Republic of the Philippines University of the Philippines Institute of Islamic studies of ,Diliman Romulo Hall Quezon City

A Thesis proposal on

The 1968 Pan Islam: A case of Tausug participation in the Bangsamoro Struggle
In Is. -199 (Material and methods in Islamic studies)

Submitted to: Prof. Aisha Flores Instructress

Submitted by: AlphataJairiUntih Student Sy -2012-2013 1

Table of Content Chapter II 1-Review of related literature------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2-Theoritical framework--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 3-Conciptual framework------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12

Chapter II

I-Review of related literature

A-Emergence of Islam: The root cause origin of the Bangsamoro Pan-Islam Reuben R. Canoy stated in His Book the Quest for Mindanao Independent, That Karim Amakdum is said to be the first Arab Missionary to visit Philippines. He came from Malaysia in 1380 and established the first Islamic mosque in Bwansa and then in Simunul.1 The coming of Islam to the Bangsamoro Homeland was a great challenge to the Bangsamoro people. They made as the guided and civilized people morally and ethically due to the guidance of Islam that penetrated their inner most heart and soul. When the MuslimDa-e had reached their Homeland, they received them in a very acceptable manner in as much as possible that the Muslim Da-e had gotten the great inspiration to propagate the massage of Islam within the entire Bangsamoro homeland. Reuben R. Canoy also Mentioned that the new religion brought tremendous changes in the life of the people , for with it also came a new Alphabet (The Arabic Script)the Moorish arts and sciences and a form of government - The Sultanate.2 Islamic religion had gained tremendous changes to the Bangsamoro people due to its teaching on Islamic monotheism including the Islamic arts and scanned. Furthermore,the Muslim Da-e had used

Reuben R. Caloy, The Quest for Mindanao Independence (Cagayan de Oro city, Mindanao, Mindanao post publishing company, 1987) p. 25
2

Ibid., p. 27

in propagating Islamic ,the so-called four theories such as the .Missionary theory ,trade theory marriage theory in order that Islam will be very effective to be accepted in the mind of the Bangsamoropeople. In addition under Missionary theory, The Muslim Da-e used their potential ability to teach Islamic knowledge in the best manner to the inhabitant of the Bangsamoro homeland. The concentration of the teaching was based on the Quran and the sunnah of the prophet (SAW)as well as Islamic literature. Another one they realized that they should use the trade theory sohere, the Muslim Da-e used the friendship strategy in business dealing .They used to deal Moro people in a business matter honestly until they convinced them to accept Islam sincerely due to business dealing was very Islamic ally ethical. So the tendency is that the Moro had embraced Islam through Islamic Economic strategy. TheirMuslim Da-e had added marriage theory. Theythemselves had sincerely married the daughter of some Moro people. So the aftermath is that they are connected as family member and they invited their family to embrace Islamic religion.Then lastly the Muslim Da- e used political theory which was established in 1450 under sultanate form of government in Sulu when the entire Bangsamoro people was Islamized socially, politically, comically and spiritually. These four theories were the determining factors that caused the Muslim Bangsamoro people had embraced Islam. Another one, Rueben R. Canoy had mentioned that in 1450 Sharif Abu Bakr a Muslim Leader from Sumatra followed Baguinda he married the latters daughters and later became first sultan of Sulu.3 Due to the introduction of political theory under sultanate form of government among the Bangsamoro people, is that the Moros were made determined people and organized society that cause them to resist from the early beginning until now they are under the light example of Islamic doctrine and principle. Reuben R. Canoy also said that the most determined in organized resistance
3

Reuben R. Canoy, The Quest for Mindanao Independence (Cagayan de Oro city, Mindanao, Mindanao post publishing company, 1987) p. 27

to foreign domination came from the Muslim of Mindanao, particularly those of Sulu, whom Dr. CeasarMajul described as a fiercely proud and independent people to whom defense of whom in a way of life had become a religious duty. In his book, Mulsim in the Philippines, Majul writes that it was Islam that gave them their cohesion and sense of community and institutionalized their loyalty to their sultan sanctioned their attempts to resist alien rule and gave a religious character of their patriotism.4 Islamization among the Bangsamoro people is a unifying factor. That pan- Islamic originated to call the Bangsamoro mind to support the pan Islamic burning idealism in the realm of propaganda movement when Islam hadpenetrated the mind and heart of the Moro they engaged themselves to participate along the line of Islam and pan-Islamic cause among the Bangsamoro people who were entrusted themselves in the way of Allah (swt).For a Muslim,Islam is always a burning idealism that cause to serve to a Muslim the so called realistic Islamic spiritual blessing the Muslim will be easily participating towards Muslim pan-Islamic motive and activity finally Islam in the third and heart of the Bangsamoro is the root cause of the Bangsamoro pan-Islam.

B. Pan-Islam: The variable idea to unite bangsamoro people to struggle against colonial aggression Alrashid I. Cayongcatmentioned ,Thatthe Jabidah killings& did to student demonstration outside Malacanang palace. one of those who received his training outside the palace walls was a young

Reuben R. Caloy, The Quest for Mindanao Independence (Cagayan de Oro city, Mindanao, Mindanao post publishing company, 1987) p. 29-30

Muslim .His name was NurMisuari .He claimed that the become rebel on the grass patches outside the Malacanang gates following Jabidah scandal.5 The emergence and outburst of the Jabidah Massacre are the main starting burning idealism of the Bangsamoro struggle against Philippine colonialism .It is said that the Philippine de-

Islamizationto the Bangsamoro is optimistic to be conducted to the entire Bangsamoro is homeland .So the immediate action of the Moro intellectually especially NurMisuari that there should be Islamic revolutionary struggle against Filipino due to that Islam almost can be vanished. NumMusuari has used Islamic nationalism as a pan-Islamic idea to unite all Bangsamoro people to struggle against Philippine colonial infidelity. According to Samuel K Tan they movement of Muslim history is guided by the internal rhythm of the Muslim struggle somewhat influenceonly by the nature of .Muslim institution and the challenges comforting them .There are therefore four distinguishable ones of lotion which have ran through over 400 centuries of struggle since introduction of islam in the 13th century .These are : 1) The struggle for political power 2).The struggle for economic progress 3).The struggle for social destination and 4) the struggle for cultural identity 6 The four distinguishable lines of notion maintained by Samuel K. Tan as the variable that the Moro had in search for long time ago. Moro had believed if these four ones of motion could be achieved if these four ones of motion could have the sweetness of real freedom Thats whyMorose are always in thirst to struggle their right to be free as a destined nation .They fought for freedom in order to taste the sweetness of a free nation

Alrashid I. Cayongcat, Bangsamoro People in Search for Peace, (Manila Philippines, The Foundation of the Advancement of Islam in the Philippines, 1986) pp. 78-79 6 Samuel K. Tan. Internationalization of the Bangsamoro Struggle (Quezon City: University of the Philippine Press, 1993) p. 7

Samuel K Tan also said that the advent of Islam in the Philippines in about A.D.1280 was not accompanied by the immediate established of Islamic political structure and institution. If wouldnot until after almost two centuries of gradual Islamization that what is now the Muslim south witnessed the rise of a concrete political system called the sultanate of Sulu in A.D.1450 and in Maguindanao in A.D.1511. Thus the sultanate period was marked by the struggle of the raja ship and datushipfor the maintenance of their independence until Islamization inevitably led to the consolidation and centralization of political authority in the sultan who was the symbolic

embodiment of Islam.The sultanate therefore ,which integrated the data ship for raja ships as the foundation and level of the political system presented a blinding of Islam and the inodorous political culture .This is what can be regarded as the Muslim political tradition that has figured in the subsequent struggle against colonialism,impirealism and neocolonialism.7 The history of the political existence and emergence of sultanate in the Bangsamoro .Homeland is the reason that serves as a burning idealism that why Bangsamoro should have to struggle then right in a deletion the bitterness of colonialism imperialism and neo-colonialism which are done by the colonial aggressor is also a reason of the Bangsamoro Islamic revolution . Samuel K Tan also mentioned in his book to Muslim secessionist the Jabidah affair clearly demonstrate the Filipino leaderships regard for Muslim minority in the country the revelation of JabinArula the Muslim youths were recreated and trained for a subversive and sabotage mission against their Muslim brothers and kinsmen in Sabah Reade the Muslim in the Philippines and the ummahrealize that as Filipinos their nights to life liberty and happiness were not guaranteed and protected sy the very

Samuel K Tan, internationalization of the bangsamoro struggle(Quezon city: university of the

Philippines press, 1993) p.7

government expected to ensure these nights consequently to the muslim perception Filipinos as an ideology is limited and relevant only to the aspiration of the Christian majority in the country this brought to a powerfull focus the convergence in the muslim curiousness of their historical loses to colonialism andFilipinismincluding .The last and most sensitive their Islamic identity.8 According to Samuel K Tan in the late sixties ,10the Muslim struggle was ideologically anchored an a semi-conservative view that the Muslim were Filipinos and thus historically constituted a part of the Filipinos state somehow were long neglect independence from the Philippines.9 The Philippines abandonment on the Bangsamoro in terms of social justice is a reason of the moro depression and desperation and this made them to realize that they should find their way an fighting the reality existing in their society .Samuel K Tan also mentioned that miscarries ideology Moro Nation long before Spanish community 10 The leaders of the Bangsamoro Islamic revolution especially Nurmisuare had used pan Islamic concept as a was unifying factor to unite the whole bangsamoro people in the name of islamregandles of tribe nationality and race .The moromuslim elders give to used to convence all the moropeople that the Islamic revolution and struggle are basedan the principle of the qunas and surrah .The pan-Islamic revelations conducted by the Moro Islamic revolutionaries was made as a vehicle of the moro masses to participate themselves along the way of jihad fi sabillah (Struggle in the way of Allah). colonialism. It was never port of the Filipino Christian by the government compelled them to seek

8 9

Samuel K Tan , Internationalization of the bangsamoro struggle(Quezon city: university of the Philippines press, 1993) p. 21
Ibid., p 43 Ibid., p. 44

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II- Theoretical framework Theory of ethno symbolism This study suits the use of Armstrong and smiths theory of ethno symbolism as an approach claiming that they rely on pre existing texture of myths, memories, values and symbols. According to them the emergence of todays ration cannot be understanding property without taking their ethnic forbears into account .In other words the rise of nations needs to be contextualized within the larger phenomenon of ethnicity which shaped them .Smith contents that such an approach is more helpful than its alternatives in at least three ways .First it helps to explain which populations are likely to start a nationalist movement under certain conditions and what the content of this movement would be. Second this approach enables us to understand the important roles of memories, values myths and symbols finally the ethno symbolist approach explains why and how nationalism is able to generate such a wide spread papular support.11 pursuant the theoretical explanation mentioned above .MNLF chairman NuRMisuarI has a

conformity with the ethno-symbolists approach .He was the action of Bangsamoro Islamic revolution towards self determination and who led the bangsamorowasnes to achieve the final ending victory and freedom by using a number of ethnie values consediring the bangsamoro symbols like the moro flag .MNLF Chairman nurmisuari had conceptualized this flag. The kalimatuttawhid(monotheistic word)inside the cresent as lailahaillah(there is no god but Allah)and (muhammadurrasulullah) -And Muhammad is a messenger of Allah symbolizes Islamic religion .The kris symbolizes the Bangsamoro weapon which was used as defense against colonial aggression and infidelity .The star

11

Fainur G. EstinoJairi, Misuaris Ideology a critical inquiry on the Islamicity of MNLF ethnic-orientedpagluwas-lungsad (struggle).Thesis most of arts in Islamic studies ,Quezon city ,university of the Philippines Diliman, April 2007 p. 24

symbolizes one ration state and red color symbolizes .The blood of the Bangsamoromartyng were slained in the way of Allah (Jihah fee Sabalillah).They dedecated themselves in depending agama bangsaibanhulah (The Islamic religion the nation and the country ) This is true that values and symbols have played an important task on rationalism as theory stated above .This sample has pointed out towards finding how the Bangsamoroethnic values generate the strong support to the MNLF Islamic revolution for self determination .This is proven an the Bangsamoro strong support through pan-Islamic principle upon .The BangsamoroIslamic revolution

Instrumentalism theory
This theory is founded by Paul Brass.Brass theoretical framework is built upon a few basic assumption .The first concerns of the variability of ethnic identities ,Brass holds that there is nothing inevitable about the rise of ethnic identity and their transformation info rationalism .Secondly ethnic confides do not arise from cultural differences but from broader political and economic environment that also shapes the nature of competition between elite grouped ,thirdly this compotation will also influence the definition of the relevant ether groups and their persistence .this is because the cultural forms values and practices of ethnic groups become political resources for elite in their struggle for power and prestige. They are transformed into symbols that can facilitate the creation of a political identity and the generation of great support thus their meanings and contents are dependent a political circumstances.12

In correlation to the MNLF ,The Bangsamoro term is being used by chairman NurMisuari as identify of Bangsamoro people when he organized .The Bangsamoro Islamic revolution .This identify is a
12

Fainur G. EstinoJairi, Misuaris Ideology a critical inquiry on the Islamicity of MNLF ethnic-orientedpagluwas-lungsad (struggle).Thesis most of arts in Islamic studies ,Quezon city ,university of the Philippines Diliman, April 2007 p. 26

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nationalism doctrine he used in organizing Bangsamoro struggle together with Bangsamoro pan Islamic concept and principle .He made that the Bangsamoro is distinct ration of just

Internal colonialism theory

Of the various attempts to refine and tighter the concept that by Michael Hechterin his Internal colonialism theory is particularly significant. The argument offered by Hechterrefers to the emergence of elites from peripheral community as ethnic leaders who employ ethnicity as a resource whereby .They can mobilize support for ethnic nationalist political movements ethnic censuses these developed when it is articulated in the form of an ethnic nationalist ideology .The concept of internal colonialism is often criticized on the grounds that it seeks to explain ethnic nationalist movements solely as responses to economic deprivation .But the internal colonial state is the state which institutionalized such economic disparities by eructing system at political control over the deprived peripheral communities and such political control itself plays a crucial role in influencing the emergence of ethno nationalist response.13 This theory theme for conform on the emergence of the MNLF is an ethno nationalist movement: MNLF Chairman NurMisuari in his ethnicity has based ideas under Bangsamoro pan-Islamic revolution the existence of the MNLF was to depend the Bangsamoro people against Philippine colonialism and colonial infidelity Bangsamoro mujahedeen must have to celebrate the Bangsamoro from the Philippine colonial aggression and oppression

13

Fainur G. EstinoJairi, Misuaris Ideology a critical inquiry on the Islamicity of MNLF ethnic-orientedpagluwas-lungsad (struggle).Thesis most of arts in Islamic studies ,Quezon city ,university of the Philippines Diliman, April 2007 p. 26, p. 27

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III- Conceptual Framework

PAN ISLAM

Bangsamoro Islamic Revolutionaries

Bangsamoro struggle towards Independence

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Independent variable

The conceptual framework of this study is composed of independent variable, dependent variable and intervening variable. The independent variable is about the concept of Pan-Islam as a unifying factor to unite the Tausug in participating the Bangsamoro Struggle. This concept of Pan Islam is a burning idealism and force of attraction thats why all the Bangsamoro tribes were participating the Bangsamoro struggle since 1968 under the organization of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). Islamic teaching on Islamic struggle or Islamic revolution is a main and center of Pan Islamic Burning idealism to call the attention mind and heart of the Bangsamoro people to join within the sacred objective of the Bangsamoro Islamic struggle towards independence MNLF chairman NurMisuari is a main character who is organizing the Bangsamoro struggle and revolution. He used to revel the concept of Agama ,Bangsa , Hulah (The religion , the nation and the country together with the concept of Pan Islamic to the Bangsamoro people. This concept was very strong to catch the sympathy and loyalty to dedicate and engage themselves towards the Bangsamoro cause and struggle in the way of ALLAH (Jihad fee sabulillah). The MNLF in 1908 revolutions objective only to reach the arriving of independence. The Bangsamoro had realized that the only key to achieve the Bangsamoro freedom is Islamic revolution. So the tendency is thatthe Bangsamoro Islamic revolutionaries had dedicated their Blood and soul either victory on to the graveyard in order to get the lasting freedom in the realm of the Bangsamoro Islamic independence state.

Intervening variable 13

The intervening variable is about the Bangsamoro Islamic Revolutionaries. Due to the strong impact of the Pan Islamic introduction and revelation by the MNLF , the Bansamoro People from NothernMinsupala to southern Minsupala had rushed themselves in participating since 1968 to the Bangsamoro struggle towards independence. They dedicated their blood soul and wealth in the way of ALLAH when they realized that the Islamic ideologically and they give value in the name of the sacred Islamic struggle and revolution. The Bangsamoro Islamic revolutionaries have their own principle under Islam and Pan Islamic teaching about the essence and the direction of the Bangsamoro Islamic struggle on how to reach the original objective of tribal fee sabilillah (struggle in the way of ALLAH called the final Bangsamoro Islamic independent state. This is the dream and the motive of the Bangsamoro Islamic struggle and revolution. The determination and patience of the Bangsamoro Islamic, revolutionaries are seen on their braveness in fighting until to the last drop of their blood. The resistance of theme is seen until now they are still marching to the goal of the said struggle. They are always anticipating that there will be the fruit and the final after math on result due to the blessing from ALLAH (got) of the sacred Bangsamoro Islamic holy struggle. Truly, there will be the fruit of the blood of the Moro Martyrs. The Bangsamoro Islamic revolutionaries today are still striving themselves in the way of ALLAH in order to indicate the internal colonial infidelity which actually occurred at the center core of the Bangsamoro society. The only solution for colonialization to de colonize is through just and Islamic revolution as the only process to center act the external colonialism and internal imperialism in the Bangsamoro people today needs discipline and realistic Mujahideen and Bangsamoro freedom fighter to march along the round of Jihad fee Sabilillah (struggle in the way of ALLAH).

Dependent variable
14

The dependent variable is about Bangsamoro struggle towards independence. When the concept of the Bangsamoro Pan Islamic entered to the mind of the Bangsamoro Islamic revolutionaries the result is the Bangsomoro struggle towards independence. But the Bangsamoro struggle is subject to be realized by the Moro people in order the cure the illness of the revolution. The Bangsamoro struggle is under to be realized its approach and strategy. The revolutionaries must have to regain their sentiment, loyalty sympathy and mostly the unity of heart and mind towards Bangsamoro Islamic struggle. The cause of the Bangsamoro struggle towards independence is due to the existence of the Philippine colonial infidelity and aggression. In response to their matter , the Bangsamoro had realized that the only way must to struggle in order de colonize the colonial transplantation of the Philippine colonialism and imperialism. The Bangsamoro people understand through Pan Islamic introduction and revelation that they should have to struggle this is the only way to final salvation and lasting peace if they could achieve that final Bangsamoro Islamic independent state.

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