Prcfacc

5
INTRODUCTION
Tle peifoinance of Isaac Allniz's piano nusic on lle guilai is a liadilion as old as lle
nusic ilself. Iiancisco Tiiega (1852-19O9), an alnosl exacl conlenpoiaiy of Allniz, vas
piolally lle fiisl guilaiisl lo aiiange Allniz's nusic (le lefl aiiangenenls of Patana-
capric|c and Granaa), and vas folloved ly lis sludenls Miguel Ilolel and Lnilio Iujol,
anongsl olleis, vlo aiianged fuillei pieces in veisions foi loll one and lvo guilais. Tle
liadilion vas conlinued ly Andis Segovia, vlo vas peilaps lle fiisl lo pioduce a
voikalle guilai aiiangenenl of lle nov uliquilous |cqcna, and duiing lle 193O's, 4O's,
and 5O's lle Union Musical Lspaola pullisled lileially dozens of Allniz's pieces in guilai
veisions nade ly sucl aiiangeis as Miguel ngel, Caica Velasco, M. Clacn, Iuis
Maiavilla, and lle piolific Seveiino Caica Ioilea. In noie iecenl yeais, conceil ailisls lave
conlinued lo aiiange Allniz's piano nusic, and in so doing lave eslallisled an inpoilanl
iepeiloiy of adopled nusic foi lle guilai. In facl ve can say llal loday pieces sucl as
Granaa, |cqcna, Scti||a, Ccrcoa, Ma||crca, and Tcrrc 3crncja giace noie guilai iecilal
piogians llan lley do ones foi piano.
Despile lle laige nunlei of availalle edilions of Allniz's nusic in aiiangenenls foi
lle guilai, lleie exisls no pullicalion llal piesenls all lle slandaid ilens of llis adopled
iepeiloiie logellei in a single colleclion, aiianged and ediled accoiding lo consislenl
ciileiia. Tle playei visling lo peifoin, foi inslance, lle five pieces llal conpiise Allniz'
Can|cs c |spana is faced vill lle piospecl of ollaining five sepaiale ilens, fion lle pens of
diffeienl aiiangeis, vlicl nusl llen le ie-ediled in oidei lo foin a cogenl vlole. Tle
edilion of 26 pieces piesenled leie, lovevei, suiveys all lle "slandaid" ilens of lle Allniz
"guilai iepeiloiy," and adds lo llose lle novenenls necessaiy lo conplele nany of lle
gioupings pullisled duiing lle conposei's lifeline. In addilion, lle aiiangenenls lave
leen nade in consullalion vill lle veiy eailiesl edilions of lle oiiginals, vlicl oflen diffei
quile significanlly fion noie iecenl ie-edilings (especially in iegaid lo lenpo, dynanics,
pliasing sluis, and ollei expiession naikings). Idionalic faclois lave also leen a piincipal
concein and, despile a ceilain fidelily lo lle piano oiiginals, I lelieve playeis vill le pleased
vill lle oveiall playalilily of lle aiiangenenls.
I lave also included lackgiound infoinalion conceining lle pieces, as vell as
Allniz's nusical slyle, lle pliase naikings found in lis scoies, and ollei peifoinance-
ielaled issues.
Prcfacc
6
AILNIZ AND THL CUITAR
Alllougl il las oflen leen said llal Allniz leaid lis nusic played on lle guilai ly no less
a figuie llan Iiancisco Tiiega, lle facl llal no evidence docunenling sucl a neeling
lelveen lle lvo gieal Spanisl nusicians las leen found las led nany lo lle conclusion
llal lle sloiy is apociyplal, llal il vas adopled ly guilaiisls in an allenpl lo juslify
peifoinance of llis nusic on lle guilai. Tleie is, lovevei, evidence llal a significanl
ielalionslip exisled lelveen Allniz and Tiiega's nosl illusliious pupil, Miguel Ilolel
(1878-1938). In a lellei lo lis fiiend Lniique Moiagas, Allniz desciiles lle peifoinance
aesllelic of lvo gieal Spanisl pianisls, }oaquin Malals and Lniique Cianados, along vill a
lliid nusician~lle guilaiisl Ilolel:
Malals, a Calalan, inleipiels like an Andalusian, Cianados, fion Ileida, lecones alsoiled like
no one else in lle nelancloly of lle Andalusian fields, Miguel Ilolel, lle aicelona guilaiisl
loideiing on lle vondious, suipiises, nol vill Cypsy ilyllns, lul iallei in lle vay le
inpiesses on lle sliings of lis guilai a slanp of eleganl aullenlicily llal is anazing.

Iuilleinoie, Ilolel appeaied in a lenefil conceil aiianged ly Allniz al lle Sala Ciiall in
Tiana (neai aicelona) on Seplenlei 14, 19O6, vleie le played Allniz's Granaa and ollei
liansciiplions.

Allniz's endoisenenl of
Ilolel, especially al a line
vlen lle guilaiisl's conceil
piogians veie conpiised
nainly of liansciiplions of one
lype oi anollei, suggesls llal
lle conposei vas noie llan
lappy lo leai lis nusic
peifoined on lle guilai, al
leasl in lle lands of Miguel
Ilolel.

Ciled in }os Maia Iloiens Cislei, "Nolas indilas solie el viiluosisino de Isaac Allniz y su
pioduccon pianslica,' 1O1. Tianslaled in Wallei Claik, |saac A|ocniz. Pcr|rai| cf a Rcnan|ic, 283 (Iondon:
Oxfoid Univeisily Iiess, 1998).

Tlis infoinalion cones fion a inleiviev vill lle Calalan violinisl MaiianoIeiell, a fiiend of Allniz's
lovaid lle end of lle conposei's life, and is ciled in Ailuio Ilopis, "Ln el cenlenaiio de Isaac Allniz,"
Dcs|inc (13 Iel. 196O), 13-17. Tianslaled in Claik, Pcr|rai|, 254.
Miguc| ||coc| (1878-1938)
Prcfacc
7
ISAAC AILNIZ
Tle ienaikalle sloiy of Allniz's eaily life las leen lold and ielold foi alnosl a cenluiy.
An audilion foi lle Iaiis conseivaloiy al lle age of six, conceil louis as a iunavay fion age
eigll, lis sloving avay lo lle Nev Woild on a sleanslip, and sulsequenl louis
lliougloul lle Aneiicas aie lle sluff of legend. Moie ienaikalle, llougl, is lle iealily llal
Allniz's advenluies seen lo lave leen, like lis nusic, of lis ovn ionanlic invenlion.
Of sone llings, ve can le faiily ceilain. Isaac Manuel Iiancisco Allniz y Iascual vas
loin on May 29, 186O in lle snall Calalan lovn of Conpiodn in lle noill-easlein coinei
of Spain. Tliee yeais lalei lle fanily noved lo aicelona, and in 1864, al lle age of 4,
Allniz gave lis fiisl pullic peifoinance, al lle Tealio Ronea vill lis sislei Clenenlina.
Accoiding lo Allniz legend, in 1866, al lle age of six, le vas laken lo Iaiis lo sludy vill
Mainonlel in piepaialion foi applicalion lo lle conseivaloiy vleie, despile a successful
audilion, lis adnission vas defeiied aflei le lliev a lall lliougl a pane of glass. In iealily,
lovevei, no sucl audilion evei look place.
In 1867 Allniz's eldesl sislei, Lniiquela, died of lyplus, and lle folloving yeai lle
fanily noved lo Madiid, vleie Isaac enleied lle nusic conseivaloiy. In 1869 Isaac lad
viillen lis fiisl-knovn voik, lle Marc|a Mi|i|ar "al Lxcelenlsino seoi Vizconde del
iucl," pullisled ly Calcogiafa de Lslava in Madiid, alliiluled "poi el nio de oclo aos
Isaac Allniz."
In 1875 Isaac's fallei, Angel, vas appoinled Inspecloi Ceneial foi Cuslons lo Cula
(llen slill undei Spanisl iule) and depailed foi Havana. Tle pievious yeai Isaac's second
sislei, lanca, upon leing denied enliy as a singei lo lle Tealio de Zaizuela, lad connilled
suicide.
On 1876, al 16 yeais of age, Allniz liaveled lo Ieipzig
lo sludy vill Reinecke (a vell-knovn Mozail inleipielei)
and }adassoln (a disciple of Iiszl). Reluining lo Madiid,
Allniz gained lle suppoil of Conde de Moiply, secielaiy
lo Alonso XII, vlo aiianged a sclolaislip lo allov fuillei
sludy al lle conseivaloiy in iussels.

In iussels, Allniz
sludied piano undei lle young iassin, and al lle
conclusion of lis sludies, in 1879, vas avaided a joinl fiisl
piize al lle conseivaloiy conpelilion in piano.
In Augusl 188O, Allniz aiiived in udapesl vill lle
inlenlion of sludying vill lle giealesl pianisl of lle
nineleenll cenluiy, lle voild's nosl esleened living
nusician, Iianz Iiszl. On Augusl 16ll le nade lle
folloving enliy in lis nolelook: "Today I visiled Iiszl. I vill
sludy. Tonoiiov le vill ieceive ne again." And lvo days
lalei, on lle 18ll:
"I venl lo see Iiszl. He ieceived ne in a nosl anialle nannei. I played lvo of ny eludes
and a Hungaiian ilapsody. He appeaied veiy pleased vill ne, especially vlen I inpiovised a
dance on a Hungaiian llene vlicl le gave ne. He asked ne foi delails aloul Spain, ny
paienls, ny ideas aloul ieligion and, finally, aloul nusic in geneial. I lold lin fiankly and
calegoiically llal I gave no llougll lo any of llese llings, vlicl appeaied lo please lin. I an lo
ieluin lle day aflei lonoiiov. ooks vlicl I nusl luy: lle voiks of Zola and Tuigenieff."

Moiply, a foinei sludenl of Ilis, is peilaps lesl ienenleied ly nusic sclolais loday foi lis volune of
nodein nolalion liansciiplions of viluela nusic.
A|ocniz uring |is s|ucn| aqs
Prcfacc
8
Iiszl, lovevei, vas nol in udapesl al llis line, lul iallei vas in Weinai. Allniz peilaps
nade lle nolelook enliies lo inpiess upon lis fanily and lle Conde de Moiply llal lis
liip lad leen a success.
Upon lis ieluin lo Spain Allniz iesuned conceilizing and peifoinances in Spain
veie folloved in 188O and 1881 ly a vell-ieceived loui in Cula. y llis line lle young
conposei lad viillen aiound 5O voiks, noslly liillianl piano pieces in ionanlic slyle, lul
also a sui|c ncrisca (conpiising Marc|a c |a caratana, |a ncc|c, |a anza c |as csc|atcs and
zanora), lvo Capric|cs ana|uccs, seveial zaizuelas, and a conceil suile conlaining a scrcna|a
ncrisca and a capric|c cuoanca foi sexlel. If Allniz lad conlenplaled a Iiszlian
"aullenlicily" foi a nusic of Spain, le lad nol yel iealized lle neans ly vlicl llis could le
aclieved. ul in 1883, Allniz nel Ielipe Iediell~lle guiding figuie in lle ciealion of a
nalionalislic sclool of Spanisl nusic. Al llis sane line, lle slalilily of Allniz's life vas
fuillei enlanced ly a piano sludenl of lis, Rosina }oidana. Tley veie naiiied in aicelona
on }une 23, 1883.
In 1885 Allniz's' fiisl son, Alfonso vas loin, and al lle end of lle yeai, undei lle
palionage of lle Conde de Moiply, lle fanily noved lo Madiid. Iolloving seveial
conceils lleie, 1886 sav lle pullicalion in a Madiid peiiodical of Allniz's liogiaply, |saac
A|ocniz, nc|as cri|icc-oicgr4ficas c |an cninanc|c pianis|a, pail of vlicl vas included in
Aileaga y Ieieiia's look Cc|coriacs nusica|cs (aicelona, 1886). Conposilions fion llis
line include lle fiisl Sui|c cspanc|a, Op. 47 and lle Rccucrcs c tiajc, Op. 71 (loll peifoined
in Madiid in 1886), as vell as nany salon pieces dedicaled lo nenleis of lle Madiilienese
aiislociacy, sludenls, fanily, and fiiends.
Allniz gave a vell-ieceived conceil of lis ovn voiks in Iaiis in Apiil 1889 (ciilics
spoke of lis supeiioi piano leclnique, lis lonal and conliapunlal conliol, and lis giaceful,
lianspaienl, seiene disposilion) lefoie noving lo Lngland, vleie le ienained foi lliee
yeais undei lle palionage and nanagenenl of Iondon lusinessnan Heniy Iovenfeld.
Conposilions fion llis line include Dcs anzas cspanc|as op 164, |spana op 165, Scrcna|a
cspanc|a (peifoined al Sl. }anes Hall in Maicl 1891), Ma||crca (peifoined in Iondon in
Novenlei 189O, and Apiil and }une 1891), and Zanora granaina.
}anuaiy 1893 sav lle pienieie of Allniz's lvo-acl opeia T|c Magic Opa| al lle Iiince
of Wales' Tlealie in Iondon. Iiaised ly lle Mcrning Pcs| foi ils "oiiginalily and ailislic
value," lle success led lo one of lle llealei lackeis, lle lankei Iiancis Money-Coulls (Ioid
Ialynei), pioviding Allniz a geneious yeaily salaiy in exclange foi selling lliee of lis
lilielli lo nusic. Alllougl sone viileis clain llal Allniz lalei conplained llal lle
aiiangenenl diained lis ciealive eneigy, iefeiiing lo il as a "pacl vill Iausl," Money-
Coulls in facl lecane a close fiiend of Allniz and conlinued lis suppoil villoul concein
foi lleii oiiginal lusiness agieenenl.
Alandoning lis conceil caieei lo concenliale on conposilion, Allniz look up
iesidence in Iaiis, vlile al lle sane line liying lo eslallisl linself as a dianalic conposei
in lis nalive Spain. A one-acl zaizuela, San An|cnic c |a ||cria, vas pienieied in Madiid al
lle Tealio Apollo in Oclolei 1894, lul vas only sonevlal vell ieceived. Al lle pienieie of
|a scr|ija (lle Spanisl veision of T|c Magic Opa|), peifoined lle folloving nonll al lle
Tealio de la Zaizuela in Madiid, lle audience openly piolesled. Allniz ieluined lo Iaiis~
vleie le ienained foi nucl of lle ienaindei of lis ciealive life.
In Iaiis, Allniz voiked on lle lliee opeias conliacled ly Money-Coulls. Hcnrq
C|iffcr, lased on lle Lnglisl Wais of lle Roses, vas pienieied al lle Cian Tealio del Iiceo
in aicelona in May 1895, lul ieceived no fuillei peifoinances. A second voik, lle lyiic
conedy Pcpi|a ]incncz, vas also pienieied al lle Cian Tealio del Iiceo in aicelona, in
}anuaiy 1896, lul vas only nodeialely vell ieceived. Tle lliid opeia, King Ar||ur, an
anlilious liilogy conpiising Mcr|in, |ancc|c|, and Guinatcrc, vas nol conpleled. Alllougl
Allniz lalei conplained aloul lle line le consideied vasled on llese opeias, le did
nanage lo voik on a nunlei of noie peisonal voiks, including lle five-novenenl C|an|s
Prcfacc
9
c |spana. Tle folloving yeai le legan voik on a nev piano suile T|c A||anora, lul
conpleled only lle fiisl novenenl, lle ienaikalle, yel lillle knovn, |a tcga (signed Iaiis,
Ieliuaiy 14, 1897).
Aiound llis line, Allniz's' lealll legan lo fail. He vas a clionic suffeiei of iigll's
disease (nepliilis), a disease of lle kidneys, and lad spenl lle sunnei of 1898 al lle lealll
spa of Ilonliies, in lle Vosgos. Tvo yeais lalei, in
19OO, lis nollei died in Madiid. In May of 19O2,
Allniz venl lo Madiid foi lle coionalion of Alfonso
XIII and in 19O3, aflei a spell in Tiana, aicelona, le
noved lo lle claleau Sainl Iauienl in Nice, in lle
Soull of Iiance. Sloilly aflei, le leained of lle deall of
lis fallei. Heie, lelveen lle end of 19O5 and lle
leginning of 19O8 Allniz conposed lle ienaikalle,
viiluosic sel of 12 pieces llal conpiise |ocria. Of lle
voik Manuel de Ialla said "Ileiia is nol only an
evocalion, il las lle giealesl nalional significance, il is a
liue lisloiical docunenl: il is, ly neans of nusical
language, lle Andaluca of pasl lines..."
Al lle leginning of 19O9, lis lealll voisening, lis
fanily look lin lo lle lo lle snall Iyianees village of
Canlo-les-lains. His final visilois included Iallo
Casals, Alfied Coilol and, al lle end, Lniique
Cianados, vlo liougll vill lin a lellei fion Delussy
infoining Allniz llal lle Iiencl goveinnenl lad
avaided lin lle Cioss of lle Iegion of Honoi. Sloilly
aflei, on May 18, 19O9, eleven days lefoie lis foily-ninll liillday, Isaac Allniz died.
AILNIZ'S MUSIC
Isaac Allniz vas lle fiisl Spanisl conposei lo aclieve a significanl nalional slyle of
conposilion, and vas lle najoi inspiialion lo lle Spanisl conposeis vlo cane aflei lin.
Unlike lis successois (conposeis sucl as Tuiina and Ialla), lovevei, Allniz did nol
inlioduce au||cn|ic folk elenenls inlo lis nusic. Rallei, lis conposilions consisl essenlially
of viillen-oul inpiovisalions lased upon lis ovn nelodies~slylized ionanlic
liansfoinalions, evocalive of lle alnospleie of aullenlic Spanisl folk nusic, lul nol lased
diieclly upon ils delails. Wlile lle souice of llese evocalions vould appeai lo le lle liavels
Allniz nade lliougl Spain duiing lis eaily life, lle nain inpelus lelind llen vas
peilaps a noslalgia foi a Spain llal no longei exisled, inleieslingly, nucl of lis "Spanisl"
nusic vas viillen vlile le lived oulside Spain.
Allniz's giealesl inspiialion vas nol lis nalive piovince of Calalonia, lul iallei lle
soullein piovince of Andaluca, vleie lle influence of lle Moois in Spain is nosl sliongly
evidenl. In ciealing an evocalive Spanisl nusical expiession, Allniz adopled lle colois
and claiacleis of ||ancncc~lle Andalucian analgan of peiseculed culluies, Mooiisl,
}evisl, and Cypsy. Tlus ve find in Allniz's nusic ilyllns and lainonies evocalive of
sliunned guilais, lle Iliygian nelodies of lle Moois, and spiiil of ||c can|c jcnc (lle
soulful, liagic expiession of a painful life).
Musical Ianguage
A|ocniz in 1905
Prcfacc
1O
Alllougl Allniz iaiely adopled lle seclional plans of flanenco foins, le fiequenlly
inilaled lleii ilyllnic palleins, vocal infleclions, and aesllelic claiaclei. His foins oflen
aie no noie llan lle lypical lliee-pail AA designs of lale nineleenll-cenluiy salon nusic,
in vlicl le oflen uses lle lvo seclions lo conliasl lle soulful can|c jcnc vill a noie lively,
ligllei dance claiaclei.
Tleie is no doull llal lle nusical lexluie piesenled in nucl of Allniz's nusic inilales
lle guilai-playing, singing, and dancing lypical of flanenco nusic. Sonelines lle
evocalions aie quile lileial, as in lle Prc|uc of lle C|an|s '|spagnc, Op. 232, vlile al ollei
lines lley aie liglly slylized liansfoinalions, laden vill sullle iefeiences vlicl lave
lecone an inleinalized elenenl of lle conposei's language~a lainonic coloi, a nelodic
luin, a ilyllnic slape, an oinanenl. Many pieces aie luill on lle sliunned
acconpaninenl palleins of lle guilai:
Scrcna|a cspanc|a, Op. 181 :
&
&
#
#
#
#
#
#
4
3
4
3

>

>

Melodically, Allniz oflen uses lle claiacleiislic Iliygian node. Of piesuned

Mooiisl oiigin, lle dislinclive fealuies of llis node include a lalf-slep lelveen lle fiisl
and second scale degiees, loll najoi and ninoi veisions of lle lliid and sevenll scale
degiees, and lle iesulling polenlial foi loll uppei and lovei "leading lones" lo lle lonic
and lle unusual nelodic inleivals of lle augnenled second and dininisled lliid:
Spanis| P|rqgian |-Mcc :
&
w
I
w
II
aug .2nd
w
IIImi
w a
IIIma
w
IV
w
V
w
VI
aug .2nd
w
VIImi
w a
VIIIma
dim. 3rd
w
I
w
II
Tle nelodic augnenled second:
Granaa, Op. 47, nc. 1 :
&
#
8
3

aug. 2nd
#

#

a
n
J

.
Tle doulle "leading-lone" effecl (f-naluial and d#):
Tangc, Op. 164, nc. 2 :
Prcfacc
11
& 4
2
3

.
#
3

.

#

n

j

.
.

#

Tle loveied leading lone is also used, oflen evoking an unacconpanied voice in can|c jcnc
slyle:
Ma|agucna, Op. 165, nc. 3 :
&
#
4
3
f

>


.
>
J

>

3

Tle folloving descending leliacloid is also veiy claiacleiislic:
Prc|uc, Op. 165, nc. 1 :
&
b
4
3
P

.
j

.
.

Tle Spanisl Iliygian node also gives iise lo a nunlei of claiacleiislic lainonic
effecls. Ioi exanple, pieces in lle ninoi nelodic node alnosl alvays cadence on lle najoi
veision of lle lonic cloid (as in lle Tangc alove). Tle doulled leading-lone pioduces lle
augnenled-sixll Ilyigian doninanl (vlicl oflen ieplaces lle doninanl liadilionally lased
on cloid V):
Prc|uc, Op. 232, nc. 1 :
&
#
4
3
molto rall.

aug. 6th

.
.

#
U
.
.

Anollei claiacleiislic lainonic effecl lies in a cadenlial foinula of descending liiads lased
on lle descending nelodic leliacloid slovn alove:
Oricn|a|c, Op. 232, nc. 2 :
Prcfacc
12
& 8
3
3

#

And a final gioup of lainonies deiive fion lle guilai. Lspecially claiacleiislic aie llose
consisling of lle najoi liiad luill on lle loveied second scale degiee, sounding ovei "open-
sliing" pedals:
Gui|ar Harncnics :
&
w
w

#
w
w

w
w

#
w
w

b
Caiz-gai|ana:
& 8
3

r

b
.

.
.
J

b
.

.
R

.
J

b
.

.
3

Scrcna|a cspanc|a, Op. 181 :
& 4
3
F

>

>



n


.

#

Tle najoiily of Allniz's lainonic sliucluies, lovevei, fall vell villin liadilional Weslein
piaclice, and ve oflen find enliiely slandaid doninanls side-ly-side vill lleii noie
coloiful Iliygian counleipails. Iieces in Ilyigian ninoi node aie claiacleiislically
nolaled vill a key signaluie a fifll lovei llan usual (foi exanple e-ninoi villoul any
accidenlals, oi a-ninoi vill one flal).
Seveial pieces, especially lle langos, aie polyneliic sellings. Tlal is, lle nelody and
acconpaninenl aie sel in sinullaneous, opposing neleis. Usually, a genlle accenl on lle
nain leals of oc|| neleis is appiopiiale:
Cuoa, Op. 47, nc. 8.
&
#
#
#
#
8
6
f
> >
> >
Allegretto
3
4
6
8
.

#



.


>
> >
>
.
n


#




.

Oinanenls
Prcfacc
13
Allniz enploys lvo lypes of giace-nole oinanenls in lis nusic~lle acciacca|ura (nolaled
vill a snall slasled giace-nole) and lle uppcr ncrcn| (nolaled as 2 oi 3 leaned giace-noles
oi vill lle sign ), loll ieniniscenl of enplalic vocal infleclions. In nodeiale-lo-fasl
lenpos lle peifoinance of llese figuies is usually lineless~lle nain nole upon vlicl lle
oinanenl is placed loses lillle oi none of ils viillen value:

Granaa, Op. 47, nc. 1.

&
&
#
#
8
3
8
3

Tangc, Op. 164, nc. 2.

&
&
4
2
4
2

.
.

#

-
.
.

#

In slovei lenpos, llese oinanenls nay le peifoined less quickly, laking line fion lle
nain nole. Alllougl I lave iealized nany in cioss-sliing foin, fingeied i-a-n, playeis
slould feel fiee lo clange llen lo sluiied oinanenls if lley visl.

Iliasing and Lxpiession

Alllougl guilaiisls lend lo avoid lle use of pliasing sluis in lleii scoies, Allniz's nusic
vas viillen and pullisled vill giouping sluis and ailiculalion naiks as pail of lle
nusical nolalion, in ollei voids, as an essenlial pail of lle scoie. Tle gioupings piovided
in llis edilion aie lased on llose found in lle eailiesl edilions of lle nusic, vlicl usually
aie quile diffeienl lo llose found in lalei ie-edilings.

Tle nosl nolalle fealuie of lle eaily

Tlis is aclieved ly sliiking lle oinanenl vill lle lass-nole (if one is piesenl) on oi jusl lefoie lle leal,
yel giving lle nain nole, vlen il aiiives, ils full value.

In oidei lo aclieve lle necessaiy speed in execuling iapid i-a-n cioss-sliing oinanenls, llese figuies
slould le played as lvo slokes: i folloved ly lle conposile an, lle an slioke iesenlling a conliolled "ioll"
acioss lle lvo sliings.

Alllougl ve do nol knov foi ceilain llal sucl naikings veie alvays included in lle nanusciipls
sulnilled ly Allniz lo lis pullisleis, il is likely, in viev of ceilain consislenl claiacleiislics, llal lley
Prcfacc
14
pliasing sluis is llal lley gioup noles accoiding lo lle lainony, splilling-off lefoie lle
lailine, and enplasizing eacl nev lainonic clange. Tlese sloil gioupings opeiale villin
lle noie olvious longei pliases delinealed ly cadences, vlicl aie unnaiked.

Ioi lle sake

of consislency and in occasional pieces in vlicl oiiginal pliasing sluis aie spaise, sone
naikings lave leen added ediloiially.
Ailiculalion naiks aie quile piofuse in lle oiiginal scoies, pailly ieflecling lle agilily
of lle piano. Slaccalo indicalions appiopiiale lo lle guilai lave leen ielained. Tleii
execulion nay iequiie lle use of lle iigll land, lefl land, oi loll. Tle accenlualion vedge
^
las leen ieplaced vill lle noie usual, and nodeiale, accenl sign >.
Dynanic naikings in lle oiiginal scoies aie also quile delailed and lave leen
faillfully ielained in lle aiiangenenls, vill lle exceplion llal pianislic exlienes lave leen
lenpeied lo lle guilai~long ciescendos and dininuendos lave leen placed closei lo lleii
aiiival poinls, liiple piano and liiple foile naikings lave leen ieplaced vill foilissinos
and pianissinos, and sone foilissinos and pianissinos lave leen nodeialed lo foile and
piano.
Tle Iiogiannalic Aspecl
Mucl las leen said aloul lle piogiannalic, desciiplive aspecl of Allniz's nusic, and
sloiies ianging fion Asluiian eaillquakes lo incaiceialed Cianadine oiplans alound.
Tleie could laidly le a noie lelling desciiplion, lovevei, llan lle folloving ly }anes
Miclenei:
Tlen, as I vas diiving oul of Cianada on ny vay lack lo Cidola, I sav on lle ioad nap a
nane vlicl evoked a vlole cascade of sound. Tle nap lad a snall ied aiiov poinling lo a cul-
de-sac and lle voids Toiie eineja. I lad nol knovn llal lle Toiie eineja aclually exisled, noi
lad I iealized llal if il did exisl il vas in Cianada, foi llis vas lle lille of a piece ly Allniz...I
lad fiisl leaid 'Toiie eineja' (iigll Reddisl Tovei) as a sludenl allending a conceil in
Iondon...ul vlal nade lle piece inpoilanl lo ne vas lle piogian nole vlicl said llal lle
Toiie eineja vas a Mooiisl Tovei, and vas enougl lo send ne daydieaning of a Spain I lad
nol yel seen...
I lefl lle nain exil ioad and leaded foi lle cul-de-sac, vlicl luined oul lo le a niseialle
liack leading dovn a lill, lle lasl pail of vlicl I lad lo negoliale on fool. Tle Toiie eineja nay
le a fine sliucluie, lul il vas cleai llal lle people of Cianada llougll lillle of il. Tlen il vas
lefoie ne, llis soaiing lovei of ny inaginalion, and il luined oul lo le a paii of squaie, dunpy
llings vill undislinguisled lines and lillle lo connend llen. 'Is llis lle Toiie eineja`' I asked
a voiknan vlo vas lauling oul iullle fion a neaily cellai and le said, 'Ia nisna' (lle
sane)...as if lo say, 'elieve il oi nol, llis is il.' An inpiovised vooden iunvay led up lo lle side
of lle neaiesl lovei lo a gaping vlole, and lliougl llis I peeied inlo lle inleiioi, lul il vas even
noie dial llan lle oulside.
'Il used lo le a jail,' lle voiknan said. If so, il nusl lave leen a disnal one even ly Spanisl
slandaids...I scianlled dovn lle lill lo lle calcl on lle ollei face of lle lovei, loping llal lleie
vas sone poinl fion vlicl lle old seni-foiliess vould look ionanlic enougl lo lave juslified
Allniz's conposilion, lul lleie vas none. I lad lefoie ne a squal lovei luill of ugly liick in
lle voisl possille piopoilions, as fai ienoved in spiiil fion lle nusic of Allniz as one could
inagine...llis side liip lo lle Toiie eineja vould seive as a ielevanl pieanlle, foi vlal lad
oflen veie. If nol, lley enanale fion louse edilois vlo piesunally veie faniliai vill Allniz's nusical
slyle. In eillei case, lle eailiei naikings aie piefeialle lo llose added ly successive geneialions of edilois
vlo in all likelilood neillei voiked foin lle oiiginals noi leaid Allniz peifoin.

Ailiculalion of lle gioupings found in lle scoies consisls of placing a sligll accenl (dynanic, agogic, oi
loll) on lle fiisl nole of eacl sluiied gioup and sepaialing conseculive gioups ly placing a lillle exlia line
lelveen llen.
Prcfacc
15
lappened in lle ielalionslip lelveen Isaac Allniz and llis lovei vas vlal lappened
vlenevei an ailisl lecane enlangled in lle ionanlic fallacy: a nan of ciealive nind sav
sonelling in naluie oi lisloiy vill an eclo of lle pasl, and aiound il le consliucled an inflaled
fanlasy, oflen leaiing no ielalion lo facl.

Alllougl Allniz did piovide sone piogiannalic delails conceining a fev of lis pieces,
lle annolalion al lle lop of lle fiisl page Ccrcoa, foi inslance (see page 24), lleie is lillle
evidence lo suppoil lle lype of coloiful desciiplions of lle lype encounleied fion line lo
line on old allun coveis! Yel, lle nusic is evocalive, and lisleneis slould, and inevilally
vill, allacl lo il vlalevei piogiannalic neaning cones lo nind.
NOTLS ON THL IILCLS
Tle pieces aiianged foi llis edilion span a peiiod of appioxinalely lvenly-five yeais, fion
Allniz's' fiisl voiks in Spanisl slyle lo lle voiks llal pieface lis final peiiod and lle
nonunenlal |ocria. Tlese include conplele sellings of lle Sui|c cspanc|a, |spana. Scis |cjas c
a|oun, and C|an|s c |spana, along vill pieces laken fion Rccucrcs c tiajc, 12 Piczas
carac|cris|icas, and seveial pieces pullisled as individual ilens.
Al lle end of lis life, Allniz spoke of lis pie-|ocria voiks:
Il is nusic a lillle infanlile, sinple, spiiiled, lul, in lle end, lle counliy, oui Spanisl counliy, is
also sonevlal of llese llings. I llink llal lle people lave ieason since lley follov lle enolion
of Ccrcoa oi Ma||crca, lle copla of Scti||ianas, of Scrcna|a, of Granaa...In all of llese I nov nolice
llal lleie is less nusical skill, less of lle giand idea, lul lleie is noie passion, sunligll, lasle
of olives...Tlese young voiks, like lleii snall peccadilloes, linl al ovei-senlinenlal
affeclalion...il seens lo ne lley aie like lle a|ica|ics |lilingj of lle Allanlia, llose iaie
aialesques llal do nol allenpl lo say anylling vill lleii luins and foins, lul llal aie like lle
aii, like lle sun, like lle llackliids oi like lle nigllingales of ils gaidens, llal vlicl is voill
noie llan all Mooiisl Spain, llal is, alllougl ve do nol vanl il, lle ieal Spain!

Iavana-capiiclo
Op. 12
(Madiid, 1882)

|ocria. Spanis| Tratc| |nprcssicns an Rcf|cc|icns, Randon House, Nev Yoik, 1968, pp. 195-7. Used vill
Ieinission.

Quoled in }os Monleio Alonso, A|ocniz. |spana cn 'sui|c." Seiies: Relialos de anlao (aicelona: Silex,
1988).
Prcfacc
16
Allniz peifoined Patana-capric|c in Calica in 1883 and in lis iecilal al lle Saln Roneio in
1886, vleie le played a Sui|c cspanc|a conpiising Scrcna|a |Granaa`j, Scti||anas, and Patana.
Tle piece vas dedicaled lo "A. R. la Seina. Seoia infanla D. Isalel de oilon," daugllei of
lle iecenlly deposed Isalel, and vas pullisled ly enilo Zozaya. Tle lille iefeis lo a fasl
Spanisl/Ilalian duple-nelei dance llal dales lack lo lle Renaissance. Alllougl lle dance
sloved dovn in lle iesl of Luiope, il ienained fasl in Spain. Tle Iavana lecane a veiy
connon dance in eiglleenll-cenluiy Spanisl llealei (lle piincipal foin of pullic
enleilainnenl in Spain al lle line), and vas vell iepiesenled in lle Spanisl five-couise
guilai lallaluies, vleie il is alvays found in lle ninoi node.
Suile espaola
Op. 47
(Madiid, 1886)
As noled alove, Allniz peifoined a Sui|c cspanc|a in Madiid in 1886 conpiising 3 "canlos
populaiies andaluces"~Scrcna|a |piesunally Granaaj, Scti||anas, and Patana in Madiid in
1886. Tle sane yeai Zozaya pullisled 4 novenenls of lle Sui|c cspanc|a Op. 47~Granaa,
Ca|a|una, Scti||a, and Cuoa~fion an adveilised sel of 8 novenenls. Tle full Sui|c cspanc|a,
conpiising all 8 novenenls, vas pullisled ly Hofneislei in 1911 and ly Unin Musical
Lspaola in 1913. Hovevei, lle "nev" pieces supplied lo conplele lle 8 novenenls
oiiginally adveilised in 1886~C4iz, As|urias, Aragcn, and Cas|i||a~luined oul lo le pieces
alieady pullisled as novenenls in ollei colleclions, and veie cleaily quile unielaled lo
lleii nev lilles. C4iz, sullilled cancicn (oiiginally sullilled sac|a, a lille vill ieligious
associalions), lad appeaied in 189O as lle populai Scrcna|a cspanc|a, vlile Aragcn lad leen
pullisled in Iaiis ly Max Lsclig in 1889 as lle fiisl of Dcs anzas cspanc|cs, Op. 164.
Alllougl llese lvo voiks aie nol enliiely oul of claiaclei alongside lle foui novenenls of
lle suile pullisled eailiei, lle ienaining lvo pieces, As|urias and Cas|i||a, aie quile oul of
place. oll veie laken fion lle Can|cs c |spana of 1891-94~As|urias vas lle pielude lo lle
sel, vlile Cas|i||a vas lle final novenenl, Scguii||as.
Civen llese ciicunslances, il is ieasonalle lo considei lle Op. 47 Sui|c cspanc|a as
conpiising lle oiiginal foui novenenls only, Granaa, Ca|a|una, Scti||a, and Cuoa. Tle
ienaining foui novenenls aie piesenled in llis edilion vill lle coiiecl clionology.
1. Cianada, seienala
Cianada, vill il's vesliges of Mooiisl culluie, inspiied Allniz llan any ollei Spanisl cily.
Iileialed fion lle Moois only in 1492, lle cily conlains sone of lle finesl exanples of
Islanic aiclilecluie in lle voild, including lle gaidens of Ceneialife and lle nagnificenl
Allanlia~a palace conplex llal oveilooks lle cily. Sullilled scrcna|a one inagines an
evening seienade laking place undei lle sladov of lle gieal Mooiisl nonunenl.
Tle oulei seclions of lle piece piesenl a populai-sounding nelody suppoiled ly
sliunned guilai cloids. Tle noie inliospeclive cenlial seclion linls lenlalively al lle
Mooiisl coloi of lle Allanlia, vill ils augnenled second (neasuie 5O), lul nevei leaves
lle confoil of lle najoi node foi long. Andi Caulliei eloquenlly desciiled lle piece as
follovs:
an indolenl seienala oanc|airiana, llal unfolds in an inloxicaling lefl-land nelody, laden vill
noisluie and fiagiance. Tvice a second idea, in lle ninoi lonalily, cones as an eclo of
Prcfacc
17
indefinalle noslalgia foi lle scrcna|a, and in lle leail of lle nigll dissolves in an inpiessionislic
c|iarcscurc.

Despile lle populaiily of llis piece anongsl guilaiisls, lleie does nol seen lo le an
easy fingeiing foi passages sucl as llal al neasuies 2-3. I lave opled foi a slielcl vill lle
fiisl fingei, laking lle l on lle lliid sliing, lle ollei alleinalive is lo lake lle l on lle fouill
sliing vill lle lliid fingei. Nolice lov llis nelody is pliased lo avoid giouping in lvo's,
lle aipeggialed dovnleals lliougloul llis seclion lelp claiify llis pliasing villoul undue
accenlualion.
Ceneialife, Cianada~14ll-cenluiy Mooiisl gaidens
2. Calalua, cuiianda
Ca|a|una is one of fev pieces inspiied ly Allniz's nalive Calalonia, and vas dedicaled lo
lis nollei. Allniz peilaps diavs addilional inspiialion fion lle inposing alnospleie of
Monlseiial (Seiialed Mounlain), in 88O slepleids found a vooden slalue of lle Viigin in
one of lle nounlain caves, lidden lleie al lle line of lle Muslin invasion and llougll lo
lave leen caived ly Sl. Iuke linself. Monlseiial las leen a pilgiinage sile evei since.
Allniz's Ca|a|una is a nonollenalic selling of lle Calalan coiianda folk dance. In lle
oiiginal, lle sixleenll-nole passage slailing al neasuie 36 is a lovei voice counleipoinl lo
lle coiianda llene alove il. Ioi idionalic ieasons llis las leen ieveised in lle
aiiangenenl, vleie lle nelody nov sounds in lle lass and dynanics lave leen devised lo
claiify lle lexluie.
3. Sevilla, sevillanas
Ioi all Seville's ieligious and ionanlic lileiaiy vealll, il is lle aspecl of cily's culluial life as
a cenlei of flanenco fion vlicl Allniz's Scti||a deiives. eyond lle claiacleiislic scguii||a
ilylln ... .. .. (lle scguii||as aie knovn in Seville as Scti||anas), vlicl foins lle
acconpaninenl lo lle piece, and falsella-like scale passages, lle piece does nol follov lle

Andi Caulliei, A|ocniz (Madiid: Lspasa-Calipe, 1978), lianslaled inlo Spanisl fion lle oiiginal Iiencl
ly Ielipe Xinnez de Sandoval.
Prcfacc
18
liadilional foinal plan of lle dance lul inslead is inspiied ly ils claiacleiislic agilily and
giace. Allniz dedicaled lle piece lo lle Condesa de Moiply, vife of Allniz's nain palion
of lle line.
8. Cula, capiiclo
Along vill Rapscia cuoana and lle sexlel Capric|c cuoanc, llis piece is one of seveial
evocalive of Cula, vlicl vas slill Spanisl-ovned al lle line of conposilion. Sullilled
capric|c, lle piece is lased upon lalaneia ilyllns: aflei an inlioduclion vlicl sels an
inside clionalic voice in 6/8 nelei againsl oulei voices in 3/4 line, in addilion
sinullaneous duple and liiple ilyllns aie exclanged lelveen nelody and
acconpaninenl. Tle slovei cenlial seclion, ieniniscenl of Clopin, enploys laicaiolle
ilylln. In lalei edilions, lle lenpo Allegio vas nodified lo Allegiello and lle sullille
clanged lo nc||urnc, anollei void foi scrcna|a.
Recueidos de viaje
Op. 71
(Madiid, 1886-7)
A second suile of pieces, enlilled Rccucrcs c tiajc ("Tiavel Inpiessions"), vas viillen in lle
yeai folloving lle conplelion of lle oiiginal fiisl Suile espaola. Tlese "poslcaids" of a liip
lliougl Andaluca inleiningle voiks al lines noie inpiessionislic and al lines noie
lileially deiivalive of local coloi llan lle fiisl suile. Tle pianislic inliicacy of lle fiisl foui
novenenls, |n c| nar, |cqcna (nol lle sane piece as lle vell-knovn veision lalei allacled
lo lle fiisl Sui|c cspanc|a, alllougl lle oslon Music Conpany did nislakenly confuse lle
lvo in lleii edilion of 1914), A|ocraa and |n c| A||anora naik llen as unsuilalle foi guilai
aiiangenenl. Tle final lvo novenenls, Runcrcs c |a ca|c|a and |n |a p|aqa, on lle ollei
land, liansfei veiy effeclively.
6. Runoies de la calela, nalaguea
Runcrcs c |a ca|c|a (Muineis of lle Inlel) iepiesenls lle nosl aullenlic ieciealion of local
coloi found so fai in Allniz's oulpul. Iolloving a "solo guilai" inlioduclion ieniniscenl of
lle ilylln of lle flanenco na|agucnas, a nelody enleis suppoiled ly lainonies llal deiive
enliiely fion guilai acconpaninenl, and vlicl also ielale lo lle Mooiisl Ilyigian node.
In lle slovei cenlial seclion, a populai-sounding nelody is announced and concluded ly
unacconpanied seclions of canle jondo.
7. Ln la playa
|n |a p|aqa (On lle eacl) is a genlle ionanlic inpiession evoking, in lle voids of Andi
Caulliei, "an idyll of supeificial spiiils ly lle sea on a sunnei nigll."

12 Iiezas caiacleislicas
Op. 92
(Madiid, 1888)

Caulliei, ilid.
Prcfacc
19
Tle 12 Piczas carac|cris|icas, pullisled in 1888-9 ly Casa Roneio, aie an unusual sel
consisling of salon pieces (Gatc||c, Minuc||c a Sq|tia, Ccnc|i|a-pc||a, Pc|cnaisc, Mazur|a, Pi|ar-
ta|s, Cic| sans nuagcs-oarcarc||c), along vill a fev voiks in Spanisl slyle (Zanora, Tcrrc
3crncja).
2. Minuello a Sylvia
Minuc||c a Sq|tia is a claining exanple of lle lype of salon piece in s|i|c an|igua llal Allniz
conlinued lo luin in oul in laige nunleis al lle line.
12. Toiie eineja, seienala
Tcrrc 3crncja (Veinilion Tovei) is lle final piece of lle sel and, like Cianada, is an evening
seienade evoking lle spiiil of lle Allanlia. Alllougl naned specifically foi lle Veinilion
Toveis, a paii of oullying luildings llal annex lle Allanlia, Allniz noie likely iefeis lo
any of lle 22 loveis llal iise alove lle palace piopei, and vlicl indeed aie sladed a liigll
ied coloi due lle liicks fion vlicl lley aie luill (lle nane "Allanlia" ilself is deiived
fion lle Aialic Ca|a| A||anr4, oi "Red Caslle"). Tle opening neasuies piovide an
aipeggialed "guilai acconpaninenl" upon vlicl lle nelody of lle seienala unfolds. Tle
piece vas peifoined ly Allniz al lle Sala Liaid in Iaiis on Apiil 25, 1889.
Dos danzas espaolas
Op. 164
(Iondon, 1889)
Dcs anzas cspanc|as (Aragcn and Tangc), veie fiisl pullisled in 1889 ly Max Lsclig in Iaiis.
Tley veie also pullisled in Iondon ly Scloll & Co. as 2 Spanis| Na|icna| Scngs (]c|a
Aragcncsa and Tangc), vill lle dedicalion "Souvenii a Miss Maggie Andeison." Iolloving a
second Sui|c cspanc| in 2 novenenls, conpiising Zaragcza and Scti||a (nol lle Scti||anas fion
lle fiisl suile), pullisled lle sane yeai, llese pieces legin lle peiiod of piano conposilion
vlicl conpiised Spanisl pieces exclusively.
1. Aiagn
Allniz's' selling, vlicl vill lle sullille fan|asia also appeaied in lle veision of lle fiisl
Sui|c cspanc|a pullisled lalei in 1911, is peilaps lle only inslance in vlicl lle conposei
used an enliiely aullenlic llene in lis nusic~il conpiises an exlended fanlasy lased on
lle jc|a aragcncsa, lle nosl fanous foin of lle Aiagon iegion. Al 252 neasuies, il is also lle
nosl exlended piano voik of lle pie-|ocria peiiod. Aflei noving lle jc|a llene lliougl a
nunlei of keys, Allniz piesenls lvo coplas.

Tle nelody of lle fiisl, in lliids, is

inleiiupled ly lle spiiil of lle jola lefoie lle second copla enleis in lle slyle of a lov
sounding scrcna|a acconpanied ly genlly sliunned guilai cloids (and in Allniz's scoie is
naiked "conne une guilaiie"). Inleieslingly, Allniz's fiisl copla adleies piecisely lo lle
slandaid foin of lle folk veision of lle dance, consisling of 7 pliases of 8-syllalle lines and
devialing only sligllly fion lle aullenlic foin aoaco.
2. Tango
Alllougl one could laidly inagine paiiing llis sloil lango vill ils piedecessoi in
peifoinance, lle piece does piesenl seveial ienaikalle fealuies. Tle lainony lliougl

A ccp|a is a poelic veise foin, usually 4 lines long (lle jc|a, lovevei, enploys a seven-line veise), oflen
inpiovised ly lle singei duiing flanenco peifoinance.
Prcfacc
2O
neasuies 9-14 and 37-4O, and neasuies 11 and 4O in pailiculai, can deiive only fion lle
guilai, and lle Ilyigian nelodic qualily lliougloul lle oulei seclions, along vill lle final
unacconpanied gesluie, speak diieclly of Andalucia and lle canle jondo.
Lspaa, seis lojas de llun
Op. 165
(Iondon, 189O)
Despile conlaining one of Allniz's' nosl populai pieces, lle uliquilous Tangc in D, llis
suile is lillle knovn. Neveilleless, il's six ielalively sloil "Allun Ieaves" nainlain lle
aullenlic qualily piesenled in lle pievious opus, lle Iielude and Malagueas in pailiculai,
and lle ienaining novenenls suivey a lioadei llan usual Spanisl geogiaply llal
includes lle asque iegion and Calalonia. Tle suile vas viillen in Iondon in 189O, and
pullisled lleie ly Iills and Halzfield and ly Max Lsclig in Iaiis undei license fion H. R.
Slevens and Co., Iondon.
1. Iilude
In ils lainony and lexluie, llis sloil inpiovisaloiy pielude looks foivaid lo lle leiseness
oflen found in lle nusic of Allniz's successois Tuiina and Ialla. Tle dininisled fifll (L.)
in neasuie 36 is especially ienaikalle, as is lle Iliygian doninanl lainony in neasuie 49.
Tle unacconpanied nelody piesenled al lle leginning of lle piece, and al neasuies 29 and
5O, is quile fiee and iepiesenls Allniz's nosl exlended use of sucl an inpiovised nelody
so fai in lis oulpul. Measuie 46 iecalls a passage used eailiei in lle Op. 71 Ma|agucna.
2. Tango
Tlis sloil lango is easily Allniz's' lesl-knovn voik, and nany insliunenlal aiiangenenls
lave leen nade of il. Il's populaiily is due, no doull, lo lle noslalgic qualily of ils nelody
vlicl, in conliasl lo lle lango of lle pievious opus, nakes lillle iefeience lo Iliygian oi
ollei nodal elenenls.
3. Malaguea
Anollei veiy aullenlic-sounding piece, casl in a diffeienl foinal llan lle eailiei Op. 71
na|aguanas (Runoies de la calela). In llis exanple, lle "singei" is piesenl fion lle offsel,
lle vocal line leing lle lovei of lle lvo pails. Tle "guilai" aipeggios in neasuies 54-62,
like lle Iilude lo llis suile, again look foivaid lo Ialla and Tuiina. In lle slov cenlial
seclion lle ascending aipeggialed cloids of Allniz's inaginaiy guilai iequiie 1O sliings
(piojecled in lle aiiangenenl vill lle lelp of lainonics), as lley inleijecl lleii
acconpaninenl lo lle inpiovisaloiy lines of canle jondo.
4. Seienala
Allniz supplies no infoinalion as lo lle scene in vlicl llis seienala unfolds. Unlike ollei
seienlas ly Allniz, lle foin of llis one is sonevlal less sliaigllfoivaid~lle
inlioduclion seives as a iecuiiing iiloinello (aoacaoa) lliougloul lle piece. Tle ending
piovides a good exanple of nixed najoi and Iliygian nodes.
5. Capiiclo calaln
In llis idyllic piece, Allniz is iecalling peilaps a genllei Calalonia llan llal linled al in
Ca|a|una. In connon vill lle eailiei piece llougl, a dance-like oslinalo is nainlained
Prcfacc
21
lliougloul. Iliase gioupings liglligll lle snallei lainonic gioupings piesenl villin
eacl noie olvious foui-neasuie pliase.
6. Zoilzico
Tlis piece, lle final novenenl in lle sel, is lased upon lle nalional dance of lle asque
iegion of Noillein Spain, and is defined ly ils claiacleiislic dolled ilyllns and quinluple
nelei.
Seienala espaol
Op. 181
(Iondon, 189O)
Scrcna|a cspanc|a, a veiy populai piece duiing Allniz's lifeline, vas pullisled in aicelona
in 189O ly }uan la. Iujol. Allniz is knovn lo lave peifoined lle piece in Sl. }anes Hall,
Iondon, on Maicl 14, 1891. Tle piece is piolally lesl knovn loday as C4iz, appeaiing in
lle 1911 pullicalion of lle fiisl Sui|c cspanc|a vill llis nev lille, and sullilled cancicn. Tle
acconpaninenl ilylln of llis piece npnn iesenlles a genlle loleio, and is ielained
vill noie asseilive claiaclei in lle ninoi node lliougloul lle cenlial seclion of lle piece.
Malloica, laicaiola
Op. 2O2
(Iondon, 189O)
Malloica is one of lle alleiic Islands, silualed of lle coasl
of Calalonia. Alllougl slaiing nany folk claiacleiislics
vill Calalonia, lle Malloicans lave a genllei, noie lyiic,
slyle. Allniz is peilaps llinking in llis Copinesque
oarcarc|a of a song-lype unique lo lle island~a lanenl sung
ly lle pailnei of a fianc vlo lad died. On lle ollei land,
Malloica is an island of gieal leauly, offeiing nounlains,
vlile cliffs, and gieen foiesls, and vas knovn as a
ionanlic vacalion spol long lefoie lle piesenl louiisl
invasion of lle island. Clopin linself, acconpanied ly
Ceoige Sand, visiled lle Malloican lovn of Ialna.
Zanlia gianadina, danse oiienlale
(villoul opus)
(Iondon, 1891)
Tle void "zanlia," vlicl cones fion lle Aialic sanira (feslival), iefeiied lo lle all-nigll
Cypsy pailies leld in Andaluca. Alllougl lle lein is slill used loday, il las also cone lo
nean a conposilion of Aialic claiaclei, as vell as a pailiculai slyle of dance. Allniz's
Ma||crca, |arocr an ca||cra|
Prcfacc
22
Zanora granaina, sullilled ancc cricn|a|c, is anollei evocalion of Mooiisl Cianada.
Alllougl lle oulei seclions of lle piece aie sel in lle ninoi node, il is lle cenlial seclion,
naiked in lle najoi node, llal fully iecalls lle Aialic nodes vill ils conslanl
juxlaposilion of Iliygian najoi and ninoi.
Cadiz-gadilana
(villoul opus)
(Iondon, 1891)
Tlis ienaikalle yel lillle-knovn piece vas pullisled in
Iondon ly }osepl Willians in 1891. Veiy aullenlic
sounding, lle piece is enliiely noie suiled lo ils lille
llan is lle Scrcna|a adopled undei llal nane foi lle fiisl
Sui|c cspanc|a a fev yeais lalei. Tle void Gai|ana iefeis
lo a nalive of Cadiz, in llis case a fenale.
Clanls d'Lspagne (Canlos de Lspaa)
Op. 232
(Iaiis, 1891-94)
Tlis naivelous colleclion of five evocalive Andalucian pieces, viillen lelveen 1891 and
1894, piefaces lle ienaikalle nasleipieces of Allniz's final yeais. Tle colleclion oiiginally
conpiised only lliee ilens, Prc|uc, Oricn|a|c, and Scus |c Pa|nicr, and vas fiisl pullisled in
llal foin in aicelona ly }uan la. Iujol & Co. in 1892. Tlis vas folloved in 1897 ly an
edilion pullisled ly Unin Musical Lspaola in Madiid vlicl added lvo fuillei
novenenls, Ccrcoa and Scguii||as. Seven yeais lalei, in 1911, lle Prc|uc and Scguii||as
veie incoipoialed inlo lle fiisl Sui|c |spanc|a, vleie lleii lilles veie clanged in oidei lo
acconnodale llose oiiginally adveilised in 1886, As|urias (sullilled |cqcna) and Cas|i||a
(sullilled scguii||as) iespeclively.
1. Iilude |Asluiias~leyendaj
esl knovn ly il's adopled Op. 47 lille, As|urias|cqcna, llis piece las lecone videly
idenlified vill lle guilai, lo lle poinl llal nany vlo aie faniliai vill lle piece vould
peilaps le suipiised lo leain llal lle voik aclually vas viillen foi lle piano. Tle adopled
lille is unfoilunale, since lle piece is enliiely Andalucian in claiaclei iallei llan Asluiian,
lle oulei seclions leing veiy ieniniscenl of flanenco guilai lexluie. Tle cenlial copla
nakes nucl iefeience lo lle Mooiisl claiaclei, vill ils nixed Ilyigian nelodic nodes. Il
Caiz uring A|ocniz's |ifc|inc
Prcfacc
23
is nolalle llal in lle eaily edilions lle augnenled second oinanenl in neasuies 72 and 76
is viillen oul in full, leaving lillle doull aloul lle nelodic inleival inlended. Ialei edilions
clange lle inleival lo a najoi second (g/a), oi sinply ieplaced il vill lle sign. Also
nolalle is lle oiiginal lenpo indicalion, A||cgrc na ncn |rcppc, vlicl inpails a claiaclei
sonevlal ienoved fion lle iusled a||cgrc of lalei edilions. Tle nosl unpiecedenled
fealuie of lle piece, lovevei, is lle inpiessionislic llui of juxlaposed lonic and augnenled-
sixll lainonies found in neasuies 195-196.
Tle iealizalion piesenled leie adleies closely lo lle ailiculalion and lainonic
sliucluie of Allniz's oiiginal, even llougl llis is in conliasl vill nany eslallisled
veisions foi guilai. In pailiculai, lle lainony in neasuie 37 (a Iliygian augnenled-sixll)
nay sound unusual lo llose accusloned lo lle ie-voiced veision found in nany guilai
aiiangenenls. Tle veision piesenled leie is lle lainony and voice-leading as inlended ly
Allniz. Also nole llal all dovnleals lliougl lle oulei seclions of lle piece aie slaccalo
(vill lle exceplion of neasuies 53-57). Tle slaccalo iasgueado cloids in lle oulei seclions
nay le danped ly ieleasing lle piessuie of lle lefl land (and in neasuie 33 ly liiefly
placing lle second fingei of lle lefl land acioss lle open sliings). In lle enignalic cenlial
seclion, I lave inlioduced sone cioss-sliing |assicarc tioarc effecls, inlended lo liglligll lle
Mooiisl claiaclei of Allniz's oiiginal veision of lle piece (neasuies 64, 72, 76, elc.). A
noie 'liadilional' iealizalion of llese neasuies is piovided as an cssia al lle end of lle piece.
Tle liiplel figuialion enployed in lle oulei seclions is an ediloiial sulslilulion foi lle
oclave diads of lle oiiginal.
2. Oiienlale
Tle second piece in lle colleclion announces ils Aialic claiaclei vill ils veiy lille.
Iolloving an evocalive inlioduclion, lle naleiial piesenled al neasuie 7 acls as a iefiain,
inleispeised vill lvo seclions of "guilai-acconpanied" scrcna|a (neasuies 33 and 9O). Tle
ieveise eclo effecl, pianissinc folloved ly fcr|c, is an inpoilanl claiacleiislic of llese
seclions. Tle soplislicalion and econony of Allniz's foinal plan in llis piece, along vill
lle delail of lis lainonies and nolivic design, seive lo liglligll an incieased degiee of
iefinenenl llese pieces iepiesenl ovei llose found in lle fiisl Sui|c cspanc|a.
If peifoined vill lle Prc|uc, lle opening nole of lle Oricn|a|c oi lle final nole of lle
Prc|uc slould le iaised an oclave lo avoid lle veak effecl of connecling lle lvo
novenenls vill lle sane nole.
3. Sous le palniei, ajo de palneia, danse espagnole
Tle leauliful Scus |c pa|nicr (Undei lle Ialn Tiee), a lalaneia, slaies ils opening vill llal
of Cuoa fion lle fiisl Sui|c cspanc|a, llougl nov vill iefined ilyllnic design. Allniz's
foinal design is also noie soplislicaled: lle "oulei" seclions conpiise seclions in loll
najoi and ninoi claiacleis, conliasled vill a genllei cenlial seclion a |cnpc in lle najoi
node. Tleie is consideially less lileial iepelilion in lle oveiall sclene, along vill a giealei
vaiiely of liansilional naleiial. Tle inlioducloiy naleiial las leen liansfoined lo piovide
lle concluding polyneliic passage slailing al neasuie 89.
4. Cidola
Prcfacc
24
Rigllly iegaided as one of lle nasleivoiks of llis
peiiod, Ccrcoa is a ienaikalle iefleclion of lle
culluial and spiiilual diveisily of lle lisloiy of lle
cily aflei vlicl il is naned. Tle lov opening fiflls
seen al once lo capluie lle vaslness of lle gieal
pillaied calledial al Cidola, vlile foining lle
lasis foi lle ensuing cloial vlicl evokes lle
ieligious diveisily~Muslin, }evisl, and Cliislian~
of vlicl lle cily las al vaiious lines leen a cenlei
and vlicl, aiclilecluially, aie juxlaposed lleie, in
lle voids of Andie Caulliei, "Spiiilualily and
pagan pleasuie oppose eacl ollei unlil lley ieacl
lle conclusion of lle voik."

Allniz added lle folloving annolalion lo lle

nanusciipl of piece:
In lle silence of lle nigll, inleiiupled ly lle
vlispeiing aionalic lieeze of jasnines, lle Cuzlas*
acconpany lle Seienalas and lleii feivenl nelodies,
vlicl diffuse in lle aii noles as sveel as lle
sound of lle palns svaying in lle sky alove."
(*ancienl Aialic insliunenls)
5. Seguidillas
Tle opening lainony alone innedialely ienoves llis piece fion lle claiaclei of lle fiisl
Sui|c cspanc|a, lo vlicl il las unfoilunalely leen allacled. Tle scguii||a falsella llal follovs
iecuis lliougloul lle piece, in vide iange of keys and evei-sloilei snalcles, in discouise
vill a seiies of sloil coplas. Tle nelody of lle copla finally eneiges in full foin fion
neasuie 94. Tle piece concludes in seguidilla ilylln, sel in a seiies of ninll lainonies
vlicl, like lle lainony of lle opening neasuie, nay le iegaided as a liansfoinalion of
lle 'open-sliing' sound of lle guilai.

Caulliei, ilid.
Ccrcoa ncsquc
Prcfacc
25
RLSOURCLS
Music Scoies
Alllougl oiiginal nanusciipls of Allniz's nusic suivive foi fev of lle pieces in llis
colleclion, fiisl edilions (oi al leasl eaily iepiinls laken fion llen) aie quile ieadily
availalle. Seveial Aneiican liliaiies lold copies of nineleenll-cenluiy edilions ly }uan la.
Iujol and lle Sociedad Anonina Casa Dolesio (lalei luined ovei lo lle Union Musical
Lspaola), and lle Univeisily of Coloiado, ouldei lolds copies of Iujol edilions naiked
vill lle ex-liliis slanp and signaluie of no less a viiluoso llan Ricaido Vies (a peisonal
acquainlance of Allniz). Il slould le noled llal lle nany edilions of Allniz's nusic
vlicl legan lo appeai eaily llis cenluiy alieady conlain quile significanl ediloiial clanges
(nol necessaiily alliiluled) fion lle eailiei edilions, and llal llis silualion voisened
sleadily as lle cenluiy piogiessed.
Recoidings
Allniz's ilyllnic, yel delailed and expiessive peifoinance slyle vas capluied on a vax
cylindei iecoiding nade in Tiana, aicelona in 19O3. Alllougl lle lliee pieces iecoided aie
inpiovisalions, piesunally nade-up on lle spol, and al a line vlen lis lealll and
leclnical alilily veie no longei llose of pievious yeais, Allniz's iefined expiessive
nannei is neveilleless cleaily evidenl. Tle iecoidings can le leaid on lle VAI Audio CD
T|c Ca|a|an Pianc Trai|icn (VAIA/IIA 1OO1).
ooks and Ailicles
Wiilings on Allniz in Lnglisl aie fev. Hovevei, lvo iecenl voiks in Lnglisl ly Aneiican
nusicologisl Wallei Claik nay le iegaided as lle definilive voiks on lle suljecl:
|saac A|ocniz. A Guic |c Rcscarc|. Conposeis Resouice Manuals vol. 45. Nev Yoik:
Cailand Iullisling, Inc, 1998. Includes a 31-page liogiaply and exlensive
annolaled lilliogiaply of naleiials, souices, voiks, looks, and ailicles ielaling
lo Allniz and lis nusic.
|saac A|ocniz. Pcr|rai| cf a Rcnan|ic. Oxfoid: Claiendon Iiess, 1998. Delailed sludy of
Allniz's life and nusic, sciupulously ieseaicled, and suppoiled ly piess nolices,
lelleis, diaiy enliies, and ollei aiclival docunenlalion conceining Allniz and lis
fanily.
Ollei voiks consulled foi lle piesenl edilion:
aylelnan, Iola. |saac A|ocniz. C|rcnc|cgica| |is| an T|cna|ic Ca|a|cg cf His Pianc lcr|s.
Delioil Sludies in Music illiogiaply. Waiien, Micligan: Hainonie Iaik Iiess,
1993.
Collel, Henii. A|ocniz c| Granacs. Iiliaiiie Ikix Alcan, 1926. Repiinl, Iaiis: Ldilions
d' Aujouid'lui, 1982.
Prcfacc
26
Caulliei, Andi. A|ocniz. Madiid: Lspasa-Calipe, 1978. Tianslaled inlo Spanisl fion
lle oiiginal Iiencl ly Ielipe Xinnez de Sandoval.
Islel, Ldgai. "Isaac Allniz." Musica| Quar|cr|q 15 (1929): 117-148.
Miclenei, }anes. |ocria. Spanis| Tratc| |nprcssicns an Rcf|cc|icns. Nev Yoik: Randon
House, 1968.
Monleio Alonso, }os. A|ocniz. |spana cn 'sui|c." aicelona: Silex, 1988.
Sagaida, ngel. A|ocniz. aicelona: Ldilions de Nou Ail Tloi, 1986.
Acknovledgnenls
I visl lo llank lle folloving individuals and oiganizalions foi lleii valualle conliilulions
duiing lle piepaialion of llis edilion: Iiofessoi Wallei A. Claik of lle Univeisily of Kansas,
Iavience, foi geneiously agieeing lo look ovei ny lexl, foi nuneious liogiaplical and
clionological coiieclions, and foi slaiing lis ieseaicl conceining lle ielalionslip lelveen
Allniz and Miguel Ilolel, Calel oone, Alloiney al Iav, foi lis unslinling assislance in
ollaining copies of aulogiapl nanusciipls and eaily edilions and, foi llose copies, lle
Iundacin Isaac Allniz, Madiid, illioleca del Real Conseivaloiio Supeiioi de Msica de
Madiid, illioleca de Calalunya, aicelona, Inslilulo de illiogiafa Musical, Madiid, and
lle Univeisily of Coloiado, ouldei, lle Minisleiio de Lcononia y Hacienda, Tuiespaa foi
peinission lo use lleii inages, foi valualle suggeslions al lle pioof-ieading slage, yion
Iogo, Iiofessoi Roleil A. Maigo of lle Vandeilill Sclool of Lcononics, and giaduale
sludenls, pasl and piesenl, Scoll Nielauei, Douglas Sell, }ason Willians, and Andiev
Winnei, and finally, foi lleii love, suppoil, and eveiylling else, ny vife ecky, and oui
clildien Tlonas and Ysalel.