Solar Photovoltaics

Introduction Equivalent Circuit of a Solar Cell V I Characteristics of a Solar Cell Impacts of Temperature and Insolation SPV Technologies Stand-alone SPV System Work in Progress

SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

PRINCIPLE OF A PV CELL

PRINCIPLE OF A PV CELL

EQUIVALENT CKT. OF A PV CELL

EQUIVALENT CKT. OF A PV CELL

A MORE ACCURATE EQUIVALENT CKT. OF A PV CELL

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A MORE ACCURATE EQUIVALENT CKT. OF A PV CELL

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A MORE ACCURATE EQUIVALENT CKT. OF A PV CELL

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A MORE ACCURATE EQUIVALENT CKT. OF A PV CELL

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A MORE ACCURATE EQUIVALENT CKT. OF A PV CELL

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CELL, MODULE AND ARRAY

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V I CHARACTERISTICS OF A PV MODULE

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V I CHARACTERISTICS OF A PV MODULE

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V I CHARACTERISTICS OF A PV MODULE

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EFFECT OF CELL TEMP. AND IRRADIANCE ON A PV MODULE

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SPV Technologies

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SOLAR CELL - CLASSIFICATION

Homojunction Only silicon as a base for p-n junction. Heterojunction Two base materials 1. Cadmium sulphide & copper sulphide 2. Cadmium sulphide & indium phosphide

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HOMOJUNCTION CELLS
Amorphous silicon Polycrystalline silicon Monocrystalline silicon

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AMORPHOUS SILICON
Least efficient (less than 5%) Easy to manufacture

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POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON
Many crystals in a single silicon Presence of inter grain boundaries Efficiency = 7% Less costly Higher production speed

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MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON
Crystal growth by conversion of polycrystalline Si to single crystal Si. Efficiency=15% More complex and costly manufacturing process.
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BASIC USES OF SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS

Solar Energy

Thermal Energy

Light / Photo Energy

Domestic

Industrial

Domestic

Industrial

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Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

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Solar Cell, Module, Array

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Solar Modules

Mono Crystalline Si Range

Multi Crystalline Si Range

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STAND-ALONE PV BASED HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM

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SPECIFICATIONS OF A PV BASED HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM

Solar Photovoltaic Panel 12V, 37Wp Battery Low maintenance JBNS 12V,45 Ah Solar PV Charge Controller :Max. charging current - 5 A Max. Load current -5A Nominal voltage - 12 V Fuse - 5A

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DESIGN PROCEDURE OF A STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Determine load data Obtain the available solar radiation data for the intended site every day for the whole year Select the battery size Select the size of solar array Estimate lower and upper bounds on array size Select the array inclination Find optimum array size Modify array inclination

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SOLAR-PHOTOVOLTAIC POWERED WATER PUMPING SYSTEM

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SPV Based water pumping system

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SPV powered Water Pumping System

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Comparison of different motors for PV water pumping

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Q-H Characs. of SQFlex water pump

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Technical Data of this pump

Flow Q max. 90 m3 per day Head H max. 120m Liquid Temp. 0-40 C Voltage Supply 30-300 V DC or 90-240 V, 50/60 Hz Installation Depth max. 120m

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Features and Benefits of Pump

Simple installation Reliable water Supply Virtually no maintenance Expansion possibilities Cost effective pumping Dry running protection Runs without battery during the daytime and with battery during night hours and low sunlight periods

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Cost Effectiveness
System size Installation complexity System production Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Financial incentives

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PV Pump Configurations
Submerged multistage centrifugal motor pumpsets : Easy to install, motor pumpset is submerged away from potential damage Submerged Pumps with surface mounted motors : Easy maintenance Reciprocating Positive Disp. Pumps : For high head, low flow applications Floating motor-pump sets: For Irrigation pumping from canals and open wells. Surface Suction Pumpsets: Operator needed; Self-start and priming problems.

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Grid Connected System - BHEL

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