Hirra Anjum hirra.anjum@uet.edu.

pk

Grading Criteria
Theory: (3credit hours) Quizzes 20 Marks Mid-term 30 Marks Final term 40 Marks Class participation 10 Marks Laboratory: (3 credit hour) Project Lab Quiz Viva voice 50 Marks 20 Marks 30 Marks

Environmental Pollution

Environment

Pollution
Pollution is the result of the action or presence of a pollutant in a part of the environment where it is considered to have harmful effects.

Environmental Pollution is considered as the unfavourable alteration of our surroundings.

Types of Pollution
Air Pollution Water Pollution Noise Pollution Land Pollution Radiation or Radio active Pollution

Air Pollution
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, gases and particulate matter that cause harm or discomfort to living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment

Causes
Industries Automobiles and Domestic fuels High Proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and VOCs.

Effects
Human health Animals Plants The atmosphere as a whole

Prevention
Drive less, drive smart Do not Burst Crackers Choose air friendly products Save energy

Water Pollution

The Contamination of water with undesirable substances which make it unfit for usage is termed water Pollution

Causes
About 40% of Deaths worldwide. organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers. a wide spectrum of chemicals, metals, pathogens, pesticides and petroleum products. Many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated are naturally occurring (calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, etc.)

Effects
Cholera Malaria Typhoid Aquatic life gets destroyed

Prevention
Rivers should not be used for washing clothes or bathing animals in. Use less water Use environment friendly household products Apply natural pesticides and fertilizers Dispose off toxic products carefully

Noise Pollution
Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal or machine-created environmental noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. Noise pollution results in anger, irritation and anxiety.

Causes
Traffic Noise Air craft Noise Noise from construction and civil engineering works. Noise from the Industries.

Effects
Temporary or permanent hearing loss High Blood Pressure Stress Sleep Disturbance Colour Blindness

Prevention

Land Pollution
Land pollution is the degradation of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly

Causes
Household Garbage. Industrial Waste. Chemical fertilizers and Pesticides. Improper sewage treatment.

Effects
People do not follow proper methods for the disposal of wastes, it leaves the places look dirty and makes them unhealthy. Land pollution indirectly affects the respiratory system of human beings. Skin problems are often diagnosed due to land pollution.

Prevention
More and more land should be brought under farming Trees should be planted everywhere. Waste matter should be disposed immediately Avoid using more fertilizers and Pesticides.

Radio-active Pollution
The release of radioactive substances or high-energy particles into the air, water, or earth as a result of human activity, either by accident or by design.

Nuclear radiations can penetrate body and cause irreparable damage to living cells

Causes
The sources of such waste include: Nuclear weapon testing or detonation The nuclear fuel cycle, including the mining, separation, and production of nuclear materials for use in nuclear power plants or nuclear bombs. Accidental release of radioactive material from nuclear power plants Sometimes natural sources of radioactivity, such as radon gas emitted from beneath the ground, are considered pollutants when they become a threat to human health.

Effects
Blood in cough Swelling of bone joints Lung Cancer Skin Cancer Bone Cancer Eye Problems

Prevention
Avoid Using Nuclear Weapon. Have Proper Treatment for Nuclear Waste. Avoid mining for Uranium. Properly dispose atomic reactors.

Introduction to Environmental Engineering (5th Edition)

Mackenzie L. Davis David A. Cornwell

Introduction to Environmental Engineering & Science (2nd Edition)

Gilbert M. Masters

Environmental Engineering

Gerard Kiely

Pollution Causes, Effects & Control (4th Edition)

Roy M. Harrison