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PROTECTING Manufactured Homes in Flood Hazard Areas
A Multi-Hazard Foundation and Installation Guide

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REFERENCES

FEMA, Installing Seismic Restraints for Mechanical Equipment (FEMA 412), December 2002. FEMA, Managing Floodplain Development in Approximate A Zone Areas, A Guide for Obtaining and Developing Base (100-year) Flood Elevations, (FEMA 265), July 1995. FEMA, Mitigation Assessment Team Report: Hurricane Ike in Texas and Louisiana, Building Performance Observations, Recommendations, and Technical Guidance (FEMA P-757), April 2009. FEMA, Mitigation Assessment Team Report: Hurricane Ivan in Alabama and Florida, Observations, Recommendations, and Technical Guidance (FEMA 489), August 2005. FEMA, Mitigation Planning How-to Guides (FEMA 386), May 2005. FEMA, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures (FEMA 450), 2003 Edition. FEMA, Protecting Building Utilities from Flood Damage (FEMA 348), November 1999. FEMA, Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building A Safe Room for Your Home or Small Business (FEMA 320, 3rd Edition), August 2008. FEMA, Technical Bulletin 1, Openings in Foundation Walls and Walls of Enclosures Below Elevated Buildings in Special Flood Hazard Areas in accordance with the National Flood Insurance Program, August 2008. FEMA, Technical Bulletin 2, Flood Damage-Resistant Materials Requirements for Buildings Located in Special Flood Hazard Areas in accordance with the National Flood Insurance Program, August 2008. FEMA, Technical Bulletin 5, Free-of-Obstruction Requirements for Buildings Located in Coastal High Hazard Areas in accordance with the National Flood Insurance Program, August 2008. FEMA, Technical Bulletin 9, Design and Construction Guidance for Breakaway Walls Below Elevated Buildings Located in Coastal High Hazard Areas in accordance with the National Flood Insurance Program, August 2008. FEMA, Technical Bulletin 10-01, Ensuring That Structures Built on Fill In or Near Special Flood Hazard Areas Are Reasonably Safe from Flooding in accordance with the National Flood Insurance Program, May 2001. Federal Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee (MHCC), Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards, 2003 Edition. Geddes, J.D., Murray, E.J. Passive Inclined Anchorages in Sand, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117 (5), 810-814. 1991. Ghaly, A.M., Hanna, A., Hanna, M. Uplift Behavior of Screw Anchors in Sand I: Dry Sand, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117 (5), 773 783. 1991.
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PROTECTING Manufactured Homes FROM FloodS AND Hazards
A Multi-Hazard Foundation and Installation Guide

REFERENCES

Ghaly, A.M., Hanna, A., Hanna, M. Uplift Behavior of Screw Anchors in Sand II: Hydrostatic and Flow Conditions, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117 (5), 784 808. 1991. Ghaly, A.M., Clemence, S.P. Pullout Performance of Inclined Helical Screw Anchors in Sand, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 124(7), 617-627. 1998. FHWA NHI 01-001, Evaluating Scour at Bridges, 4th Edition, May 2001, Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18. International Code Council, Inc. (ICC), International Residential Code 2009, Falls Church, VA. 2009. International Council of Building Officials (ICBO), Acceptance Criteria for Expansion Anchors in Concrete and Masonry Elements (AC01), July 1991. Longinow, A., Guidance for Support of Manufactured Housing and Other Relocatable Structures for the Idaho Bureau of Disaster Services, for FEMA, under the National Earthquake Technical Assistance Contract EMW-92-C-3852, Task #45, June 22, 1995. Longinow, A., Meinheit D. F., and Pearson, J. F., Laboratory Testing of Soil Anchors for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC, WJE No. 931299, December 15, 1994. Manufactured Housing Research Alliance (MHRA), Guide to Foundation and Support Systems for Manufactured Homes, March 2002. Marshall, Richard D., Manufactured Homes Probability of Failure and the Need for Better Windstorm Protection Through Improved Anchoring Systems, United States Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, November 1994. Marshall, Richard D., and Yokel, Felix Y., Recommended Performance-Based Criteria for the Design of Manufactured Home Foundation Systems to Resist Wind and Seismic Loads (NISTIR 5664), U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, August 1995. Marshall, Richard D., Wind Load Provisions of the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards A Review and Recommendations for Improvement, United States Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 1993. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Building Construction and Safety Code, (NFPA 5000), Quincy, MA, 2009. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Model Manufactured Home Installation Standard, (NFPA 225), Quincy, MA, 2009. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Standard for Fire Safety Criteria for Manufactured Home Installations, Sites, and Communities, (NFPA 501A), Quincy, MA, 2009.
PROTECTING Manufactured Homes FROM FloodS AND Hazards
A Multi-Hazard Foundation and Installation Guide

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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Standard on Manufactured Housing, (NFPA 501), Quincy, MA, 2005. Peck, R.A., Hanson, W.E., and Thornburn, T.H., Foundation Engineering, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1973. Pearson, John E., Longinow, Anatol, and Meinheit, Donald F., Wind Protection Tie-Downs for Manufactured Homes, Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 1996. State of California, Department of Housing and Community Development, The Effectiveness of Manufactured Home Support Systems During Earthquakes, April 1992. State of California, Department of Housing and Community Development, Division of Codes and Standards, Manufactured Homes: A Handbook for Local Government, July 2001. Systems Building Research Alliance, Guide to Foundation and Support Systems for Manufactured Homes. 2002. United States Code (USC), The National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974, (42 USC 5404, Section 605). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Shore Protection Manual, 4th Edition. 1984. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, The Effect of Earthquakes on Manufactured Home Installation (HUD-7004), December 1995. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, NAHB Research Center, Factory and SiteBuilt Housing: A Comparison for the 21st Century, October 1998. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, NAHB Research Center, Manual for the Construction of Residential Basements in Non-Coastal Flood Environs (CR-997), March 1977. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (24 CFR Part 3280), 1999. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Manufactured Home Producers Guide to the Site-Built Market, May 2000. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Minimizing Damage and Repair Costs to Manufactured Homes During an Earthquake, February 1996. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards (24 CFR 3285), 2008. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Northridge Earthquake Effect on Manufactured Housing in California (HUD-0006466), Prepared by the NAHB Research Center, Inc., June 1994.
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PROTECTING Manufactured Homes FROM FloodS AND Hazards
A Multi-Hazard Foundation and Installation Guide

REFERENCES

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, Permanent Foundations Guide for Manufactured Housing (HUD-007487), September 1996. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, Residential Structural Design Guide: 2000 Edition, Prepared by the NAHB Research Center, Inc., February 2000. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Evaluating Scour at Bridges, 4th Edition (FHWA NHI 01-001), Hydraulics Engineering Circular No. 18, May 2001. Yokel, F. Y. A Study of Reaction forces on Mobile Home Foundations by Wind and Flood Loads. NBS Building Science Series 132. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC, 1981.

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