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Zeolite Mineralogy gy
Zeolites are framework silicates, with a completely linked framework of tetrahedra tetrahedra, each consisting of 4 O2surrounding a cation (usually Si4+ or Al3+) The framework contains open cavities in the form of channels and cages Channels and cages are occupied by H2O molecules and extra-framework extra framework cations (K+, Na+, Ca+ and others) that are commonly exchangeable Channels are large enough to allow passage of guest species In the hydrated phases, dehydration occurs at temperatures mostly below 400oC and is largely reversible (Gunter, 2001)
From Armbruster & Gunter, 2001, Crystal Structures of Natural Zeolites, RIMG, v. 45
Schematic illustration of how a zeolite sieve separates p a straight-chain g hydrocarbon (octane) from a branching-chain hydrocarbon (isooctane).
Structure of Heulandite-Clinoptilolite
Ten-membered and 8membered tetrahedral rings form channels parallel to the c-axis c-axis. Small green spheres represent Na, larger light blue spheres represent K, small yellow spheres represent Ca, large blue spheres represent H2O molecules.
From Armbruster & Gunter, 2001 C 2001, Crystal t l St Structures t of f Natural Zeolites, RIMG, v. 45
(Na,K,Ca0.5)7[Al7Si29O72].22H2O
Zeolite Crystals
Zeolite Crystals
Scolecite on Stilbite
CaAl2Si3O103H2O NaCa4[Al9Si27O72]30H2O
Mesolite Na2Ca2Al6Si9O308H2O
Zeolite Crystals
Zeolite Crystals
Properties of Zeolites
Uses of Zeolites
Ammonium ion removal in waste stream treatment, sewage treatment, pet litter and aquaculture Odor control Heavy H metal t li ion removal lf from nuclear, l mine, and industrial wastes Agricultural use, such as soil conditioner and animal feed supplement
Klein, 2002
Uses of Zeolites
See La roca magica: Uses of natural zeolites in agriculture and industry FREDERICK A A. MUMPTON Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Vol. 96, pp. 34633470, March 1999 Colloquium Paper
Construction Applications
Dimension stone altered tuff has for millennia been cut into blocks and used as g stone ( (low density, y high g p porosity, y a building homogeneity, low cost) Pozzolanic cement ( (pozzolan, pozzolanic =
a siliceous-aluminous material that will, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, react with CaOH to form a cement (Webster))
Dimension Stone
Castel Nuovo (Naples, Italy) constructed of tuffo giallo napolitano (Mumpton 1999) [the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (12ka): eruption of Vesuvius and caldera collapse]
Mumpton 1999
Agricultural Applications
Animal nutrition and food additive Agronomy and Horticulture A Aquaculture lt Animal-waste Treatment
Mumpton 1999
Zeoponics Zeoponics
Its It s a new kind of growth medium developed by NASA for space travel Its name is from zeolite and hydroponic Its a growth medium with nutrients Its a nutrient delivery system Its an additive that makes other growth g media more effective in growing plants
Zeoponics
See http://www.zeoponix.com/ As a result of a Small Business Innovative Research contract with NASA, ZeoponiX, a small company in Louisville CO Louisville, CO, manufactures ZeoProTM, a combination of a nutrient-charged zeolite and slowly dissolving substances that contain phosphorous and other nutrients Zeoponics p is expected p to be applied pp on the International Space Station and in future missions to extra-terrestrial bodies, such as Mars and the Moon
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
PO43-
Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl)
Clinoptilolite Structure
Mumpton 1999
Mumpton 1999
Other Applications
Consumer Products Medical Applications
Mumpton 1999
Structure of Heulandite-Clinoptilolite
Ten-membered and 8membered tetrahedral rings form channels parallel to the c-axis c-axis. Small green spheres represent Na, larger light blue spheres represent K, small yellow spheres represent Ca, large blue spheres represent H2O molecules.
(Na,K,Ca0.5)7[Al7Si29O72].22H2O