Professional Documents
Culture Documents
H Anthony Chan h.a.chan@ieee.org http://www.eng.uct.ac.za/~achan Mqhele E Dlodlo mdlodlo@ebe.uct.ac.za http://www.uct.ac.za/courses/eee_mdlodlo/ Department of Electrical Engineering University of Cape Town
Aims
To review the Basic Principles of Telecommunications To outline necessary background knowledge for higher level systems analysis, design, selection and management To identify critical systems characteristics To identify telecommunication systems as:
Radio Systems Data Systems, and Television Systems
To outline a sample of Business Services offered by Telecommunication Systems To cite some strategic issues facing telecommunication systems
Mqhele E. Dlodlo & H. Anthony Chan EEE402F Module B: Convergent Voice and Data Network
Telecommunication Basics Tutorial 12 April 2013
Objectives To demonstrate an understanding of the place of data communications in telecommunication systems To show an appreciation of the ubiquity of telecommunications in todays society To show an ability to identify and explain system characteristics
Telecommunication
The extension of communication over a distance, under the practical constraints of attenuation, noise and interference such that something may be lost in the process; hence the term 'telecommunication' covers all forms of distance and/or conversion of the original communications, like
radio, telegraphy, television, telephony, data communication and computer networking.
Mqhele E. Dlodlo & H. Anthony Chan EEE402F Module B: Convergent Voice and Data Network
Telecommunication Basics Tutorial 12 April 2013
Telecommunication Systems
A telecommunication system receives and converts some original information energy (voice, music, video, data) into an electronic information signal, transmits the signal and converts the signal at the destination back to its desired form. No live transfer! Examples include:
Telephone networks Data communication networks Computer networks Broadcast networks radio and television
Main Types:
Elementary Concepts Wire-line A line system passes the electronic information signal down a wire, cable or fibre link (or a combination of these) The propagation speed can be as low as 60% the speed of light in some media. A source encoder converts analogue information into a Pulse Code Modulated (PCM) signal before transmission
Mqhele E. Dlodlo & H. Anthony Chan EEE402F Module B: Convergent Voice and Data Network
Telecommunication Basics Tutorial 12 April 2013
Line System Characteristics Attenuation and Noise Modulation: AM, FM, PM, PCM Twisted pair copper wires Coaxial cable or tube Optical fibre Transmission line characteristics
Electromagnetic light waves (pulsed infra red laser light) Propagation Antenna design Satellite link design Land-mobile access network design Maritime communication systems design Error-control coding Multiple access control schemes Detection schemes, e.g. joint detection
EEE402F Module B: Convergent Voice and Data Network
Telecommunication Basics Tutorial 12 April 2013
Data Networks and Systems Open Systems Interconnection Model Internetworking Model Data services and packet switching Frame mode bearer services Local area networks (LANs) Wide area networks (WANs)
Is extended to data and multimedia control Separates signalling and user traffic Provides better support for services like:
network management Network maintenance Centralised call accounting
Transmission
The central problem of transmission is the conveyance of signals as waves over distances significant with respect to the wavelengths involved Large volumes of data are regularly transmitted sequentially making it necessary to encode the information into a signal A travelling sinusoidal wave progressively experiences increased phase delay and attenuation with distance in the direction of propagation The main characteristics of transmission media are the propagation constant, characteristic impedance and reflection coefficient Transmission media include twisted copper wire pairs, coaxial cables, strip lines, waveguides, optical fibre and free space Transmission system design and analysis relies greatly on electromagnetic theory as well as differential and integral calculus
Switching Principles
Goal: to enable any terminal (telephone, data terminal, computer) as requested by the calling party Switching centre telephone exchange Full mesh backbone or core networks Digital switching time division stages shift PCM words in time between incoming and outgoing channels, multiplexing them onto different time slots Space division provides direct physical paths right through the exchange connecting the local loops of one subscriber to that of another.
Frame Relay (FR) Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Internet Protocol (IP) IP Virtual Private Network (IP VPN)
Business Services
Private Automatic Branch Exchange, key-phones, Centrex Virtual Private Networks (VPN) Private networks and leased lines Conference calling ISDN supplementary services Mobile telecommunication systems paging, SMS, voice, remote login, email, Internet access Free-phones 0800 series Facsimile Interactive services teletex, teletext, email, EFT-POS, credit cards, smart cards, voice mail Voice over IP
EEE402F Module B: Convergent Voice and Data Network
Telecommunication Basics Tutorial 12 April 2013
Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) and variants Wireless Local Loop Dial-up Email or Internet Access Telephone Banking Internet Banking Automatic Teller Machines Phone Cards Emergency Services Online Directory Services Online Shopping
Strategic Issues
Telecommunications network numbering Telecommunications standards Telecommunications network management
Centralised maintenance Reliability Voice tariffs Forecasting future demand