14

14
Torsion Design Procedure
Design Example
Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET
Reinforced Concrete Design
Reinforced Concrete Design
S U R A N A R E E INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Analysis and Design for Torsion 2
Torsion Design Procedure
STEP 1: Design section based on M
u
and V
u
STEP 2: Neglect torsion if
/ 4
u cr
T T
STEP 3: Check combined shear and torsion
max
2.1
c
c
w
V
f
b d

| |

+
|
\
STEP 4: Torsional stirrup area
2
u
t
o yv
T s
A
A f
=
STEP 5: Combined stirrup for shear and torsion
2
v t v t
v t v t
A A A
s s s
+
+
= +
STEP 6: Longitudinal reinforcement for torsion
1.3
yv c cp yv
t t
l h h
yl yv yl
f f A f
A A
A p p
s f f s f

| | | |
=
| |
\ \
STEP 7: Combined long. steel for bending and torsion
, , , l total l bending l torsion
A A A = +
Example 1: The 8-m span beam carries a cantilever slab 1.5 m. The beam supports
a live load of 1.2 t/m along the beam centerline plus 200 kg/m
2
over the slab surface.
The effective depth of beam is 54 cm, and the distance from the surface to the
stirrup is 4 cm. f
c
= 280 kg/cm
2
, f
y
= 4,000 kg/cm
2
8 m 1.5 m
60 cm
30 cm
15 cm
Load from slab:
w
u
= 1.4(0.15)(2,400)(1.5)+1.7(200)(1.5) = 1,266 kg/m
Eccentricity = 1.5/2 = 0.75 m
Load from beam:
w
u
= 1.4(0.6)(0.3)(2,400)+1.7(1,200) = 2,645 kg/m
(1,266 2,645)(8.0)
15.6 ton
2 2 1,000
u
wL
V
+
= = =

(1,266)(0.75)(8.0)
3.80 t-m
2 2 1,000
t
u
w L
T = = =

T
u
Diagram
3.80 t-m
3.80 t-m
8.00 m
2 2
(1,266 2,645)(8.0)
25.0 t-m
10 10 1,000
u
w L
M
+
= = =

Flexural Design
2
2 2
25(1,000)(100)
31.8 kg/cm
0.9(30)(54)
u
n
M
R
bd
= = =

min
= 0.0035,
max
= 0.0229
0.85 2
1 1 0.0086
0.85
c n
y c
f R
f f

| |

= =
|

\
OK
A
l,flexure
= bd = 0.0086(30)(54) = 13.9 cm
2
Shear Design
0.85(0.53) 280(30)(54) /1,000
12.2 ton < [ 15.6 ton] required stirrup
c
u
V
V
=
= =
15.6 12.2 3.4 ton
s u c
V V V = = =
3.4(1,000)
0.0185 cm
0.85(4,000)(54)
s v
y
V A
s f d
= = =
Cracking Torque
60 cm
45 cm
1.50 m
15 cm
30 cm
45 cm < 4 t
A
cp
= (30)(60)+(15)(45) = 2,475 cm
2
p
cp
= 2(60+75) = 270 cm
2
0.27 0.85 280 2,475
/ 4 0.87 t-m
270 1,000 100
cr
T

= =

Since T
u
> T
cr
/4 , need torsion reinforcement
For overhanging flange
use the smaller of
(a) Projection of beam
(b) 4 times slab thickness
Check combined shear & torsion
b
w
d = (30)(54) = 1,620 cm
2
x
o
= 30 - 2(4) = 22 cm
y
o
= 60 - 2(4) = 52 cm
A
oh
= x
o
y
o
= (22)(52) = 1,144 cm
2
A
o
= 0.85(1,144) = 972.4 cm
2
p
h
= 2(22+52) = 148 cm
2 2
2
15.6 3.8 100 148 0.85
(0.53 2.1) 280
1,620 1.7 1,144 1,000

| | | |
+ +
| |

\ \
0.0271 t/cm
2
< 0.0374 t/cm
2
OK
Torsional stirrup area
/ 3.8 1,000 100
0.0575 cm
2 0.85 2 4,000 972.4
t u
yv o
A T
s f A

= = =

Combined stirrup
2 0.0185 2(0.0575)
0.1335 [3.5 / 0.026]
v t t v
v t v t
w yv
A A A
s s s
b f
+
+
= + = +
= > = OK
Select close stirrup DB12 (A
v+t
= 2(1.13) = 2.26 cm
2
)
s = 2.26/0.1335 = 16.9 cm < [p
h
/8 = 18.5 cm] < 30 cm OK
USE Stirrup DB12 @0.16 m
Longitudinal Steel
2
0.0575(148) 8.51 cm
yv
t
l h
yl
f
A
A p
s f
| |
= = =
|
|
\
2
,min
1.33 280(2,475)
8.51 5.26 cm
4,000
l l
A A = = < OK
1.8 1.8(30)
0.0575 0.0135
4,000
t w
yv
A b
s f
(
(
= = =
(
(


OK
Total Longitudinal Steel
Bending: A
l
= 13.9 cm
2
(Top reinforcement)
Torsion: A
l
= 8.51 cm
2
(Distributed along perimeter)
Provide 4DB16 in the bottom half of beam
60 cm
30 cm
To satisfy 30 cm max. spacing of A
l
and add 8.51 4(2.01) = 0.47 cm
2
to flexural steel
Steel area required at top = 13.9 + 0.47 = 14.37 cm
2
USB 3DB25 (A
s
= 14.73 cm
2
)
2 2
(1,266 2,645)(8.0)
17.87 t-m
14 14 1,000
u
w L
M
+
= = =

At midspan:
Required A
s
= 9.68 cm
2
(2DB25)
Section @Supports
60 cm
3DB25
2DB25
DB12 @0.16 m
30 cm
2DB16