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Fracturing for Sand Control: How Hydraulic Fracturing has Changed S d Control Sand C t l
Raymond Tibbles
Schlumberger Oilfield Services
Has fracturing improved our ability to d li delivered d these th goals. l A And d can it continue ti to do so in the future?
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Fracturing F t i
Screenless Frac Pack High Hi h R Rate t W Water t P Pack k (HRWP) Frac Pack Frac F followed f ll db by Expandable E d bl S Screen
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Propped Fracture
Propped Fracture
HRWP Completions
Application
Wells where height growth is a concern Equipment for frac pack is not available
Sandstone
Sandstone
IPTC 11166 SPE 103779 SPE 110359 SPE 111455 SPE 30093 SPE 30115 SPE 30470 SPE 31475 SPE 36423 SPE 36459 SPE 38592 SPE 39478 SPE 63107 SPE 68753 SPE 73722 SPE 77434 SPE 78322 SPE 84259 SPE 86530 SPE 87199 SPE 96307 Grand Total
4 8 2 1 17 7 36 17 12 8 10 10 4 25 35 6 4 10 1 31 7 255
150%
200%
Flow Efficiency
10
12
A B C
A B C
Region A
Region B
Region C
Region A
Region B
Region C
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PI (blpd/psi)
4 2 0 600
400
Time (days)
50% of the PI is lost in the first year. (26 lb/ft gravel)
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Skin n
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200 ft2
H = 92 feet Rw = 8.5 inch Perf diameter = 0.83 inch Shot density = 21 spf
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8000
10000
Every formation has a different critical fines movement velocity. This is one case where it was 0.00029 ft/sec 18
For this e example ample there appears to be a link between gravel mass and Normalized PI. This is not always the case.
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Near wellbore temperature cool down from injection of pre-frac and frac-pack fluids.
300 1st Calib 280 260 Acid 240 220 200 180 190oF 160 140 120 1900 2000 12000
2nd Calib
BHT ( OF )
2200
2300
20
T Ti TD = Tr Ti
BHT ( O OF )
190 F
1900
2000
2200
2300
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Rate (M MMCFD)
A1 A2 A3 A4 B1 B2 B3*
*Tubing Limited
Well
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Proper precautions minimize even severe risk. (SPE 73776 Guichard et al.) al ) SPE 85259 deals with one of the most t difficult diffi lt cases.
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SPE 95987 8 ft shale with water below S Small frac f pad Small slurry stage Fracture did not break through the shale
Tracer Log
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Treatment Data
Fluid: 30 lb borate xlink Gravel: 16/20 LWC Placed: Pl d 1243 lbs/ft lb /ft
Results
Produced P d d via i ESP Post FP PI/Pre FP PI: 1.04 Post FP Skin: -0 0.5 5
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Oilfield Review, Review Summer 2001 (BP, (BP Chevron, Chevron EniAgip, EniAgip M M-I I, Repsol-YPF, Schlumberger, Shell, Stone Energy, Texaco)
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0.888 L Q Q 13 P = + 9.110 L KA A
Where: A = Perf Cross-Sectional Area (Ft2) B = Inertia Coefficient (Ft-1)
90
10
P
K L Q
= = = = = =
Differential Pressure (psi) Permeability (Darcies) Length Of Perforation (ft) Viscosity (Centipoise) Flow Rate (B/D) Density Of Fluid (lb/Ft3)
Sd HRWP Sd FP
All Cases
FP = 18 HRWP = 55*
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Permeability (mD)
Oil
SPE 78322 Total Angola: g
FP 15,000 25,000 bopd (800-2700 mD)
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> 1500 ft TVD 15,000 ft 33, 000 ft BHP 13 ppg 15.2 ppg BHT 160 OF 310 F
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p 2fV = L D
T Temperature t and d Pressure: P Still struggling t li to provide a high density fluid that can work at 325+ F
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Conclusions
Sand Control fracturing completions have clearly shown increased productivity in many different environments. Many of the challenges to using fracturing have already been overcome
Unwanted water/gas High permeability formations Application in developing areas
Questions?
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