Title of the paper: Overview of Waste Plastic and Crumb Rubber Used in Bituminous Concrete Mix Author Name

: Mr. Chirag B. Patel M.E. Civil (Transportation) Engineering Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology P.O. Limda, Ta. Waghodia, Vadodara -391760

Address : 19-Gitanjali Society, Near Dudh Sagar Dairy, Mehsana-Unjha Highway, Mehsana-384002 (M) +91 7567647301 Email : patel.chig@gmail.com

Guided By: Prof. S.M.Damodariya Reader in Civil Engineering Department, Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology P.O. Limda, Ta. Waghodia, Vadodara -391760

OVERVIEW OF WASTE PLASTIC AND CRUMB RUBBER USED IN BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIX
Mr. Chirag B. Patel1, Prof. S.M.Damodariya2
1

M.E. Student, Transportation Engineering, Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology, Waghodia.(M)7567647301 2 Reader, Civil Engineering Dept., Parul College of Engineering & Technology, Waghodia. (M) 9879345303. 1 patel.chig@gmail.com 2 smdamodariya@yahoo.com in its molten state has helped in finding out a method of safe disposal of waste plastics, by using them in road laying. Modified Bitumen is one of the important construction materials for flexible pavements. Use of plastic waste (LDPE) and Crumb Rubber i.e. the rubber obtained from the waste tyres of vehicles, in the construction of flexible pavement is gaining importance. It is also worth mentioning that, the modifier raw-material has been sourced from disposed waste plastic and crumb rubber. This not only allows us to collect modifier raw material at low cost, but also provides a solution towards ecological menace posed by increased use of plastics (nonbiodegradable). In the present study, an attempt has been made to use waste plastic, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Crumb Rubber, blended using dry process for LDPE and wet process for CRMB. Marshal method of bituminous mix design was carried out for varying percentages of LDPE and Crumb Rubber to determine the different mix design characteristics. 2. WASTE SCENARIO The consumption of plastics have increased from 4000 tons/annum (1990) to 4 million tons/annum (2001)and it is rise up to 1,35,00,000 tones/annum(2011). Nearly 50 to 60% of the total plastics are consumed for packing. Once used plastic materials are thrown out. They do not undergo biodecomposition. Hence, they are either land filled or incinerated. Both are not ecofriendly processes as they pollute the land and the air. Waste tyres in India are categorized as solid waste or hazardous waste. It is estimated that about 60% of (retreaded) waste tyres are disposed via unknown routes in the urban as well as rural areas. The hazards of waste tyres include- air pollution associated with open burning of tyres (particulates, odor, visual impacts, and other harmful contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, dioxin, furans and oxides of nitrogen), aesthetic pollution caused by

Abstract- Now-a-days disposal of different wastes

produced from different Industries is a great problem. These materials pose environmental pollution in the nearby locality because many of them are non-biodegradable. In India, it is estimated that over 33 lakh kilometers of road exists. The road transport carries close to 90% of passenger traffic and 70% of freight transport. Investigations in India and countries abroad have revealed that properties of bitumen and bituminous mixes can be improved to meet requirements of pavement with the incorporation of certain additives or blend of additives. These additives are called Bitumen Modifiers and the bitumen premixed with these modifiers is known as modified bitumen. Modified bitumen is expected to give higher life of surfacing (up to 100%) depending upon degree of modification and type of additives and modification process used. Different types of modifiers used are Polymers, Natural Rubber and Crumb Rubber.

Key words- waste plastic, crumb rubber, utilization,

rheological properties, stability 1. INTRODUCTION Increased number of traffic loads with overloading of axles in excess of permissible limits & higher tyre pressure have caused widespread problems with bituminous roads on national highways & available 60/70 & 80/100 grade bitumen is not suitable for express way, heavy duty roads in industrial complex , ports & airfield pavement. The accelerated deterioration of bituminous surfacing prematurely burdens the maintenance budget & poses funds constraints on new developments. Plastics are user friendly but not eco-friendly as they are non-biodegradable. Generally it is disposed by way of land filling or incineration of materials which are hazardous. The better binding property of plastics

waste tyre stockpiles and illegal waste tyre collecting and other impacts such as alterations in hydrological regimes when gullies and watercourses become waste sites. Table -1 Chemical properties of crumb rubber Content Method Percentage Acetone extract Ash Carbon black Polymer content ASTM D297-18 ASTM D297 -18 ASTM E1 131 ASTM E1 131 <13 <9 31 2 54 4

both the cases of LDPE and CRMB when compared with 60/70 grade bitumen. Afroz Sultana (2012), Based on the stability values they concluded that, the optimum percentage of plastic is 8%, 6% for plastic coated aggregate samples and polymer modified bitumen samples respectively for PP type of plastic, and 8% is optimum for LDPE type of plastic for both plastic coated aggregate and polymer modified samples. Pravin Kumar and Rashi Garg (2010), concluded that the properties of bitumen such as penetration, softening point and ductility were improved with addition of the waste fibre. The optimum dose of the fibre was found to be 0.6 percent on the basis of performance grade 70. 4. CONCLUSIONS By the study of the above research papers we find that the by adding the waste materials in proper proportion to the bitumen improves the high temperature properties of bitumen such as viscosity, ductility, penetration, softening point. From the results of previous studies, it aspires to consider crumb rubber modifier in hot mix asphalt to improve resistance to rutting and produce pavements with better durability by minimising the distresses caused in hot mix asphalt pavement. Hence, road users would be ensured of safer and smoother roads. 5. REFERENCES:
[1] Gawande Amit et. al.,(2012), An Overview On Waste Plastic Utilization In Asphalting Of Roads, Journal of Engineering research and Studies, Vol. III, Issue II, 01-05. [2] Mashaan Nuha S. et. al.,(2012) An overview of crumb rubber modified asphalt, International Journal of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 7(2),166 170. [3]Mrs. Swami Vidula et. al., Use of Waste Plastic in Construction of Bituminous Road, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, May-2012, Vol.-4, 2351-2355. [4]Khan Imtiyaz and Dr. Gundaliya P.J.,(2012) Utilization of Waste Polyethylene Material in Bituminous Concrete Mix for Improved Performance of Flexible Pavements, International Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.-1, 57-58. [5] Rokade S,(2012)Use of Waste Plastic and Waste Rubber Tyres in Flexible Highway Pavements, international conference on future environment and energy, Vol. 28,105-108. [6] Sultana Afroz. SK and Prasad K.S.B., (2012)Utilization of Waste Plastic as a Strength Modifier in Surface Course of Flexible and Rigid Pavements, International Journal of Engineering Research and Application, Vol. 2, Issue 4, 1185-1191. [7] Kumar Pravin and Garg Rashi, (2010)Laboratory Studies on Waste Plastic Fibre Modified Bitumen, Highway Research Journal,45-60.

(source:- www.alstrongreclaim.com) 3. LITERATURE RIEWE: Amit Gawande (2012) In their paper they reviewed the techniques for use of waste plastic in flexible pavement and they conclude that the use of modified bitumen with the addition of processed waste plastic of about 5-10% by weight of bitumen helps in substantially improving the Marshall stability. Nuha S. Mashaan (2012) In their review study presented the application of crumb rubber modifier in the asphalt modification of flexible pavement. From the results of previous studies, it aspires to consider crumb rubber modifier in hot mix asphalt to improve resistance to rutting and produce pavements with better durability by minimising the distresses caused in hot mix asphalt pavement. Hence, road users would be ensured of safer and smoother roads. Mrs.Vidula Swami et. al.,(2012) concluded that the Marshall Stability and flow value increased up to 26.86% and 14.77% respectively as compared to the conventional mix when 5.5% bitumen content used with 10% bitumen replaced by plastic waste. Imtiyaz Khan and Dr. P.J.Gundaliya, (2012) concluded that the waste polythene utilized in mix will coated over aggregate of mixture and reduce porosity, absorption of moisture and improve binding property. The bitumen modified with 4% polythene waste is showing better performance as compared to other mixes. The Marshall Stability which is strength parameter has shown increasing trend with a maximum increase percent of 34.26% as compared to conventional mix when modified with 4% Polythene Waste. Rokade S. (2012) concluded that the use of LDPE and CRMB reveals that the Marshal Stability value, which is the strength parameter of SDBC, has shown increasing trend and the maximum values have increased by about 25 % by addition of LDPE and CRMB. The density of the mix has also increased in