MECH ENG 4H03 NOTE:

Practice Problem Set 1

Please show your work and include all relevant equations.

1. The data listed in the table below was collected from a pressure sensor for the purposes of calibration. Note that the mean sensor output is given. The standard deviation of the sensor output was not affected by the pressure input, and equalled 0.05 V. a) Fit a straight calibration line (by linear regression) of the form Y=AX to the sensor data using the equations from the notes. b) Plot a clearly labelled graph of the pressure indicated by the sensor vs. the actual pressure. On the same set of axes, plot the indicated pressure for an ideal sensor (i.e. one which is perfectly accurate) for purposes of comparison. c) Determine values for the following performance specifications: i) accuracy, ii) sensitivity, iii) hysteresis, iv) non-linearity, v) repeatability and vi) dead band. d) Repeat parts a), b) and c) (in their entirety) for a calibration line of the form Y=AX+B. e) What is the advantage(s) and disadvantage(s) of using an AX+B fit rather than an AX fit?

Test # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Pressure Input (kPa) 0 12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5 100 87.5 75 62.5 50 37.5 25 12.5 0

Mean Output (V) 0 0.3 0.9 1.62 2.52 3.72 4.8 5.4 6 5.7 5.28 4.5 3.6 2.4 1.32 0.48 0

Continued on next page...

2.

The response data for a temperature sensor is given in the table. The input was a step from 0 to 20C. Plot the response and determine the values of: a) Time constant, b) Response time, c) Rise time, and d) Settling time. Show your answers on your graph. Note: Zooming in on your plot will help you to get accurate values. Time (s) 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 Temp. Output (C) 0 7.87 12.64 15.54 17.29 18.36 19.00 19.40 19.63 19.78 19.87 19.92 19.95

3.

The problem of loading effects is discussed on pages 37-38 of the course notes. In this question you are given a temperature sensor but the value of its internal resistance Rs is unknown. The temperature of the sensor is held constant. You connect a 10,000 resister across the sensor terminals and the measured voltage is 5.0V. You then connect a 5,000 and the voltage drops to 4.95V. (a) Calculate the internal resistance of this sensor. (b) For the same temperature, what is the percentage error due to loading effects when Rin=20,000? List, with justification, the four performance specifications that you think would have the greatest difference in relative magnitude, and what the relative magnitudes would be, for the following pairs of sensor applications: a) A temperature sensor for a doctor's thermometer vs. one for a home thermostat. b) A force sensor for determining if a clothes washing machine is overloaded vs. one for weighing packages in a post office.

4.