PorePressure Prediction Carbonate Rocks Libya NDX Gruenwald

Pore Pressure Prediction Based on High Resolution Velocity Inversion in Carbonate Rocks, Offshore Sirte Basin Libya*
Robert M. Gruenwald1, Javier Buitrago2, Jack Dessay2, Alan Huffman3, Carlos Moreno3, Jose Maria Gonzalez Munoz2, Carlos Diaz2 and Khaeri Segayer Tawengi Search and Discovery Article #40551 (2010)
Posted June 30, 2010 *Adapted from oral presentation at AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 11-14, 2010
1 2
Exploration, REMSA, Tripoli, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (rgruenwald@ryremsa.com) Exploration, REMSA, Tripoli, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 3 Fusion Petroleum Technologies Inc., Houston, TX
Abstract ResidualTM velocity analysis was employed to refine the input gathers and velocity field for pressure prediction in Cretaceous carbonates and further processed to produce an inverted velocity cube. From the acoustic inversion a shale velocity trend was generated and used for pressure calibration with the control wells to predict pressures in 3D. Attributes were generated for pore pressure (PP), pore pressure gradient (PPG), overburden pressure (OB), overburden gradient (OBG), fracture pressure (FP), fracture pressure gradient (FPG) and effective stress (ES). Two reservoir specific PP models with different saturating fluids were generated to account for buoyancy effects; Z Reservoir = FG at structural crest. From down dip pressures P Max is calculated to a maximum extent of the possible fluid column to predict for pore fill columns using the local closure and spill points and pressure prediction at the penetration point for the reservoir assuming the existence of a centroid pressure point in a monoclinal structure. Fluid gradients used were; for brine 0.465 psi/ft, for light oil 0.3 psi/ft and for gas 0.1 psi/ft. PPP results indicate a benign shallow section and then increases steadily below 11,500 ft to a maximum of 15.5 PPG at 15,100 ft and temperatures exceeding 300 deg F at TD. Comparison of pre drill prediction, based on seismic velocities, with LWD guided pressure monitoring, intermediate and final VSP data and final WL results show a high affinity with the prognosis. Space and resolution dependent PP Models can be generated from actual well data and seismic displaying the inherent velocity heterogeneity of seismic data versus high resolution of WL data.
Copyright AAPG. Serial rights given by author. For all other rights contact author directly.
Integration of regional knowledge, sound understanding of the basin specific structural setting and offset well data, PSTM and PSDM data, with real time drilling parameter monitoring and a technology limited by the carbonate setting, provides valuable data for kick management and casing design in a HPHT environment.
Pore Pressure Prediction based on High Resolution Velocity Inversion in Carbonate Rocks, Offshore Sirte Basin - Libya
Javier Buitrago*, Buitrago*, Jack Dessay*, Dessay*, Carlos Diaz*, Robert Gruenwald*, Gruenwald*, Alan Huffman**, Muoz*, oz*, Huffman**, Carlos Moreno**, Jose Maria Gonzalez Mu Khaeri Segayer Tawengi*** Tawengi***
AAPG Annual Convention & Exhibition 11-14 April New Orleans
R. Gruenwald & Alan R. Huffman PhD
Draft Outline Geographical setting Offset Information Methodology Pre-Drill Prediction Well Monitoring Post Drill Analysis Conclusion
2
AAPG Annual Convention & Exhibition 11-14 April New Orleans R. Gruenwald & Alan R. Huffman PhD
Cyrenaica - Libya
A1-NC120
A1-NC173
A1-NC202 B1-NC152
3
Drilled Stratigraphy Geopressure Issues

Age Formation GR MD (ft) DT
A1-NC202
1000
A1-NC202
southwest northeast
2000
SB Sea Bottom
Miocene
AL FAIDIYAH
3000
A L A BRA Q
S85 Intra Miocene

4000
Olig.
UPPER SHALE A L BA YDA
S80 Top Eocene

5000
DERNAH
6000
S70 Lower Shale S60 Apollonia
Eocene
LOWER SHALE
7000
LOSSES TOTAL LOSSES
S50 Paleocene S45 Base Tertiary S32 Santonian Unc.
A POLLONIA
8000
KHEIR
9000
S30 Top Turonian S26 Intra-Turonian 1
Paleo cene Maastrichtian Campanian
PA LEOCENE
10000
A L A THRUN
WELL KICKED
11000
S24 Intra-Turonian 2 S21 Qahash
AL MA JA HIR
Early Santonian Coniacian
A L HILA L
12000
CIA N ALCONIA HILAL MARL
Turonian
AL BANIYAH TURONIA N (upper)
13000
CENOMA -TURONIA N AL HILAL SHA;E
AL BANIYAH CENOMA NIA N (lower)
14000
Cenomanian - Albian
JA RDAS
DA RYA NAH
15000
5 km
PSTM (TWT)
?Early Cretaceous
QA HA SH
4
Outline
Geographical setting Offset Information Methodology Pre-Drill Prediction Well Monitoring Post Drill Analysis Conclusion
5
HP-HT well: Offset wells PP Comparison

Pore Pressure (psi)
Mud Losses encounter on the well B1NC152 at 371 ft Mud Losses encounter on the well A1NC120 from 560 to 1369 feet
Mud Losses expected at 8800 to 9400 ft (corr with well A1NC173)
In the Cenomanian, PP Increase is expected at 13000 ft (PP= 12.1 ppge) and later at 15000 ft (PP = 14.2 ppge) in the Albian reservoir level (corr. with B1NC152)
6
Presenters Notes: Offset Well Information
Offset wells: Pressures from MW
Offset pressure data from the NC 120-A1 (purple and magenta) and NC 173-A1 (blue) wells that had seismic data support 7
Offset wells: Effective stress vs. Velocity
Velocity to effective stress calibration using a hybrid model (red curve) that moves from the minimum fluid pressure model at low effective stress to the maximum fluid pressure model at high effective stress. 8
Outline
9
Methodology for Mixed Lithology Areas

Perform traditional dense velocity analysis followed by residual velocity analysis Perform ThinMANTM high-resolution inversion for reflectivity Use the residual velocities as a low frequency constraint to generate a calibrated acoustic inversion Extract the low velocity trend related to the interbedded shales Use the shale velocity trend for effective stress calibration and prediction Use the entire velocity field for time-depth conversion
10
PPP Pre Drill A1-NC202

SW A1-NC202 NE
Low Vel. Dernah Reservoir
Top Eocene (Dernah)
Sabil Vel. Inversion 8734 - 8930 ft
velocity (m/s)
Top Paleocene .
Santonian Unc. Top Cenomanian (S26) Top Albian Base Albian
Low Vel. / High Pressure Pockets ?
11
Vel. reversal is observed in Horizon S26 in Barracuda

Presenters Notes: Comparison of inverted Vp and smoothed shale Vp at Well A
Inverted Vint section through prospect

S N
Intra-Oligocene
Wadi Dernah
Top Paleocene . L.Tertiary Unc. Santonian Unc. Top Cenomanian Top Albian
12
Fluid P-gradient using pressure model (PPG/EMW)

S N
Intra-Oligocene
Wadi Dernah
13
Fracture P-gradient interpretation (PPG/EMW)

S N
Intra-Oligocene
Wadi Dernah
14
Outline
15
Pre-Drill Prediction vs. Drilling Calibration

Pressure Gradient Data (ppg)
8.00 0 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
2000
4000
6000
Depth (fbsl)
8000
10000
S-45 S-32 S-26
12000
14000
S-24
16000
18000
16 but honoring the major deep pressure ramp Revised prediction removal of initial pressure ramp,
Presenters Notes: Plan was to predict first abnormal regime, result is lower pressure (losses). 1. 2. Isolate the first predicted abnormal pressure regime (Cased off Loss Zone) Drill safely the sharp pressure ramp towards the HP zone
Here it has to be mentioned that 12772 MDT point was taken after killing the well at TD.

8.00 0 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
2000
The plan 1. Isolate the first predicted abnormal pressure regime (Cased off Loss Zone)
4000
6000
Depth (fbsl)
8000
10000
S-45 S-32 S-26
12000
14000
S-24
16000
18000

8.00 0 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
2000
4000
6000
2. Drill safely the sharp pressure ramp towards the HP zone
Depth (fbsl)
8000
10000
S-45 S-32 S-26
12000
14000
S-24
16000
18000

8.00 0 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
2000
4000
6000
Depth (fbsl)
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
Pre-Drill Prognosis with drilled under / over pressure ramp 19


Pressure Gradient Data Pressure Data (ppg) (ppg)
8.00 0 8.00 0 2000 2000 4000 4000 6000 6000 8000 8000 10000 10000 10.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 14.00 14.00 16.00 16.00 18.00 18.00 20.00 20.00
Depth(fbsl) (fbsl) Depth
S-45 S-32 S-26 S-24
12000 12000
14000 14000
16000 16000
18000 18000
PreView data (red) and MDT data The AAPG Annual Convention & Exhibition 11-14 April(green). New Orleans
20 Original prediction from pre-drill location actual drilling data including drilled MW (blue), Pre-Drill Prognosis with drilled under / over with pressure ramp Revised prediction removal of initial pressure ramp, but honoring the major deep pressure ramp MDT at 12,772 is likely to be supercharged (SLB final) PhD R. Gruenwald & Alan R. Huffman
PSDM Interpretation (Available Post-Drill)

S50 Kheir 8413 (BMSL) 8530 MD
Losses Zone 1 from 8750 ft 8819 ft
Sabil 8755 (BMSL) 8880 MD
S45 BTU 9965 (BMSL) 10090 MD BMSL 10000 10250 Losses Zone 2 10010ft 11340ft 10500 MD 10125 10375 10625
High Velocity Interval

11250 11375
Santonian Unconf. S32
S26 Cenomanian
13500
13625
S24 Albiian
TD
21
Presenters Notes: PSDM Line across Well Location
Outline
22
Lessons Learned Geopressure issues
23
Presenters Notes: The well did not kick at the 12772 MDT point because it is likely laterally connected to a reservoir isolated centroid, or connected by fracture deeper part of the reservoir like a short circuit but disconnected from shale behavior
Lessons Learned Geopressure issues
Severe to total losses
BGG decreased after MW increase

24
MDT P/EMW 15.13 ppg after killing well at TD MW 16 ppg
Geopressure Monitoring 8.5OH Section

8 11.500 10 12 14 16 18 20
9 5/8 @ 11.516 ft
FIT 17.5 ppg

12.000
12.500
13.000
13.500
MW=14.5 ppg just TG<8%. MW=14.7 ppg TG<2%. No cavings. No drag/overpull MW=14.7 ppg TG< 0.5%. POG = 3%. Rare cavings. MW=14.7 ppg TG< 2%. PCG = 7%. Rare cavings. MW=15.7 ppg TG 1%. POG = 11%. Cavings. MW cut to 10ppg MW=16 ppg TG 0.5%. Muddy water return 25
14.000
Static P = -0,1 to -0,9 ppg Dyn. P = > 0,4 ppg
14.500
15.000
15.500
16.000
Fusion Predicted Pore Pressure Fusion Predicted Frac Presure MW EPP ESD ECD
Outline
26
Original Location Geopressures Post drilling
Calibration panel (right) showing the actual MW data (blue), the SLB PreView data (orange) and the MDT data (cyan) for the well and the original predicted pressure gradient (green curve). The left panel is the seismic shale velocities. 27 These are for the original predicted location. Datum is mudline.
Final Drilled Location Geopressures Post drilling
Note milder shallow ramp
Calibration panel (right) showing the actual MW data (blue), the SLB PreView data (orange) and the MDT data (cyan) for the Barracuda well and the predicted pressure gradient (green curve) for the actual location where the well was 28 drilled. The left panel is the seismic shale velocities. Datum is mudline.
Presenters Notes: This is the velocity function from the actual drilled location, which is 250 meters from the original prediction location. Note the decreased shallow ramp behavior. This velocity function predicts a lower pressure at 9,000 to 10,000 feet than the original location. Green curve on right with half ppg error bar final location prediction
Final VSP Geopressures Post drilling
Calibration panel (right) showing the actual MW data (blue), the SLB PreView data (orange) and the MDT data (cyan) for the well and the predicted pressure gradient (green curve). The left panel is the Vp from the VSP inversion. The 29 minima on the sonic curve are the shaley zones. Datum is mudline.
Inverted Vp at Well Cretaceous Section
1000
2000
3000
4000 m/s
5000
6000
7000
30
Comparison Int. VSP vs. Final VSP
Comparison of velocity data from the well sonic log, VSP and VSP inversion. The magenta curve is the shale minima 31 trend from the check shot survey.
Presenters Notes: Mnemonic naming description; 1st TRACK Cstk_inv = Corridor stack inversion from the intermediated (1st) run checkshot Cstk_shl= Low frequency shale trend velocity Vint_flt= Checkshot interval velocity VP_ED= Velocity derived from the sonic log PSTMVint= inverted velocity constrained by ThinMAN 2nd TRACK Measured Depth 3rd TRACK VP_ED= Velocity derived from the sonic log PSTMVint=inverted velocity constrained by ThinMAN VP2chkin=Corridor stack inversion from the final (TD) run checkshot VP2chkst=Checkshot interval velocity from the final (TD) run checkshot PSTMVint= inverted velocity constrained by ThinMAN
Outline
32
Conclusion
Integration of regional knowledge, sound understanding of the basin specific structural setting and offset well data, PSTM and PSDM data, with real-time drilling parameter monitoring and a technology limited by the carbonate setting, provides valuable data for kick management and casing design in a HPHT environment. Pressure Prediction Can Be Performed In Complex Geologic Environments Under The Right Conditions Successful Predictions Require The Following: Robust Velocities That Can Be Relied Upon To Indicate Presence of Pressure Anomalies Investigate Thoroughly The Effects of Lithology on Velocity Good Understanding Of Lithological and Depositional Variability Sufficient Offset Well Calibration To Determine Which Pressure Mechanisms Are Active In A Study Area Routine to Distinguish Poor Offset Well Data Adding Negative Bias (A1-NC173) from Valid Offset Well Data Appropriate Seismic Methods Designed To Resolve Changes in Velocity Related To Pore Pressure Ability to Detect Velocity Variations in Complex Lithological Settings Full Integration of Structural, Stratigraphic and Geophysical Inputs Pre-Drill Predictions are designed to predict shale pressures ahead of the bit. Open fracture systems can cause the pre-drill prediction to be in error because of vertical fluid migration across formations. Wideazimuth data are required to detect these fracture systems pre-drill. 28

PorePressure Prediction Carbonate Rocks Libya NDX Gruenwald

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PorePressure Prediction Carbonate Rocks Libya NDX Gruenwald

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pore Pressure Prediction Based on High Resolution Velocity Inversion in Carbonate Rocks, Offshore Sirte Basin Libya*

AAPG Annual Convention & Exhibition 11-14 April New Orleans

R. Gruenwald & Alan R. Huffman PhD

Drilled Stratigraphy Geopressure Issues

S85 Intra Miocene

UPPER SHALE A L BA YDA

S80 Top Eocene

S70 Lower Shale S60 Apollonia

LOSSES TOTAL LOSSES

S50 Paleocene S45 Base Tertiary S32 Santonian Unc.

S30 Top Turonian S26 Intra-Turonian 1

Paleo cene Maastrichtian Campanian

S24 Intra-Turonian 2 S21 Qahash

Early Santonian Coniacian

AL BANIYAH TURONIA N (upper)

CENOMA -TURONIA N AL HILAL SHA;E

AL BANIYAH CENOMA NIA N (lower)

HP-HT well: Offset wells PP Comparison

Mud Losses expected at 8800 to 9400 ft (corr with well A1NC173)

Presenters Notes: Offset Well Information

Offset wells: Pressures from MW

Offset wells: Effective stress vs. Velocity

Methodology for Mixed Lithology Areas

PPP Pre Drill A1-NC202

Low Vel. Dernah Reservoir

Top Eocene (Dernah)

Sabil Vel. Inversion 8734 - 8930 ft

Santonian Unc. Top Cenomanian (S26) Top Albian Base Albian

Low Vel. / High Pressure Pockets ?

Vel. reversal is observed in Horizon S26 in Barracuda

Presenters Notes: Comparison of inverted Vp and smoothed shale Vp at Well A

Inverted Vint section through prospect

Fluid P-gradient using pressure model (PPG/EMW)

Fracture P-gradient interpretation (PPG/EMW)

Pre-Drill Prediction vs. Drilling Calibration

S-45 S-32 S-26

Pre-Drill Prediction vs. Drilling Calibration

S-45 S-32 S-26

Pre-Drill Prediction vs. Drilling Calibration

2. Drill safely the sharp pressure ramp towards the HP zone

S-45 S-32 S-26

Pre-Drill Prediction vs. Drilling Calibration

Pre-Drill Prognosis with drilled under / over pressure ramp 19

Pre-Drill Prediction vs. Drilling Calibration

Depth(fbsl) (fbsl) Depth

S-45 S-32 S-26 S-24

PSDM Interpretation (Available Post-Drill)

Losses Zone 1 from 8750 ft 8819 ft

Sabil 8755 (BMSL) 8880 MD

High Velocity Interval

Santonian Unconf. S32

Presenters Notes: PSDM Line across Well Location

Lessons Learned Geopressure issues

Lessons Learned Geopressure issues

Severe to total losses

BGG decreased after MW increase

MDT P/EMW 15.13 ppg after killing well at TD MW 16 ppg

R. Gruenwald & Alan R. Huffman PhD

Geopressure Monitoring 8.5OH Section

FIT 17.5 ppg

Static P = -0,1 to -0,9 ppg Dyn. P = > 0,4 ppg

AAPG Annual Convention & Exhibition 11-14 April New Orleans