DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF PIPERACK

PIPERACK LOADING
For on-plot pipe racks minimum vertical load of 2.0 KN/m2 on plan area shall be applied at each pipe rack level, unless definitive loads are available from Piping Group. A concentrated load shall be added for pipes 12 in. dia. or larger. For off-plot pipe racks a vertical load of 2.0 KN/m on plan area shall be applied at each pipe rack level, unless definitive loads are available from piping group. Concentrated loads for 18 in. dia. pipes shall also be considered. The horizontal friction load applied at each level shall be the greater of 7.5% of the total pipe weight or 30% of the operating pipe weight of any number of lines known to be moving simultaneously in the same direction. For on-plot pipe racks the longitudinal beam struts shall be designed for a vertical load of 50% of the load carried by the most heavily loaded transverse beam. This load should not be added to the design load for column or footings. For off-plot pipe racks, longitudinal beam struts shall be designed for vertical and horizontal loads imposed by expansion loops, located by piping group. All pipe rack longitudinal beam struts shall be designed for a compression load of 15% of the maximum adjacent column load at beam level. The horizontal load on pipe rack anchor bays shall be the greatest of:Anchor force from pipe stress (These shall include start-up and shutdown conditions). or 7.5% of piping vertical load between expansion joints or

Cable Tray Loads

A minimum cable tray load of 1.0 KN/m2 per tray layer shall be used for electrical/instrument trays. The transverse wind load on cable trays shall be applied on a projected area equal to the height of the tray plus 10% of the net width of cable way dedicated to trays.

Live Load:
Live load (L) on access platforms and walkways and on equipment platforms should be considered, as applicable. 0.81 KN/m at 6.75 m level and 0.2 KN/m2 at 8.25m and 9.75m level respectively.

WIND LOADING CALCULATIONS

Basic Wind speed : Vb = 50 m/sec Risk coefficient -K1 = 0.90 Height & Terrain Factor K2 = 1 Cat.2,Class-A,Table-2,IS875 Topographic factor k3 = 1.0 Design Wind speed Vz = Vb x K1 x k2 x k3= 50 x 0.9x 1x 1= 45 m/sec Design Wind Pressure Pz = 0.6 x Vz = 0.6 x 452 = 1215 N/m2 = 1.2 KN/m2 Wind loads acting on Pipe racks shall be in accordance with IS:875-III-1987 Wind force for Pipe rack Individual members Frame wise Individual Members

* Column & Beam Members (Cl.6.3.3.2(b)) Normal force=Cfn x Pz x K x b ..KN/m Transverse force=Cft x Pz x K x b ..KN/m Cfn , Cft = force coefficients K= Reduction factor for individual members (Table-25, pg. 44) b=width of member across wind direction Wind force for Pipe rack Frame wise (CL.6.3.3.3 & 6.3.3.4)

Solidity ratio= area of members in direct exposure/Overall area Force coefficients (for 1 Frame) = Reference table: 28(pg.46) for more than one frame Frame spacing ratio =c/c dist of frames/least overall dim of frame measured at right angle to direction of wind. Refer Shielding factor based on solidity ratio & Frame spacing ratio (Refer Table: 29 of Pg. No. 46 of IS: 875-III) Wind Force on Fin Fans

F (Total Wind Force) = Cf x Ae x Pz ..KN Cf(Max) = Force coefficients =0.95 (Table:4) Ae = Effective Frontal Area

WIND LOADINGS FOR PIPES

The transverse wind load on piping shall be applied on a projected area equal to the diameter of the largest pipe including insulation where applicable plus 10% of the usable width of the pipe rack, where the usable width of the pipe rack is defined as the distance between inside faces of pipe rack columns less clearance between columns and piping. Where pipe sizes are unknown projected area shall be based on a 12 in. dia. pipe plus 50mm insulation

Load calculation and pile arrangements

The load on the foundation is obtained from the result of 3 dimensional structural analysis using STAAD. The three STAAD models are framed one for Grid 1-6 and one for Grid 7-8 and one for Grid 1d-1f. The Results of the Column loads are obtained from these analyses. Consideration of load carrying capacity of bored cast- in -situ pile for pipe racks of CPP Project as in below: Load Carrying Capacity of Bored Cais -in-situ piles S.l No 1. 2. Size of Pile 450 mm dia 500 mm dia Bored Depth (m) 21.5 m 23.5 m Allowable capacity (KN) 650 KN 900 KN

CODE BOOKS REFERED

1. IS: 456-2000, Indian standard code of practice for Plain and Reinforced concrete, fourth revision. 2. IS: 800-2007, Indian standard code of practice for general construction in steel, third revision. 3. IS: 875 Part 1, Indian standard code of practice for Unit weights of materials. 4. IS: 875-1987, Design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures, Part 3Wind Loads. 5. IS: 1498-1970, Classification and identification of soils for general engineering purposes (First Revision).