Hallbergmoos, June 2012

Eurofighter Typhoon: designed today for future needs The history of the programme.
The Eurofighter Typhoon was designed to be the world's most advanced swing-role combat aircraft. The Eurofighter concept has been conceived since the beginning as a multi-role/swing-role platform that would meet the operational demands of the air forces of Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. The degree of the air-to-surface component varies in content and priority between the nations and the four nation requirement stated that in any design conflict, the priority should be given to the air-toair role. For this reason, the air superiority performance requirements drove the aerodynamic design of the airframe. The inherent flexibility of Typhoon means that an extended role to encompass air-tosurface capability can also be achieved without affecting Typhoon's air superiority capability. The design concept evolved after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the requirement, role and capabilities have been re-oriented to take in to account the changing requirements of the post cold war defence environment. This change led to the current batched approach of three Tranches to the production programme. Tranche 1 focused on producing the weapon system to reach an optimised level of air superiority, Tranche 2 concentrated on not only enhancing the weapons system but to add significant air-tosurface capability. Tranche 3 will look to enhance this ever increasing requirement in order to provide a potent strike capability to deal with the future threat environment. After a series of meetings at industry and nation level, the identification of an initial requirement emerged. With the abandonment of France and its industry from the then five nation initiative, four nations were left: the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Spain, and it was decided in June 1986 to create a consortium, Eurofighter GmbH, based in Munich to develop a new fighter aircraft. The consortium was made up of the then British Aerospace (now BAE Systems, 33%); MBB (now EADS Germany, 33%), Aeritalia (now Alenia Aermacchi, 21%) and CASA (now EADS CASA, 13%). Another international consortium was also created to design, develop and produce the completely new engines of the new fighter. Also based in Munich, Eurojet was created in 1986 with the participation of MTU, the then Fiat Aviazione (now Avio); Sener (now ITP) and Rolls Royce, with the same national shares as the Eurofighter consortium. Later, other consortia were also formed to work with Eurofighter to develop and produce subsystems: Euroradar was set up to design and manufacture the aircrafts Captor

radar system, led by SELEX Galileo and participated by EADS Defence Electronics (Germany) and INDRA (Spain); EuroDASS, designs and produces the defensive aids subsystem (DASS) to protect the aircraft from radar; laser and IR-guided missiles and the EuroFirst consortia for the Pirate passive infrared target search, both led by SELEX Galileo. The final operational requirements for Eurofighter Typhoon were agreed by the Chiefs of Air Staff of Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in the form of a European Staff in late 1987. The agreement, the basis for the project's development programme, defined the requirement for an extremely agile fighter that will dominate the skies to the mid-21st Century - a single seat, twin-engine fighter with optimal performance in Beyond Visual Range (BVR) and close combat, with significant ground attack capabilities. Following this requirement the Typhoon has been designed to be the worlds most advanced combat aircraft with extensive multi-role capabilities, able to counter effectively all known and projected threats such as the Su-27 and its derivatives. This goal has been successfully achieved as the Typhoon is the only fighter available on the market able to perform with such operational and fleet effectiveness. The aircraft has been designed with substantial growth capability and an established technology insertion programme to progressively enhance performance and reduce technology risk. By offering maximum operational effectiveness and flexibility; high survivability; extensive technological growth potential, as well as high reliability and maintainability with low operating costs, The Typhoon continues to be the most costeffective solution to meet the evolution of todays requirements. The construction of the first Typhoon prototypes began in 1989 and it was agreed that each of the four parent nations would host the production line and final assembly for the components of the aircraft it was responsible for: Warton for BAE Systems, Manching for EADS Germany, Turin for Alenia Aermacchi and Getafe for EADS CASA. The four nations decided to put the management of the programme in the hands of NEFMA, NATO European Fighter Management Agency, later, to include also the management of the logistic support and updates of the Tornado programme, and was renamed NETMA; NATO, Eurofighter Tornado Management Agency. The role of NETMA is to represent the Eurofighter partner nations' Governments and to oversee the procurement of weapon systems into the respective Air Forces. After the requirement was re-affirmed in January 1992, to take in account the new the changing requirements of the defence environment, and the political decision was made to reduce the number of aircraft to be ordered by the four nations from 765 (250 for UK and Germany, 165 for Italy and 100 for Spain), to 620 (232 for UK, 180 for Germany, 121 for Italy and 87 for Spain), the program could start with renewed vigour, although with a different split between partner companies to realign to the new delivery programme: BAE Systems 37,5%, EADS Deutschland (Germany) 30%, Alenia Aermacchi (Italy) 19,5%, EADS CASA (Spain) 13%. A programme milestone was reached in December 1997 when the Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) covering Production and Support was signed by the four defence

ministers in Bonn. NETMA and Eurofighter GmbH subsequently signed the initial production and support contracts for the purchase of 620 aircraft on 30 January 1998. To take in to account the growth potential of the aircraft and the possibility to insert new capabilities in the future, the decision was that the production of the aircraft would be divided into three Tranches: the first one for 148 aircraft, the second and the third for 236 each, with the Tranche 1 planned in production between 2003 and 2007; Tranche 2 in production between 2007 and 2012 and the Tranche 3 in production between 2012 and 2017. The contract for the engines, foreseen at a total of 1.382 EJ200, was also split accordingly to match the three aircraft production tranches. The Tranche 1 contract for the now officially named Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft was signed on 18 September 1998 This fixed-price contract covers the production of the first Tranche of 148 aircraft for a value of about 7 billion euro. Work on the first sub-assemblies for the first series production Eurofighter aircraft had commenced in late 1998 and deliveries to the customer, started in summer 2003 when over 100 aircraft were at various stages of production at the four partner companies assembly lines. The first Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft were accepted by the four air forces between 2003 and the beginning of 2004, the first one to the Luftwaffe, then to the RAF who keep their first aircraft in Warton for flying training, third to receive their aircraft were the Spanish Ejercito de lAire and finally to Italian Aeronautica Militare. The aircraft entered into service with all four nations in spring 2004. In July 2003, Eurofighter GmbH signed its first export contract. Austria reached an agreement for the delivery of 18 aircraft to start in 2007. This contract was revised in 2007, after a budget review, and the delivery of 15 aircraft of Tranche 1 standard was finally decided on. On 14 December 2004 Eurofighter and NETMA signed the Tranche 2 production contract - worth Euro 13 billion - for 236 aircraft - confirming Eurofighters position of having the largest order book of any next-generation fighter aircraft. Based on these figures alone, the Eurofighter Typhoon is a real bestseller with 559 aircraft under contract. The contract meant the go ahead of the production of the Tranche 2 Typhoons, which feature the air-to-air and air-to-ground swing-role capabilities. Deliveries began in autumn 2008 and to date 29 Tranche 2 aircraft has been delivered, with more than 60 aircraft in the final assembly line. During Farnborough Air Show 2006 Eurofighter and NETMA signed the contract to provide the so called Austere air-to-ground capability to the RAF Typhoons, covering the integration of the Litening III designation pod and Paveway bombs on the aircraft. A capability, not planned before on Tranche 1 aircraft - that has been demonstrated with outstanding results during an exercise in US in 2008 where the RAF Typhoon achieved a very high accuracy in delivering their ordnance. 2007 was the year of a second export success for the Eurofighter Typhoon with an important contract signed by the governments of the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia

for the delivery of 72 Tranche 2 production standard aircraft to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Air Force. It was agreed that the first 24 aircraft manufactured by BAE Systems, would be drawn from the batch assigned to the RAF and then replaced by new production aircraft, but the subsequent deliveries would be assembled in Saudi Arabia, in a new purpose built facility, allowing the establishment of the first nucleus of a manufacturing capability in the aerospace field for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Another important industry benefit generated by the Eurofighter programme. In 2007 the first Austrian Typhoon had its maiden flight. AS001 took off from EADS Military Air Systems Manching facility on 21 March and was delivered in July. Exactly one year later, in July 2008 the Austrian Air Force began air surveillance missions under the leadership of the Joint Armed Forces Command and the Air Surveillance Command. January 2008 was the month when the first Tranche 2 aircraft had its first flight. A German produced aircraft, the single seat Instrumented Production Aircraft 7, had its maiden flight from EADS Deutschland base of Manching and on 12 September, the day after the Typhoon fleet reached 50,000 flying hours, NETMA signed the type acceptance leading to the first delivery of a T2 aircraft on 10 October when aircraft BS040 was accepted by the RAF. 2009 marked another important step in the programmes history as on 2 April the four nations of the Eurofighter consortium reached an agreement for the final draft contract for the Tranche 3 production aircraft. The agreement foresees the splitting of the Tranche 3 in two sub-Tranche the first one with a value in the region of 8 billion for 112 aircraft to be contracted during 2009 and the second one to be contracted later - to continue to provide to the nations the important capabilities and the strong trade balance bonus offered by the Eurofighter programme. In June 2009 the first deliveries to the Royal Saudi Air Force started, marking the beginning of an important aircraft replacement program that involve the Arabic kingdom air force. The Typhoon will replace the fleet of Tornado F.3 in service and will represent a strong strategic deterrence for the RSAF. The Test Fleet and the flight test programme The Eurofighter partner companies built seven Development Aircraft (DA) for the Main Development Phase. These initial test aircraft have now completed their development tasks and have been withdrawn from the test programme. Today, the test fleet comprises of seven Instrumented Production Aircraft (IPA) and one Instrumented Series Production Aircraft (ISPA). Germany The first Development Aircraft, DA1, with Turbo Union RB.199 (the Tornado engines), made its maiden flight from EADS Manching test facility, Germany, on 27 March 1994 and was decommissioned 21 December 2005. It is now on display in the Aviation branch of the Deutsche Museum in Schleissheim, Munich.

DA5 made its first flight in February 1997. It contributed considerably to the Captor radar programme as well as carrying out a series of very successful test flights with the Captor Active Electronic Scanning Array Radar (CAESAR) before being withdrawn on 30 October 2007. The Euroradar consortium had previously tested this antenna in ground rigs and flown it in a BAC 1-11 trials aircraft. IPA3 flew on 08 April 2002 and is used for test and evaluation of handling qualities. IPA7, the first Tranche 2 Eurofighter Typhoon, took off for its maiden flight on 16 January 2008 and is used for Tranche 2 enhancements. United Kingdom The first British Development Aircraft, DA2, made its maiden flight at BAE Systems Warton site on 06 April 1994, and was retired 29 January 2007. It is to go on display at the Royal Air Force Museum, Hendon. The twin-seat DA4, the second BAE Systems Development Aircraft, first flew in March 1997 and was used extensively in the development of the avionics suite before being decommissioned on 13 December 2006. It is now used for training ground crew specialists for the Royal Air Force. IPA1 began operations on 15 April 2002 and supports envelope expansion and carefree handling testing. IPA5 is being used for avionics testing since its first flight on 07 June 2004. ISPA1 (BT005 from the Royal Air Force inventory) first flew on 11 May 2004 and is used by the Combined Industry/Customer Test Team trialling the DASS and the helmet, as well as the integration of the Laser Designator Pod (LDP). IPA6 flew for the first time 01 November 2007. The aircraft is equipped with Tranche 2 avionics. Italy DA3, based in Italy at Alenia Aermacchi, made its maiden flight from Caselle, near Turin, in June 1995, the first of the Typhoon prototypes with the EJ200 engines, and conducted many of the firing trials of the Mauser cannon before retiring at the end of 2006. Its future purpose has not yet been determined. DA7, first flight on 27 January 1997, was also a key player in armaments conducting many of the first missile-firing exercises before decommissioning on 30 September 2007. 05 April 2002 saw the first flight of IPA2, the first Instrumented Production Aircraft to fly. The aircraft continues to play a key role in communications, navigation and radar development as well as engine testing for the Tranche 2 standard EJ200.

Spain EADS' two-seater DA6 made its first flight in Spain on 31 August 1996. It was lost 21 November 2002. IPA4, the first single-seat production aircraft, took off for its first flight on 27 February 2004 and is used for tests on the environmental system, communication systems and MIDS, as well as for weapons testing including Meteor trials.

High Resolution images of the Eurofighter Typhoon can be downloaded from our web site: http://www.eurofighter.com/media/image-library.html

For More Information contact: Theodor Benien Head of PR & Communications Tel.: +49 811 80 1555 Fax: +49 811 80 1557 Mobile: +49 160 93 99 38 40 Mail: theodor.benien@eurofighter.com

Kathryn Holm External Communications Tel: +49 (0)811 80 1587 Mob: +49 (0)172 88 12110 Fax: +49 (0)811 80 1557 Mail: Kathryn.Holm@Eurofighter.com