Professional Documents
Culture Documents
REFERENCE GUIDE
Software version 2.0, July 2008 Prague, Czech Republic Copyright 2008 ComAp s.r.o. Written by Vladimir Sebian and Libor indel
ComAp, spol. s r.o. Kundratka 2359/17, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic Tel: +420 2 246 012 111, Fax: +420 2 66 31 66 47 E-mail: info@comap.cz, www.comap.cz
1. Contents
1. 2. 3. Contents..................................................................................................................................................2 Technical Specification ...........................................................................................................................3 NPU Technical Specification .......................................................................................................................4 NPU Mechanical Design .............................................................................................................................5 Installation ...............................................................................................................................................6 Power Supply ..............................................................................................................................................6 Analog Inputs ..............................................................................................................................................6 Output Relays..............................................................................................................................................6 The NPU Unit Wiring Diagram ....................................................................................................................7 Connection NPU Unit to phase-to-neutral voltage..................................................................................7 Connection NPU Unit to phase-to-phase voltage ...................................................................................8 Function ..................................................................................................................................................9 Protection types...........................................................................................................................................9 Overvoltage protection............................................................................................................................9 Undervoltage protection..........................................................................................................................9 Overfrequency protection........................................................................................................................9 Underfrequency protection....................................................................................................................10 Voltage asymmetry protection ..............................................................................................................10 Vector shift supervision.........................................................................................................................10 Phase sequence supervision ....................................................................................................................11 Frequency measurement ..........................................................................................................................11 Internal watchdog ......................................................................................................................................11 Output Relays............................................................................................................................................11 Example: Evaluation of under voltage protection, B3=0 ...........................................................................14 Vector Shift Protection...............................................................................................................................15 Settings .................................................................................................................................................17 Buttons ......................................................................................................................................................17 Display and LEDs......................................................................................................................................17 Parameters settings ..................................................................................................................................17 Displayed Quantities and Parameters ..................................................................................................18 Set A:.........................................................................................................................................................18 Default setting .......................................................................................................................................19 Set B:.........................................................................................................................................................20 Default setting .......................................................................................................................................21 Order codes ..........................................................................................................................................22
4.
5.
6.
7.
2. Technical Specification
The NPU unit is designed for 3-phase mains protection. The operator can switch on/off available protections or adjust limits and time delays for each protection. The operator can also select one of two functions of output relays. Rated voltages are 100, 230, 400, 480 VAC selected by order - see order codes. Measuring voltage frequency range is from 44 up to 68 Hz. NPU power supply voltage can be in the range 90 250 VAC or 16 110 VDC selected by order - see order codes. NPU offers following protections: Over frequency protection f>, f>> Under frequency protection f<, f<< Over voltage protection U>, U>> Under voltage protection U<, U<< Phase sequence supervision Voltage asymmetry protection Vector shift supervision
NPU
ERR
PWR
75,0
L1 L2 L3
100,0
11 5
5
Set
,0
3. Installation
Power Supply
There are two power supplies available for NPU units see also chapter 7 Order codes: NPU FUV/YYY/230VAC power supply is in range 90 250 VAC NPU FUV/YYY/24VDC power supply is in range 16 110 VDC Power supply polarity is not important in the case of DC power. The terminal PE is only as an antiinterference terminal.
Analog Inputs
The rated voltage (100, 230, 400, 480 VAC) is selected by order. Terminals are designed for connection of either phase-to-phase or phase-to-neutral voltage measurement. For connection see wiring diagram.
Output Relays
See wiring diagram. Relays on figure are without supply voltage (failure situation)
11 14 12
21 24 22 31 34 32 41 44 42
A1 PE
A2
POWER SUPPLY
11 14 12
21 24 22 31 34 32 41 44 42
A1 PE
A2
POWER SUPPLY
4. Function
Protection types
Overvoltage protection
The protection responds to raising the voltage above set threshold with its own delay (see the description below and the Set A table on page 18 as well). Limits can be set for any phase extra. By setting zero value the protection is switched off. See the correspondings parameters: The first stage of overvoltage threshold: Overvoltage limit 1 L1 A15 Overvoltage limit 1 L2 A16 Overvoltage limit 1 L3 A17 Overvoltage delay 1 A18 The second stage of overvoltage threshold: Overvoltage limit 2 L1 A19 Overvoltage limit 2 L2 A20 Overvoltage limit 2 L3 A21 Overvoltage delay 2 A22
Undervoltage protection
The protection responds to voltage drop under set threshold with its own delay (see the description below and the Set A table on page 18 as well). Limits can be set for any phase extra. By setting zero value the protection is switched off. The first stage of undervoltage threshold: Undervoltage limit 1 L1 A23 Undervoltage limit 1 L2 A24 Undervoltage limit 1 L3 A25 Undervoltage delay 1 A26 The second stage of undervoltage threshold: Undervoltage limit 2 L1 A27 Undervoltage limit 2 L2 A28 Undervoltage limit 2 L3 A29 Undervoltage delay 2 A30
Overfrequency protection
The protection responds to raising frequency above set threshold with its own delay (see the description below and the Set A table on page 18 as well). Limit is common for all three phases. By setting zero value the protection is switched off.
The first stage of overfrequency threshold: Overfrequency limit 1 A7 Overfrequency delay 1 A8 The second stage of overfrequency threshold: Overfrequency limit 2 A9 Overfrequency delay 2 A10
Underfrequency protection
The protection responds to fall frequency under set threshold with its own delay (see the description below and the Set A table on page 18 as well). Limit is common for all three phases. By setting zero value the protection is switched off. The first stage of underfrequency threshold: Underfrequency limit 1 A11 Underfrequency delay 1 A12 The second stage of underfrequency threshold: Underfrequency limit 2 A13 Underfrequency delay 2 A14
10
Frequency measurement
The frequency is measured in one phase. NPU selects the phase where voltage exceeds 10% of rated value. If the voltage is not high enough sufficient in any phase then both LEDs overfrequency/underfrequency are red flashing. The frequency cannot to be measured. In this case zero delayed failure is evaluated. Hint: Previous error (red LED) indication is cleared when: No phase voltage is sufficient for measuring Phase sequence error is detected
Internal watchdog
To increase the operating safety the internal watchdog and parameters consistency checks are installed. Flashing of LED ERR indicates NPUs internal failure. Check all adjusted parameters. If ERR is still flashing, send NPU for repair.
Output Relays
There are two functions of the output relays: RE1, RE2, RE3 and RE4. The actual function can be chosen by parameter B3 (See table Set B below).
Relay RE1:
The RE1 relay opens at any new failure without delay. It closes back after the time given by parameter B4. Another failure during B4 time has no effect.
Relay RE2:
The RE2 relay opens at any failure with delay given by active protection (see the Set A table on page 18 as well): Overfrequency delay 1 A8 Overfrequency delay 2 A10 Underfrequency delay 1 A12 Underfrequency delay 2 A14 Overvoltage delay 1 A18 Overvoltage delay 2 A22 Undervoltage delay 1 A26 Undervoltage delay 2 A30 Voltage asymetry delay A32 NPU, SW Version 2.0, ComAp, July 2008 NPU-2.0.PDF
11
The RE2 relay opens immediately when Vector shift protection is activated. RE2 closes back after the time given by parameter B5. The relay doesnt open (doesnt indicate a new failure) until all active failures are gone. LED ERR copies the state of RE2. In example on the following drawing there are the A26, A30 - Under voltage delays.
Relay RE3:
The relay RE3 opens at any failure with delay given by active protection (see the Set A table on page 18 as well): Overfrequency delay 1 A8 Overfrequency delay 2 A10 Underfrequency delay 1 A12 Underfrequency delay 2 A14 Overvoltage delay 1 A18 Overvoltage delay 2 A22 Undervoltage delay 1 A26 Undervoltage delay 2 A30 Voltage asymetry delay A32 The RE3 relay opens immediately when Vector shift protection is activated. RE3 stays opened until any failure is active and closes back immediately when no failure is active or with delay B6 in the case of vector shift protection. In example on the following drawing it is Under voltage delay A26, A30.
Relay RE4:
The relay RE4 opens at any failure with delay given by active protection (see the Set A table on page 18 as well): Overfrequency delay 1 A8 Overfrequency delay 2 A10 Underfrequency delay 1 A12 Underfrequency delay 2 A14 Overvoltage delay 1 A18 Overvoltage delay 2 A22 Undervoltage delay 1 A26 Undervoltage delay 2 A30 Voltage asymetry delay A32 The RE4 relay opens immediately when Vector shift protection is activated. RE4 closes after the time given by parameter B4. The relay operates similar as RE2, but indicates any new failure. This feature is available from software version 1.5 (see parameter B11 to find your software version). In example on the following drawing it is Under voltage delay A26, A30.
12
The RE1 relay will close back after the period of the failure + the period of the timer B4. Note: When the failure has gone the relay stays open till the "additional" timer period will elapse and then the relay will close back.
Relay RE2:
The RE2 relay opens at Underfrequency or Overfrequency failure with delay given by (see the Set A table on page 18 as well): Overfrequency delay 1 A8 Overfrequency delay 2 A10 Underfrequency delay 1 A12 Underfrequency delay 2 A14 The RE2 relay will close back after the period of the failure + the period of the timer B5.
Relay RE3:
The RE3 relay opens at Vector shift failure immediately. The RE3 relay will close back after the period of the failure + the period of the timer B6. There is a dead time for Vector shift sensing after a voltage measurement input connection during a time given by the A34 delay
Relay RE4:
The RE4 relay opens at both incorrect phase sequence or NPUs internal failure immediately. The RE4 relay will close back after the period of the failure. Note: If there is no power supply, all relays are opened.
13
U[V]
L2 L1
<A26 <A18
Relay RE2
Open Close
t[s]
A26 A18
Relay RE3
Open Close
B4 B5
t[s]
t[s]
t[s]
B3 B4 Relay RE4
Open Close
B3 B4
B3 B4
t[s]
A26 A18
B3 B4
A26 A18
B3 B4
t[s]
14
Measuring principle
voltage (mains voltage)
When a synchronous alternator is loaded, the rotor displacement angle is build between the terminal g and the synchronous electromotive force e. Therefore a voltage difference U is built between e and g. The rotor displacement angle between stator and rotor is depending on mechanical moving torque of the generator shaft. The mechanical shaft power is balanced with the electrical feeder mains power and therefore the synchronous speed keeps constant.
Ue
Ug
l1
l2
Ue
Ug
Mains
Generator
Mains/Load
In case of mains failure or auto reclosing the generator suddenly feeds a very high consumer load. The rotor displacement angle is decreased repeatedly and the voltage vector g changes its direction to g.
Ue
Ug
Ug
l1
Ue
U g
Mains
Generator
Load
At mains failure
15
As shown in the timing diagram the voltage jumps to an other value and the phase position changes. This procedure is named phase or vector surge. NPU continuously measures the cycles, starting each zero up ward slope. The time cycle is internally compared to the quartz table reference time. In case of vector surge the zero up ward is delayed and the device trips instantaneously. The trip angle and consequently the sensitivity of the vector surge detection is adjustable.
Measuring principle
16
5. Settings
Buttons
Parameters and quantities are divided into two sets. For transfer from one set to the other press MODE button for 5 seconds. See tables for these sets. Items (parameters and quantities) in tables are in the same sequence as on display. If the SET button is available (the SET button can be protected with panel fixed by two seals), parameters can be adjusted by pressing of SET button. For transfer between items use (up arrow) or (down arrow).
Parameters settings
Press the SET button and the first digit starts flashing. The flashing digit can be changed by pressing (+1) and (-1) buttons. The next digit is selected by pressing MODE button. If the required parameter value is displayed press the SET button again and the new value is stored. If a new value is out of allowed range the NPU sets it to proximate value. Caution: a new value is applied immediately.
17
099,98 0,02 [s] 099,98 0,02 [s] 099,98 0,02 [s] 099,98 0,02 [s]
18
A33 A34
Green U Yellow U
050
[]
Default setting
No. A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7, A9 A8, A10 A9, A13 A10, A14 A11, A19 A12, A20 A13, A21 A14, A22 A15, A27 A16, A28 A17, A29 A18, A30 A31 A32 A33 A34 Quantity (parameter) 100V Frequency in L1, L2, L3 Voltage L1 Voltage L2 Voltage L3 Max. phase asymmetry Max. vector shift in L1, L2, L3 Overfrequency limit Overfrequency delay Underfrequency limit Underfrequency delay Overvoltage limit L1 Overvoltage limit L2 Overvoltage limit L3 Overvoltage delay Undervoltage limit L1 Undervoltage limit L2 Undervoltage limit L3 Undervoltage delay Voltage asymmetry limit Asymmetry delay Vector shift limit Vector shift evaluation delay on voltage connection Rated voltage 230V 400V 480V
52 (62) Hz 52 (62)Hz 52 (62) Hz 2,5 s 2,5 s 2,5 s 48 (58) Hz 48 (58) Hz 48 (58) Hz 2,5 s 2,5 s 2,5 s 110 V 253 V 440 V 110 V 253 V 440 V 110 V 253 V 440 V 2,5 s 2,5 s 2,5 s 85 V 196 V 340 V 85 V 196 V 340 V 85 V 196 V 340 V 2,5 s 2,5 s 2,5 s 15 V 30 V 60 V 2,5 s 2,5 s 2,5 s 20 20 20 2,5 s 2,5 s 2,5 s
52 (62) Hz 2,5 s 48 (58) Hz 2,5 s 528 V 528 V 528 V 2,5 s 432 V 432 V 432 V 2,5 s 60 V 2,5 s 20 2,5 s
19
Set B:
No. B1 B2 B3 B4 Quantity (parameter) Failure time signaling (red LEDs flashing time) Display switch off time Function of the output relays RE1 RE4 When B3=0: Relay RE1, RE4 switch off time; When B3=1: Relay RE1 switch off time after failure B5 When B3=0: Relay RE2 switch off time When B3=1: Relay RE2 switch off time after failure B6 When B3=0 or B3=1: Relay RE3 switch off time after vector shift protection Max. vector shift in L1, L2, L3 (from manual reset) Angle between L1 and L2 Angle between L2 and L3 Display and LEDs brightness Software release Display and LEDs test All LEDs yellow (no failure) ERR red Time delays are set with step 0.02 s (without relay drop out time - c. 0.01 s has to be added). The Max. vector shift (A6) is the highest measured value between data recovery on display. The Max. vector shift (B7) is the highest measured value between manual resets. This could be used for a long-term monitoring of the grids vector shifts. Reset of B7: Set zero like in the other parameters. Setting zero bold typed parameters switches off the appropriate protection. Exception: B2 set to zero makes the display shining continuously. Flash. yellow U Yellow L1, L2, L3 Yellow L1, L2 Yellow L2, L3 0 9 1 1 1 [] [] 099,98 0,02 [s] Flash. yellow L1, L3 099,98 0,02 [s] Front panel signals Flashing green L1,L2 Flashing green L1, L3 Flash. yellow L1, L2, L3 Flash. yellow L1, L2 099,98 0,02 [s] 0 1 1 09999 1 [min] Characters Limits Step Unit on display 09999 1 [min]
0 0
[]
20
Default setting
No. B1 B2 B3 B4 Quantity (parameter) Failure time signaling (red LEDs flashing time) Display switch off time Function of the output relays RE1 RE4 When B3=0: Relay RE1, RE4 switch off time; When B3=1: Relay RE1 switch off time after failure B5 When B3=0: Relay RE2 switch off time When B3=1: Relay RE2 switch off time after failure B6 When B3=0 or B3=1: Relay RE3 switch off time after vector shift protection Max. vector shift in L1, L2, L3 (from manual reset) Angle between L1 and L2 Angle between L2 and L3 Display and LEDs brightness Software release Display and LEDs test 2,5 s 5s Default 2880 min 10 min 0 5s
21
7. Order codes
NPU - FUV / YYY / ZZZ YYY ZZZ measurement range: 100 / 230 / 400 / 480 power supply range: 230VAC / 24VDC Voltage asymmetry protection Frequency protection Voltage protection VAC
Order code
230VAC 24VDC 230V 230VAC 24VDC 480V 230VAC 24VDC 480V 230VAC 24VDC
22