The Fundamentals of In-Building Wireless Solutions

Presented By: Gary Young

Agenda Introduction to In-Building & Campus Wireless Solutions

Enterprise Market Trends Benefits of In-Building Wireless Systems In-Building Wireless Architectures & Technologies Application Profiles

Wireless Solution Deployment Process/Considerations

Installation Project Phases and Challenges Stakeholder Considerations

Why The Need For In In-Building Building Coverage?

Mobile devices are becoming the preferred means of communication:
One person one number Call a person, not a location
Rich Call

Shift in cell phone usage patterns

Outside to inside
Browsing 70%+ of mobile traffic occurs inside buildings Picture Messaging SMS Multimedia Messaging Service Mobile Multimedia

Voice to data E-mail, pictures, video clips, specialized apps for verticals Wide area wireless nets are ubiquitous 3G/4G data speeds equivalent to WiFi
Messaging

Shift in operators network build-out and emphasis

2G to 3G to 4G, smaller cells, emphasis on covering areas of high user density Large buildings are an important revenue generator for the mobile operator Large buildings have a big impact on the overall performance of the mobile network

Data service is on the rise

K Keep Th The U Users of f th the Building B ildi H Happy

The advantages for the users of the building Full mobile coverage
Maximum data performance

Mobility is key
Modern businesses are project oriented Dynamic project groups Office relocation is frequent

Open to all operators

Enterprises are reluctant to enter into long-term contracts with operators Better pricing with multi operators Better service profiles

Reduced radiation with ADC

100-1000 times lower exposure

Dedicated capacity
Always online

A typical large building needs the same mobile capacity as a small city!

4G WiMAX, WiMAX LTE

E Enterprise i B Benefits fi
Improved quality of service
G d call Good ll connection ti anywhere h no dropped d d calls ll High speed data connections applications that are actually compelling

Ubiq ito s wireless Ubiquitous ireless application access

Use mobile devices anywhere in the building/campus

Convert existing data apps for mobile operations Improved security wireless cameras, radios Compliance with local code for Fire / Life / Safety
Employees are always in touch

In Building Wireless System Solutions In-Building

What Are The Options?
RF Source (needed for all DAS solutions)
Antenna/Repeater brings in RF from the outdoor cellular network BTS carrier installed base transceiver station provides dedicated RF

Passive Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

RF is distributed over coax cables to each antenna from an RF source (repeater or base station) Coax cable losses limit their effectiveness in large buildings for higher frequency transmissions

Active Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

Fiber optic cabling backbone overcomes the transmission losses that occur w/ coax Fiber-optic coax-based based system Electric components convert and amplify signals to RF for radiation by the antenna Preferred solution for medium to large buildings

Distributed Radios
The systems consist of small cellular radios, called picocells and femtocells to create an internal cellular network Do not rely on the macro network for switching and hand-offs Evolving technology often used for Hotspot solutions Only wireless carriers can provide this

B tt Data Better D t Performance P f

Why will the users prefer to use 3G/4G over WiFi? Mobility y
Coherent coverage, New laptops come with mobile card integrated

Less hassle to g get service

No need for shopping scratch cards at various WiFi service providers Less cost per Mb Seamless billing g with the mobile p phone Fast to connect, no need to scan for WiFi and try to connect

Data speed can easily compare with WiFi

Typical yp the limitation is not the radio interface of a WiFi AP, but the ADSL backhaul 3G/4G will give faster user speeds

D t Service Data S i I Is The Th Future F t

Data is on the rise Coax solutions do not perform well with the higher data rates
Was ok when designed for voice service only, but the future is data

Example 3G HSPA coverage

Ch Channel l loading l di will ill effect ff t systems t equally ll Coax distribution systems will require as many as 5 times the number of antennas compared to active DAS

WiMAX might be the next upgrade

Operating on even higher frequencies Coax loss increases at higher frequencies
New laptops come with integrated 3G data cards

Data is more sensitive to the loss of a coax solution Active i systems are better b f for d data i intensive i l locations i

Passive Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

Essentially a sprinkler sprinkler system system for cell phone signals Distribution via large coaxial cables L Losses th through h th the cable bl li limit it the size New, higher frequency bands have high loss

Active Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

LAN/WLAN-like topology Standard structured cabling - fiber optic and CAT5 or CATV cabling Less disruptive install Amplifiers at the antenna point means zero loss Significant cost and performance advantages in medium and large buildings Excellent performance regardless of frequency

Installation Project Phases and Challenges

I B ildi Wi In-Building Wireless l I Implementation l t ti St Steps

Budgetary design usually based on floor plans
Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public areas, parking levels, etc.) Determine the buildings construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, , etc.) ) Determine capacity requirements

Site survey
Confirm RF propagation p p g Determine locations for equipment Confirm antenna locations Measure interference thresholds Confirm cable routes and lengths Power Security

In-Building Wireless Implementation Scope of Work contd

Carrier requirements/coordination req irements/coordination RF Source Retransmit agreements Fi l d Final design i quote t Installation Commissioning & Acceptance (including as as-built built drawings)

Facility and Installation Considerations Potential Cost Impacts

Type of environment - Open layout, dense, mixed use B ildi s construction Building t ti materials t i l ( (sheetrock, h t k bl block, k metal, t l concrete, t etc.) t ) RF design goals (required strength of signal) Is there fiber available? Are there any special installation requirements? Conduit required? Core drilling? g Building-code requirement or environmental need based on facility type Infection control procedures for hospitals? Working hours, access arrangements IBEW, CWA, or Non-Union

S Special i lR Requirement i t - Application A li ti P Profiles fil

Hospitals
Tenting, incumbent installer, conduit, core drilling, work hour restrictions, validation of d drawings i (l (lead-lined d li d walls), ll ) proper definition d fi iti of f coverage requirements i t ( (e.g. O Operating ti Rooms, boiler rooms, etc.).

Campus
Incumbent installer installer, validation of facility drawings and fiber map map, conduit conduit, work hour restrictions, core drilling, high lift

Manufacturing
Conduit, , work hour restriction, , lift

Airport
Security clearance, badging, conduit, work hour restriction, lift

Hospitality
Work hour restrictions, historic architecture

Corporate Office
Conduit, work hour restriction, aesthetics, executive row

S Sample l P Project j t Ti Timeline li

Date Item Budgetary Design Assignment Solutions Provider Comments Budgetary design based on floor plan coverage analysis/modeling

Site Walk

Solutions Provider, Wireless Service Provider, end-user

Benchmarking of existing signal levels and required coverage areas in-building, installation requirements, architecture, etc.

Final Design

Solutions Provider

Final system design compiled using site walk data, customer requirements, etc.

Day 1

Receipt of PO

Wireless Service Provider, Solutions Provider

Day 7

Kick-off meeting/ scheduling

Solutions Provider, Wireless Service Provider, end-user Solutions Provider Solutions Provider Wireless Service Provider, Solutions Provider Wireless Service Provider or end-user Solutions Provider

Coordination of material management, installation, resources, etc.

Day 16 Day 17 Day 22 Day 25 Day 28

Delivery of Product & Material Installation Commissioning/ on-Site Acceptance Acceptance As-built documentation

Reference SOW & Design

*This outlines a typical project flow and timing may vary based on project size and complexity.

Building Evaluation & Design

This diagram illustrates the macro signal penetration in the Building.

Design Layout Antenna Locations

Design Layout RF Coverage Design

1900 MHz, 4RF Carriers @ 10 dBm/carrier -65 dBm -75dBm -85dBm

The Skyscraper Challenges - Quality

Interference & Isolation
User sees signals g from many y base stations
Interference

Metallic coated windows attenuates the signal The result is

Degraded / no service Dropped calls Outdoor traffic congestions must not affect the indoor users

The solution is to have a dominant signal

Dedicated capacity
Building B ildi not a resource d drain i on outdoor d network k Not impacted outdoor traffic congestion Requires a BTS as RF source Elevator Full Coverage g Steel enclosure of the elevator stops the mobile coverage Difficult with traditional systems 300m+ elevators
In high rise buildings, interference from distant basestations is a problem

Th Installation The I t ll ti Challenge: Ch ll T Traditional diti lC Coax

Specific challenges using the traditional design Large footprint for base station, station typical 3 x 19 19 rack per operator Need dedicated room High Thermal and Power load (10-20kW) Extensive cable installation High Hi h i impact ti installation t ll ti

Typical High Power base station, one operator

Traditional coax installation

In-Building Business Models

Common Business Models

Carrier/operator pays (traditional model) i.e. Intel, Ford
Carrier covers cost of all equipment, cabling g and installation Customer lock-in, through long term contract Increase in customer satisfaction

Enterprise pays i.e. i e Google Google, Sears HQ

Enterprise pays for all equipment, cabling and installation (carrier provides RF source) No long term commitment to any carrier Generally require support of at least 2 carriers on the system

Neutral Host i.e. Casinos, Airports

Bear the burden of CAPEX and project organization Add technical value and remove all performance risk from the building owner Focused ownership of the wireless assets to add value throughout the life of the project Recurring revenue through lease of the system to the carrier(s)

Responsibilities
Mobile Operator Enterprise/ Building Owner Manufacturer & local partner

Design and quality DAS equipment Installation of DAS Installation of BTS Maintenance of DAS Maintenance of BS

(X) (X) X X X (X) (X)

X X X X

Conclusions
Users of the building expect full mobile data service from day one Indoor systems should be pre installed, like other utilities in the building Large/Tall buildings need dedicated capacity DAS systems can reduce mobile output power, resulting in longer battery life and lower radiation DAS systems prepare you for the future
2G (GSM, DCS, PCS) 3G (UMTS) Super3G (HSPA) WiMAX

A proprietary DAS that gives full freedom in negotiating with all mobile operators, expanding and moving the system as needed