ELEC450/512 Summer 2007 Communications Theory and Systems: II Assignment 1 Solution

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria

Question 1.

X (f ) = sinc(f ). The power spectrum density is x (f ) = |X (f )|2 = sinc2 (f ) The autocorrelation function is Rx ( ) = F 1 {x (f )}. From Table 2.1, Rx ( ) is seen to be the following triangular function; 1 | | 0 for | | < 1 for elsewhere

(1) (2) (3)

Rx ( ) =

(4)

Question 2.

(a) The energy of the signal x(t) is

Ex

|x(t)|2 dt

|Aej (2f0 t+) |2 dt =

A2 dt

= Therefore, x(t) is not a nite energy signal. Note that x(t) is a periodic signal with period T = average power of x(t) is given by Px = = = 1 T 1 T
T 2

(5)
1 f0 ,

the

T 2 T 2 T 2

|x(t)|2 dt A2 dt (6)

A2 <
T 2

This shows that x(t) is a nite power signal. The autocorrelation function of x(t) is Rx ( ) = = = 1 T 1 T x (t)x(t + )dt A2 ej 2f0 dt (7)

T 2
T 2

T 2

A2 ej 2f0

The power spectral density (PSD) is then the Fourier transform of Rx ( ) written as Sx (f ) = A2 (f f0 ) (b) The energy of the signal x(t) is

(8)

Ex

|x(t)|2 dt 1dt = (9)

=
0

Therefore, x(t) is not a nite energy signal. The average power of x(t) is given by Px 1 T T 1 = < 2 = lim
T 2

12 dt

(10) (11)

This shows that x(t) is a nite power signal. The autocorrelation function of x(t) is Rx ( ) = = 1 T T lim lim
T 2

T 2
T

u1 (t)u1 (t + )dt

2 1 dt T T 1 1 T ( + ) = = lim T T 2 2

1 (f ). Thus, the power spectral density (PSD) is Sx (f ) = F [Rx ( )] = 2

(c)

Ex

=
0

K 2 / t dt
inf ty 0

= 2K 2 t = Therefore, it is not energy-type. To nd the power Px = = = and hence it is not power-type either. (d) The energy of the signal x(t) is

2 1 K 2 / t dt T T 0 1 2K 2 T /2 lim T T 0

lim

Ex

|x(t)|2 dt

=
0

|et |2 dt =

e2t dt
0

1 < 2
1 1+j 2f

(12) from Table 2.1,

Therefore, x(t) is a nite energy signal. Since the spectrum of x(t) is X (f ) = the energy spectral density (ESD) is given by Sx (f ) = |X (f )|2 = 1 . 1 + 4f 2

Question 3.

(a) mX (t) = E [X (t)] = E [X cos(2f0 t)] + E [Y sin(2f0 t)] = E [X ] cos(2f0 t) + E [Y ] sin(2f0 t) = 0 where the last equality follows from the fact that E [X ] = E [Y ] = 0.

(b) RX (t + , t) = E [(X cos(2f0 (t + )) + Y sin(2f0 (t + ))) (X cos(2f0 t) + Y sin(2f0 t))] = E [X 2 cos(2f0 (t + )) cos(2f0 t)] + E [XY cos(2f0 (t + )) sin(2f0 t)] + E [Y X sin(2f0 (t + )) cos(2f0 t)] + E [Y 2 sin(2f0 (t + )) sin(2f0 t)] 2 [cos(2f0 (2t + )) + cos(2f0 )] + = 2 2 [cos(2f0 ) cos(2f0 (2t + ))] 2 = 2 cos(2f0 ) where we have used the fact that E [XY ] = E [X ]E [Y ] = 0. Thus the process is stationary for RX (t+, t) depends only on . (c) Since the process is stationary, the power spectral density of X (t) is SX (f ) = F RX ( ) = ( ({ { ) + ({ + { )).

Question 4.

fX1 (y ) > fX2 (y ) is equivalent to exp{(y 1)2 /2 2 } > exp{(y 2 )2 /2 2 }. Since exp{u} is a decreasing function of u, it follows that fX1 (y ) > fX2 (y ) is equivalent to (y 1 )2 < (y 2 )2 , which is equivalent to |y 1 | < |y 2 |. Thus, fX1 (y ) > fX2 (y ) if and only if y is closer to 1 than to 2 .