, not only was the
ly do, confess, nothing but necessity blood of our many murdered Breth-
itself could induce us to, or justify us ren tamely covered, but our poor un-
in, as it bears the appearance of fiy- hapPlt- captivated friends abandoned
ing in the face of Authority, and is to slavery among the Savages, by
attended with much l a ~ o u r , fatigue concluding a Friendship with the In-
and expense. dlans, and allowing them a plentious
Ou.rselves, then, to a man, we pro- trade of aU kinds of Commodities,
fess to be loyal subjects to the best without those being restored, or any
of Kings, our rightful Sovereign prc:>perly spirited .requisition made of
George the third, firmly attached to them; how general dissatisfaction
his royal person, Interest and Gov- those letters made and the Measures
ernment, and of consequence equally gave the Murmurs of all good people
opposite to the enemies of his throne (loud as they dare to utter them) to
and dignity, whether openly avowed I this day declare and had here infat-
or more dangerously concealed under uated steps of conduct, and a mani-
a mask or falsely pretended Friend-I fest partiality in favour of Indians,
ship, and chea.rfully willing to offer made a final pause, happy had it
our Substance and Lives in his Cause. been; We perhaps had grelved In si-
These Indians, known to be firmly lence for our abandoned, enslaved
connected in Friendship with our Brethren among the Heathen; but
openly avowed embittered enemies, matters of a later date are of still
and some of whom have, by several more fiagrant Reasons of Complaint.
oaths, been proved to be murderers, When last Summer his Majesty's
and who, by their better acquaintance forces, under the command of Colonel
with the situation ,Ilnd state of our Bouquet, marched through this prov-
Frontiers, were mo.re capable of do- ince, and demand was made by his
Ing us mischief. we saw, with indig- Excellecy General Amherst, of Assis-
nation caressed and cherished as tance to escort ProviSions. etc., to re-
dearest Friends; but, this, alas; is lieve that important Post, Fort Pitt,
1;)ut a part, a small pa.rt, of that ex- yet not one man was granted, al-
Digitized by Coogle
though never anything appeared more I buted to their Support. wherein they
.reasonable or necessary. as the Inter- who are most profuse towards sav-
ests of the Province lay so much at ages. have carefully avoided having
stake and the Standing of the Frontier any part. When last Summer troops
Settlements. In any manner. evldent- were raised for the defence of the
Iy depending under God. on the al- Province we.re limited to certain
mest despaired of success of his Ma- Bounds, nor suffering to any attempt
jesty's little army, whose valor the of annoying our Indians !n their
whole Frontier with gratitude ac- Habitations, and a number of brave
knowledge. and as the happy means volunteers, equipped at their own ex-
of having saved from ruin a g.rea-t pense in September, up the Sasque-
part of the Province; but when a hanna, met and defeated their Enemy,
number of Indians falsely ;,tretended with the loss of some of their number
Friends. and having among them and having otters dangerously
some proved an oath to have been wounded, not the least thanks or ac-
guUty of Murder since the War began. knowledgment was made by the Leg-
when they togethel" with others, islature to them for the 'Confessed
known to be his Majesty's enemies, service they had done; no.r only the
and who had been in the battle against lea'llt Notice or Care taken of their
Col. Bouquet reduced to distress by wounded; Whereas. when a Seneca.
the destruction of their Corn at the who. by the Information of .nany, as
Great Island. and up the East Branch I his own confessions, had been,
of Sasquehannah, pretend themselves through the last War, ou.r inveterate
Friends and desire subslstance. they Enemy, had got a cut in his Head.
are openly caressed. and the Publick. last Summr in a QuaTrel with his
that could not be Indulged the liberty Own Cousin. and it was reported in
of contributing to his Majesty's assis- PhUadelphia that his wound was dan-
tance, obliged. as tributaries to Sav- gerous, a Doctor was immedately em-
ages to suppo.rt these Villams, these ployed and sent to Fort Augusta to
enemies to our Great King and our take care of him and cure hi:n if pos-
Country. nor only so the hands that sible. To these may be added that
were closely shut. nor would grant though it was impossible to obtain
his Majesty's general a single farth- through the Summer, or even yet. any
ing against a Savage Foe, have been premium for Indian Scalps. or en-
liberally opened, and the publlck couragement to excite volunteers to go
money basely prosituted to hire. at an fDrth against them; Yet, when a few
exhorbitant rate, a mercernary Guard of them knDwn to be the fast friends
to protect his Majesty's wDrst of Df Dur enemies, and some of them
Enemies, thDse falsely pretended In- murderers themselves, when. these
dian Friends, while. at the same time. have been struck with a distressed.
Hundreds of PDor Dlstresseu Famll- bereft, injured frDntier, a liberal re-
ies of his Majesty's subjects obliged ward is Dffered fDr apprehending the
to abandDn their Posseasions and fly perpetrtators of that horrible c.rime
for their lives at least. are left, ex- Df killing his Majesty's Cloaked Ene-
cept a small relief at first, in the most mies, and their conduct painted in the
distressing circumstances, to. starve most atrociDus CDlours. whUe the
neglected, save what the friendly hor.rid ravages. cruel murders. and
hand of p.rivate. Donations has contri- most shocking barbarities, committed
Digitized by Coogle
386
by Indians on His Majesty's of the Majority of the Good Inhabi-
cooereu OVZ5Z5 and exeused unfff:f tf:nts this P.rn::lnco: shnuld nwaksu
the charitable term of this being their the resentment of the People grossly
!::ethod of maRring "f::r. But to
count the many repeated gr ievances
wx mExht Just1::: complol:::,
and instances of. a most violent aot-
tgghm:::nt Indions were tedfous
the patience of the to en-
:txre more: ::nd ?zett:"::" be eupcl:::xd;ffnr
need we besurprled at Indians inso-
a]}useu: unx:iohtexmslo buwltmexr an::,
made dupes and Slaves to the In-
diens:
x
An:] m::t an weH di::
posed people entertain a Charitable
szmtim:nt th:oe wHo, thefl owu
Great Expence and: trouble have at-
tompter ae shall attempt: reseuing
laboring lllllld from a weight so op-
plesslee, uueeasxmabif: anx] unjust?
i:fxe u::d llUalny, when Is ,:onsi:f-
Is this we design, It Is this we are re-
ere.d, and which can be proved from
pxtillic lecards Of COliain ::oupty
some time: before Weis:er adx:xpt Moafura nOl ao a:reez:ble
med, ::omo Indmns. to me I could be desi red, and to which extent
Great Island or Wlghalousmg, assur- a.lone compels.
hiur th::: Is: ::::1 P':mb:::::on Can
clent which 1764-Benjamln Frankllnxs View of
luz:g :a vo foxmd Tfdf KUUng x.zn tde Cooes@.4>bB.
means to enslave the province to In- As nearly all readers of Histary
:iiz:ns} to:udher: with orders d fixe kz:ow the most inttlligenoe uxx.d
Friends. had given them a rod to severest denunciations of the dastard-
OXfour:oe ti:o whiLe h.zOpl.z that wtre kit fing tb.zse Conertoguff
settled on the Purchased lands, far peared in the form of a pamphlet by
tbat fJuas had ohear::d Ulom xmt Of a Cenjamin :Er'ranklEn. it mz:o b:: foulHi
great deal of land, or had not given In the Historical Society at Philadel-
:near enfficlnnt price for what Ere nad %fhla. g:zxat many ::fthax: pa:nphkrs
bought; and that the traders ought were written upon the subject and
HEro, be ecoff:Hed: Tar tREat they unme::ous odlcIes in tho Poonsnl:
frauded the Indians, by selling gOodS! vania Gazette and other papers of the
thx:m at tOO dear r::tn; aHd UHft Zixne. It xxauseh a hreal exxztiemenf
this relation Is a matter of Lact, can throughout all Eastern Pennsylvania.
::::sib be x:OVn:; In the Con fty z:f
tRerks. Such is the unhappy situation, 2h64-tfhe tfost tRW4x hnd3zms :!n Lan-
Wider the tRiHainb, Ifffatuetion and aosffi.aa CXfxmtf:
buence of a certain Faction, that have In the New Era of September 11,
the PnliticeE refpffs he:nd, ePd x507 t:moz:n the: p::::z::eehings gf
tnxely tyrannize over the other good I family reunion apgears the
of the Prorisce: Anh can it fnilowfng itz:m
thmxghf etrf:xlge iliat a leene of "'In a lonely spot in one of the
such treatment as this, and the nuw ?zx:ck l:r:st:xrn fiz:lhs thir H()Hfxstz:X::f
gfidlnh, in this f:ltl:,::? ju:::z:tule, to ail (The Old Hershey Homestead) the
(lu.r former distresses, that dh::ag"fxe- ::iSitOl::: fO:::ffd stone mar?zers xxd
:: I
I
were friendly and during their de-
clining years were cared for by
Christian Hershey, who then owned
the homestead. The following docu-
ment was read by Mr. Hershey at this
spot, after prayer over the r.emains of
these last Children of the 1/'arest, by
Rev. Hershey.
'Protection for Two Friendly Indians
In Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
By Ho'ble John Penn, Esq., &c.,
To Whom It May Concern:
Greeting: Whereas, I am given to
understand that the Bea.rers Michael
and Mary his wife are friendly In-
dians who formerly resided with
other Indians in the Conestoga Man-
or, and have for upwards of fifteen
months last past lived with Christian
Hershey, at his plantation in War-
wick Township, Lancaster Co., Pa.,
during which time they have con-
stantly behaved in the most friendly
and peaceable manner to all his M ~
jesty's subjects, I do hereby. grant
the said Michael and Mary my pro-
tection and do enjoin and require all
officers, civil and Mil1tary, as well as
all other persons whatsoever within
this Government to suffer to pass and
repass on their lawful business with-
out the least molestation or interrup-
tion, and they are hereby also desir-
ed to treat the said Indians with Civ-
ility and to afford them all neCeBS8.ry
assistance.
Given under my Hand and Seal at
Arms at Philadelphia, the 17th Aug.,
1764: . JOHN PENN.
'By his Honour's Command
JOHN SHIPPEN. Secretary.
Thus it wlll be noticed that the
Hershey family is honored with de-
enUy burying the last Indians of
Lancaster County, and suitably mark-
ing thei.r graves."
1768--A Reference to the Conestoga
KIlUng.
the Assembly sent a message to the
Governor, referring to General Gage's
and William Johnson's viewa of the
killing, and recaUed to the mind of
the Governor the fact that we did not
pay sufficient attention to the point
hat we were occupying the Indians'
lands without thew consent. And
they also say that they can never for-
get the horrid murder committed in
1763 on the remnant of the Cones-
toga India.ns at Lancaster.
1770-TIIe Murder of the Conestoga
IndJans StilI Lingers 10 the
Minds of the People.
under the date of 1770, there is a
deposition by John Phil1p DeHoos of
the Tonnship of Lebanon in Lancas-
ter County, in which he says that it
is understood that 200 Pounds were
still offered as a premium for the
persons who were concerned in mur-
dering the Indians in the I.ancaste.r
jail.
1776--Descendants of the Cayugas
Claim the Old IodJan Town 10
Manor Township.
In Mombert's History of Lancaste.r
County at p. 280 we find the follow-
ing:
"At a Councn held at Philadelphia,
on Tuesday 16th May, 1775.
PRESENT;
The Honourable John Penn. Esquire,
Governor.

James Tilghman, Andrew Allen, Es-
quires.
The Governor acquainted the Board
that eight Cayuga Indians came to
Town on Saturday last from Cones-
togoe, on the Cayuga Branch of the
Susquehanna, on some Business with
this Government, and that he now
proposed to hear what they had to
say. Whereupon the Board agreed
that they should be immediately sent.
for, and they were accordingly intro-
duced.
Digitized by Coogle
The Governor then acquainting The eight Cayuga Indians being
them that he was ready to hear them, sent for, attended at a Board in or-
addressing himself to the Governor, der to receive the Governor's answer
ftrst went through scme short usual to their Speech on Tuesday last,
ceremonies of clearing the Throat which the Governor in part delivered
and Heart, and opening the Ears, et.c., to them; but as it appeared to the
and then producing a belt of wam- Board that the Indians did not clear-
pum, spoke as follows, viz: That ly and fully comprehend his meaning,
three of their Company, who were the person who undertook to inter-
present as the nearest surviving re- pret to them not being sumciently
lations of the old Seneca Sohaes, who acquainted with their Language, and
lived for many years with his family the Indians expressing great dlssat-
and connections on a tract of land Isfactlon on being Informed that this
within the Manor of Conestogo, in land had already been purchased and
Lacaster County; that the old' man paid for, it was agreed that Isaac
with his family and relations were Still, a Delaware Indian Interpreter,
several years ago murdered there by should be immediately sent for, to
some wicked men belonging to this interpret the Governor's answer to
Government; and that the said T.ract the Indians in Council, on Saturday
of Land containing about 600 acres, morning next.
now became the property of il,s three I At a Council held at Philadelphia,
, on Saturday 20th May 1776
relations J:.ow present, one of whom ' .
is Sohaes' Brother; that they had PRESENT:
come doWn at this time to E'ee their I William Logan, Andrew Allen, James
Brother Onos and make sale of the Tilghman, Edward Shippen, Junr.,
, Esquires.
said land to him; that the land is The eight Cayuga Indians, by de-
very rich and worth a great deal of sire of the Governor, again attended
money, but as their brother Onas the Boa.rd, with the Indian Interpre-
was himself well acquainted with Its ter Isaac StUl, and havin taken their
value, they desired he would purchase seats th S k t
g
d
, e pea er repea e over the
It from them at such a pri:le as he speech he had delivered to th _
thought reasonable, and they' would ernor' e Gov
be entirely satlsfted. He then dellv- the sam' one iTnUeSdbaYt last, which was
su s ance as entered on
ered the belt ot Wampum to the Gov- the minutes of th t d d th
ernor, and told him that he had ftn- a ay an e Gov-
Ished what he had to say. ernor .returned them his answer,
The Governor thereupon acquainted which was fully explained by them
the Indians that he and his Council by Isaac Still, and is as follows, viz:
would take their speech into consid- BRETHREN: The tract of land you
eration, and give them an answer on mention, consisting of 600 acres, part
Thursday morning. of the Conestoga Manor, wnere old
At a Council held at Philadelphia, Sohes dwelt, was included in a pur-
on Thursday, 18th May, 1776. chase long since made from the In-
PRESENT: dians, notWithstanding which,' I agree
The Honourable John Penn, Es- that Sohaes and his Family had the
quire, Governor. Proprietaries' permiSSion to live
William Logan, Andrew Allen, Benja- thereon as long as they chose to re-
min Chew, Edward Shippe'l, Junr., main in the inhabitant part of the
ESQuires.
country. Some time after the death
Digitized by Coogle
389
of Sohaes, and all his Family that re-
sided there in the year 1768, there
was a Treaty held at Fort Stanwix,
to which I was invited by ~ I r Wil-
Uam Johnson .. in order to treat with
the Indians, concerning the purchase
of a large tract of land, part of which
lay in the King's Governments and
part in the Province of Pennsylvania;
at this treaty the last great Indians
purchase was made, for which I then
paid the Indians ten 'I'housand Dol-
lars. But before the treaty was fin-
ished, Sir William Johnson informed
me that the Indians expected to be
paid for the 500 acres of land, part of
the Conestogo Manor, where Sohaes
dwelt; I accordingly agreed to pay
them for It. The price agreed on was
two hundred Pounds, York money, or
$500, the value of which was then
delivered In goods to Togaiato, the
Cayuga Chief, to be distributed as he
thought proper, and the deed I now
show you, for the land of the Indians
I bought of the Indians at that treaty,
signed by he Chiefs of the Six Na-
tions, expressly includes ths 500 acres
of land.
Having therefore, already purchas-
ed the land twice, It can not reason-
ably be expected that I should pay It
again. However, as you have come
from a great distance, under the ex-
pectation of selllng this land, and
perhaps did not receive as great a
proportion of the goods I delivered at
Fort Stanwix, as should have been
paid to the relations of Sohaes, and
to show you the desire I have to pre-
serve peace and friendship with the
Indians, and that when they pay me
a visit they should not go away dis-
satisfied; I am wllling to make you a
present, which I hope you wlll think
a generous one; I, therefore, desire
you will except of these $300.
The Indians, accordingly very glad-
ly accepted the $300, and signed a
receipt for the same on the back of
the deed executed at Fort Stanwix,
expressing It to be In full satisfac-
tion of all claims of Sohaes' Family
to the said 500 acres of land." .
From this we see that the Indians
were very willing to give up 'l.nything
they might lay hold to about the Con-
estoga creek.
IncUan Children's Sport with the
German Children.
The subject of this item Is put at
the end of these annals because it Is
not practical to aftlx to it any date
but inasmuch as it has to do with
the children ancients, I have put it
at the close. It is as follows:
In Vol. 7 of Hazard's Register, p.
163 it Is found the following .relative
to the above. It is a narrative of an
old time Mennonite or .Amlshman
concerning the early doings about
Conestoga.
",An aged member of the Amish or
Ommish faith relates, that he often
heard his grandfather say, that his
family was one of the fi.rst of the
Europeans who settled west of the
Conestoga. That the Indians lived
near them; and that the German and
Indian children would frequetly play
together in the neighborhbg wig-
wam. Sometimes you would !lee them
engaged in contests of foot race; in
which the Indian lads would excel al-
though the German boys would dis-
card their clothes to put them on an
equality with the naked savages.
Sometimes with the bow and arrow,
but here the little Indians would all
show their superiority In skill, and
accuracy of aim. In wrestUng, and
most of their exerCises, the Indian
boys excelled; but in the mechanical
arts the little emigrants had the ad-
vantage. I have often seen the Chiefs
recUning on the g.round, leaning on
the arm, looking at the diversions
Digitized by Coogle
nts of the children' and I ance of vigor, health and Iltrength,
and amuseme , dd b ty then Bur
when the little Indian would. excel and, I maya, eau ; -
rounding it, they would say, 'by this
::::: chain thus linked together, may it re-
that the little German boya would main unbroken as this tree has sur-
h
\'ived the storm'. Again, 'If any of
show some degree of anger, w en
they were unsuccessful, by giving a us shall violate this pledge, may the
blow, or
taking up a stone and un- U;"htnlng shiver such to pieces as a
lofty pine In a thunder storm.'
ceremoniously hurl It at the head of It was not until the Introduction of
a competitor, which the little Indians spirituous Uquor, tha.t the neighbor-
would receive with the utmost com- hood of the Indians proved dangerous
lllacency. I was one day amused by to the whites, but not to us, for we
seeing a struggle between an Indian gave them no liquor, and neither did
and a German; ,the former was we trade with them, for our religion
younger but more active than the lat- forbade it.
ter, and the little son of 'tbe forest It may be not unnecessary to add,
was evidently playing with the that the Indians had the most Im-
strength of his adversary; the Ger- plicit confidence In William Penn;
man became heated, and exerting whom they were always inclined to
all his strength endeavored to throw respect as a superior being; and the
his companion on the ground; but great confidence was frequently .re-
the wily Indian gave a sudden trip, ferred to by them, in their several
which caused the German to fall be- talks at Lancaster and at Conestoga."
neath; who, rising angrily. seized a "The Brennemans' settled west of
stone and levelled his opponent to the Conestoga In the year 1719."
earth. The chiefs who were near We have now traced the history of
laughed very heartily, but the li.ttle the Indians that inhabited the sec-
white faces did not walt to see the tlon of the Country, which afterwards
result lout ran hastily homewards, became Lancaster County, from the
dreading a severe castigation. In all earliest date upon which any authen-
and every transaction we had with tic information could be found down
the Indians, we found them mild and to the date of the disappearance of
peaceable; and, as just related, not the last of them. These annals
disposed, to revenge, when the act I therefore extend over a period of two
appeared to be a momenta.ry burst of centuries and a half. The Indians
passIon: I have often seen the little who inhabited this neighborhood
Breneman's, children of a Mennonite were at one time the mightiest tribe
emigrant, playing in the most sport- In the Central Atlantic States. They
ive and innocent manner with the I1t- frightened all the Virginia and Mary-
tIe red faces, and I ever lmow or land Indians into subjection, includ-
heard of one little white face recelv- Ing Powhatan's mighty trioe. They
ing an injury from their red breth- conquered all the tribes arollnd them
,ren; that is, no Intentional !y.jury. North and South and during the per-
I remember the hickory tree which iod from 1600 to 1660 were in the
once stood In the centre of Lancas- height of their glory and power.
ter. It was customary for the In- They were during that period known
dlans, when about to form a treaty, as the "Giant Susquehannocks." They
to select a tree which had an appear- ! met their first conqueror after the
Digitized by Coogle
391 A:-<:-<ALS OF THE S\.l'S QUEHANNOCKS AND
1<'lve Nations of New York began a I The last remnant of those who .re-
confederacy, and the mastery of the mained here were cruelly butchered
fo'ive Nations, even In their confeder- as we' have just shown in DE-cember,
ated strength and only det.ermlned 1763. After the outrageous ,,;laughter
after a 20 years' war beginning in their bodies were tende.rly taken
1655 and ending in 16i". From that I charge of and buried in the ceme-
date the Susquehannock Tribe was tery, In the rear of what is known
diYlded, and one branch after march- as Martin'lI Hall on East Chestnut
ing th.rough Maryland and Virginia I Street. which I understand was
and inciting the Bacon RebelJlon, a Mennonite or Quaker cemetery
came back to their old location on I or both. When the Pennsylvania
the Susquehanna. The other portion railroad was cut through Vl.ncaster,
was taken by the FiYe Nations t9 live which now lies in a deep cut. pass-
with them In New York, The com- Ing back of the cemetery, the bones
ing of civilization was their death of these poor old Indians rolled down
knell. Only a small portion of them the slol>es of the cut from their
staid in what is now Lancaster
County and faded away before the graves where they had lain or repos-
white man. The Major portion of ed over three-fourth of a century.
them went west as the Frontle.r And this concludes the annals of the
mm'ed Wcstward and met their Wat- "Susquehannocks and Other Indian
erloo after Braddock's defeat on the Tribes of Lancaster County."
extreme branches of the Sns'luehanna
and the head waters of the Allegheny H. FRANK ESHLEMA..1\T, Esq.,
and Ohio Rivers. January 21, 1909
Digitized by Coogle
392
INDEX.
A
Argoll, Samuel on the Susquehannocks ............................ 14
Andastes or Susquehannocks ...................................... 14
"Alaentsic" Grandmother of the World ................... , ........... 19
Analysis, Evans' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Alsop's Account of the Susquehannocks ............................. 62
Attainder of Truman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Andros, Edmund, Invites the Susquehannocks Back to the River... 100
.Andros Stands by the Susquehannocks ............................ 103
Askin Sells Rum to the Conestogas ............................... 154
Airens, Rev., Preaches at Conestoga ................................ 169
Assembly Wants Larger Presents for the Conestogas .............. 200
Albany Treaty ..................................................... 274
Albany and the Conestogas ........................................ 280
Assembly on the Cartlldge Murder ...................... 1........... 281
Aston, George, Wa.rDs the 'Conestogas .............................. 290
Albany Treaty ..................................................... 315
Apples Grown by the Indians ....................................... 319
AlleghenY-Shawanese at .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 321
Armstrong, John, Killed near Lancaster ............................ 348
B
Big Indian Picture Rock .......................................... 5
Barbarities of the Susquehannocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Baptism of a Susquehannock ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Brent, Arrested for Aba.ndoning Expedition ................ . . . . . . . . 29
Beaver Trade of the Susquehannocks .............................. 45
Burial Customs of the Susquehannocks ............................. 63
Baell, Ninian-Witness Against Truman ............................ 92
Brant. Captain, Reports the Susquehannocks and Senecas Invading .. 115
Beall, Ninian, To Slaughter the Susquehannocks .................... 119
Beall, Ninian, Made Ranger ........................................ 122
Beall, Ninia-n's Expedition and Slaughter ........................... 122
Beall. Ninian Helps the Susquehannocks to Slaughter Enemies ...... 122
Basallion, Order Against ........................................... 142
Beall To Keep the Susquehannocks Out of Maryland................ 148
Blzalion's Trading House .......................................... 155
Buck's Statement of Penn's Visit ................................... 160
Biza.lion and Letort Held In Bonds ................................. 172
Bizallon Again Suspected .......................................... 173
Bb:alion Takes Up Land Above Conestoga .......................... 193
Blzallon Acting Suspiciously ........................................ 201
Butchery in the South ............................................. 239
Bacon's RebellioD-Susquehannocks Caused It ...................... 240
Baltimore, Lord Interferes With the Conestogas .................... 276
Rlunston. Letter to, by Gordon ....................................... 297
BluDston's Letter to Logan ....................... 1 309
Blunston Fears the Loyalty of the Five Na.tions .................... 309
Bears Caught at Conestoga ......................................... 320
Ball at Lancaster in 1744 .......................................... 344
Digitized by Coogle
393 INDEX
Billy Sock's Treachery.............................................. 370
Breneman Chlldren played with the Indian Children 389
Burial Place of Murdered Conestogas .............................. 391
C
Cannibals, First Susquehannocks Cannibal!! ........................ 4
Chesapeake, Delaware Channel Proposed In 1613 .................... Hi
Claybourne on the Susquehanna ................................... 15
Claybourne's Attack ................................................ 16
Claybourne Arrested for Treason ................................... 17
Cornwaleys Against the Susquehannocks ............................ 19
Claybourne Buys Susquehanna Valley .............................. 19
Claybourne Petitions King for Trade Rights ........................ 19
Claybourne Defends Purchase ...................................... 20
Conestoga., The Limit of the Swedes" Purchase ..................... 21
Conawago, Limit of the Swedes' Purchase .......................... 21
Claybourne's Title Set Aside ....................................... 21
Claybourne's Difficulties ............................................ 23
Claybourne Produces a Witness .................................... 24
Christian Susquehannock Speared to Death ......................... 27
Cornwalyes, Their Power Against Susquehannocks ................. 30
Cruelty of the Susquehannocks ..................................... 36
Cries of III Dead Chief .............................................. 69
Cayugas Whipped by Susquehannock Boys ......................... 70
Cotton, Anne's Account of the Fall of the Susquehannocks:......... 88
Collyer to Protect the Susquehannocks .............. ,.............. 104
Coursey, Henry, Ambassador To Make Peace With the Susquehannocks 107
Conestogas Agree to Watch the Shawanese- ........................ 111
Conestoga, The Beginning Of ....................................... 117
Conestoga.s, Origin Of .............................................. 117
Conestogas Meet Penn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 125
Conestogas Take Meat to Penn ............................... ,.... 126
Conestogas Sell to Penn ........................................... 127
Canassatego Refers to Penn's First Susquehanna Purchase .......... 129
Conestoga, Penn's First Visit to ................................... 129
Council of Pennsylvania Protects the Susquehannocks ............... 135
Conestoga Road to Philadelphia .'................................... 136
Conestoga-French and Senecas Coming to Destroy ................. 138
Conestoga-First French Traders Around ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 138
Conestogas-First French Traders Among .......................... 138
Chartier, Martin-First Appearance in Conestoga ................... 138
Conestogas-Commlssloner Sent Along . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139
Conestogas-French Polluting ...................................... 139
Conestogas-Earliest Trade With Philadelphia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139
Campanius on the Minquays ........................................ 139
Conestoga, Early--Campanlus On ................................... 139
Among ...................................... 140
Civility, Captain ................................ " ...... " .. .. . .... 141
Conestoga Chiefs Visit Councll ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 142
Council Visited by the Conestogas ................................. 142
Conestoga Trade Flourishing ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 143
Conestogas And Others Trade With Maryland ....................... 143
Conestoga-Ganawese Come To ..................................... 147
Conestogas' Great Sale .to Penn .................................... 151
Conestogas Abused ................................................. 154
Conestogas Guarantee The Conduct of the Ganawese ................ 154
Chalkley Visits Conestoga .......................................... In5
Conestoga-Great Indian Capital ................................... 155
Digitized by Coogle
INDEX 394
Conestoga Great Road .............................................. 166
Conestogas Trade With Philadelphia .... ' ........................... 166
Conestoga-Letort Leaves For Canada ............................. 158
Cassawetoway, alias Indian Harry .................................. 168
Chew, Samuel, On Penn At Susquehanna ............................ 160
Conestog8r-Treaty on Parchment .................................. 160
Conestoga-Great Treaty of 1701 ................................... 162
Chiefs, Forty Chiefs at the Treaty ........... :...................... 164
Conestogas Give Penn Good-bye in 1701 ............................ 165
Conestogas and Indian Rum Trade ................................. 166
Conestogas Great Friends of Pennsylvania ......................... 167
Columbia., Skeletons At ............................................ 167
Chartler-Survey on Susquehanna .................................. 168
Christians at Conestoga ............................................ 168
Conestoga, Christians At ............................................ 168
Conestoga, Earliest Settlers At ....................... : ............. 169
Conestoga-First Preaching to the Indians ......................... 169
Conestoga, Earliest Settlers At ... ,................................ 169
Conestoga-First Preaching to the Indians ........................ 169
Conestogas' War Expedition South ................................ 170
Chesapeake, Penn Wants Settlement On ........................... 171
Conestogas Do Not Visit Philadelphia Now ........................ 171
ChalkleY-Another Visit ........................................... 172
Conestogas-French Weaning From the English ................... 172
Conestogas, Some Leave Home .................................... 173
Conestoga Depredations ............................................ 176
Conestogas Suffering-The Winter of 1714 .......................... 176
Conestogas Killed, by Strange Indians .............................. 176
Chartier-Suspiciously Intends to Leave Conestoga .... ' ............. 177
Conestogas Swear Letort Into Jail .................................. 177
Conestogas Fear Maryland ..................................... : .... 178
Conestoga, Logan's First Treaty ..................... :.............. 179
Conestogas, Fraud On .............................................. 182
Conestoga Trip, Logan .............................................. 182
Conestogas, et. al. Go to Philadelphia .............................. 183
Conestoga Treaty-Logan's Cost of ................................. 184
Conestoga Treaty by Evans ......................................... 184
Chalkley-Another Visit to Conestoga .............................. 185
Conestoga-Palatines Buy Land .................................... 187
Conestoga-Evans Arrives July I, 1706 ............................. 190
Cartier, Martin-Death Of .......................................... 193
Conestogas Complain-The French Build'ing Houses ................ 194
Conestoga-Missionaries at, in 1808. . ................ :.............. 194
Conestogas Willing to Help E n ~ U s h Go Fight the. French .......... 195
Conestogas Inquire About Further Treaty .......................... 196
Conestogas Go To See Govern,or Gookin ........................... 197
Conestogas Compelled to Pay The Five Nations Tribute............. 198
Conestoga, Whites Begin Real Settlement .......................... 199
Conestogas-First True Settlement of Whites Among ............... 199
Conestoga Queen Goes to Philadelphia ............................. 200
Conestogas-Larger Presents For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 200
Conestogas Receive Mysterious Belt ................................ 200
Conestoga-A Reply To a Sermon .................................. 204
Conestogas And Hell ............................................... 205
Conestogas, Their God ............................................. 206
Conestoga--Great Meeting of Chiefs ................................ 206
Conoys At Philadelphia ............................................ 206
Conestoga-Expense of Treaty At .................................. 207
Conestoga-Gookln's Treaty of 1711 ................................ 208
Digitized by Coogle
395 INDEX
Conestogas-A Delegation Goes- to Philadelphia ..................... 207
Conestoga, Mennonites Arrive ...................................... 210
Conestoga Chiefs Ordered to Come to Philadelphia.................. 210
Conestogas-Another Body Come to Council ........................ 211
Conestogas-War With the Tuscaroras ............................. 215
Catawba Boy Captured at Pequea .................................. 216
Chalkley Preaches to the Susquehanna Indians ...................... 216
C1vlllty of Conestoga, Message to Council .......................... 216
Conestoga Indians Visit Council .................................... 217
Conestoga Road, Beginning of, In Lancaster County ................. 218
Conestoga Treaty-G'Oods Used .. -:.................................. 218
Conestoga Town Moved Twenty Miles ............................. 219
Conestogas Explain Removal of the Town .......................... 221
Conestogas Treat With Virginia .................................... 223
Cartlidge, John and Disturbance at Conestoga .:.................... 223
Conestoga Treaty, Minutes Lost .................................... 223
Conestogas In Fear Beg a Treaty ....................... ,........... 223
Conestoga-Great Treaty At ................................ ; . . . . .. 224
Catawba Captive Among Shawanese ................................ 226
Conestogas Complained Against by Virginia ......................... 228
Conestogas, Their Town Fenced In .................................. 228
Cartlledge Made Protector of the Conestogas ....................... 228
Conestoga Treaty, Minutes Of ...................................... 228
Conestoga Indian Town ............................................ 2Z9
Conestoga-Land Survey At ....................................... 229
Conestoga Manor-Town Laid Out .................................. 229
Conestogas March to Philadelphia In 1718........................... 230
Conestoga Treaty-The Presents .................................... 233
Conestoga Treaty-An Indian Signer ............................... 234
Conestoga Road-Additional Proceedings ............................ 234
Conestogas Jealous of Palatines \Mennonltes) ...................... 235
Conestoga Treaty by Colonel French ................................. 235
Cartlledge, John-Account of costs ................................. 238
Conestogas Accused of Southern Outrages .......................... 239
Conestogas Complain of Southern Attack ........................... 240
Conestoga, Many of the Five Nations Living at. ..................... 240
Conestoga-Treaty By Logan In 1720 ................................ 241
Clvlllty at the French Treaty ....................................... 246
Conestogas Compelled by the Five Nations to F 1 ~ h t In the South.... 248
Conestogas Fear the Five Nations Will Exterminate Them........... 248
Cost of the Second Conestoga Treaty ............................... 250
Conestogas Go to the Wabash To Fish .............................. 251
Conestogas' Message of Peace to the South.......................... 251
Conestoga Treaty-Five Nations Come To ........................... 251
Conestoga-The Great Treaty of 1721. .............................. 252
Conestoga Treaty of 1721-Bradford's Pamphlet Of .................. 25'!
Conestoga Treaty of 1721-Irlsh Reprint ............................ 252
Conestoga, Description of, In 1721. ................................... 253
Conestoga-Kindness of the Mennonites ............................ 253
Conestoga-Great Treaty of 1721 Continued by Logan ................ 261
Conestoga King' Killed ............................................. 264
C1villty-A Descendant of the Ancient Susquehannocks .............. 264
Cocalico--Nantlkokeil Move to ...................................... 265
Cartlidge KlIIs A Conestoga Indian ................................. 265
Conestoga-KlIIed by Cartlidge ..................................... 265
Conestoga Murder-Action On ...................... ;............... 265
Cartlidge Murder, Action On ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 265
Cartlidge, Edward-Indian Murder .................................. 265
Conestoga, Counell at, in 1722........................................ 266
Digitized by Coogle
INDEX 396
find the CUUl4?EJtoga Mutd4?t . . . . . . . . 272
Murder of thr Googrnment. 272
Cartihidh In Jail 272
Cartlidge, Mrs.-Indians, Comfort ................................. 273
Conestoga Murder-Five Nations' Attitude .......................... 273
Conestoga Murder, Local Indians Much Excited ..................... ,. 273
Conestoga. Land Claimed at, By the Cayugas 377
Glalm Lghd Conestfihrr 277
Indian Locatior' 277
COooEJt.odr=h, Delerrhl.uo uf, at Phitfidglphla .. . . .... .. 277
Cartlidge, Indians Want Him Pardoned ............................. 278
Conestoga-Five Nations surrender all Claim to the Penns .......... 278
Conestoga Treaty With Virginia .................................... 278
Conestogas, et. aJ.-Message Sent to ................................. 279
Courrlt'itkl.S Answklr 279
Cartlddtr Murder-l.l,t Assembld 281
Comrdr l.() To Pao X'ribute.... 281
COUrrlnit1l-Warroni Out Kr51t.h At.. 281
Conestogas Have a Copy of the Treaty of 1682..................... 281
Conestogas Remember Penn ........................................ 282
Conestoga-The Indian Murder Disc! ssed ........................... 285
Comrstenir Chiefs it Philadelphli In 1727..... 286
Con4?hluyznS Threat.rmed by the Nations. 290
Couo:etnnas-Treat:, ?le Held 292
ConnolU?lns-No Tro55.ih for Six 292
Conestogas Complain Against the English ........................... 293
Civility's Letter to Council .......................................... 294
Conestoga-Captaln's Letter to Council ............................. 294
Conestogas Killed by Shawanese .................................... 294
C01rhrlunus Want Flaht the Fhomrmese ... 295
Clul1Fta.......;[tordon Word Tu 297
ClrlRftF'55 Message 299
CI55nEt;;r't Second G n :5rnor ........................... 300
Civility-Death of His ............................... , ........ 300
Cartlidge, Edward-Letter About Shawanese ......................... 301
Conestoga Treaty, The G'reat of 1728................................. 301
ConaatoFns Huntino . . . . . . . . 302
Contato?la Indian rrlgtder-Won1 General 381
Coun55!.o05i Murdego'5'5i-Heward For ., 381
Conttt.o?la Indian .Murder-Letter lRfllJlam 381
Conestoga Indian Murder-Word to New york ....................... 382
Conestoga Indian Murder-New York Enraged ..................... 382
Conestoga Indian Murder-Five Nations Enraged .................... 382
Conestoga Indian Murder-Benjamin Kendal's Report ................ 382
Counrteog Indian l'::iur?lur-Roberr. Tuiton Sr. unettEon. . . . . 382
Couo51onu Indian MHnier-.JustEiliAt:otten 383
Couegt:::iliAt. Indian l'::luriliAur-Fran?l1in'5r View . 386
COZle55iona Indian f5:j "':in-Echo 1768 ........................ 387
Conestoga Indian Murder-Memory cf, in 1770 ............. ' ......... 387
Conestoga Indiantown-Indian Descendants Claim .................. 387
Conestoga Indian Bones-Pennsylvania Railroad Cut ................ 391
Com5rtr:nOrS Told MriDare Far ['reaty. . .
Coonntona Treaty 728-Pressnts ;:ror .... 302
Consstnnr Attends 302
Treatn Stlpulat1on5r 303
Conestoga Treaty-Gordon's Reception on Return.................... 307
Conestoga Treaty-Kindness of the Inhabitants ..................... 307
Conestoga Company on Horseback .................... 307
Conestoga-Disturbed Condition ................... 308
397 INDEX
Conestoga Chiefs at Philadelphia ................................... 309
Conestoga-Five Nation Chiefs At ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 309
Conestoga Indillills At Phlladelphla ................................... 310
Conestoga Treaty-Tawenna's Speech ............................... 311
Conestoga Treaty-ClvlUty'.'I Speech ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 312
Clvlllty's Speech at the Conestoga Treaty........................... 312
Conestoga Treaty-Gordon's Speech ................................. 312
Conestoga Treaty, GanllJwese, Delawares and Others Present .......... 313
Cow KllIed By the Indians, ,Paid For................................ 313
Conestqgas KllIed by the Southern Indians .......................... 314
Clvlllty-Letter on the Slaughter of the Conestogas ...... ............ 314
Conestoga-Germans Disturb the Indians ............................ 318
Court House, Partly Frame ......................................... 319
Conoys Have Captured a Mulatto .................................... 319
Cartlidge's Indian Treaty ....................... :................... 319
Cartlidge Treats at Conestoga ....................................... 319
Cartlidge's Testimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 320
Conestogas Wrongly Accused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 322
Complaints of the GlIJDawese ........................................ 323
Conestoga-The Governor's Secretary Visits ......................... 324
Charles, Robert Visits Conestoga .................................... 324
Conestogas Receive Much Rum ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 324
Chartier, Peter Brings Rum to Conestoga ........................... 324
Civlllty Sent for by the Government ................................. 324
Conestoga Indians Complain against the Traders ..................... 326
Conestogas Show Penn's Treaty ..................................... 326
Conestoga-Treaty of 1736 .......................................... 326
Conestoga-Indian Depredations At ................................. 331
Conestoga-News of Murder ........................................ 334
Conestoga-Shawanese Chiefs at .................................... 326
Conestop,-Another Treaty At ...................................... 336
Conestogas at the Five Nation Treaty................................ 337
Conestogas-Names of at Treaty .................................... 338
Conoys Claim Land ................................................. 347
Conestogas at the Lancaster Treaty of 1744 ........................ 347
Chartier, Peter Joins the French ................................... 348
Council Fire at Lancaster ............................................ 360
Conoys of Ohio Claim Conoytown.................................... 361
Conestogas-Conference With In 1760................................ 363
Conestogas-Shlckalamy's S I ! ~ t e r With .............................. 363
Conestoga-Friendly Indians Invited to ............................. 364
Conestogas Very Poor .............................................. 366
Croghan's Conference At Harris's Ferry ............................. 368
Conestoga at Croghan's ............................................ 368
Conestogas Must Have Clothing ..................................... 368
Conestogas Threaten to Leave Lancaster County..................... 369
Conestogas-Satisfaction to be Made to .............................. 370
Conestoga-Another Councll Held In 1768 ......................... : .. 372
Conestogas-Conference at Lancaster In 1760 ........................ 373
Conoys at Chenango ................................................ 374
Conestogas Murdered' ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 376
Conestogas-Addresses from ........................................ 374
Conestoga Indian Murder-Penn's Message .......................... 376
Conestoga Indian Murder-Further Steps by Penn.................... 376
Conestoga Murder-Governor's Message ............................. 377
Conestoga Indian Murder-Penn's Proclamation ..................... 377
Conestoga Murder-Lancaster Jail .................................. 378
Conestoga Indian Murder-Lists of Goods ............................ 379
Conestoga Indian Murder-Sheriff's Message ......................... 380
Digitized by Coogle
INDEX 398
Conestogas-Names of Those Murdered 380
o
Dress of the Susquehannocks ....................................... 8
Dutchmen About Chesapeake ....................................... 10
Delawares Made Women ................................ '" . . . . . . . . . . 15
Dutch Give the Susquehannocks Firearms ........................... 16
DeVries Mests the Susquehannocks................................... 18'
Dress of the Susquehannocks ..... , ... , .............. ,............. 33
Devils of the Susquehannocks ................. , .............. ,...... 43
Dungan's Opinion of the Five Nations ........ , ................... , ... 110
Dungan's View of the Defeat Qf the Susquehannocks ........ , ....... 110
Du.gan Buys the Susquehanna River................................ 128
Dungan and Penn Disagree about the Susquehanna ............... , .. 128
Dungan Criticizes Penn ........... , ........ : ... , .... , .. ,............ 133
Dungan Proposes a Fort on The Susquehanna ...................... 133
Dungan Wants Susquehanna Indian Trade ....................... 133
Delawares of the Susquehanna Visit Philadelphia .................... 142
Dungan Leases Susquehanna to Penn ................................ 144
Dungan Sells Susquehanna to Penn ................................... 145
Deed-Copy of Dungan's Deed to Penn.............................. 145
Deed to Penn for Susquehanna ............ ' ............. , ......... 151
Deed for Susquehanna Recorded at Phlladelphia..................... 152
Delawares Still on the Schuylklll ...... ,............................. 156
Deed for Conestoga ........................... . .............. , ... , 164
Debauchment of Conestoga Squaws by Governir Evans ... ' ....... , ... , 185
Dream of the' Conestoga Queen ....... , ........ ,.................... 186
Denkanoagah or Washington Borough ............................... 187
Delawares Move to Susquehanna .............. ,..................... 198
Delawares Show a Strange Belt .......... : ............ ,............. 211
Delawares Now Live at Conestoga ............ ',' ..................... 224
Delawares Turning Against the English ............. '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 292
Delawares, A Council Held With ....................... , ............ 292
Delawares Claim Their Lands Are Taken ... , ........... , .... , ....... 292
Delawares-Their Claim Refuted ............................. , .. , ... 293
Death of An Indian Investigated ................. , ......... , ....... 319
Delawares Move West .............................................. 332
Deer's Ha.1r-Shawanese Custom of ... ,............................. 337
Delawares Threatened by the Five Nations ......................... 338
Dance at Lancaster ............. , ........... , .... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 344
Delawares In Treaty at ,............. . ......... , ..... 348
Delawares KUI Armstrong ................................... ,...... 348
Deed-Indian Dated 1753 ........................................... 354
Dungan"':"The Old Purchase Re-called ........................... ,... 355
Dungan Purchase paid for Again ..................... ,............. 355
Dungan Purchase Again Referred to ................................. 356
Delawares Desert the English .................................... ,. 31i8
Delawares Scorn the English .............................. , ...... ,. 363
Delaware Chiefs at Lancaster In 1762 ................................ 374
E
Earliest Appearance of Pennsylvania Indians .................. , .. '.'
Eltienne Brule On Susquehanna In 1615 ............................ .
Evelyn, Robert-A Witness For Claybourne ........ , ............... .
Expedition Against the Susquehannocks ............... , ..... , .... ,'
Expedition Abandoned ....... , ..................................... .
Evelyn's View of the Susquehannocks ................................ .
Digitized by Coogle
3
15
24
28
28
32
I
399 INDEX
Evans, Lewis: On the Defeat of the Susquehannocks ................... 111
Empson, Cornelius-The German Tract .............................. 172
Evans, Governor-Treaty at Conestoga .............................. 184
Evans' Treaty Scandal .............................................. 185
Evans' Second Treaty At Conestoga.................................. 187
Evans' Second Treaty, Cause for ................................... 193
English Settlements Not To Encroach On Indians At Conestoga ....... 285
English, The Delawares Becoming Their Enemies.................... 292
English Hated by the Delawares ................................... 363
Easton, Great Treaty At ............................................. 368
F
Fire Arms Given the Susquehannocks by the Dutch .................. 16
Fleete-His Commission Against the Susquehannocks................ 31
Fort Built in 1646 ........ :......................................... 36
Fur Trade Destroyed by the Susquehannock War .......... :......... 50
Five Nations Appear the Susquehannocks.................... 60
France-King Sees A Susquehannock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Five Nations Determine to Exterminate the Susquehannocks.......... 73
Five Nations Very Haughty Since Defeating the Susquehannocks.... 74
Five Nations-Maryland Makes Peace With ....................... :.. 76
Fall of the Susquehannocks-The. Attack ........................... 79
Fall of the Susquehannocks-The New Fort......................... 81
Fall of the Susquehannocks-The March............................. 84
Fall of the Susquehannocks-The Siege............................. 86
Fall of the Susquehannocks-Evacuation ............................ 86
Fall of the Susquehannocks-The Retrut............................ 88
Fall of the Susquehannocks-Anne Cotton's Account.................. 88
Fall of the Susquehannocks-SJaughter in Virginia................... 89
Fall of the Susquehannocks-Extinction As A Tribe................. 89
Fall of the Susquehannocks-Attainder of Truman.................. 90
False Reports Against the Susquehannocks .......................... 103
Five Nations Break Their Peace With Maryland ...... , ................ 110
Five Nations Determine To Exterminate the Slisquehannocks ........ 110
Five Nations The Most Warlike Indians In America .................. 11
Fort-A New Susquehanna Fort Applied For ........................ 120
Five Nations Oppress Their Susquehannock Slaves ................... 120
Five Nations Sell to Dungan ....................................... 129
Fretwell, Ralph At Susquehanna .................................... 130
Five Nations Penn's Settlement of Susquehanna............. 134
Fretwell's Visit to the Susquehanna River........................... 136
Fort Demolished: Limit of the Walking Purchase .................... 137
French About to Fall on Conestoga ........ : ...................... 138
French and Senecas Conspire the Conestogas ................ 138
French Traders First Among the Conestogas........................ 138
French Suspected the Conestogas ............................ 139
Five Nations Join the French ....................................... 143
French Protestants on Schuylkill ................................... 143
Fortv Susquehannocks Left ......................................... 146
Frisby, James Sent to the Susquehannocks ........................... 148
French Living Back of Conestoga.................................... 154
Fort, Old Susquehannock Four Miles North of the Mouth of the
Conestoga .................................................... 156
French Creek and Penn's Visit ...................................... 161
I<'rench From the English ..................... 172
Five Nations Intend to Carry Off the Shawanese ..................... 174
Five Nation Chiefs Make Treaty at Philadelphia ...................... 175
French Trader About to Leave Suspiciously ..... ,................... 177
Digitized by Coogle
INDEX
400
Fort Susquehanna-Location At This Time ........................... 182
Fraud On The Conestogas .......................................... 182
French Colonel-Messenger to Conestoga ........................... 202
French Colonel-Expense of Conestoga Treaty ....................... 210
Five Nations-Five Hundred at Susq uehanna ....................... 228
Five Hundred Iroquois At Susquehanna ............................. 228
French, Colonel-Treaty With the Conestogas in 1719................ 235
Five Nations-Many of Them at Conestoga .......................... 240
French, Colonel, Lately at Conestoga ................................ 241
Five Nations Frighten and Ridicule the Conestogas.................. 248
Five Nations Compel The Conestogas To Fight Southern Friendly
Indians ..................................................... 248
Flshing-Conestogas Go To Wal:l8iBh ................................. 251
Five Nations' Presents At the Conestoga Treaty...................... 251
Five Nations and the Conestoga Murder.............................. 271
French and Logan Probe the Conestoga Murder...................... 271
Five Nation Provisions at Conestoga ................................. 277
Famine Among the Shawanese ....................................... 281
Five Nation Claims at Conestoga ..................................... 288
Five Nations Threaten Conestoga ................................... 290
Five Nations Ordered Delawares To Fight the English ............... 292
French Rumored Seduction of the Five Nations..................... 302
Five Nations' Rumored Love for the French ......................... 302
Five Nation Chiefs Come to Philadelphia About Conestoga ............ 309
Five Nations-The Whole Tribe Coming ............................ 309
Funeral of a Shawanese ............................................ 324
Five Nations' Victory over the Susquehannocks Re-called ............ 328
Five Nations-Another Treaty With ................................. 337
Five Nations Threaten the Delawares .............................. 338
Five Nations-The Shawanese Move Away From ..................... 348
Frepch Seduce Chartier ................. :.......................... 348
Five Nations Advise War on the Shawanese ......................... 348
Five Nations Give Another Susquehanna Deed ........................ 349
Furney, Adam Wounded at Lancaster ............................... 353
French & Indian War-Lancaster Teams at.......................... 358
Five Nations-The Delawares Defy Them ........................... 363
Fulton, Robert Sr. On the Killing of the Conestogas ................. 382
G
Gordon On the Earliest Appearance of Pennsylvania Indians........ . 3
Guns-Early Susquehannocks, Fear Of .............................. 36
Grief Among the Irol)uols .......................................... 61
Gospel Among The Indians ......................................... 67
Guss, A. L.-Vlew of the Susquehannocks, Twenty Years of War.... 98
Ganawese Settle on the Susquehanna River ........................ 147
Garland And Askin Sell Rum To the Conestogas .................... 154
Ganawese Move to Pennsylvania. ................................... 154
GlUlawese Sick ..................................................... 154
Garland, Sylvester, Arrested for Selling Rum To The Indians ....... 157.
Gap-Monument to Penn's Visit .................................... 161
Gap Spring-Penn's Visit To ....................................... 161
Ganawese at the Great Treaty of 1701. ............................. 162
German TrlOOt, The New ............................................ 171
Godin, Nicole, Reports Depredations at Conestoga................... 175
Gareau, Nlabolos, Suspicious Actions at Conestoga ................... 175
Gateau Accuses Godyn ............................................. 176
Ganawese Come to Conestoga ....................................... 178
Digitized by Coogle
401
INDEX
Germans Buy In Land At Conestoga................................ 187
Godyn Captured at Conestoga ....................................... 193
Gookin Invites the Conestogas To Help The English In War........ 194
Gookin Attempted to Go To Conestoga, Sick .......................... 196
Gookin Visits the Conestogas ...................................... 201
God of the Conestogas .............................................. 205
Gookin-Another Treaty at Conestoga .............................. 208
Griest, John, Wrongly Takes Conestoga Land ........................ 264
Ganawese at the Cartlidge Inquest ........... 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267
Ganawese---Conference With Keith ......... '.' ....................... 281
G'reat Treaty of Conestoga and Copy................................ 281
German&-Indians Complain of Encroachments ...................... 293
Gordon Places Guardians Over Shawanese ........................... 296
Gordon Prepares For Conestoga Treaty ............................. 301
Godon Attends Conestoga Treaty .................................... 302
Gordon Explains His Absence From Conestoga ..................... 310
Gordon on the Attack of the Conestogll8 ............................. 314
Governor's Report on Indian Depredations ........................... 317
Germans Settle Among the Indians.................................. 318
Gordon Reminded of Penn's Promise ............................... 318
Governor's Secretary Visits Conestoga .............................. 324
Ganawese Live Above Conestoga ................................... 323
Government Sends for Civility ...................................... 324
Great Lancaster Treaty of 1744 .................................... 340
German Children's Sports with the Indian Chlldren ................. 389
H
Hudson River Visited by the Susquehannocks....................... 6
Hurons and Iroquois Go and Fight ............................... 37
Hurons-Susquehannocks Ofter Them Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Hurons Send to the Susquehannocks for Help ...... :.............. 38
Hurons Again Appeal to the Susquehannocks ...................... 40
Hurons, Too Weak to Help Susquehannocks ....................... 44
Hogs, Susquehannocks Kill ........................................ 50
Heckwelder Comments on the Conestoga Massacre ................. 125
Hans, John a ~ the Susquehannock Indians ........................ 150
Harlan, Ezekiel, Interpreter ........ . ................................ 282
Harrls:S Ferry-Friendly Meeting at ................................ 358
Iroquois On the Susquehanna ...................................... 13
Indian Paths About Susquehanna .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Iroquois and Hurons Fight ........................................ 37
Iroquois Retaliate on the Susquehannocks ......................... 40
Iroquois Susquehannock War ...................................... 40
Iroquois Held at Bay by the Susquehannocks ...................... 49
Iroquois Expedition Down the Susquehanna River .................. 53
Iroquois Attack the Susquehannock Fort .......................... li3
Iroquois Fight the Susquehannocks In Manor ...................... 53
Iroquois Lose Jesuit's Fayor ...................................... 55
Iroquois Again Attack Susquehannocks ............................ 55
Iroquois Repulsed at Susquehannock Fort .......................... 56
Iroquois Mourn Their Dead Warriors .............................. 61
Iroquois Pray to Their Gods ....................................... 67
Iroquois Ask Vengeance of the Gods on the SlIsquehannocks...... 67
Iroquois in Terror of the SlIsquehannocks ......................... 68
Iroquois Fortue Telling Against the SlIsquehannocks.............. 69
Digitized by Coogle
INDEX 402
Iroquois Beg More Help to Whip t.he Susquehannocks.............. 71
Iroquois Fear the Susquehannocks' Invasion ...... ................. 71
Ir09uois Jugglers Warn Against the Susqueh.annocks............... 71
Iroquois Fear the Susquehannock Invasion ........................ 71
Iroquois Distress the Susquehannock Nation ....................... 72
Iroquois Very Bold ................................................ 121
Iroquois Threaten to Kill All Remaining Susquehannocks .......... 121
Indian Trail from Susquehanna ............ .'....................... 136
Inquirer, Lancaster On Penn's Visit ............................... 161
Indian Harry at Philadelphia ..................................... 170
Iroquois-French Make Peace With ................................ 171
Indians, Whites Among .............................. .. .......... 174
Indian Harry's Brother ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 174
Iron Ore at Conestoga ............................................. 192
Indians Dig Ore at Conestoga ...................................... 192
Iroquois Demand Annual Tribute by the Conestogas ................ 198
Indian Traders, Attack On ........................ "................ 240
Inquest on the Death of a Conestoga Indian ....................... 266
Indian Damages In Lancaster County ............................. 313
Inquest-Death of a Lancaster County Indian ..................... 316
Indians Disturbed by the German Settlement ....................... 318
Indian Trade-Cartlldge ........................................... 319
Indian-Death of, Investigated ..... ................................ 319
Indiantown - Location ............................................ 322
Indian Deed for Susquehanna 'Lands ................................ 328
Indian Release for Susquehanna Lands ............................ 330
Indian Religion .................................................... 331
Indian Depredations at Conestoga .................................. 331
Indiantown-Descendants Claim .................................... 387
J
Jessult Relations ................................................... 17
Jessuits Opinion of the Susquehannocks ............................ 37
Jessults Glad the Susquehannocks Checked the Iroquois............. 49
Jessuits Suspicious of the Iroquois ................................. 55
Indian, Randal Goes to the Susquehannocks In 1707 .......... : ...... 173
Joshua Lowe on Inquest ........................................... 3li
Jews In Lancaster ................................................. 344
Jail at Lancaster-Indians Killed .................................. 378
K.
Kent Isle and Susquehanna Conspiracy ............................ 18
Kings of the Susquehannocks ...................................... 32
Kidnapping the Susquehannocks Threatened by the Senecas ......... 105
Kekelappan Sells to Penn .......................................... 126
Kyanharro and Orltes, Two Susquehannocks Visit Council .......... 142
Keith and the Conestoga Treaty ..................................... 224
Keith on the Importance of the Treaty of 1720 ..................... 247
Keith's Great Treaty of 1721 ................................ (. . . .. 252
Keith's Indian Council at Conestoga In 1722 ........................ 274
Keith Leaves Conestoga for New Castle ............................ 276
Keith Objects to Spotswood's Treaty ............................... 279
Keith's Speech to the Shawanese .................................. 284
L
Lenepe, First Appearance
3
Digitized by Coogle
403 INDEX
Littk PiCtU!'45 45o(!k
LanCilii(!ziliir County-PinTt White Maa 1615 ...
LancTnt!!!' County J>aths .
Liquors First Given by the Dutch ................................. .
Letter Carriers Between Maryland and the Susquehannocks ........ .
Lord Baltimore-Peace With the Susquehannocks ................... .
Lancaster County-Penn's First Effort ............................ .
LetO!'T-F!rrt In COntrtT!Ttilii
Letort ....... .
Letort, An!Te--Order ....... .
LetorT PPTrpared in . . . . . ... .............. .
Lease-Copy of Dungan's to Penn ................................ .
Location of the Remnant of Susquehannocks ....................... .
Letort Leaves Conestoga .......................................... .
Logan, James-StatpnTrnt ...... .
Logap't Ttzntement Ttpan's Visit
LogTn 're1!s of Penn't Pislt ...
Lan1! Pn&nzed-Earti!!!!t Cones,!)np
Logan, James-Earliest Visit to Conestoga ......................... .
Letort and Blzalion Held in Bonds ............................... .
Logan's Intended Trip to Conestoga in 1703 ........................ .
Letort In Jail at Philadelphia ...................................... .
LogTilin'e Preaty of ConestoTtTili
Logae'e Conestoga Pd!!Letter
Lawa PTiliplalned to Conestogas
Logan'p T!'eaty--CooTa .......................................... .
Lutheran Missionaries at Conestoga ................................ .
Lancaster County's First Real Settlement!' ......................... .
Letort-New License to Trade ..................................... .
Lost (Conegto1!n) Minutes ....... .
Locat!m'! Sawanno down ... . ...... .
Logan, James-Ag!T!n Conesto!;Tili ....... .
Loge 0 French the MU!'Tk:!' ....... .
Logan Continues the Great Treaty .................................. .
Land Purchases from the Conestogas .............................. .
League of Friendship with Penn .................................. .
Logan--Convinces the Delawares ................................ .
Leto!'t'p Lotter-ShTili nagsT!e Hatre!! ....... .
LanT!aT!te! County-Tt!";TiliwTilinese LeasT!!
Lan:!:Tili!t:!!' Lounty ClTilienlTed
LanT!aT!te! County-N:!ot Chester Damage .... " .............. .
Lancaster County Whites Assaulted by the Mingoes ................ .
Lancaster County Indian Depredations ............................. .
Lancaster Court House-Blunston Helps to Raise ................... .
LaneaT!!!;!!' County MigratieL ....... .
LetO!'t'!! CTilibin BUlned
Lanea!!ze! !:ounty to Be BOT!d!Tt ....... .
Lan!!eeto! indian Ee:!5tT'!nent .... . . . . . . . . ...... .
Lancaster-Great Treaty at, In 1744 .............................. : ..
Lancaster in 1744-Marshe's Opinion ............................... .
Lancaster-Jews at. in 1744 ........................................ .
Lancaster-Dance in' the Court House
Lane!T!!te!'-Indian !n the Coult NTmse ....
Lan:":!,s!!P!" Whites Indians A!"m for Defem"!e
................................ .
Lancaster - Council Fire at ....................................... .
Logtown-Its Location ............................................. .
Lancaster-Another Great Treaty at ................................ .
4
15
21
26
51
102
130
138
141
142
143
144
147
158
159
159
160
169
170
172
173
177
179
]82
183
]84
194
199
215
223
234
241
271
261
287
288
293
286
300
309
313
3]5
317
319
320
322
328
340
340
343
344
344
344
349
349
349
350
350
350
INDEX 404
Lancaster Treaty-Expense of ....................................... 351
Land on the Susquehanna-Another Purchase In 1754 ................ 354
Lancaster Indian Deed for Land In1753 ............................. 354
Lancaster County Petitions for Protection ............................ 356
Lancaster-Danger and Confusion in .................... :........... 357
Lancaster County-Teamsters for the War .......................... 358
Lancaster-Renewed Excitement In .................................. 359
Lancaster - Reported Burned ....................................... 260
Lancaster County Troops Raised ..................................... 360
Lancaster-Indian Council at In 1756 ................................ 361
Lancaster-Conestogas Enraged at .................................. 361
Lancaster Treaty of 1757 ............................................ 357
Lancaster-More Strange News ...................................... 367
Lancaster Treaty of 1757 Opened .................................... 367
Lancaster-Murdered Indians Exhibited at ........................... 368
Lancaster County-Conestogas Threaten to Leave ................... 369
Lancaster-Delaware Chiefs at ...................................... 374
Lancaster County-Last Indians in .................................. 386
Lancaster County Indians-Papooses and White Children,............ 389
M
Mlqua Name on Slaten Island Deed ................................. 5
Massawomekes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Mohawks or Massawomek6B ......................................... 9
Mohawks, Enemies of the Susquehannocks .......................... 10
Mohawk Susquehannock War ....................................... 13
Maryland vs. Susquehannocks in 1639 ............................... 23
Mountain-Susquehannocks Live on ................................. 26
Maryland Afraid to Fight the Susquehannocks ...................... 29
Malyland Tries to Make Peace with the Susquehannocks .......... '... 31
Marriages of the Susquehannocks .................................... 33
Maryland Government Disowns Interference with Susquehannocks.... 35
Maryland Governor and Council Disagree About the Susquehanocks.. 35
Maryland, Cost to Watch the Susquehannocks ....................... 39
Mowhawks and Others vs. Susquehannocks .......................... 41
Maryland-Susquehannocks Beg Help from the Iroquois .. ,.......... 43
Maryland-Treaty with the Susquehannocks ......................... 43
Maryland Deprives the Susquehannocks of Guns .................... 45
Maryland Declares the Second War Against the Susquehannocks.... 46
Maryland's Second Peace with the Susquehannocks ....... ,.......... 47
Maryland-New Treaty with the Susquehannocks ................... 50
Manor Township-Fight Against the Fort ........................... 53
Maryland Again Helps the Susquehannocks .................... :... 54
Minquays, Swedish-Eight Hundred to Help the Susquehannockil.... 54
Maryland Again Helps the Susquehannocks .......................... 56
Mohawks Defeated by the Susquehannocks .......................... 59
Maryland Co-operates with the Susquehannocks ..................... 09
Maryland Helps the Susquehannocks Against Five Nations.......... 60
Maryland Declares, War Against the Five Nations... .. .. .. .. .. . ... .... 60
Maryland-Peace with the Susquehannocks .......................... 65
Maryland Raises Men to Help the Susquehannocks ... '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66
Maryland-Heavy Tax Needed to Protect the Susquehannocks........ 70
More Susquehannocks Tortured ..................................... 71
Maryland Admits Susquehannocks' Defeat by the Iroquois........... 73
Maryland Compels Five Nations to Cease to War on Susquehannocks 74
Maryland Protects Susquehannocks on the Potomac.................. 75
Maryland Declares War Against the Susquehannocks .......... '.. .. ... 99
Maryland Asks Virginia to Join Against the Susquehannocks......... 78
Digitized by Coogle
405 INDEX
Maryland Presents to AlUes to Help Defeat Susquehannocks......... 99
Maryland-Susquehannocks Beg Peace with ......................... 99
Maryland WlII Make Peace with the Susquehannocks ............... 101
Maryland Citizens Say Susquehannocks Are Abused ................. 103
Maryland a( a Great Expense by Fighting Against Susquehannocks .. 105
Maryland Takes Hands Oft ......................................... '. 106
Maryland-New Treaty with the Susquehannocks ................... 106
Macques Agree to Peace with Maryland ............................ 109
Macques Accuse the Susquehannocks ............................... 110
Maryland Helps the Piscataways Against the Senecas ............... 112
Maryland Helps the Piscataways Against the Susquehannocks ........ 112
Maryland Helps the Piscataways Against the SusquehannClcks........ 116
Mattawomans Fear the Slave Susquehannocks ...................... 117
Maryland to Drive Out the Susquehannocks ......................... 118
Maryland to Slaughter the Susquehannocks ......................... 120
Maryland to Be Invaded by, the Senecas ............................ 121
Maryland Impeaches Young ......................................... 123
Maryland-Peace with the Five Nations and the Susquehannocks .... 124
Manor Township--Susquehannocks Move to ......................... 126
Machaloha Sells to Penn ........................................... 127
Maryland-Peace with the Susquehannocks .......................... 140
Markham's Letter .......... .............. ...... . .... ........... ... 143
Maryland's Last Treaty with the Susquehannocks ................... 148
Maryland-Protection A.gainst Susquehannock Invasion .............. 148
Maryland's Treaty with All t.he Conestoga Indians ................. 149
Maryland to Treat the Susquehannock Free ......................... 150
Marshe's Project (Susquehanna) .................................... 158
"Mount Misery" and Penn .......................................... 161
"Mount Joy" and Penn ............................................. 161
Mitchell, Louis-l<'rench to Fall on Conestoga ....................... 178
,Maryland-Intend to Fall on Conestoga ............................ 178
Minquays at Conestoga ............................................. 187
Missionaries at Conestoga ........................................... 194
Mennonites Settling Among Conestogas ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ?O.
Mennonites Settling Among Conestogas .............................. 210
Mennonites-Indian Jealously Against ............................... 236
Mingoes Commit Depredations ...................................... 316
Mitchell, James Wants Pay for Services to the Indians .............. 316
Miranda, Isaac Complained Against ................................. 315
Mulatto Captured by the Conoys .................................... 319
Migration of Indians ..... ' ..................... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 320
Murder at Conestoga .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 334
Marshe, Witman's Opinion of Lancaster ............................. 343
Murder of the Conestogas .......................................... 375
Murder of Conestogas-Killed in Jail ................................ 378
Murdered Conestogas-List of Their Goods .......................... 379
N
New Sweden, Map of ............................................... 22
New Albion in 1646 ................................................. 32
Nimbleness of the 'Susquehannocks ................................. 33
New York, Susquehannocks Annex Their Lands to .................. 33
New York Governor, a Friend of the Susquehannocks ............. ,. 101
New England Nearly Ruined Five Nations ........................... 111
Norris, Isaac's Letter on Penn's Second Visit ........................ 159
New County-Janney Interested ..................................... 173
Nantikokes at Governor Evans' Treaty ............................... 188
NanUkokes Move to Cocallco ................ ,...................... 265
Digitized by Coogle
IND1l;X 406
Nottlngham--Governor Left for Philadelphia ........................ 276
Nantlkokes Have Moved ............................................. 360
Nantlkoke In Lancaster Jail ......................................... 364
Nantikokes at CocaUco .............................................. 369
o
Origin of Pennsylvania Indians ..................................... 3
Onondagoes Fear the Susquehannocks ............................... 40
Ontario Lake-Susquehannocks Hunt Near .......................... 41
Ontarlo-Susquehannocks Still Hunting at .......................... 46
Obder, Captain-To Help the Susquehannocks ....................... 48
Ontario-Fort of the SUBquehannocks ............................... 58
Onledas Co-Operate with the Senecas Against the Susquehannocks.... 67
Onondagoes Kill the Whites. Not the Susquehannocks ................ 109
Onondagoes . Blame Their Murders On the Susquehannocks .......... 109
"Old Surveys & Land Warrants" ................................... 137
Old Fort-Susquehannocks at ....................................... 148
Octoraro. Upper-Shawanese Town .................................. 165
Octoraro-Mouth of Settled by Pennsylvania ........................ 165
Owen and Shippen with Penn at Susquehanna ....................... 159
Onondagoes at the Great Treaty of 1701. ........................... 162
Octoraro Settlem:ent and Trade ..................................... 173
Opessah Met Governor Evans at Pequehan ....... ,.................. 188
Ore-Shawanese Digging Ore Near Conestoga ....... ; ............... 199
Opessah, Late Shawanese King ..................................... 219
Opessah Visits Philadelphia ........................................ : 219
Opesl!ah, Council with ............................................... 219
"Old Shawanna Town"-Location of ................................. 234
Octoraro-Shawanese Wigwam on ................................... 240
Ohio-Shawanese Have Moved to ................................... 286
p
Pennsylvania Indians, Earliest Appearance .......................... 3
Pictographs On Susquehanna ........................................ 4
Perfidy of the SUBquehannocks ..................................... . 33
Plscataways Complain of War ....................................... 46
Paint (War Paint) of the Susquehannocks ........................... 63
Piscataway Emperor Visits at Susquehanna ......................... 68
Pennsylvania, Map of, In 1671 ....................................... 70
Potomac-Susquehannocks Driven to, by the, Senecas ................ 75
Peace-New Treaty with the SUBquehannocks ........................ 106
Peace with the Senecas ............................................. 107
Peace - First Steps ............................................... 107
Palmer's Island ..................................................... 108
Perfidy of the Susquehannocks ...... '. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109
Peace Song by the Macques ......................................... 110
Pequea Creek-Shawanese Arrive ................................... 111
Pittsburg-Red Pole Burled at ...................................... 112
Piscataways--Susquehannockl\ Fall On .............................. 112
Piscataways Frightened by the Senecas ............................. 114
Piscataways Come to Council ........................................ 115
Piscataways Blame the English for the Susquehannocks' Enmity ..... 116
Plscataways Frightened by the Susquehannocks ..................... 118
Penn Meets the Susquehannocks .................................... 125
Penn Meets the Susquehannocks . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 125
Penn Meets the Conestogas ......................................... 125
Penn's Treaty-Minutes of the Conference .......................... 126
Digitized by Coogle
407
INDEX
Paxtang Murder-Heckwelder's Comment ............................ 125
Penn's First Purchase from the Susquehannocks .................... 126
Penn's Second Purchase from the Susquehannocks ................... 127
Penn and Dungan Disgrace About Susquehanna ...................... 128
Penn's First Visit to Conestoga ..................................... 129
Penn's Projected City on Susquehanna .................. ............ 130
Penn's Journey Back ................................................ 132
Penn Criticized by Dungan .......................................... 133
Penn's Title to Susquehanna Disputed ............................... 134
Penn's Walking Purchase to Susquehanna ........................... 134
Philadelphia's Earllest Trade with the Conestogas .................... 139
Penn Leases Susquehanna from Dungan............................. 144
Penn Buys Susquehanna from Dungan ............................... 145
Pequea-Shawanese Arrive when .................................... 146
Penn-Susquehannocks Deed to ..................................... 151
Part II ........................................................... 154
Pequea Indians Complain of Rum ................................... 157
Potomac Indians Settle Near Conestoga ............................. 158
Penn Wants to Navigate the Susquehanna ........................... 158
Penn's Second Voyage to Susquehanna .............................. 159
Penn at the Conestoga King's Palace ................................ 159
Penn's Route to Susquehanna .................. :;................... 159
Penn's Route Home from Susquehanna ............................. 159
Penn Called, "Onash" .......... , ..................................... 160
Parchment Given Conestogas by Penn ............................... 160
Penn's Treaty with the Mongoes .................................... 160
Penn's "Second" Visit to Susquehanna-Watson ...................... 160
Penn's Visit-Monument at Gap ..................................... 161
Penn-Lancaster' County Indians Give Him Good-bye ................ 165
Penn's Speech to the Conestogas On Returning to Egland ............ 165
Pequea Creek-The Shawanese Home ............................... 168
Preaching-Earllest at Conestoga ................................... 169
Palatines Buying Land at Conestoga ................................. 187
Palatines Settllng Among Conestogas ............................... 207
Palatines-Indian Jealousy Against ................................. 235
Passalty's Testimony on Conestoga Murder .......................... 269
Parchment Signed by Penn with the Conestogas ...... : ............ 274
Pardon for Cartlidge ............................................... 278
Penn-Conestogas WUJ Always Remember Him .................... 282
Penn-Conestogas Say They Saw 'Him .............................. 282
Penn's Speech-Conestogas Repeat It ................................ 282
Petticoats-Five Nations Threaten Shawanese with .................. 285
Penn-William's Son Born in Pennsylvania ......................... 288
Paxtang and the Rum Trade ....................................... 290
Palatines-Indians Complain Against Them ......................... 293
Philadelphia-Conestoga Indians Present at a Treaty................ 310
Penn Promised the Indians Peace 'on the Susquehanna ............... 318
Philadelphia, Shawanese Treaty Held at ............................. 322
Pennsylvania, Indian Town in ....................................... 322
Penn's Treaty Shown by the Conestogas .......................... 326
Protection from the Indians ......................................... 356
Presbyterians on the Protection Against the Indians................. 382
Paxtang Boys-Justification o ~ Murder .............................. 383
Papooses Playing with the White Children ......................... 389
R
Rock Pictures on Susquehanna ..................................... 4
Red Hot Irons On Scalped Enemy .................................... 36
Digitized by Coogle
INDEX 408
Religion of the Susquehannocks ..................................... 64
Red Pole-The Last Shawanese ..................................... 111
Robberies Committed by the Susquehannocks ....................... 118
Rum Among the Conestogas ........................................ 133
Riding Purchase ..... '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 135
ftum Sold to Conestogas ............................................ 154
Religious Teaching to Indians .... .. .. . .. . .. . . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... 155
Rocky Run ........................................................ 156
Rum Selling Petitioned Against in Assembly ....................... 157
Rum Dimcultles at Conestoga .......................... , ............ 165
Road to Susquehanna First Mentioned ............................ " 169
Road-Conestoga to New Castle ..................................... 177
Rum Trade at Conestoga ............................................ 177
Religion-Chalkley Teaches Conestogas ............................. 186
Religious Services by Chalkley ...................................... 216
Religion of the Conestogas ....................................... 218
Rum at Conestoga .................................................. 280
Religion of the Conestogas .......................................... 218
Rum at Conestoga .................................. ;............... 280
Rum Causes Accident on the Delaware ............................. 319
Rum at Conestoga .................................................. 324
Rum, Conestogas Complain Against ................................. 325
Religion of the Indians ............................................. 331
Rum-Indians Protest Against ................................... , .. 334
Rum-New Proclamation Against ................................... 349
5
Susquehanna, First Appearance of Indian On ............ ,.......... 3
Susquehanna Rock Pictures .................. , ........... '. . . . . . . . . . . 4
Susquehannocks Before 1600 ................................. 4
Susquehannock's Earliest Trade ............................. ; . . . . . . 5
St. Lawrence-Susquehannocks Trading On ............... ,.......... 5
Susquehannocks Trade On the St. Lawrence ........................ 5
Susquehanna, The & Smith ......................................... 6
Smith and the Susquehannocks ..................................... 6
Smith's Captain John, "True Relation" .............................. 6
Smith's General History On Virginia ............................... 7
Susquehanna, Smith's Praise of .................................... ; 7
Susquehanna, Smith Stranded On the Rocks ................... :..... 7
Susquehannocks, Description of ..................................... 8
Susquehannocks-Dress and Weapons of ............................ 8
Susquehannocka-Slxty Visit Smith - ............... ,............... 8
Susquehanna-Smith's Second Voyage .............................. 9
Smith's "Mappe .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Susquehanna Early Towns .......................................... 11
Susquehannocks-EarIy War Customs ............................... 13
Susquehannocks-Early Wanderers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Susquehannocks and Mohawk Fights Before 1600 ................... 13
Susquehannocks Mohawk War ...................................... 13
Susquehannocks, General War .......... 14
Susquehanna Delaware Channel Proposed In 1613 ................... 15
Susquehanna-Earliest White Man On .............................. 15
Susquehanna Trade Posts In 1615 ................................... 15
Susquehanna Trade Thriving ....................................... 16
Susquehannocks Attack Kent Island ............ , ...... t....... ..... 16
Susquehanna Mowhawk War of 1629 ................................ 17
Susquehannock Petit Wars ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ii
Susquehannock Victorious Over All ................................. Ii
Digitized by Coogle
409
INDEX
Susqueh;muocks Tauuht by the S;,;;,;;b';;e
Sweb,;;s Ts';;ch the bu,;;qu,;;hanocks
Swedes Teach the bu;;quehannocl;e ................................ .
Swedes Hire Soldiers to the Suaquehannocks ....................... .
Susquehannock Barbarities ....................................... .
Small Pox Spread by the Susquehannocks ..........................
Murdn;ngy .....
Susquubuu;;ocks Sell River in
Valle';; to Clayr;o H';;;;
Susquehe;;;;;; Lands ....... .
Susquehannocks Sell to Swedes ................................... .
Susquehanna Valley Taken from Claybourne ....................... .
Susquehanna, A Converted ......................................... .
Susquehanna Indian Path to Delaware ............................. .
Susquo;Hrnnock Customs
Susq;;eh;meocks AnneE;fili at
Susquuhuuoocks'
Sus:}uefiliaeeocks-Ex;ent of Possessions ............................. .
Susquehannocks On a High Mountain ............................. .
Skins, etc.-Trade with the Swedes ................................ .
Swedish Trade with the Susquehannocks ........................... .
Susquefilieeeocks-Numbu;' of
the Susqueb;;;;;;ocks .
T1;rough Tnfiliy ....
Susqu;;h;;;;;;ocks Public ;;;es ... .
Swedish Land Purchase-Extent of ................................ .
Schuylklll-Susquehannock Trappers On .......................... .
Susquehanocks Defy Maryland to Fight ............................ .
$usquehannock Expedition a 'Fallure ....... .
Susq ;;;;h;;;;;;ocks-T1;h';; F;,txpedltion Thnlnst ...
Sus;,;nn;'Hmnocks-M;;;'fili l;;nd Advis;'"
Susq;;;;h;;;;nocks-Ro;;n;t Evelyn's TsUmate of
Susque;;annocks Go in the New York Government .................. .
Swedes and Dutch-Rivalry for the Susquehannock Trade ......... .
Susquehannock Location and Trade in 1646 ........................ .
Susquehannock Fort In 1646 .......................... : ............. .
SUSho;;h,;;;zzocks to o;;ace Mah;;;';z Uutween and
SUShu;;1;;;;;;;ocks OUu;' Huro;;;
Susou;;h;;;;;;ocks InI,;':;o1\;;o;; In
Su;;d T;ade to
Susquehannocks Have 1300 Warriors ............................... .
Susquehannocks, Cost of Watching ................................. .
Susquehannocks Terrorize Onondagoes ............................. .
Susquehannock Iroquois War .. . ...... .
Sus;Tnr:;;rrmock War ..
Susq;;;;;o:;;;mocks Ty MohawT C;;;;;blne ..
SUSq ;;;oL;;;;;;;ock 'Var
Susquehannocks--Crushlng Blow the Iroquois ................ .
Susquehannocks Beg Alliance with Maryland ....................... .
Susquehannocks-Treaty with Maryland ............................ .
Susquehannocks to Be Deprived of Guns .......................... .
Susz.;;;;ol;;;;;;zocks at Ontario
Sus;,;mrm;;;;ockS-l;i;;1;;;;;d Declan;;;
o;ick in
Seconq Against
Sus;;;;;o1;;;;;riockS-1;i;;;y;;;;;d Co-op;;;;;t;;; with .. " ............ .
Susquehannocks 'Hold Iroquois at Bay .................. .
Susquehannocks and a Broken Up Fur Trade ...................... .
Susquehannocks Ungrateful to Maryland ........................... .
Susquehannocks StYrol f;oom the Mq;oqlonders ..
18
18
i8
18
18
19
19
19
19
20
20
21
21
21
22
23
25
25
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
28
29
29
30
31
32
33
34
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
45
45
46
46
48
49
50
50
50
INDEX 410
Susquehannocks, New Treaty with Maryland ........................ 60
Susquehannocks Do Not Help ............................ 62
Susqtiehannocks WtIl Not Assist in Their Own Protection............ 52
Susquehannocks Blockaded in Their .......................... 52
Senecas Blockade the Susquehannocks' Ii'ort ....................... 62
Susquehannocks Burn Twenty-five Iroquois ........................ 63
Susquehannocks-Help from Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Susquehannocks Oet the Better of the Iroquois .................. ".. 66
Susquehannock Fort, Second Attack Against .................... ". . . . 65
Susquehannocks in Favor with Maryland ............................ 66
Susquehannocks Defeat the Iroquois ...................... "......... 66
Susquehannocks Take Charge of the Iroquois War ................. 56
Seneca Susquehannock War Begins ................................ 67
Seneca Susquehannock War ProgreBBes ........................... 68
Susquehannocks - Octoraro Fort .. '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Senecas Rob Pennsylvanians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Susquehannocks Have Maryland Hel p . . . . . . . . . . .. ................ 59
Susquehannock Presented to the King of France ................... 6l
Susquehannocks by Alsop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Susquehannocks Beg Peace with the Iroquois ...................... 66
Susquehannocks Beg Help of Maryland ............................ 66
Susquehannock War Sends Gospel to the Iroquois.................. 67
Susquehannocks Go to the Jessuits for Religious Instructions...... 67
Susquehannocks, Two Tortured by Onondagoes ..... " .... : . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehannocks-Christians Burned to Death ...................... 68
Susquehannocks Terrol"ize the Iroquois ............................ 68
Sorcery of the Iroquois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 69
Cause Iroquois to Seek Forgotten Trader........... 69
Susquehannocks Go to the Jessuits ................................ 69
Susquehannock Fort in 1670 ....................................... 69 "
Susquehannocks-New Treaty with the Whites ..................... 69
Susquehannock Boys Whip Cayuga Men ........................... 70
Susquehannocks Captured and Burned to Death .................... 71
Susquehannocks Great Chief-Plan of Capture ..................... 72
Susquehannocks Losing Against the Iroquois ...................... 72
Susquehannocks In Final Overthrow ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Susquehannocks Overthrown by the Five Nations .................. 73
Susquehannocks to Be Exterminated by the Five Nations............ 73
Susquehannocks Driven from Their River ........................... H
Susquehannocks Move to the Potomac ............................. 75
Susquehannocks-Twenty Years' War Ended in Their Defeat......... H
Susquehannocks-Maryland Starts to Fight Them .................. 77
Susquehannocks-Maryland and Indian Tribes Move on Susqueh'ks 78
Susquehannocks, Slaughter of-Truman and Washington Expedition.. 78
Streeter, F. S.-Fall of the Susquehannocks....................... 79
Susquehannocks. Fall of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Susquehannocks. Fall of-See Fall of the Susquehannocks.......... 79
Susquehannocks-Slaughter of, by Truman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Susquehannocks-Slaughter of-Trial of Colonel Truman for.. 91 to 98
Susquehannocks in Great War; Opinion by Guss.................... 98
SUBquehannocks-Present by Maryland to Illdians Who Helped to
Defeat Them ............................................. 99
Susquehannocks Beg Peace with Maryland ......................... 99
Susquehannocks-Partial Peace with the Senecas .................. 100
Senecas-Partial Peace with the Sl1squehannocks ................. 100
Susquehannocks Fort-Its Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100
Susquehannocks Invited to Return ............................... 100
Susquehannocks Leave Potomac ..................................... 101
SUBquehannocks Go Back to the Susqllehanna ... ".................. 101
Digitized by Coogle
411 INDEX
Susquehannocks and Other Tribes at Peace ........................ 102
Susquehannocks Have the Sympathy of Maryland .................. 103
Susquehannocks to Be Protected-Collyer ......................... 104
Susquehannocks and Senecas-Small Fight ......................... 104
Senecas and Susquehannocks-Small Fight ............. ' . . . . . . . . . . .. 104
Senecas Threaten to Kidnap the Susquehannocks ................. 105
Swedes at Upland Protect Susquehannocks ........................ 105
Susquehannocks-New Treaty with Maryland ....................... 106
Susquehannocka Among Senecas In New york ........................ 107
Susquehannocks Considered Perftdiou s ............................... 109
Senecas Falsely Accuse Susquehannocks ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109
Senecas Deceive the English ...................................... 109
Susquehannocks Accused of Crimea of Others ..................... 109
Shawanese Come to Lancaster County ............................. 111
Susquehannocks-Inclte Senecas to Invade Maryland .............. 112
Senecas Fall on the Piscataways .................................... 112
Susquehannocks and Senecas Surprise Plscataways ............... 112
Senecas at the Old Susquehanna Fort ............................. 112
Senecas Make Tools for the Susquehannocks ....................... 112
Senecas Fall on the Piscataways ................................... 112
Susquehannocks Divided Among Senecas ........................... 113
Susquehannocks-One Branch Carried Away the Senecas .. : ........ 113
Senecas Carry Away Susquehannocks to New York ................ 113
SUBQuehannocka Back from the Slaughter Trip to -Virginia .......... 113
Susquehannocks Build a New Fort ................. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 115
Senecas Help Susquehannocks to Build a Fort ....... : ............. 115
Susquehannocks Fire On the Piscataways ......................... 116
Senecas Fire On Piscataways ...................................... 116
Susquehannocks Stealing On Piscataways .......................... : 117
Susquehannocks Desert the Senecas ............................... 117
Susquehannocks Slaves of the Senecas ............................ 117
Senecas Enslave the Susquehannocks .............................. 117
Susquehannock Fort-Its Location ............................... 118
Susquehannocks Are Thieves and Robbers .......................... 118
SUBquehannocks to Be Driven Out of Maryland ..................... 118
Susquehannocks Fear the Senecas ................................. 119
Senecas Fall On Sachariah Fort ................................... 119
Susquehannocks Slaves Among the Senecas-Their Condition ....... 119
Susquehannocks-An Escaped Slave TeU Tale ..................... 119
Susquehannocks-No Quarter to Be Given by Maryland ............ 120
Susquebannocks Suffer Among Five Nations ...................... 120
Slaves-Susquehannocks in Slavery .................... , ......... 120
Senecas Prepare to Invade Maryland .............................. 121
Susquehanqocks Get Senecas to Invade Maryland .................. 121
Susquehanqpcks Among Senecas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124
Susquehannocks-Peace with . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124
Susquehannocks Meet William Penn ............................... 125
Susquehannocks Move to Turkey Hill .............................. 126
Susquehanna Land Sold to Penn ................................... 127
Susquehannocks Second Sale to Penn .............................. 127
Susquehannocks Report the' Penn Sale to the Five Nations ......... 128
Susquehannocks Sell to Dungan .................................. 128
Susquehanna River-Penn Visits ................ , .............. " 129
Susquehanna Land-Fertility of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 130
Susquehannocks Debauched by Maryland Rum ..................... 133
Susquehanna Settlement-Five Nations Oppose ..................... 134
Susquehanna-Walking Purcha.se Reaches ........................ 134
Susquehannocks Not to Be Offended ............................... '135
Susquehannock Fort-When Destroyed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137
Digitized by Coogle
INDEX
iusqm,kumnod,s---Ftn,L Frend, Tenders }n,wng
Susquehannocks-Commissioners Sent Among ................... .
Susquehanna-Senecas Coming to Live On ........................ .
denecm Movv to .
iusqnehannoehg Waat Pea,,,, witd r,Saryignd ..
Susquehanna-Indian Expedition Up ............................ .
Susquehannock Chiefs Visit Council
}usquthannothn-Fiuv Nati,)h5 Tn 10 Furk,e Tdgm to Freneh ..
husquehannochs, Senecas an,l Shawanese-,h n at Peace wlth
Maryland ................................................ .
Lfusq"thannp ""vase," Hack Pelm by dnngan
Sold Penn hy Dungan
Shawanese Reach Pequea, When ................................. .
Steelman-A Spy on Susquehanna River ......................... .
husqnrrnannorrnr-On,lt a Rrmnao1 Left
husqm,hannud", Remnant, Location
Susquehannocks at Their Old Habitation .......................... .
Susquehannocks-Fear They will Invade Maryland ................ .
iusqHehannmeh I<'riondship and te:,u"yland
dusqud,annooin, to Troet"d Re,vk'vct. ...................... .
Susquehannocks Make General Treaty of Peace ..................... .
Susquehannocks Renew All Former Treaties
Susquol,ann,)uhs' Deed to Lpnn ..
Susquehanna Lalley-Whole Sold to Penn by the Indians ......... .
Setting Sun-Penn's Deed Extends to ............................ .
q"usqnp"annenrns - ir":ragment of
Steelmsn Give:: Rum to Conestogas
Susquehanna-Penn"s Second Voyage to .......................... .
Shawanese at Conestoga-Treaty of 1701 ......................... .
SusqnrrtrannodI8 Give Penv in i 701
ShawI>nese Lr:ment Ute of dum
Piscataways, Rumor of Coming to Conestoga ....................... .
Skeletons Near Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .
Susqunl,annu"hs-Remgins at lImbi:: .. .
Sha w::nese Ln,'ration ............................................. .
Susquehanna Road First Mentioned ............................... .
Susquehanna-Visit bI> Che.lkley
Shawenese Be U::rried
Suft'erings at Conestoga In 1704 .................................. .
Swedish Indian Road from Conestoga to Delaware ................. .
Susqrrl,annudr Fort - Lo',I>tion
Skinr, Deer, Fox Rarr,r"rOn Coneswna ..
Squaws---Dbauchment of, by Evans ........ : ........................ .
Swedish Missionaries at Conestoga ................................ .
SusqHrrtannI>-DelawHees tn
Slavss-Conv::Yngas Under the Itu<?Hois
Shawanese Digging Ore Near Conestoga .......................... .
Shawanese - Gookin Visits
Sermun-Conm,toga <?r"rplien to a d:,:edish Minh,t;";e ..
Swe,llg11 Se,'mon AOgwered hy a (conestoga ........................ .
Shawanese at Pequea Capture an Indian ................. .
Sha,Hrmese Treoi}" with ...
SmithfJhristnr,her-Aecount Df Conestogg Treatf
Spotswood, Governor of Virginia, Complains Against Conestogas ... .
Surveys at Conesto,ga ........................................... .
Shaw,mese :':grch Phi1ndtlphi::
"Sawnnna CDwn, Lorgtlon
Southern Indians Attack Conestoga ............................... .
Shawanese Wigwams On Octoraro ............................... .
Jigi!iz' gle
412
139
139
140
142
143
146
146
148
148
151
1;;1
151
151
159
162
165
167
169
176
177
185
194
199
201
204
215
228
229
240
240
413 INDEX
Susquehanna-Tuscaroras Live On ............................... 241
Shawanese in Treaty ............................................ 246
Southern Indians Retaliate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 260
Shawanese Present at Logan's Treaty ............................. 260
Springetsbury Manor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 274
Susquehanna-No One to Settle Opposite ......................... 276
Spotswood's Treaty with the Conestogas ........................... 278
Spotswood-Keith Objects to Him Holding a Treaty................ 279
Shawanna King to Govenor Keith ................................. 280
Shawanese-Great Hardship Among .............................. 281
Shawanese Go to Pay Tribute ..................................... 281
Springetsbury Manor-Warrant For ............................. 281
Susquehanna Indians' MeSBage to Philaedlphia ..................... 282
Shawanese Message to Philadelphia ............................... 283
Shawanese- Why Moved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 286
Southern Indians-Susquehannocks W1l1 Not Hurt ................. 286
Susquehanna River-Indian Tribes Living On ...................... 28&
Shawanese Kill Two Conestogas .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 294
Shawanese Started to Move ....................................... 294
Shawanese-Conestogas W1ll Fight Them .......................... 296
Shawanese Annoy Other Tribes ................. '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 295
Shawanese, When They Arrived in {Pennsylvania .................. 29&
Shawanese - Guadians for ....................................... 296
Skins--Great Number at Conestoga ................................ 300
Shawanese Leave Lancaster County ................................ 300
Shawanese Leave Conestoga from Fright .......................... 301
Susquehanna Indians Frightened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308
Southern Indians K1ll the Conestogas ............................. 314
Susquehanna Indians Not to Be Disturbed ......................... 318
Shawanese Leaving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 320
Shawanese-The Governor Invites Them to Come Back ... : ........ 321
Shawanese Hold a T r e ~ t y at Phlladelphia ......................... 322
Shawanese-Funeral Expenses of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 324
Susquehanna River, Lands to Be Bought ......................... 328
Susquehannocks-Thelr Defeat by the Five Nations Mentioned ...... 328
Susquehanna Lands, Deed for ..................................... 328
Susquehanna Lands-Indian Release of ............................ 330
Southerland Stabbed by an Indian ................................. 332
Senecas Sell Land in Lancaster County ........................... 332
Shawanese Excited Over the Senecas' Sale ......................... 332
Shawanese Chief at Conestoga .................................... 335
Shawanese Customs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 337
Shawanese Break An Agreement ................................... 339
Shawanese-Five Nations Advise War On ........................... 348
Shawanese-Five Nations Advise War On .......................... 349
Shickalamy Sick .................................................. 349
Shamokin Indians Visit Lancaster ................................... 349
Susquehannock Lands, Another Deed for ........................... 349
Susquehanna Indians Urged to War ............ :.................. 350
Six Nations Command the Susquehannocks to Go to War .......... 360
Shawanese Pardoned .............................. .......... .. ... 351
Susquehanna Land Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 362
Susquehanna-Land Purchased On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 364
Shawanese Desert the English ...................................... 358
Shickalamy-His Sister at ,Conestoga ............................... 363
Susquehanna Lands In Controversy ............ ................... 366
Digitized by Coogle
INDEX
T
Turkey Tribe, First Appearance .................................. .
Turtle Tribe, First Appearance ................................... .
Turtle and Turkey Tribes, the First Susquehanna Indians ......... .
Trading-Earliest Among Susquehanna Indians ................... .
"True Relation" by Captain John Smith .......................... .
The "Demolished Fort" on Susquehanna .......................... .
Trade with Susquehannocks-Commoditles ...................... .
Trade of Susquehannocks-Whltes Jealous ........................ .
Torture of, Scalped Enemy ....................... , ....... ; .... ' ... .
Truman-Charge Against for Slaughtering Susquehannocks ...... .
Truman - Proceedings Against .................................. .
Truman - Witnesses Against .................................... .
Truman-Articles of Impeachment ............................. .
Truman-Answer to the Charge .................................. .
Truman - Proceedings ....................... , ................. .
Truman - Attainder Verdict ..................................... .
Tribes, Various-At Peace with' the Susquehannocks ............... .
Taxes Made High by the Seneca War .............................. .
Tachanoontia On the Overthrow of the Susquehannocks ........... .
The Senecas Tricky ............................................ .
Turkey 'HIll-Susquehaunocks Move to ............................ .
Talbot Threatens to CapturE!! Penn at Susquehanna ................ .
Treaties-All Former Renewed by the Susquehannocks ............ .
Thomas Holme's Map ........................................... .
The New German Tract .......................................... .
Traders, French, Live with the Indians ........................... .
Tobacco to Be Shipped Down the Chesapeake ..................... .
Treaty Proceedings ............................................. .
Tuscaroras On Susquehannocks .' ................................ .
Treaty, The Great--Conestoga Have a Copy ...................... .
Tawenna's Speech at Conestoga Treaty ........................... .
Treaty of Shawanese at Philadelphia .............................. .
Traders - Complaint Against ................................... .
Traders in Danger from the Indians ..............................
Thomas, Governor Sick ......................................... .
Treaty at Lancaster In 1748 ...................................... .
The Last Two Indians In Lancaster County ........ , ................ .
W
414
3
3
3
5
6
22
26
34
36
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
102
105
111
120
126
130
151
156
171
172
173
233
241
281
3U
322
325
340
349
350
386
Weapons of the Susquehannocks .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
War Customs of the Susquehannocks ....... '....................... 13
War Declared Against the Susquehannocks ........................ 27
War Dress of the Susquehannocks ................................. 36
War and Small Pox Among the Susquehannocks .................... 54
War Howls of the Susquehannocks ........... :.................... 62
Women of Susquehanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Washington, John of Virginia Leads the Army Against Susquehan'ks 78
Walking Purchase Stretches to Susquehanna ...................... 134
Walking Purchase-Boundary of ................................. 136
Wldaagh, et. al.-Deed to Penn .................................... 151
Wright, James Appointed to Look After Indians ................... 155
Walking Purchase-Boundary of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 156
Walker, Isaac's Monument at Gap to Penn's Visit .................. 161
Whltes-Earllest Land at Conestoga ............................... 169
White Men at Conestoga .......................................... 168
Whites .Among Conestogas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17 ..
Digitized by Coogle
416
INDEX
Washington Borough-Governor Evans
l
Treaty at ................. 188
Wampum-Mysterious Belt of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 200
Worley, Henry-Messenger to Conestoga .......................... 202
Weiser, Conrad-On Indian Religion ............................... 218
Wigwams On Octoraro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 240
Warrat for Springetsbury Manor ........................ . . . . . . . .. 281
Whiwhinjac-King of the Ganawese ................................ 282
Walking Purchase - Trouble About .............................. 286
Wright, Thomas, Killed Near Conestoga ........................... 291
Wright'I!, John, Letter About Enmity of Shawanese ................ 295
Whites Not Killed by the Conestogas ............................... 322
Walking Purchase Mentioned .................................... 324
Walking Purchase Again Mentiol)ed in 1757 ........................ 366
V
Virg!nia Will Make Peace with the Susquehannocks................. 101
Valley Forge and Penn ............................................ 161
Virginia, Governor of and Conestoga Treaty ........................ 224
Virginia Dissatisfied with the Conestogas .......................... 251
Virginia-Treaty .with the Conestogas .............................. 278
U
Upland Court Protects SUBquehannocks from Kidnapping .......... 105
y
Yaowacoes and Susquehannocks .................................... 17
Young, Jacob-Seneca Fight at. Honse ............................. 104
Young Sent to the Old Susquehanna Fort .......................... 112
Young, Jacob - Impeachment .................................. " 123
Young, Jacob-Married Susquehannock Squaw ..................... 123
Young'B Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124
Young's Service For Maryland .................................... 124
Young, Jacob-His Conspiracy Discussed .......................... 126
z
Zachariah Fort
119
END.
Digitized by Coogle
Digitized by Coogle
- - - - - ----
Ii 11\ 111\1 IIIII II 1\11\1 II 11\
3 9015 00369 2574
--- - --- - - -- ----.....
DO NOT REMOVE
OR
MUTILATE CARD
Digitized by Coogt e

Lancaster County (PA) Indians OCR

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lancaster County (PA) Indians OCR

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned

by Google as part of a project

You might also like