Short circuit calculation reference data

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Primary Substation % Impedance Secondary Substation Impedance Data Copper Conductor Cable Reactance and Resistance Data Aluminum Conductor Cable Reactance and Resistance Data Square D Bus Duct Reactance and Resistance Data Rotating machine KVA and reactances for short circuit calculation These values were taken from several sources including Square D "Procedure for determining short circuit values in secondary electrical distribution systes" by Russell Ohlson. The values below can be easily revised to any values that the user desires.

Primary Substation % Impedance If specific information is not available use the following as a guide For transformers 501 to 10000kVA 3 phase and 501 to 5000kVA 1 phase
From American Standards Association Standard C57.12.10-1958 (Included in NEMA Transformer Standard TR-1-1962) Transformer High Voltage, V 2400 to 22900 26400 to 34400 43800 67000 Transformer Low Voltage 2400V and above 480V* 5.50% 5.75% 6% 6.25% 6.50% 6.75% 7%

* - generally pertains to all voltages 600V and below

Secondary Substation Impedance Data: High Voltage 15kV Max, Low Voltage 600V Max If specific information is not available use the following as a guide
Suggested X/R Ratio for S.C. Calcs 5 5 5.5 6 6 6 7 8 9 12 12

KVA, 3phase Advertise with ArcAd 112.5 150 225 300 400 500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500

NEMA Std., % General Range Imp. of Mfgrs. % Imp. 2 Min. 2 Min. 2 Min. 4.5 Min. Not Listed 4.5 Min. 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 2.3 - 5.2 2.7 - 5.1 4.4 - 5.0 4.5 - 6.0 4.5 - 6.0 4.5 - 6.0 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75

Suggested % Imp. 3 Min 3.5 Min 4.5 Min 4.5 Min 4.5 Min 5 Min 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75

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Note: NEMA industry standards allow a maximum manufacturing tolerance of +/- 7.5% of the specified transformer impedance value. However, any tolerance is usually ignored in short circuit calculations on the assumption that plus tolerance offers an extra margin of safety and minus tolerance is adequately compensated for by miscellaneous circuit impedances not specifically included in the calculations. But if desired, multiplying the specified impedance, reactance and resistance values by 0.925 will compensate for even the most adverse tolerance conditions. Check this for more transformer impedance and X/R data.

Copper Conductor Cable Reactance and Resistance Data: Typical Values - Use Exact data if Available. Line-To-Neutral mOhm per 100 feet
Three-Single Conductor Cables One Three Conductor Cable Not In In Magnetic Not In Conductor Size In Magnetic Duct Magnetic Duct Duct Magnetic Duct AWG or MCM Reactance Resistance React Resist React Resist React Resist "X" "R" "X" "R" "X" "R" "X" "R" 14 Solid 7.51 258 5.94 258 5.15 258 4.48 258 12 Solid 6.96 161 5.51 161 5.02 161 4.36 161 10 Solid 6.74 101 5.34 101 4.93 101 4.29 101 8 5.93 67.9 4.74 67.9 4.54 67.9 3.95 67.9 8 Solid 6.06 65.9 4.85 65.9 4.64 65.9 4.04 65.9 6 5.67 42.7 4.54 42.7 4.34 42.7 3.78 42.7 6 Solid 5.88 41.5 4.7 41.5 4.5 41.5 3.92 41.5 4 5.3 26.9 4.24 26.9 4.06 26.9 3.53 26.9 4 Solid 5.55 26.1 4.44 26.1 4.25 26.1 3.7 26.1 2 4.98 17 3.98 16.9 3.81 17 3.32 16.9 1 5.04 13.5 4.03 13.4 3.86 13.5 3.36 13.4 1/0 4.95 10.8 3.96 10.7 3.79 10.8 3.3 10.7 2/0 4.83 8.6 3.86 8.5 3.7 8.6 3.22 8.5 3/0 4.67 6.9 3.73 6.7 3.57 6.9 3.11 6.7 4/0 4.53 5.43 3.62 5.33 3.47 5.43 3.02 5.33 250 4.65 4.72 3.72 4.59 3.56 4.72 3.1 4.59 300 4.52 3.95 3.61 3.8 3.45 3.95 3.01 3.8 350 4.44 3.42 3.55 3.23 3.37 3.42 2.96 3.23 400 4.41 3.05 3.53 2.91 3.33 3.05 2.94 2.91 500 4.32 2.5 3.46 2.35 3.23 2.5 2.88 2.35 600 4.31 2.16 3.44 1.99 3.19 2.16 2.87 1.99 750 4.25 1.81 3.4 1.63 3.1 1.81 2.83 1.63 1000 4.19 1.53 3.35 1.35

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Copper Conductor Impedance, X/R and Component SCMVA Rating1) Calculator Configuration: Three-Single Conductor Cables Duct Type: In Magnetic Duct AWG or MCM size: 14 Solid Length, feet: System Voltage, V: # of Parallel Runs: 1
Calculate

Impedance, Ohm: X/R Ratio: Component SC MVA1):

Clear

1) Required when doing fault current analysis using MVA method

Aluminum Conductor Cable Reactance and Resistance Data: Typical Values - Use Exact data if Available. Line-To-Neutral mOhm per 100 feet
Three-Single Conductor Cables One Three Conductor Cable Not In In Magnetic Not In Conductor Size In Magnetic Duct Magnetic Duct Duct Magnetic Duct AWG or MCM Reactance Resistance React Resist React Resist React Resist "X" "R" "X" "R" "X" "R" "X" "R" 8 3.94 129.11 3.43 129.11 5.14 129.11 4.11 129.11 6 3.99 81.24 3.47 81.24 5.21 81.24 4.17 81.24 4 3.77 51.07 3.28 51.07 4.92 51.07 3.93 51.07 2 3.67 40.51 3.19 40.51 4.79 40.51 3.83 40.51 3 3.57 32.12 3.11 32.12 4.66 32.12 3.73 32.12 1 3.71 25.47 3.20 25.47 4.85 25.47 3.88 25.47 1/0 3.50 20.19 3.05 20.19 4.57 20.19 3.66 20.19 2/0 3.41 16.02 2.97 16.02 4.46 16.02 3.56 16.02 3/0 3.33 12.70 2.90 12.70 4.35 12.70 3.48 12.70 4/0 3.26 10.07 2.83 10.07 4.25 10.07 3.40 10.07 250 3.28 8.68 2.85 8.54 4.28 8.68 3.42 8.54 300 3.20 7.27 2.80 7.13 4.20 7.27 3.36 7.13 350 3.15 6.27 2.76 6.12 4.14 6.27 3.31 6.12 400 3.11 5.53 2.73 5.36 4.09 5.53 3.27 5.36 500 3.01 4.51 2.68 4.29 4.02 4.51 3.21 4.29 600 2.99 3.84 2.69 3.58 4.04 3.84 3.23 3.58 750 2.88 3.18 2.64 2.88 3.96 3.18 3.17 2.88

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1000 1250 1500 1750 2000

2.76 2.71 2.65 2.60 2.57

2.54 2.15 1.89 1.71 1.57

2.59 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.50

2.19 1.78 1.51 1.32 1.18

3.88 3.88 3.83 3.78 3.75

2.54 2.15 1.89 1.71 1.57

3.10 3.10 3.06 3.02 3.00

2.19 1.78 1.51 1.32 1.18

Aluminum Conductor Impedance, X/R and Component SCMVA Rating1) Calculator Configuration: Three-Single Conductor Cables Duct Type: In Magnetic Duct AWG or MCM size: 8 Length, feet: System Voltage, V: # of Parallel Runs: 1
Calculate

Impedance, Ohm: X/R Ratio: Component SC MVA1):

Clear

1) Required when doing fault current analysis using MVA method

Square D Bus Duct Reactance and Resistance Data Line-To-Neutral mOhm per 100 feet
Square D Feeder Duct Duct Current Aluminum Copper Rating, A Reactance Resistance React Resist "X" "R" "X" "R" 225 400 600 0.243 1.93 800 0.243 1.93 0.568 1.466 1000 0.468 1.52 0.243 1.215 1350 0.516 0.99 0.595 0.847 1600 0.094 0.87 0.618 0.571 2000 0.26 0.64 0.12 0.603 2500 0.147 0.514 0.3 0.415 3000 0.212 0.436 0.315 0.282 4000 0.184 0.31 0.212 0.184 Check this for more conductor impedance and X/R data. Square D Plug-In Duct Aluminum Copper React Resist React Resist "X" "R" "X" "R" 6.88 6.756 6.96 7.544 6.95 3.797 7.2 2.464 3.87 2.221 7.35 1.718 2.82 1.291 4.39 1.425 2.8 1.081 4.58 0.914

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Rotating machine KVA and reactances for short circuit calculation

Motor Specifications kV: Motor rated kV. HP: Motor horsepower. Motors may be represented individually or as a lumped group. FLA: The Full Load Amps. PF: Motor operating power factor. This is used with the Efficiency to determine kVA. Motor groups should use an average value of power factor. EFF: Motor operating efficiency. This is used with the Power Factor field to determine kVA. Motor groups should use an average value of efficiency. kVA/HP: The motor or motor group kVA rating per horsepower. This is a simple way of defining the kVA when full load amperes, or efficiency and power factor are not known. Typical values for standard efficiency motors are listed below: 1.0 kVA/HP - Induction < 100 HP and 0.8 PF Syn Motors 0.95 kVA/HP - Induction 100 < 999 HP 0.90 kVA/HP - Induction > 1000 HP 0.8 kVA/HP - Synchronous 1.0 PF Motor KVA Calculations There are three ways to calculate motor kVA. Below the kVA calculation methods are shown in priority order: If the FLA is known, the motor kVA should be determined by the following equation: KVA = (1.73)(FLA)(kV) If the FLA is not available and the kVA/HP is known, the motor kVA should be determined from the following equation: KVA = (HP)(kVA/HP) If both the FLA and the kVA/HP are not available, the motor kVA should be determined from the following equation: KVA = (HP)(0.746)/(EFF)(PF) Motor Short Circuit MVA Contribution Calculation Table below displays ANSI Standard impedances and interrupting duty multipliers. Code numbers are chosen according to the motor types, sizes and modeling method. Using the ANSI Code is the recommended method to determine motor impedances used for ANSI Standard short circuit calculations:

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Note: X" for induction motor groups >50 HP and <50 HP are typically assumed equal to 16.7%. Using the impedance multipliers, this corresponds to an equivalent motor contribution of 3.6 to 4.8 times the full load current. X/R: The reactance to resistance ratio from the motor nameplate or manufacturer spec sheet [typical data]. X"dv: Subtransient reactance in percent on the motor HP base. Normally this is 16.7% for induction motors. Average subtransient reactances for three phase synchronous machines are: 0.09 for 2-pole turbine generators 0.2 for salient pole generators and motors 0.24 for air cooled condensers

Example: The short circuit MVA momentary contribution of the 15 MVA X"d=0.2 synchronous motor is equal to it's own MVA base (KVA time 1000) divided by it's own per unit impedance time the ANSI code multiplier from the ANSI Code table above: Write us at: SC MVA = (KVA)(1000)/(X"dv)(ANSI CODE MULTIPLYER) = 15 MVA / ( 0.2 x 1.0) = 75 SC MVA X/R = 15

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