DYNAMICS OF MACHINES TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENT 7 (Mechanical Vibrations)

Q. 1 Undamped Free Vibrations: A U-tube, open to atmosphere at both ends contains a column length l of a certain liquid. Find the natural period of oscillation of the liquid column. Ans.: n = Q. 2

2g / l

Q. 3

Damped Free Vibrations: Between a solid mass of 10kg and the floor are kept two slabs of isolators in the form of natural rubber and felt one above the other (springs/dampers in series). The values of stiffness and viscous damping coefficients are 3000 N/m, 100 N-s/m for rubber and 12000 N/m, 330 N-s/m for felt. Neglecting the mass of the isolators, determine the undamped and damped natural frequencies of the system in the vertical direction. Hint: ke = 2400 N/m; ce = 77 Ns/m; Ans.: 15.49 rad/s (2.47 Hz); 15 rad/s (2.39 Hz). A gun barrel of mass 400 kg has a recoil spring of stiffness 250000 N/m. If the barrel recoils 1.5m on firing, determine: (a) The initial recoil velocity of the barrel. (b) Critical damping coefficient of the dashpot which is engaged at the end of the recoil stroke. (c) The time required for the barrel to return to a position 15cm from the initial position from the time of firing the shell.

Hint: (a) (c)

1 2 1 2 mv = kx v = 1.5 250000 / 400 ; (b) cc = 2 km 2 2

time:

Recoil

n = k / m = 25 rad / s = 2 / n = 0.251s t = / 4 = 0.063s

n t

Equation becomes: x = (C1 + C 2 t )e

x = (1.5 + 37.5t )e 25t ;

Q. 4

Find t for x=0.15 by trial. [Make a table taking t as independent variable and x dependent variable] Ans.: (a) 37.5m/s (b) 20000 Ns/m (c) 0.063+0.155 = 0.218s Forced Vibrations: The damped natural frequency of a system as obtained from a free vibration test is 9.8 Hz. During the forced vibration test with constant exciting force on the same system, the maximum amplitude of vibration is found to be at 9.6 Hz. Find the damping factor and the natural frequency of the system. Hint: d = n 1 2 ; p = n 1 2 2 ; Ans.: 0.196, 10 Hz.

Q. 5

Q. 6

A periodic torque having a maximum value of 0.588 Nm at a frequency correspnding to 4 rad/s is impressed upon a flywheel suspended from a wire. The wheel has a moment of inertia of 0.12 kgm2 and the wire has a stiffness of 1.176 Nm/rad. A viscous dashpot applies damping couple of 0.392 Nm at an angular velocity of 1 rad/s. Calculate: (a) Maximum angular displacement from rest position. (b) Maximum couple applied to dashpot. (c) Angle by which the angular displacement lags the torque. Ans.: (a) 0.338 rad (b) 0.53 Nm (c) 115.3 Whirling and critical speed of shafts: A rotor having a mass of 5kg is mounted midway on a 1cm diameter shaft supported at the ends by two bearings. The bearing span is 40cm. Because of certain manufacturing inaccuracies, the cg of the disc is 0.02 mm away from the geometric centre of the rotor. If the system rotates at 3000rpm, find the amplitude of steady state vibrations and the dynamic force transmitted to the bearings. Neglect damping. Take E = 1.96X1011 N/m2. Hint: I = d4/64 = 4.9X10-10; Stiffness, k = 48EI/l3 = 72158 N/m. Ans.: -0.0234mm; 1.68N.