Alti Um Manual

Altium
TM
Microwave Radio System

Installation and Operation Manual 6 GHZ - 15 GHz
Preliminary

PN 310-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999
Copyright 1999 by Digital Microwave Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Digital Microwave Corporation. Printed in the United States of America. DISCLAIMER Digital Microwave Corporation makes no representation or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, Digital Microwave Corporation reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the content hereof without obligation of Digital Microwave Corporation to notify any person of such revision or changes. This equipment has been tested for and meets EMC Directive 89/336/EEC. The equipment was tested using screened cabling. If any other type of cable is used, it may violate compliance. CE Mark This equipment has been designed to meet the requirements of the European Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 89/336/EEC (currently amended by 92/31/EEC). Operation of the equipment is designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances. TRADEMARKS FibreNex and Altium are trademarks and DMC Net is a registered trademark of Digital Microwave Corporation. All other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Digital Microwave Corporation 170 Rose Orchard Way San Jose, California 95134-1358 U.S.A. Telephone: (408) 943-0777 Telex: 759597 DIGMIC Fax: (408) 944-1801 Digital Microwave Corporation Middlemarch Business Park Siskin Drive Coventry, England CV3-4JA Telephone: + 44-1203-863838 Fax: + 44-1203-530126
Digital Microwave Corporation 10 Ang Mo Kio Street 65 #03-13 Techpoint Singapore 569059 Telephone: + 65-484-7780 Fax: + 65-484-7768
Contents
Figures ................................................................................................................................ vii Tables................................................................................................................................... xi Preface ............................................................................................................................... xiii Scope ...........................................................................................................................xiii Customer Service ......................................................................................................xiii Organization of the Manual ....................................................................................xiv 1 Installation Overview ........................................................................................................................ 1-1 Unpacking the Equipment .......................................................................................... 1-2 Packing List ............................................................................................................... 1-2 Preparing the Site .......................................................................................................... 1-3 Rack Space ................................................................................................................. 1-3 Power ......................................................................................................................... 1-3 Grounding ................................................................................................................. 1-5 Grounding the IDU ........................................................................................... 1-5 Grounding the ODU ......................................................................................... 1-6 ESD Protection ................................................................................................... 1-6 Installation Kit ............................................................................................................... 1-7 Recommended Tools and Test Equipment ............................................................... 1-8 Installing the IDU ......................................................................................................... 1-9 Connecting Fiber Optic Cables to the Altium System ............................................. 1-11 Installing the ODU ........................................................................................................ 1-14 Remote Mount ......................................................................................................... 1-14 Horizontal Polarization ........................................................................................... 1-16 Vertical Polarization ................................................................................................ 1-17 Space Diversity - Slip Fit and Waveguide ............................................................ 1-18 Space Diversity - Flexible Waveguide ................................................................... 1-19 Space Diversity - Remote and Direct Mounting .................................................. 1-20 Offset Configuration ................................................................................................ 1-21 Installing the IDU/ODU Coaxial Cable ................................................................... 1-22 Preparing the TNC Connectors .............................................................................. 1-22 Coax Cable Service Loop ........................................................................................ 1-24 Identifying A-side and B-side Cables .................................................................... 1-24 Connecting the Coaxial Cable ............................................................................... 1-25 Powering Up .................................................................................................................. 1-27 Aligning the Antenna .................................................................................................. 1-28 Connecting External Equipment ................................................................................ 1-30 Ethernet Hub ............................................................................................................. 1-30 Handset Connector .................................................................................................. 1-33 NMS/Aux 1 Connector ........................................................................................... 1-34 NMS/Aux 2, NMS/Aux 3 Connector ................................................................... 1-35 MAINT Connector .................................................................................................. 1-36 VF/AUX DATA Connectors .................................................................................. 1-37
iii
Contents
Altium Microwave Radio System
CONTROL/ALARMS Connector .......................................................................... 1-39 2 System Commissioning Overview ........................................................................................................................ 2-1 Tests Performed ........................................................................................................ 2-1 Required Test Equipment ....................................................................................... 2-2 Optional Tests ........................................................................................................... 2-2 Optional Test Equipment ........................................................................................ 2-2 Preliminary Checks ...................................................................................................... 2-2 Test Procedures ............................................................................................................. 2-3 Customer Information ............................................................................................. 2-3 Test Data .................................................................................................................... 2-3 Input DC Voltage............................................................................................... 2-3 WMT RSSI........................................................................................................... 2-3 WMT TX Power ................................................................................................. 2-3 WMT TX/RX Frequency .................................................................................. 2-3 Calculated Fade Margin ................................................................................... 2-3 Loopback Tests ......................................................................................................... 2-4 Local IF Loopback.............................................................................................. 2-4 Remote LIU Loopback ...................................................................................... 2-4 Bit Error Tests ........................................................................................................... 2-5 Optional Tests ............................................................................................................... 2-6 Receive Signal Level (RSL) ..................................................................................... 2-6 Fade Margin Test ...................................................................................................... 2-6 Frequency Measurement ......................................................................................... 2-7 TX Power ................................................................................................................... 2-7 System Troubleshooting Overview ........................................................................................................................ 3-1 LED Alarm and Status Indications ............................................................................ 3-2 IDU LEDs .................................................................................................................. 3-2 ODU LEDs ................................................................................................................. 3-3 LED Troubleshooting ................................................................................................. 3-4 Indirectly Detected and Undetected Faults .............................................................. 3-5 Returning Equipment to DMC ................................................................................... 3-5 Replacing the SP Module Nonprotected System ..................................................... 3-6 Replacing the SP Module Protected System ............................................................. 3-8 Removing and Applying Power ................................................................................ 3-10 Replacing the ISAC Module ........................................................................................ 3-11 Replacing the Fan Module ........................................................................................... 3-13 Replacing the RF Plug-in Module Nonprotected System ....................................... 3-14 Replacing the RF Plug-in Module Protected System ............................................... 3-15 Replacing the RF Plug-in Module Space Diversity System .................................... 3-17 Replacing the RF Distribution Module Nonprotected System .............................. 3-19 Replacing the RF Distribution Module Protected System ...................................... 3-20 Replacing the RF Distribution Module Space Diversity System ........................... 3-22 Replacing the OSAC Module ...................................................................................... 3-24 WMT Screens Reference Overview ........................................................................................................................ 4-1
iv
Contents
WMT Navigation ..................................................................................................... 4-3 Send and Reset Buttons ........................................................................................... 4-7 Connecting the WMT to the Altium Radio ............................................................... 4-9 Making an Ethernet Connection ............................................................................ 4-9 Connecting through the MAINT Connector ........................................................ 4-14 Connecting to the Far End from the Local Radio ................................................ 4-29 Starting the WMT ........................................................................................................ 4-33 Exiting the WMT .......................................................................................................... 4-33 Link Status Screen ......................................................................................................... 4-34 Configure Radios Screens ............................................................................................ 4-36 Link Information Screen .......................................................................................... 4-37 IDU Screens ............................................................................................................... 4-38 Aux Data Channel Screen................................................................................. 4-38 External Mux ...................................................................................................... 4-40 Relay Configuration .......................................................................................... 4-41 SP Configuration................................................................................................ 4-42 Control TTL Input Configuration ................................................................... 4-43 Control TTL Output Configuration ................................................................ 4-44 VF Channel Configuration ............................................................................... 4-45 ODU Screens ............................................................................................................. 4-46 RF Control........................................................................................................... 4-46 RF Distribution Frequency ............................................................................... 4-48 RF Distribution Configuration......................................................................... 4-49 Synthesizer Configuration ............................................................................... 4-50 Transceiver Configuration ............................................................................... 4-52 Network Management System ............................................................................... 4-53 Maintenance Port............................................................................................... 4-53 Modem Configuration ...................................................................................... 4-55 NMS .................................................................................................................... 4-56 NMS Aux Ports Configuration ........................................................................ 4-57 Configure Port 1................................................................................................. 4-58 Events and Performance Screens ................................................................................ 4-59 Active Events ............................................................................................................ 4-59 Performance .............................................................................................................. 4-62 RSSI ............................................................................................................................ 4-64 Radio Status .............................................................................................................. 4-65 Loopback Test Screen ................................................................................................... 4-66 Line Interface Unit (LIU) ........................................................................................ 4-67 Intermediate Frequency (IF) .................................................................................. 4-67 Wayside ..................................................................................................................... 4-67 Auxiliary .................................................................................................................... 4-67 VF ................................................................................................................................ 4-68 Locking Controls Screen .............................................................................................. 4-72 Software Screens ........................................................................................................... 4-73 Download Screen ..................................................................................................... 4-73 Activate Screen ......................................................................................................... 4-75 Software Versions Screen ........................................................................................ 4-76 Date and Time Screen .................................................................................................. 4-77 Manufacturing Data Screen ......................................................................................... 4-78
Contents
System Description Overview ........................................................................................................................ 5-1 System Components ..................................................................................................... 5-2 IDU .................................................................................................................................. 5-5 Signal Processor Module ........................................................................................ 5-5 ISAC Module ............................................................................................................ 5-6 Access Panel .............................................................................................................. 5-7 VF/AUX DATA Channel ........................................................................................ 5-9 Voice Channel 1 ................................................................................................. 5-11 Voice Channel 2 ................................................................................................. 5-13 Aux Data Channels .................................................................................................. 5-14 Synchronous Aux Data Channel Operation ......................................................... 5-14 Asynchronous Aux Data Channel Operation ...................................................... 5-16 Asynchronous Non-Data Dependent Mode.................................................. 5-16 Asynchronous Data Dependent Mode........................................................... 5-16 Asynchronous Data Channel Applications .......................................................... 5-16 CONTROL/ALARMS Connector .......................................................................... 5-18 TTL Inputs .......................................................................................................... 5-18 TTL Outputs ....................................................................................................... 5-18 Relays .................................................................................................................. 5-20 Handset Connector .................................................................................................. 5-22 Ethernet Hub ............................................................................................................. 5-22 Fan Module ............................................................................................................... 5-22 IDU Housing ............................................................................................................. 5-22 ODU ................................................................................................................................ 5-23 OSAC Module ........................................................................................................... 5-23 RF Plug-in Module ................................................................................................... 5-24 RF Distribution Module .......................................................................................... 5-24 Synthesizer ................................................................................................................ 5-25 ODU Housing ........................................................................................................... 5-25 PROMs ........................................................................................................................... 5-25 Connectors ..................................................................................................................... 5-26 LEDs ............................................................................................................................... 5-27 Coaxial Cable ................................................................................................................. 5-28 Antenna .......................................................................................................................... 5-28 Web Maintenance Terminal ........................................................................................ 5-28 System Configurations ................................................................................................. 5-29 Protection Switching .................................................................................................... 5-30 Automatic Transmit Power Control .......................................................................... 5-34
A System Specifications Operating Characteristics ........................................................................................... A-1 Part Numbers ............................................................................................................... A-2 Envelope Drawings ..................................................................................................... A-2 Glossary Index
vi
Figures
Figure 1-1. Figure 1-2. Figure 1-3. Figure 1-4. Figure 1-5. Figure 1-6. Figure 1-7. Figure 1-8. Figure 1-9. Figure 1-10. Figure 1-11. Figure 1-12. Figure 1-13. Figure 1-14. Figure 1-15. Figure 1-16. Figure 1-17. Figure 1-18. Figure 1-19. Figure 1-20. Figure 1-21. Figure 1-22. Figure 1-23. Figure 1-24. Figure 1-25. Figure 1-26. Figure 1-27. Figure 1-28. Figure 1-29. Figure 1-30. Figure 1-31. Figure 1-32. Figure 1-33. Figure 1-34. Figure 1-35. Figure 1-36. Figure 1-37. Figure 2-1. Figure 2-2. Figure 2-3. Figure 2-4. Figure 3-1. Figure 3-2. Figure 3-3.
Unpacking the IDU and ODU ....................................................................... 1-2 Altium System Rack Space ............................................................................ 1-3 Power Connections ......................................................................................... 1-4 Power Cable Assembly ................................................................................... 1-4 Grounding the IDU ......................................................................................... 1-5 Grounding the ODU ....................................................................................... 1-6 ESD Protection ................................................................................................. 1-6 Installing the IDU ............................................................................................ 1-9 Reversed Mounting Ears ................................................................................ 1-10 Removing the Front Panel.............................................................................. 1-11 Removing the SP Module............................................................................... 1-12 Connecting the Fiber-Optic Cables ............................................................... 1-12 Routing the Fiber-Optic Cables - Nonprotected System ........................... 1-13 Routing the Fiber-Optic Cables - Protected System ................................... 1-13 ODU Remote Mount ....................................................................................... 1-15 Horizontal Polarization .................................................................................. 1-16 Vertical Polarization........................................................................................ 1-17 Space Diversity - Slip Fit and Waveguide ................................................... 1-18 Space Diversity - Flexible Waveguide .......................................................... 1-19 Flexible Waveguide Connection ................................................................... 1-20 Flexible Waveguide Connector ..................................................................... 1-20 ODU Offset Configuration............................................................................. 1-21 ODU TNC Connectors.................................................................................... 1-25 Connecting the Coaxial Cables to the IDU .................................................. 1-26 Using the Fuses to Apply Power................................................................... 1-27 RSSI Connector (Protected ODU shown) .................................................... 1-29 Antenna Alignment ........................................................................................ 1-29 Access Panel Connectors ................................................................................ 1-30 Ethernet Hub Pin Locations ........................................................................... 1-31 Daisychaining at a Repeater Site ................................................................... 1-32 Daisychaining at a Hub Site........................................................................... 1-32 Handset RJ-11 Connector ............................................................................... 1-33 NMS/Aux 1 DTE Connector ......................................................................... 1-34 NMS/Aux 2, NMS/Aux 3 DTE Connectors ............................................... 1-35 Maint DCE Connector .................................................................................... 1-36 VF/AUX DATA Connector ........................................................................... 1-37 Control/Alarms Connector ........................................................................... 1-39 Test Setup - Received Signal Level ............................................................... 2-8 Test Setup - Fade Margin ............................................................................... 2-9 Test Setup - Frequency Measurement .......................................................... 2-10 Test Setup - Transmit Power ......................................................................... 2-11 IDU LEDs.......................................................................................................... 3-2 ODU LEDs........................................................................................................ 3-3 Replacing the SP Module - Nonprotected System ..................................... 3-6
vii
Figures
Figure 3-4. Figure 3-5. Figure 3-6. Figure 3-7. Figure 3-8. Figure 3-9. Figure 3-10. Figure 3-11. Figure 3-12. Figure 3-13. Figure 3-14. Figure 3-15. Figure 3-16. Figure 3-17. Figure 4-1. Figure 4-2. Figure 4-3. Figure 4-4. Figure 4-5. Figure 4-6. Figure 4-7. Figure 4-8. Figure 4-9. Figure 4-10. Figure 4-11. Figure 4-12. Figure 4-13. Figure 4-14. Figure 4-15. Figure 4-16. Figure 4-17. Figure 4-18. Figure 4-19. Figure 4-20. Figure 4-21. Figure 4-22. Figure 4-23. Figure 4-24. Figure 4-25. Figure 4-26. Figure 4-27. Figure 4-28. Figure 4-29. Figure 4-30. Figure 4-31. Figure 4-32. Figure 4-33. Figure 4-34. Figure 4-35. Figure 4-36.
Replacing the SP Module - Nonprotected System ..................................... 3-7 Replacing the SP Module - Protected System ............................................. 3-8 Replacing the SP Module - Protected System ............................................. 3-9 Removing and Applying Power ................................................................... 3-10 Removing Cables from the ISAC Module ................................................... 3-11 ISAC Configuration PROM ........................................................................... 3-12 Replacing the Fan Module ............................................................................. 3-13 Replacing the RF Plug-in Module (Nonprotected System) ....................... 3-14 Replacing the RF Plug-in Module (Protected System) .............................. 3-16 Replacing the RF Plug-in Module (Space Diversity System) .................... 3-18 Replacing the RF Distribution Module (Nonprotected System) .............. 3-19 Replacing the RF Distribution Module (Protected System) ...................... 3-21 Replacing the RF Distribution Module (Space Diversity System) ........... 3-23 Replacing the OSAC Module ......................................................................... 3-24 WMT User Interface........................................................................................ 4-3 WMT Start-up Screen...................................................................................... 4-4 WMT Menu List............................................................................................... 4-5 Configure Radios Screen ................................................................................ 4-6 Send Button ...................................................................................................... 4-7 Reset Button ..................................................................................................... 4-8 Connecting the WMT...................................................................................... 4-9 Starting WMT................................................................................................... 4-33 Link Status........................................................................................................ 4-34 Link Information ............................................................................................. 4-37 Aux Data Channel ........................................................................................... 4-38 Configure Channels ........................................................................................ 4-39 External Mux Configuration .......................................................................... 4-40 Relay Configuration ........................................................................................ 4-41 SP Configuration ............................................................................................. 4-42 Control TTL Input Configuration ................................................................. 4-43 Control TTL Output Configuration.............................................................. 4-44 VF Channel Configuration............................................................................. 4-45 RF Control ........................................................................................................ 4-46 RF Distribution Frequency ............................................................................ 4-48 RF Distribution Configuration ...................................................................... 4-49 Synthesizer Configuration ............................................................................. 4-50 Transceiver Configuration ............................................................................. 4-52 Maintenance Port ............................................................................................ 4-53 Modem Configuration.................................................................................... 4-55 NMS Configuration......................................................................................... 4-56 NMS Aux Ports Configuration...................................................................... 4-57 Configure Port 1 .............................................................................................. 4-58 Active Events ................................................................................................... 4-59 Complete Events.............................................................................................. 4-60 Performance ..................................................................................................... 4-62 RSSI.................................................................................................................... 4-64 Radio Status...................................................................................................... 4-65 Loopback Tests ................................................................................................ 4-66 Internal Local IF Loopback ............................................................................ 4-68 Internal LIU Remote Loopback ..................................................................... 4-69
viii
Figures
Figure 4-37. Figure 4-38. Figure 4-39. Figure 4-40. Figure 4-41. Figure 4-42. Figure 4-43. Figure 4-44. Figure 4-45. Figure 5-1. Figure 5-2. Figure 5-3. Figure 5-4. Figure 5-5. Figure 5-6. Figure 5-7. Figure 5-8. Figure 5-9. Figure 5-10. Figure 5-11. Figure 5-12. Figure 5-13. Figure 5-14. Figure 5-15. Figure 5-16. Figure 1-1. Figure A-2.
External LIU Loopback................................................................................... 4-70 External IF Loopback ...................................................................................... 4-70 External LIU Remote Loopback .................................................................... 4-71 Locking Controls ............................................................................................. 4-72 Download System Software........................................................................... 4-73 Activate System Software .............................................................................. 4-75 Software Versions............................................................................................ 4-76 Date and Time.................................................................................................. 4-77 Manufacturing Data........................................................................................ 4-78 Altium System Components.......................................................................... 5-3 System Block Diagram.................................................................................... 5-4 ALTIUM with Cover Removed..................................................................... 5-5 Access Panel Auxiliary (nonpayload) Functions........................................ 5-8 VF Channel 1 and 2 Bridges........................................................................... 5-10 Voice Channel 1 Interconnection .................................................................. 5-12 Voice Channel 2 Interconnection .................................................................. 5-13 Synchronous Application............................................................................... 5-17 TTL Input and Output Connectivity ............................................................ 5-19 Relays Connectivity ........................................................................................ 5-21 ODU Hardware Description.......................................................................... 5-23 Nonprotected Altium Configuration ........................................................... 5-30 1+0 Nonprotected Transmitter and Receiver.............................................. 5-31 Protected Altium Configuration ................................................................... 5-31 1+1 Monitored Hot Standby Protection Switching .................................... 5-32 1+1 Space Diversity Protection Switching ................................................... 5-33 IDU Envelope Drawing ................................................................................. A-3 ODU Envelope Drawing ................................................................................ A-4
ix
Figures
Tables
Table 1-1. Installation Kit..................................................................................................... Table 1-2. Recommended Coaxial Cable........................................................................... Table 1-3. ODU Connectors................................................................................................. Table 1-4. Ethernet Hub Pinouts ........................................................................................ Table 1-5. Handset RJ-11 Connector Pinouts.................................................................... Table 1-6. NMS/AUX 1 DTE Connector Pinouts............................................................. Table 1-7. NMS/AUX 2, NMS/Aux 3 DTE Connector Pinouts .................................... Table 1-8. Maint DCE Connector Pinouts ......................................................................... Table 1-9. VF/AUX DATA Connector Pinouts .............................................................. Table 1-10. Control/Alarms Connector ............................................................................. Table 3-1. LED Troubleshooting......................................................................................... Table 4-1. WMT Screen Summary...................................................................................... Table 4-2. Subnet Mask ....................................................................................................... Table 4-3. Link Status ........................................................................................................... Table 4-4. Link Information................................................................................................. Table 4-5. Aux Data Channel .............................................................................................. Table 4-6. External Mux Configuration ............................................................................. Table 4-7. Relay Configuration ........................................................................................... Table 4-8. SP Configuration ............................................................................................... Table 4-9. Control TTL Input Configuration .................................................................... Table 4-10. Control TTL Output Configuration ................................................................. Table 4-11. VF Channel Configuration ................................................................................ Table 4-12. RF Control............................................................................................................ Table 4-13. RF Distribution Frequency ................................................................................ Table 4-14. RF Distribution Configuration.......................................................................... Table 4-15. Synthesizer Configuration ................................................................................ Table 4-16. Transceiver Configuration ................................................................................ Table 4-17. Maintenance Port................................................................................................ Table 4-18. Modem Configuration ....................................................................................... Table 4-19. NMS Configuration............................................................................................ Table 4-20. NMS Aux Ports Configuration ....................................................................... Table 4-21. Aux Port Configuration ..................................................................................... Table 4-22. Events ................................................................................................................... Table 4-23. Performance ....................................................................................................... Table 4-24. RSSI....................................................................................................................... Table 4-25. Radio Status......................................................................................................... Table 4-26. Loopback Tests.................................................................................................... Table 4-27. Locking Controls .............................................................................................. Table 4-28. Download System Software.............................................................................. Table 4-29. Activate System Software.................................................................................. Table 4-30. Software Versions............................................................................................... Table 5-1. Connector Summary .......................................................................................... Table 5-2. LED Alarm Indications .................................................................................... Table 5-3. System Configurations....................................................................................... Table 5-4. Protected System Configurations.....................................................................
1-7 1-22 1-25 1-31 1-33 1-34 1-35 1-36 1-37 1-39 3-4 4-2 4-12 4-35 4-37 4-39 4-40 4-41 4-42 4-44 4-44 4-45 4-47 4-48 4-49 4-51 4-52 4-54 4-55 4-56 4-57 4-58 4-60 4-63 4-64 4-65 4-66 4-72 4-74 4-75 4-76 5-26 5-27 5-29 5-30
xi
Tables
Table A-1.System Specifications - 7 GHz Radio ............................................................... A-1 Table A-2.Part Numbers....................................................................................................... A-2
xii
Preface
Scope
This manual contains information on installing, operating, and maintaining the Altium Microwave Radio system. Installation tasks include mechanical installation of the Altium system, connecting external equipment to the Altium system (site dependent), and configuring the system. Operation tasks include modifying radio operating parameters, monitoring status, and maintaining the system through troubleshooting and system repair procedures. This document is intended for those people who install and operate the Altium microwave radio system.
Customer Service
Customer Service Within the United States Outside the United States use the country code, then dial: Within the United Kingdom Outside the United Kingdom, use the international access code, then dial: Asia
Telephone Number 1-800-DMC-WAVE 1-800-362-9283 1-408-944-1720 01203-863-838 +44-1203-863-838 + 65-484-7780
xiii
Organization of the Manual
Organization of the Manual
Chapter 1 Installation
Description Installation describes: how to install the Altium system: Indoor Unit (IDU), Outdoor Unit (ODU); how to connect the coaxial cable; applying power to the system; connecting external equipment to the IDU. The main topics include: Unpack the equipment and prepare the site Describes the installation kit and recommended tools and equipment Install the IDU Attach fiber optic cables Install the ODU Install coaxial cables Powering up the system Installing and aligning the antenna Connecting external equipment System Commissioning describes how to verify the correct operation of the Altium system after installation. The main topics include: Preliminary checks Test Procedures: gathering data, loopback and BER tests Optional Tests: RSL, fade margin, frequency measurement, and transmit power System Troubleshooting describes: the LED indications in the Altium system and how to interpret each LED; how to replace modules. The main topics include: LED indications Troubleshooting Replace modules The WMT (Web Maintenance Terminal) Screens Reference describes: how to use the WMT; how to start and exit the WMT; how to connect your terminal to the WMT; what the fields on each screen mean. The main topics include: Overview Connecting to, starting, and exiting the WMT Screen reference System Description describes: the Altium system hardware; Altium system functions and features. The main topics include: System components overview and system block diagram Module functional descriptions System configurations Protection switching ATPC (Automatic Transmit Power Control)
System Commissioning
System Troubleshooting
WMT Screens Reference
System Description
xiv
Chapter 1 Installation
This chapter provides information on: installing the Altium system Indoor Unit (IDU) and Outdoor Unit (ODU); connecting the coaxial cable; applying power to the system; aligning the antenna; and connecting external equipment to the IDU.
Overview
Altium system installation procedures are generally outlined as follows: Unpacking the equipment Preparing adequate rack space, appropriate power, and grounding Mounting the IDU Mounting the ODU Installing the coaxial cable Mounting and aligning the antenna Connecting external equipment
You may also need to use the Web Maintenance Terminal (WMT) to change or set the Altium systems operating parameters. Refer to Chapter 4, WMT Screens Reference, for more information.
Installation 1-1
Unpacking the Equipment
Unpacking the Equipment

The tools required for unpacking the system equipment are: Utility knife Clean, flat working surface
Open the shipping containers, carefully remove the equipment and place on a clean, flat working surface. Save the shipping and packing material in case the equipment has to be returned. Check the equipment and installation kits against the packing list to ensure that the equipment part numbers, parts, and ancillary equipment included in the shipment match what is specified on the packing list. If there are discrepancies between the packing list and the equipment received, contact the nearest sales representative. Inspect the equipment for any type of shipping damage. If any part of the shipment is damaged, contact your nearest sales representative for repair or replacement instructions.
Packing List
Verify that the packing list accurately describes the contents of the shipped equipment. Shipments consist of an IDU and an installation kit in one container and an ODU in another container (Figure 1-1).
1 box
1 box
Installation Kit
Packing List
ODU IDU
An Altium system ships in two containers.

$$
Figure 1-1. Unpacking the IDU and ODU
1-2 Installation
Preparing the Site
Preparing the Site

The installation site must have adequate rack space, power, and grounding.
Rack Space
The Altium IDU can be installed in a standard 19-in. (48 cm) rack and requires 3 rack units (Figure 1-2). A rack unit is 1.75-in. (4.5 cm) of vertical space.
3 RACK UNITS
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2
MAJ
MIN
ODU
MAINT
0232
Figure 1-2. Altium System Rack Space
Power
Power to the IDU must be in the range -40.5 to -72 VDC. Nominal input voltage is -48 VDC to -60 VDC. An external step-up power converter is required when the voltage is below -40.5 VDC. The battery supply connects to the Altium system through a four-conductor Phoenix connector. The polarity for the battery supply ground lead and negative leads is shown in Figure 1-3. Each Signal Processor (SP) module, A for a nonprotected system, A and B for a protected system, requires a power connection. Each power connection requires that you assemble a power cable.
Note: The minimum cable size for the power cable is 12 AWG (2 mm).
Assemble the power cable for each power connection as follows: 1. Strip 1/4 in. (0.6 cm) insulation from the ends of each of the power leads you are connecting to the Altium system. 2. Insert each power lead as shown in Figure 1-4. 3. Secure each lead in the power connector by tightening the screw on top of the connectod.
Installation 1-3
Preparing the Site
Warning:
Reverse polarity can damage the equipment.
ESD
VF/AU
CONTR
Figure 1-3. Power Connections
Strip 1/4"
$&
Figure 1-4. Power Cable Assembly
1-4 Installation
Preparing the Site
Grounding
Proper grounding of equipment and structures is essential to prevent electrical damage to the Altium system. Grounding of all equipment at a radio site is required. Without proper grounding, voltage potentials between components of the system can cause electrical damage when interconnecting cables are installed.
Note: Ground wires and hardware are not provided in the installation kit.
Grounding the IDU

The IDU is grounded through the mounting hardware to the equipment rack. The equipment rack must be connected to station or earth ground. Refer to Figure 1-5.
IDU is grounded through mounting hardware Mounting rack must be connected to station or earth ground
0269
Figure 1-5. Grounding the IDU
Installation 1-5
Preparing the Site
Grounding the ODU

A suitable ground wire must connect the ODU ground lug (Figure 1-6) to an appropriate ground point on the antenna mounting or tower. This connection is site dependent. The surface of all ground wire contact points must be clean to ensure a low-resistance connection.
A Side
Coaxial Cable TNC Connector RSSI BNC Connector Ground Lug
0235
B Side
Figure 1-6. Grounding the ODU
ESD Protection
ESD (electrostatic discharge) can damage electronic components. Even if components remain functional, ESD can cause latent damage that results in premature failure. Personnel and equipment must be properly grounded. Always wear proper ESD grounding straps during equipment installation, maintenance and repairs. Connect your ESD grounding strap to the connector shown in Figure 1-7.
ESD Connector
ESD
VF DATA
B
ALARMS
Figure 1-7. ESD Protection
1-6 Installation
Installation Kit
Installation Kit
Most of the materials needed for installation are supplied with the system. Some tools and equipment must be supplied by the user. Table 1-1 lists materials in a typical installation kit. The contents of the installation kit depends on the system configuration. Refer to the packing list for a description of the exact contents.
Table 1-1. Installation Kit

Description TNC (75 ohm) Male crimp connectors (RG-11/Belden 9292) Silicon grease, 1 oz., DC4 M10 screw x 20MM hex head M10 washer, SLW, SS M10 washer, flat, SS ODU handle Power connector, 4-way Fuse, 5 amp Slo-Blo, 2 each, 5 x 20 mm Vapor lock Screw, 12-24 x 3/4 SS, Phil, P/H Washer, SS, SLW, #12 Washer, SS, #12 Quantity 4 1 4 4 4 1 1 2 4 6 6 6 Part Number
Installation 1-7
Recommended Tools and Test Equipment
Recommended Tools and Test Equipment

In addition to the installation materials available from Digital Microwave Corporation, there are recommended user-supplied tools and test equipment: 11 mm (7/16-in.) end wrench or nut driver 14 mm (9/16-in.) end wrench or box wrench 19 mm (3/4-in.) end wrench or box wrench Torque wrench, 27 Newton-meters (20 foot-pounds) 14 mm (9/16-in.) crow-foot wrench adapter or socket for torque wrench 3/32-in. hex (Allen-head) driver Screwdriver, No. 2 Phillips Screwdriver, No. 2 flat blade (common) Crimp tool for RG-11 TNC connectors Digital voltmeter (DVM) for measuring RSSI (receive signal strength indicator) voltage during antenna alignment and checking for a short between the conductor and shield when making cables Portable (laptop) computer with a serial RS-232 communications port and cable or 10BaseT Ethernet port Telephone with FCC Class B electronic ringer, cable and RJ-11 modular telephone connectors at each end. Used for communicating over the engineering order wire (EOW) only if voice EOW is used. Optical pattern generator/checker (optional), 155 Mbps (STM-1/OC-3)
1-8 Installation
Installing the IDU
Installing the IDU

To install the IDU: 1. Identify the rack mounting screws and cup washers in the installation kit (Figure 1-8). Refer to Installation Kit on page 1-7. 2. Attach the unit to the rack with the mounting screws and washers. This also grounds the Altium system to the rack.
Note: The mounting ears on the IDU can be reversed to move the IDU out 5 in. (13 cm) from the front of the rack (Figure 1-9). They can be removed completely for desktop mounting.
Do block vent holes.
0269
Figure 1-8. Installing the IDU
Installation 1-9
Installing the IDU
0270
Figure 1-9. Reversed Mounting Ears
1-10 Installation
Connecting Fiber Optic Cables to the Altium System

STM-1/OC-3 data connects to the Altium system through multimode fiber-optic cables. The fiber-optic cables connect the optical access on the multiplexer to the SP module in the IDU. The connectors on the SP module are ST type.
Warning: Never look into the end of a fiber-optic cable.
To connect the fiber-optic cable to the Altium system: 1. Remove the front panel by undoing the four fasteners (Figure 1-10). 2. Remove the IF cable from the SP module (Figure 1-11). 3. Use the card extractor levers to unseat the SP module and slide it out (approximately 6 in. or 15 cm) until you can see the ST connector (Figure 1-12). 4. Connect the fiber-optic cables. 5. Reseat the SP module. Press the card extractor levers flat against the edge of the SP module. 6. Reconnect the IF cable to the SP module. 7. Route the fiber-optic cables through the cable access cutouts on the access panel (Figure 1-13). 8. Reinstall the front panel and secure it with the four fasteners.
Captured Fasteners
Captured Fasteners
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2
MAJ
MIN
ODU
MAINT
0271
Figure 1-10. Removing the Front Panel
Installation 1-11
Extractor Levers
I.F. Cable
0272
Figure 1-11. Removing the SP Module
Out
0273
In
Customer Equipment
Figure 1-12. Connecting the Fiber-Optic Cables
1-12 Installation
To Customer Equipment
0274
Figure 1-13. Routing the Fiber-Optic Cables - Nonprotected System
To Customer Equipment
0304
Figure 1-14. Routing the Fiber-Optic Cables - Protected System
Installation 1-13
Installing the ODU
Installing the ODU

There are four ODU mounting scenarios: Slip-fit with horizontal polarization Slip-fit with vertical polarization Space diversity with flexible waveguide Space diversity with flexible waveguide/Slip-fit with horizontal polarization
The ODU can be connected directly to the antenna using a Slip fit connector or connected remotely using flexible waveguide. Space diversity combines direct and remote mounted antennas. The ODU can be offset mounted to the left or right. The offset refers to the antenna being mounted to one side or the other of the mounting pole. Whether an antenna is offset to the left or right is site dependent.
Note: Install the antenna and antenna mount according to the manufacturers installation instructions included with the antenna and mount assembly.
Remote Mount
The ODU is mounted away from the antenna on a pipe or wall. There are two methods to mount the ODU to a pipe: Mounting the ODU to the same pipe as the antenna is mounted. Installing a separate pipe mounting kit specifically designed for the ODU remote mount. Fastening the pipe mounting kit to a wall using lag bolts or other suitable fasteners. The plates in the pipe mounting kit can be fastened directly to the wall with lag bolts or other suitable fasteners.
There are also two methods to mount the ODU to a wall:
With either wall-mount method, the plates attach to the ODU by the four threaded holes. Flexible waveguide is used for the RF antenna interface with all remote mounting methods. Flexible waveguide is available in 24 in., 30 in., and 36 in. (60.7 cm, 76.2 cm and 91.4 cm) lengths.
Caution: If lubricant is used in the threaded holes in the ODU, avoid applying excessive amounts. An excess of lubricant can create undue pressure when compressed by the bolts resulting in damage to the ODU housing.
1-14 Installation
Installing the ODU
0287
Figure 1-15. ODU Remote Mount
Installation 1-15
Installing the ODU
Horizontal Polarization
Radio Bracket with four M6 x 16mm HD Screws Waveguide Spacer with "O"- Ring Attach Radio using four sets of M10 x 20mm Hex Head Bolts and Washers supplied with Radio
Reflector Plate Feed Receptacle with "O" - Ring supplied with Feed
0317
Figure 1-16. Horizontal Polarization
1-16 Installation
Installing the ODU
Vertical Polarization
Feed Receptacle and "O"- Ring supplied with feed Polarization Rotator with "O"- Ring Waveguide Spacer with "O"- Ring
Attach Radio Bracket to Reflector Plate using four sets of M6 Flat Head Screws and 19mm dia. Spacers
Reflector Plate
Antenna
0318
Attach Radio using four sets of M10 x 20mm Hex Head Bolts and Washers provided with Radio
Figure 1-17. Vertical Polarization
Installation 1-17
Installing the ODU
Space Diversity - Slip Fit and Waveguide

The flexible waveguide connector bolts on to the ODU waveguide flange.
Waveguide Spacer or Polarization Rotator "O"- Ring "O"- Ring Receptacle
DMC supplied part of ISK
Reflector Plate
Standoff Antenna
0319
WR112 Waveguide Assembly
Radio Mounting Bracket with clearance for Waveguide Assembly
Figure 1-18. Space Diversity - Slip Fit and Waveguide
1-18 Installation
Installing the ODU
Space Diversity - Flexible Waveguide

Space diversity requires two antennas each for the near and far ends (Figure 1-19). Each antenna is remote mounted to the ODU (connected to the ODU with flexible waveguide).
0300
Figure 1-19. Space Diversity - Flexible Waveguide
Installation 1-19
Installing the ODU
"O"- Ring (far side) Apply a small amount of silicon grease Flat Washer
SplitLock Washer
Waveguide Connector ODU Waveguide Flange (front view)
ODU
0299
Figure 1-20. Flexible Waveguide Connection
Space Diversity - Remote and Direct Mounting

The flexible waveguide connector bolts on to the ODU waveguide flange.
"O"- Ring (far side) Apply a small amount of silicon grease Flat Washer
SplitLock Washer
Waveguide Connector ODU Waveguide Flange (front view)
ODU
0299
Figure 1-21. Flexible Waveguide Connector
1-20 Installation
Installing the ODU
Offset Configuration
The ODU can be mounted offset either to the right or to the left of the mounting pole. The ODU cover can then be installed on either side of the ODU to accommodate either configuration. To reconfigure the ODU offset configuration, remove the washer from the top and bottom hinges. Lift the cover up and off the hinges. Rotate the cover so that it fits on the hinges on the other side. Replace the washers.
9=IDAH
0309
Figure 1-22. ODU Offset Configuration
Installation 1-21
Installing the IDU/ODU Coaxial Cable

A 75-ohm coaxial cable connects the IDU to the ODU. The cable connects power to the ODU and allows data to flow between the IDU and ODU. The IDU provides one TNC-female connector for each SP module. This connector is located on the Access Panel. The ODU connector is one TNC-female connector for each radio side. This connector is located on the bottom of the ODU. Install one cable in a nonprotected system, two cables in a protected system. Do not use cables with a copper-clad steel center conductor. The cables should be double- or triple-shielded. Figure 1-2 lists recommended coaxial cables. The recommended crimp-type TNC connectors are:
Note:
For RG-6 (Belden 9248): 039-361312-001 For RG-11 (Belden 9292): 039-361312-002 For RG-6 (Belden 9248): 008-311000-026 For RG-11 (Belden 9292): 008-311000-027
The recommended crimping tools for TNC connectors are:
If there is a conflict of information in this section with the information of the connector manufacturer, follow the procedures of the connector manufacturer.
Table 1-2. Recommended Coaxial Cable

Cable Part No. Belden 9248 (RG-6/U type) Belden 9292 (RG-11/U type) Impedance 75 75 No. of Shields Two Duofoil + 61% tinned copper braid Use with Connector Type TNC TNC Cable Length Up to 106 meters (350 ft.) Up to 259meters (850 ft.)
Preparing the TNC Connectors

Prepare the cable and install the connector as follows: 1. Cut through the outer jacket, shields, and center conductor dielectric to expose 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) of the center conductor. If the center of the conductor is nicked or cut, begin again.
1-22 Installation
3.2 mm (1/8 in) Conductor

0142
2. Remove 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) of the outer jacket and outer foil shield. If any strands of the shield braid are cut, begin again.
6.4 mm (1/4 in) Inner Shield Braid Outer Shield Braid
0143
3. Fold the exposed braid over the outer jacket. 4. Remove any pieces of the outer foil shield.
Inner Shield Braid
0144
Outer Shield Braid
5. Remove the inner foil shield from the center conductor dielectric. If the center conductor dielectric is cut, begin again. 6. Place the pin on the center conductor. 7. Crimp the pin onto the center conductor.
Pin
0145
8. Install the connector. 9. Crimp the sleeve of the connector. 10. Check the resistance between the conductor and shield (connector) to ensure there is not a short.
Installation 1-23
Connector Sleeve
Connector
0146
Coax Cable Service Loop

Note: If installing a protected system, label each coaxial cable as A-side or B-side.
Route the coaxial cable from the ODU to the IDU through any pipes, grommets, or other openings. The cable is to be secured from end to end according to local regulations and guidelines. There must be enough cable (service loop) at each end of the cable run to accommodate connecting equipment.
Identifying A-side and B-side Cables

If the cables are not labelled, you can perform a resistance check to identify each cable.
Caution: Check that the coaxial cable is not connected to the IDU or ODU before starting this procedure.
1. Apply a short between the shield and the center conductor of one cable at ODU location. 2. With an ohmmeter at the IDU side of the cable, measure the resistance of each coaxial cable from the shield to center conductor. The cable that you applied the short to will have a much lower resistance than the other cable. 3. Label the identified cable as A at both ends. Label the other coaxial cable as B at both ends of the cable.
1-24 Installation
Connecting the Coaxial Cable

This procedure describes how to connect the coaxial cables in a protected system. In a nonprotected system, the A-side of the IDU is connected to the A-side on the ODU. The connectors for installation are listed in Table 1-3 and shown in Figure 1-23. Table 1-3. ODU Connectors
Connector Type TNC BNC Waveguide Flange Ground Lug Description ODU to IDU cable connector. Access point for monitoring RSSI (AGC) voltage during system set-up or system maintenance. Antenna to ODU interface. Waveguide types, flanges and screw sizes vary with the frequency band of the radio. Connection to earth or station ground on tower or other mounting structure.
A Side
0235
B Side
Figure 1-23. ODU TNC Connectors To connect coaxial cables to the Altium system: 1. Install the protective cap on the RSSI connector of the ODU. 2. Check that the connectors of the coaxial cables have been labelled. One cable should have each of its connectors labelled A and the other cable should have each of its connectors labelled B. 3. At the ODU, connect the coaxial cable labelled A to the A connector. Connect the coaxial cable labelled B to the B connector. 4. Apply the Vapor Wrap from the installation kit to the TNC connector on the ODU, fully covering the connector to add another weather barrier. 5. At the IDU, connect the coaxial cable labelled A to the A connector (Figure 1-24). Connect the coaxial cable labelled B to the B connector.
Installation 1-25
STATUS MAJ MIN ODU MAINT
0301
Figure 1-24. Connecting the Coaxial Cables to the IDU
1-26 Installation
Powering Up
Powering Up
Before you power up the Altium system, check that: the system is adequately grounded input voltage is between -40.5 VDC and -72 VDC fuses are removed
Attach the power connectors to the power input receptacle on the Altiums Access Panel (Figure 1-25). The negative battery lead is fused at the Access Panel. The fuses, labelled A and B for A-side and B-side radios, act as switches for applying power to the Altium system. To apply power: 1. Insert each fuse into its fuse holder. 2. Turn the fuse to the right ( ) 900 to lock the fuse in its fuse holder. 3. Turn the fuse to the right ( ) another 900 to apply power.
ESD
VF DATA
B
ALARMS
0302
Figure 1-25. Using the Fuses to Apply Power
Installation 1-27
Aligning the Antenna

Antenna alignment is performed with both the near-end and the far-end terminals operating. The antenna position is adjusted while monitoring the RSSI (AGC) for antenna alignment voltage. The higher the RSSI voltage reading, the weaker the signal. To convert a voltage reading (in millivolts) to decibels, divide the voltage reading by ten. Example: 200 mV = -20 dBm. 210 mV = -21 dBm.
Caution: To ensure optimum system performance, the main lobe of the antenna must be aligned with the center of the far end antenna. Rotate the antenna through the range of radiated power so the main lobe can be positively identified. Each side lobe is approximately 20 dB (200 mV) lower than the preceding lobe as you move away from the main lobe.
This antenna alignment procedure is applicable to both protected and nonprotected system configurations. Align the antenna as follows:
Note: Repeat this procedure if the initial alignment does not produce the correct RSSI reading.
1. Consult your path calculation and adjust the radios attenuation level so the -20 dBm (200 mV) maximum is not exceeded at the receiving ODU. Attenuation is set through the WMT (select Configure Radios >> Transceiver). 2. Verify that the IDU and ODU at the far end is operational. 3. At the near-end ODU, remove the protective cap from the RSSI BNC connector. 4. Connect a voltmeter to the RSSI connector and set the voltmeter to measure VDC. 5. Pivot the antenna slowly in the azimuth direction. Monitor the voltmeter and locate the position where the voltage is minimum (null) and record the reading.
Caution: Maximum allowed received signal level is -20 dBm (RSSI reading is greater than 200 mV). If the voltage does not go above approximately 200 mV during alignment, attenuate the power of the transmitter. Refer to Step 1.
6. Monitor the voltmeter and pivot the antenna in the elevation direction. Pivot the antenna to the position where the voltage is minimum on the voltmeter and record the reading. 7. Repeat these steps as necessary to get an accurate reading. 8. Tighten all fasteners and check that the null has not changed. If the null has changed, repeat the procedure until the null is maintained after tightening the fasteners. 9. Through the WMT, check the B side RSSI (AGC) level to assure proper operation. 10. Disconnect the voltmeter and replace the RSSI protective cap.
Note: The signal level over the link is not optimal until both antennas are correctly aligned.
1-28 Installation
RSSI A
RSSI B
0237
Figure 1-26. RSSI Connector (Protected ODU shown)
Figure 1-27. Antenna Alignment
Installation 1-29
Connecting External Equipment

You can connect various types of equipment and applications to the Altium system through industry standard connectors on the Access Panel (Figure 1-28). You can connect: the WMT workstation through the Ethernet hub or Maint connector the Handset through the Handset connector to a LAN through the Ethernet hub Data applications through the VF/Aux Data connector Voice applications through the VF/Aux Data connector Alarm applications through the Control/Alarms connector
This section does not discuss the power connector (Power on page 1-3), fuses (Power on page 1-3), the ESD connector (Grounding on page 1-5), or the coaxial cable connectors (Connecting the Coaxial Cable on page 1-25).
Fiber Connectors
Fan
Signal Processor A
Signal Processor B 10BaseT Ethernet Hub 1 2 3 4

ESD
Handset Connector
ISAC
VF/AUX DATA
NMS/AUX 1
NMS/AUX 2
CONTROL/ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 3
0286
Figure 1-28. Access Panel Connectors
Ethernet Hub
Four RJ-45 connectors provide 10 Base-T Ethernet access (Figure 1-29). The Ethernet data rate is 10 Mbps on the bridge ports and 128 Kbps across the link. The connector on the first port (Connector 1) provides a Media Dependent Interface (MDI-X), a standard interface for unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable. MDI-X provides the crossover function that is necessary when chaining Ethernet hubs together. The connectors for ports 2, 3, and 4 are wired as an MDI interface. The pinout functions are opposite that of port 1 (Table 1-4). The MDI-X interface allows you to use a straight-through cable to chain Ethernet hubs together: you connect an MDI-X port to an MDI port. To use a crossover cable, connect an MDI-X port to an MDI-X port or connect an MDI port to an MDI port (Figure 1-30). When daisychaining Altium systems together through the Ethernet hub,
1-30 Installation
remember that: Maximum cable length including drop leads is 100 meters Each cable provides a point-to-point connection Each cable is a single segment The cable must be between 85 ohms and 110 ohms The cable are terminated with RJ45 connectors
Table 1-4. Ethernet Hub Pinouts

Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Connector 1 (MDI-X) Ethernet transmit data + Ethernet transmit data Ethernet receive data + No Connection No Connection Ethernet receive data No Connection No Connection I/O I I O O Connectors 2, 3, 4 (MDI) Ethernet receive data + Ethernet receive data Ethernet transmit data + No Connection No Connection Ethernet transmit data No Connection No Connection I/O O O I I -
1
0284
Figure 1-29. Ethernet Hub Pin Locations
Installation 1-31
ISAC
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
ALARMS
MAINT
ISAC
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
ALARMS
MAINT
0308
Figure 1-30. Daisychaining at a Repeater Site
ISAC
ESD
ISAC
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
ALARMS
MAINT
ALARMS
MAINT
ISAC
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
ALARMS
MAINT
ISAC
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
ALARMS
MAINT
Figure 1-31. Daisychaining at a Hub Site
1-32 Installation
Handset Connector
The engineering orderwire (EOW) handset interface is an RJ-11, six-wire modular jack located on the ISAC (Table 1-5 and Table 1-32). The speaker on the ISAC module provides ringing for the handset.
Table 1-5. Handset RJ-11 Connector Pinouts

Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 I/O No Connection No Connection I/O I/O No Connection No Connection Function No Connection No Connection Orderwire transmit/receive, tip Orderwire transmit/receive, ring No Connection No Connection
0285
Figure 1-32. Handset RJ-11 Connector
Installation 1-33
NMS/Aux 1 Connector
The NMS/Aux 1 port provides a DB-9 male connector for an EIA/TIA-574 level (RS-232) DTE serial interface (Figure 1-33). The port is self-configurable from 50 to 19.2 kbps. NMS/Aux 1 supports a dedicated, high-speed dial-up modem.
'
DB-9M
Figure 1-33. NMS/Aux 1 DTE Connector
Table 1-6. NMS/AUX 1 DTE Connector Pinouts

Function Received Line Signal Detector Received Data Transmitted Data DTE Ready Signal Ground DCE Ready Request to Send Clear to Send Ring Indicator Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I/O I I O O I O I I
1-34 Installation
NMS/Aux 2, NMS/Aux 3 Connector

Two male DB-9 connectors provide an RS-232, V.28 level asynchronous, DTE serial interface (Figure 1-34). These ports are self-configurable up to 19.2 Kbps.
'
DB-9M
Figure 1-34. NMS/Aux 2, NMS/Aux 3 DTE Connectors
Table 1-7. NMS/AUX 2, NMS/Aux 3 DTE Connector Pinouts

Function No Connection Received Data Transmitted Data No Connection Ground No Connection No Connection No Connection No Connection Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I/O I O -
Installation 1-35
MAINT Connector
A DB-9 female connector provides an RS-232, V.28 level asynchronous, DCE serial interface that is self-configurable from 75 bps to 115200 bps (Figure 1-35). The WMT connects to the MAINT connector.
DB-9F
Figure 1-35. Maint DCE Connector
Table 1-8. Maint DCE Connector Pinouts

Function No Connection Received Data Transmitted Data No Connection Ground No Connection No Connection No Connection No Connection Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I/O O I -
1-36 Installation
VF/AUX DATA Connectors

The VF/AUX DB-37 female connector provides an interface for two voice frequency (VF) channels and two data channels (Figure 1-36).
19
37
20
DB-37f
Figure 1-36. VF/AUX DATA Connector
Table 1-9. VF/AUX DATA Connector Pinouts

Function Ground Auxiliary channel 1 transmit data, + Auxiliary channel 1 transmit data, Auxiliary channel 2 transmit data, + Auxiliary channel 2 transmit data, Auxiliary channel transmit clock, + Auxiliary channel transmit clock, Auxiliary channel 1 receive data, + Auxiliary channel 1 receive data, Auxiliary channel 2 receive data, + Auxiliary channel 2 receive data, Auxiliary channel receive clock, + Auxiliary channel receive clock, Voice channel 1 port 1 transmit, TIP transmit RING receive TIP receive RING Pin No 1 20 2 21 3 22 4 23 5 24 6 25 7 26 8 28 10 I/O I I I I I I/O I/O O O O O O O I I O O
Installation 1-37
Table 1-9. VF/AUX DATA Connector Pinouts (Continued)

Function Voice channel 1 port 2 transmit, TIP transmit RING receive TIP receive RING Voice channel 1 port 3 transmit, TIP transmit RING receive TIP receive RING Voice channel 2 port 1 transmit, TIP transmit RING receive TIP receive RING Voice channel 2 port 2 transmit, TIP transmit RING receive TIP receive RING Voice channel 2 port 3 transmit, TIP transmit RING receive TIP receive RING Pin No 30 12 34 16 31 13 35 17 27 9 29 11 32 14 36 18 33 15 37 19 I/O I I O O I I O O I I O O I I O O I I O O
1-38 Installation
CONTROL/ALARMS Connector
The CONTROL/ALARMS DB-37 female connector provides eight TTL inputs, four TTL outputs, and four relays (Figure 1-37).
19
37
20
DB-37f
Figure 1-37. Control/Alarms Connector
Table 1-10.Control/Alarms Connector

Function Ground External TTL input 1, External TTL input 2 External TTL input 3 External TTL input 4 External TTL input 5 External TTL input 6 External TTL input 7 External TTL input 8 Common Ground TTL Control output 1 TTL Control output 2 TTL Control output 3 TTL Control output 4 Relay control output 1, normally closed contact Relay control output 1, common contact Relay control output 1, normally open contact Relay control output 2, normally closed contact Relay control output 2, common contact Relay control output 2, normally open contact Pin No 1 20 2 21 3 22 4 23 5 24 6 25 7 26 8 27 9 28 10 29 I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O I/O
Installation 1-39
Table 1-10.Control/Alarms Connector (Continued)

Function Relay control output 3, normally closed contact Relay control output 3, common contact Relay control output 3, normally open contact Relay control output 4, normally closed contact Relay control output 4, common contact Relay control output 4, normally open contact Ground Speaker output, tip Speaker output, ring Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Pin No 11 30 12 31 13 32 14 33 15 34 16 35 17 36 18 37 19 O O I/O O O O O O O
1-40 Installation
Chapter 2 System Commissioning
This chapter provides information on verifying the correct operation of the Altium system after installation.
Overview
System commissioning testing verifies proper operation of a newly installed DMC Altium radio system. This chapter provides testing procedures to insure the radio system is performing according to specifications. In some cases, more extensive testing (optional) may be necessary as dictated by local requirements. These test procedures are also provided. It is assumed that antenna alignment is complete and there are no system alarms.
Note: In many installations the Altium ODU is mounted directly on the antenna with a Slip-fit connector. Performing the optional commissioning tests are not always practical and are left to the discretion of the user.
Tests Performed
Local and remote loopbacks RSSI measurement Fade margin calculation Bit error performance Voltage checks TX power (checked with WMT) Frequency check (checked with WMT)
System Commissioning 2-1
Preliminary Checks
Required Test Equipment

Laptop computer Optical STM-1/OC-3 Bit Error Analyzer Digital voltmeter (DVM)
Optional Tests
Optional tests require the following test equipment: Fade margin TX power Frequency check Receive signal level measurement
Optional Test Equipment

Power meter Frequency counter Variable Vane attenuator (0-50 dB) Necessary waveguide-SMA transitions, cables, screws and nuts
Preliminary Checks
Preliminary checks are intended to visually inspect and record the state of the Altium installation before you begin the commissioning tests. Check the following: 1. Visually inspect all equipment for obvious physical damage that occurred during the installation. (Minor paint scratches can be expected.) 2. Make sure all equipment and cabling is tightly secured and properly dressed. 3. Equipment has been properly grounded. Note any discrepancies in the Notes section of the field commissioning form.
2-2 System Commissioning
Test Procedures
Test Procedures
Before you begin these test procedures make sure you have all the required test equipment and accessories. These procedures are written assuming you are commissioning an MHSB 1+1 system. You might need to adjust these procedures to accommodate your particular system configuration. Use the Altium System Field Commissioning Form, located at the end of this chapter, to record system data and test results. Make copies of this form - do not use the original. Some tests require viewing certain WMT screens. Refer to Chapter 4, WMT Screens Reference, for more information.
Customer Information
On the Altium System Field Commissioning Form, record the Customer Information in the appropriate section of the form. Refer to Altium System Field Commissioning Form on page 2-13.
Test Data
Input DC Voltage
Using a DVM, measure and record the input DC voltage at the power connector on the front of the IDU panel. Record the reading.
WMT RSSI
On the WMT, go to the Events & Performance screen and select RSSI. Record the reading. See RSSI on page 4-64.
WMT TX Power
On the WMT, go to the Transceiver Configuration screen. Record the reading. See Transceiver Configuration on page 4-52.
WMT TX/RX Frequency

On the WMT, go to the Synthesizer Configuration screen. Record the reading. See Synthesizer Configuration on page 4-50.
Calculated Fade Margin

Subtract the WMT RSSI reading from the Altium receiver threshold specification and record this number on the commissioning form. Example: The WMT RSSI displayed a reading of 38dBm. The Altium receiver specification is 69dBm at 10-6. Subtracting 38 from 69 results in a calculated fade margin of 31dB. (Receiver specification depends on the radio frequency and bit rate.)
Test Procedures
Loopback Tests
The loopback test checks the operation of the entire radio system. These tests can substitute for BER tests using external BER test set if such a test set is not available.
Local IF Loopback
1. Go to the loopback section on the WMT. 2. Select SP-A. 3. Select Local IF loopback. 4. Select Tributary 1. 5. Click Run Test. 6. Run the test for the required amount of time, then click Stop Test. 7. Note and record the number of errors on the commissioning form. 8. Repeat the test sequence for SP-B. 9. Repeat the test sequence for SP-A & SP-B at the other end of the link.
Remote LIU Loopback

1. Go to the Locking Control screen on the WMT. See Locking Controls Screen on page 4-72. 2. Select the A-side RF TX & RX and the SP RX selections at both ends of the link. 3. Go to the loop back section on the WMT. 4. Select Remote LIU loop back. 5. Select Tributary 1. 6. Click Run Test. 7. Run the test for the required amount of time then click Stop Test. 8. Note and record the number of errors on the commissioning form. 9. Select the B-side RF TX & RX and the SP RX selections at both ends of the link. 10. Go to the loop back section on the WMT. 11. Select Remote LIU loopback. 12. Select Tributary 1. 13. Click Run Test. 14. Run the test for the required amount of time then click Stop Test. 15. Note and record the number of errors on the commissioning form.
Note: It is not necessary to repeat these steps from the other end of the link.
Test Procedures
Bit Error Tests

1. Connect a BERTS test set to the SP-A optical connections at each end of the link. If only one BERT test set is available, a cable can be used to loop back the optical TX & RX at one end of the link. (Check installation section in manual for exact location.) 2. Select the A-side RF TX & RX and the SP RX selections at both ends of the link. 3. Run the test for required amount of time. 4. Record the test time and number of errors on the commissioning form. 5. Connect a BERTS test set to the SP-B optical connections at each end of the link. If only one BERT test set is available, a cable can be used to loop back the optical TX & RX at one end of the link. 6. Select the B-side RF TX & RX and the SP RX selections at both ends of the link. 7. Run the test for required amount of time. 8. Record the test time and number of errors on the commissioning form. This completes the normal commissioning tests for the Altium radio system. If all tests have met specified parameters, your system is now ready to have traffic connected. If any tests have failed to meet specifications, consult the troubleshooting section of this manual for assistance (Chapter 3, System Troubleshooting). If further help is required, contact DMC customer service.
Optional Tests
Optional Tests
Note: In many installations the Altium ODU is mounted directly on the antenna with a slip fit connector. Performing the optional commissioning tests is not always practical and are left to the discretion of the user.
Receive Signal Level (RSL)

Refer to the test setup shown in Figure 2-1. 1. Measure and record the Receive Signal Level on the commissioning form.
Note: It is not necessary to repeat these steps from the other end of the link.
Fade Margin Test

Refer to the test setup shown in Figure 2-2. 1. To connect SMA cables and the variable vane attenuator (AT1), first connect the ODU end of SMA cable B to the power meter. Set AT1 to 0 dB attenuation. 2. Take this measurement and subtract this reading from the RSL reading taken in the RSL test. This is the loss through SMA cables A and B plus AT1. Example: RSL test measured a 38 dBm. Measurement at SMA cable B is 41 dBm. 38 from 41 is a 3 dB loss through the test set up. 3. Connect SMA cables and AT1. 4. Connect the BERTS test set to the on line SP module. 5. Slowly insert attenuation with AT1. 6. Continue until the BERTS test set indicates a BER rate of 10-6. 7. Note the attenuation setting on AT1. 8. Add the test set up loss calculated in Step 2 to the attenuation setting on AT1. This is the actual fade margin. Example: Step 2 shows a 3 dB test set up loss. AT1 shows 28 dB of attenuation. Adding 28 to the test set up loss (3 dB) shows a fade margin of 31 dB.
Note: The optional fade margin test should be within +/- 4 dB of the calculated fade margin noted in the Test Data section of the commissioning form. It is not necessary to repeat these steps from the other end of the link.
Optional Tests
Frequency Measurement
Refer to the test setup shown in Figure 2-3. 1. Go the WMT Locking Control screen and select A-side RF TX. See Locking Controls Screen on page 4-72. 2. Take the frequency measurement and record it on the commissioning form. 3. Go to the WMT Locking Control screen and select B-side RF TX. 4. Take the frequency measurement and record it on the commissioning form. 5. Repeat steps 1-5 at the other end of the link.
Note: The frequency counter must be able to average the QAM modulated signal to read the correct frequency.
TX Power
Refer to the test setup shown in Figure 2-4. 6. Go to the WMT Locking Control screen and select the A-side RF TX. See Locking Controls Screen on page 4-72. 7. Take the TX power measurement and record it on commissioning form. 8. Go to the WMT Locking Control screen and select B-side RF TX. 9. Take the TX power measurement and record it on commissioning form. 10. Repeat these steps at the other end of the link. This completes the optional commissioning tests for the Altium radio system. If all tests have met specified parameters, your system is now ready to have traffic connected. If any tests have failed to meet specifications, consult the troubleshooting section of this manual for assistance (Chapter 3, System Troubleshooting). If further help is required, contact DMC customer service.
Optional Tests
Remote
Local
Altium ODU ODU, Prot.
Waveguide-SMA transition (4) SMA Cable Power Sensor
RG-6 Cables Power Meter
Altium ODU
RG-6 Cables
Signal Module Signal Module ISAC Module
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
Fan
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
Signal Module
MAJ MIN ODU MAINT
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2
Signal Module ISAC Module

ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
Fan
Altium IDU
B
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2
MAJ
MIN
ODU
MAINT
WMT
Altium IDU to SP module under test
0313
BERTS Bit Error Rate Test Set
Figure 2-1. Test Setup - Received Signal Level
Optional Tests
Remote
Local
Waveguide-SMA transition (4)
SMA Cable A RG-6 Cables AT1 Power Meter

ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
Altium ODU
RG-6 Cables Power Sensor
Fan
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
Signal Module
MAJ MIN ODU MAINT
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2

ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
Fan
Altium IDU
B
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2
MAJ
MIN
ODU
MAINT
WMT
0312
Figure 2-2. Test Setup - Fade Margin
Optional Tests
Remote
Local
SMA Cable
7.775.00
RG-6 Cables
Frequency Counter
Altium ODU
RG-6 Cables
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
Fan
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
Signal Module
MAJ MIN ODU MAINT
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2

ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
Fan
Altium IDU
B
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2
MAJ
MIN
ODU
MAINT
WMT
0315
Figure 2-3. Test Setup - Frequency Measurement
Optional Tests
Remote
Local
SMA Cable Power Meter Power Sensor Altium ODU
RG-6 Cables
RG-6 Cables
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
Fan
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
Signal Module
MAJ MIN ODU MAINT
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2

ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
Fan
Altium IDU
B
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2
MAJ
MIN
ODU
MAINT
WMT
0314
Figure 2-4. Test Setup - Transmit Power
Optional Tests
Optional Tests
Altium System Field Commissioning Form

Customer Information
Customer: _________________________________________________________________________ Site Name: _________________________ Terminal Configuration Non-Protected 1+0 MHSB 1+1 Terminal Data IP Address: _______________________ RG-6 Cable Length: _____________________ Antenna Azimuth: ________________ Antenna Size: ___________________________ Orderwire Address: _______________ Far End: __________________________
Space Diversity
Frequency Diversity
Test Data
Input DC Voltage: WMT RSSI: WMT TX Power: A: _______VDC A: _______ dBm A: _______ dBm B: _______ VDC B: _______ dBm B: _______ dBm
WMT TX/RX Frequency: TX: _______________ GHz RX: _______________ GHz Calculated Fade Margin: _______ dBm
Loopback Tests
Local IF Loopback: Remote IF Loopback: A: pass A: pass fail fail B: pass B: pass fail fail
Bit Error Tests

A to A: Test Duration __________ HoursNumber of Errors: __________ B to B: Test Duration ___________ HoursNumber of Errors: __________
Optional Tests
Optional Tests
Receive Signal Level: _______ dBm Fade Margin: _______ dBm TX Power: TX Frequency A:_______ dBm B:_______ dBm
A:_______________ GHzB:_______________ GHz
Notes:________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 3 System Troubleshooting
This chapter provides information on: interpreting the LED indicators on the IDU and system modules; replacing modules.
Overview
Each replaceable module in the Altium system is equipped with a red module fail LED. When this LED is on, it usually indicates that the module should be replaced. Before you begin troubleshooting the Altium radio: Check the coaxial cable - Perform a visual inspection on each cable for any sign of kinks, unnecessary bending, and cracking or other damage to the insulation To replace the coaxial cable, refer to Installing the IDU/ODU Coaxial Cable on page 1-22. Check the signal path - The path can be monitored by checking the received signal level and BER performance through the WMT. Refer to Aligning the Antenna on page 1-28 to measure the received signal level. Check power - Use a digital voltmeter to check that the power supply input and output are within limits. Power to the Altium system must be between -40.5 VDC and -72 VDC.
The WMT is also an important troubleshooting tool: you use it to view error messages, status screens, and to perform any system reconfiguration. Refer to Chapter 4, WMT Screens Reference, for more information.
System Troubleshooting 3-1
LED Alarm and Status Indications

IDU LEDs
Figure 3-1 describes the four status LEDs on the Access Panel and the LED indicators on the various Altium modules. MAJ (major) and MIN (minor) alarms indicate the current state of the Altium system.
ISAC Module Fail LED

Signal Processor A
SP Module Status LED
SP Module Fail LED
Fan Module Fail LED
Signal Processor B
ISAC
ESD
A B
NMS/AUX1
NMS/AUX1
MAINT
NMS/AUX2
0286
MAJ MIN ODU MAINT The MAJ LED lights red to indicate a traffic-affecting fault in the IDU, ODU, or transmit/receive paths. This LED can also indicate a BER performance worse than 10-3 in the online receive direction. The MIN LED lights yellow to indicate a non-traffic affecting fault. The fault can be in the IDU, ODU, or transmit/receive paths. A flashing yellow LED indicates that the far end receiver is showing a major alarm. The ODU LED lights red to indicate a traffic-affecting fault in the ODU. It lights yellow to indicate a non-traffic affecting fault and the fault is in the path or ODU. The MAINT LED lights green to indicate a normal condition. A flashing green LED indicates that a self test is in progress. The maintenance alarm LED lights yellow to indicate that switching is locked. A flashing yellow LED indicates that local or remote loopback testing is in progress. The maintenance alarm LED lights red to indicate that the ATPC request has timed out.
The ISAC Module fail LED lights red when the ISAC module is malfunctioning. When the ISAC module is working correctly, the module fail LED is off. The SP Module status LED lights green when the SP module (TX, RX or both) is online. When the SP module is offline, the LED is off. The SP Module fail LED lights red when the SP module is malfunctioning. When the SP module is working correctly, the module fail LED is off. The Fan Module fail LED lights red when the fan module is malfunctioning. When the fan module is working correctly, the module fail LED is off.
Figure 3-1. IDU LEDs
3-2 System Troubleshooting
ODU LEDs
Figure 3-2 describes the status LEDs on the OSAC module and the LED indicators on the RF plug-in modules.
A-side Module Fail LED B-side Module Fail LED A-side Status LED B-side Status LED OSAC Module Fail LED
The Module Fail LED is red. When the LED is on, the RF plug-in is malfunctioning. When the LED is off, the RF plug-in is working correctly. The Status LED is green. When the LED is on, the RF plug-in is on-line. When the LED is off, the RF plug-in is off-line.
The OSAC Module Fail LED is red. When it is on, the OSAC is malfunctioning. When it is off, the OSAC is working correctly. If this LED is flashing, the OSAC is being initialized or there is an RFTX switch fault.
Figure 3-2. ODU LEDs
LED Troubleshooting
LED Troubleshooting
Table 3-1. LED Troubleshooting
SP module fail LED Red WMT Events Possible Failure Recommended Action WMT Events Possible Failure Recommended Action SP A/B transmit summary alarm Optical input, Mux PLL, 310 IF Replace SP module. SP A/B receive summary alarm Demux PLL, Demod PLL Replace SP module.
ISAC module fail LED Red WMT Events Possible Failure Recommended Action Fan module fail LED Red WMT Events Possible Failure Recommended Action RF Plug-in LED Red WMT Events Possible Failure Recommended Action WMT Events Possible Failure Recommended Action OSAC LED Red WMT Events Possible Failure Recommended Action OSAC LED Flashing Red WMT Events Possible Failure Recommended Action RF TX A/B switch alarm RF Distribution module, Watchdog alarm Replace RF Distribution module. OSAC summary alarm OSAC ID PROM Replace OSAC module. RF Plug-in No Response TX synth, power amp, 310 ALC, ATPC Replace RF Plug-in module. RF plug-in receive summary alarm RX synth Replace RF Plug-in module. Fan summary alarm Front fan, rear fan, fan IDPROM Replace fan module. ISAC summary alarm Watchdog alarm, Serial device alarm, Ethernet hub alarm Replace ISAC module.
Indirectly Detected and Undetected Faults
Indirectly Detected and Undetected Faults

There can be faults that go undetected or are expressed by a module that is not itself the cause of the fault. This requires a process of elimination based on experience, especially since it is usually not practical to bring special test equipment to the site. As an example, if an RF Plug-in has a noisy receive local oscillator, this problem shows up as a high BER condition and possibly as a receive SP alarm LED. The first approach would be to replace the SP card. When this didnt solve the problem the RF Plug-in would be the next module to replace. After replacing the RF Plug-in module the problem would be resolved. A similar situation could arise from a path or remote transmitter problem, particularly in a non-protected system with only one receiver. The proper isolation of these types of problems comes from careful observation of present indications (active LEDs and WMT active fault log) and historical data (WMT fault history log). RSSI readings can also help determine whether it is a possible path condition that is causing the fault. If the Altium system is protected, various transmit/receive on-line combinations can be put into service to isolate the faulty unit. DMC customer service can also provide assistance. See Customer Service on page xiii.
Returning Equipment to DMC

When you replace a module that must be returned to DMC for repairs, you must: 1. Obtain a Return Material Authorization number from 2. Include the part number, serial number, and information regarding the environment the module operated in.
Replacing the SP Module Nonprotected System

Warning: Replacing the SP module in a nonprotected system will affect traffic.
1. Remove power from the IDU using the fuse on the Access Panel. Refer to Removing and Applying Power on page 3-10. 2. Disconnect the IF cable from the SP module (Figure 3-3). Make sure all cables are labelled before removing them. 3. Unseat the SP module using its extractor levers and slide the module out about 6 in. (15 cm) to access the optical connectors (Figure 3-4). 4. Remove the optical cables. Make sure all cables are labelled before removing them. 5. Remove the SP module. 6. Install the new SP module. In a nonprotected system, the SP module is installed in the upper slot. 7. Reconnect the cables. 8. Apply power. Refer to Removing and Applying Power on page 3-10.
Extractor Levers
I.F. Cable
0272
Figure 3-3. Replacing the SP Module - Nonprotected System
Out
0273
In
Customer Equipment
Figure 3-4. Replacing the SP Module - Nonprotected System
Replacing the SP Module Protected System

Warning: Replacing the SP module will affect traffic.
1. Remove power from the SP module you are replacing using the fuse on the Access Panel. Refer to Removing and Applying Power on page 3-10. 2. Disconnect the IF cable from the SP module (Figure 3-5). Make sure all cables are labelled before removing them. 3. Unseat the SP module using its extractor levers and slide the module out until about 6 in. (15 cm) to access the optical connectors. 4. Remove the optical cables. Make sure all cables are labelled before removing them. 5. Remove the SP module. 6. Install the new SP module and reconnect the cables. 7. Apply power. Refer to Removing and Applying Power on page 3-10.
Extractor Levers
I.F. Cable
0272
Figure 3-5. Replacing the SP Module - Protected System
Out
0273
In
Customer Equipment
Figure 3-6. Replacing the SP Module - Protected System
Removing and Applying Power
Removing and Applying Power

Warning: Removing power from the Altium radio will affect traffic.
Power to the Altium system is controlled through the two fuses, labelled A and B, on the Access Panel (Figure 3-7). The fuses also function as power switches. In a nonprotected system the fuse labelled A controls the power to the system. To remove power from the Altium system, turn each fuse one half turn to the left ( ). At this point, power is disconnected from the Altium system. To remove a fuse, turn the fuse another half turn to the left ( ) and pull it straight out. If you replace a fuse, use a 5 amp SloBlo (5 x 20) fuse.
ESD
VF DATA
B
ALARMS
0302
Figure 3-7. Removing and Applying Power
Replacing the ISAC Module

Replacing the ISAC does not affect traffic. The ISAC module can be replaced without powering down the IDU.
Caution: Use a wrist strap connected to the Front Panel ESD ground for all IDU module replacement.
1. Remove the Ethernet and handset cables from the ISAC module (Figure 3-8). Make sure all cables are labelled before removing them. 2. Unseat the ISAC module using its extractor levers and then slide it out two to three inches. Remove the two ribbon cables that connect the ISAC module to the motherboard. 3. Remove the ISAC module and place it on a flat static-free surface. 4. Remove the configuration PROM and insert it into the new ISAC module (Figure 3-9). 5. Install the new ISAC module and reconnect the ribbon cables before seating it. After the ribbon cables are reconnected, seat the module and reconnect the Ethernet hub and handset cables.
Ribbon Cables Ethernet Hub Extractor Levers
0206
Handset Connection
Figure 3-8. Removing Cables from the ISAC Module
Configuration PROM
0207
Figure 3-9. ISAC Configuration PROM
Replacing the Fan Module
Replacing the Fan Module

The fan module can be replaced without affecting traffic.
Warning: Do not operate the Altium system over 15 minutes without the fan module.
1. Unplug the fan module (Figure 3-10). 2. Install the new fan module.
0198
Pull Here
Fan
Figure 3-10. Replacing the Fan Module
Replacing the RF Plug-in Module Nonprotected System
Replacing the RF Plug-in Module Nonprotected System

1. Disconnect the rigid cables C1 - C3 shown in Figure 3-11. To disconnect a rigid cable, use a 3/8 in. (1 cm) hex wrench and loosen both ends of the cable. Then continue to loosen the hex nut on the RF Plug-in end of the rigid cable until you disconnect the cable.
Caution: Take care not to bend the rigid cables.
2. Loosen the captive fasteners F1 - F4. Captive fastener F3 is recessed and requires that you use a long, narrow-blade screwdriver to loosen it. 3. Remove RF unit. 4. Install the new RF unit. 5. Tighten the captive fasteners. 6. Connect the cables. Be careful you do not over-torque the hex nuts. 7. Check/set transmit and receive frequencies. 8. Check/set transmit output power. 9. Check RSSI voltage. 10. Check and verify performance.
C1
C2 F1, F2
F3*
C3 F4
0306
* Recessed. Use a long, narrow-blade screwdriver.
Figure 3-11. Replacing the RF Plug-in Module (Nonprotected System)
Replacing the RF Plug-in Module Protected System

There are two RF Plug-in modules in a protected system, labelled side A and Side B. Replacement procedures are the same for either side. Refer to Figure 3-12 to disconnect the rigid cables for the side you are replacing. 1. Disconnect the rigid cables shown in Figure 3-12. To disconnect a rigid cable, use a 3/8 in. (1 cm) hex wrench and loosen both ends of the cable. Then continue to loosen the hex nut on the RF Plug-in end of the rigid cable until you disconnect the cable.
2. Loosen the captive fasteners (Figure 3-12). 3. Remove RF unit. 4. Install the new RF unit. 5. Tighten captive fasteners. 6. Connect cables. Be careful you do not over-torque the hex nuts. 7. Check/set transmit and receive frequencies. 8. Check/set transmit output power. 9. Check RSSI voltage. 10. Check and verify performance.
C1 C4 C2 C5
F1, F2
F5, F6
F3*
F7*
C3 F4
C6 F8
0288
*Recessed. Use a long, narrow-blade screwdriver.
Figure 3-12. Replacing the RF Plug-in Module (Protected System)
Altium Microwave Radio System Replacing the RF Plug-in Module Space Diversity System
Replacing the RF Plug-in Module Space Diversity System

There are two RF Plug-in modules in a Space Diversity system, labelled side A and Side B. Replacement procedures are the same for either side. Refer to Figure 3-13 to disconnect the rigid cables for the side you are replacing. 1. Disconnect the rigid cables shown in Figure 3-13. To disconnect a rigid cable, use a 3/8 in. (1 cm) hex wrench and loosen both ends of the cable. Then continue to loosen the hex nut at the RF Plug-in to disconnect the cable from it.
2. Loosen the captive fasteners. 3. Remove RF unit. 4. Install the new RF unit. 5. Tighten captive fasteners. 6. Connect cables. Be careful you do not over-torque the hex nuts. 7. Check/set transmit and receive frequencies. 8. Check/set transmit output power. 9. Check RSSI voltage. 10. Check and verify performance.
Replacing the RF Plug-in Module Space Diversity System Altium Microwave Radio System
C1 C2
C4 C5
F1, F2
F5, F6
F3*
F7*
C3 F4
C6 F8
0307
*Recessed. Use a long, narrow-blade screwdriver.

Figure 3-13. Replacing the RF Plug-in Module (Space Diversity System)
Altium Microwave Radio System Replacing the RF Distribution Module Nonprotected System
Replacing the RF Distribution Module Nonprotected System

1. Disconnect the rigid cables shown in Figure 3-14. To disconnect a rigid cable, use a 3/8 in. (1 cm) hex wrench and loosen both ends of the cable. Then continue to loosen the hex nut at the RF distribution module to disconnect the cable it.
2. Loosen the captive fasteners. 3. Remove the RF distribution module. 4. Install the new RF distribution module. 5. Tighten the captive fasteners. 6. Connect cables. Be careful you do not over-torque the hex nuts. 7. Check/set transmit and receive frequencies. 8. Check/set transmit output power. 9. Check RSSI voltage. 10. Check and verify performance.
F1 F5 F6 F2 F3 F7 F8
F4
F9
0306rfd
Figure 3-14. Replacing the RF Distribution Module (Nonprotected System)
Replacing the RF Distribution Module Protected System

To remove the RF Distribution module, you must also remove the side B RF Plug-in Module. Screw heads on the side B RF plug-in module protrude into the clearance required to lift the RF distribution unit out. 1. Completely disconnect the rigid cables shown in Figure 3-15. To disconnect a rigid cable, use a 3/8 in. (1 cm) hex wrench and loosen both ends of the cable. Then continue to loosen the each hex nut to disconnect the cable.
2. Loosen the captive fasteners on the side B RF Plug-in Module and remove it. 3. Loosen the captive fasteners on the RF Distribution Module and remove it. 4. Install the new the RF distribution module and tighten the captive fasteners. 5. Install the RF Plug-in module and tighten the captive fasteners. 6. Connect cables. Be careful you do not over-torque the hex nuts. 7. Check/set transmit and receive frequencies. 8. Check/set transmit output power. 9. Check RSSI voltage. 10. Check and verify performance.
F5 F1
F6
F2 F3
F7 F8
F4
F9
0288rfd
Figure 3-15. Replacing the RF Distribution Module (Protected System)
Replacing the RF Distribution Module Space Diversity SystemAltium Microwave Radio System
Replacing the RF Distribution Module Space Diversity System

To remove the RF Distribution module, it is recommended that you first remove each RF Plug-in module (side A in a nonprotected ODU and sides A and B in a protected ODU). 1. Completely disconnect the rigid cables shown in Figure 3-14. To disconnect a rigid cable, use a 3/8 in. (1 cm) hex wrench and loosen both ends of the cable. Then continue to loosen the each hex nut to disconnect the cable.
2. Loosen the captive fasteners on the side B RF Plug-in Module and remove it. 3. Loosen the captive fasteners on the RF Distribution Module and remove it. 4. Install the new the RF distribution module and tighten the captive fasteners. 5. Install the RF Plug-in module and tighten the captive fasteners. 6. Connect cables. Be careful you do not over-torque the hex nuts. 7. Check/set transmit and receive frequencies. 8. Check/set transmit output power. 9. Check RSSI voltage. 10. Check and verify performance.
Altium Microwave Radio SystemReplacing the RF Distribution Module Space Diversity System
F7 F1 F8
F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
F9 F10 F11 F12 F13
0307rfd
Figure 3-16. Replacing the RF Distribution Module (Space Diversity System)
Replacing the OSAC Module
Replacing the OSAC Module

The procedure for replacing the OSAC module is the same for the nonprotected, protected, and protected space diversity system.
Note: Replacing the OSAC module does not affect traffic.
1. Loosen the captive fastener (A in Figure 3-17). 2. Pull the OSAC straight out. 3. Slide the new OSAC into the guides and push it firmly to seat it into the connector. 4. Tighten the captive fastener.
F1
0288osac
Figure 3-17. Replacing the OSAC Module
Chapter 4 WMT Screens Reference
This chapter provides provides information on: using the WMT; starting and exiting the WMT; connecting your terminal to the WMT; understanding the fields on each WMT screen.
Overview
The WMT allows you to: Set and change the Altium radios configuration: You can set and change radio configuration parameters at each end of a link, and make dynamic adjustments to these parameters, such as fine tuning attenuation levels and BER thresholds, and various other radio characteristics. Download software: You can download and activate software upgrades to both the near end and far end radios, or upgrade only selected radios on a link. Monitor and report status, performance, and alarms: You can monitor real time link status and performance data and identify radio or link problems. Several reports track link conditions that can help to isolate alarm conditions. Control operation: You can change protection settings to accommodate hardware configuration changes.
WMT Screens Reference 4-1
Overview
Web Maintenance Terminal
Table 4-1 lists all the WMT screens.
Table 4-1. WMT Screen Summary

Main Menu Configure Radios Screens on page 4-36 Submenu Submenu Link Status Screen on page 4-34 Link Information Screen on page 4-37 IDU Screens on page 4-38 Aux Data Channel Screen on page 4-38 External Mux on page 4-40 Relay Configuration on page 4-41 SP Configuration on page 4-42 Control TTL Input Configuration on page 4-43 Control TTL Output Configuration on page 4-44 VF Channel Configuration on page 4-45 ODU Screens on page 4-46 RF Control on page 4-46 RF Distribution Frequency on page 4-48 RF Distribution Configuration on page 4-49 Synthesizer Configuration on page 4-50 Transceiver Configuration on page 4-52 Network Management System on page 4-53 Maintenance Port on page 4-53 Modem Configuration on page 4-55 NMS on page 4-56 NMS Aux Ports Configuration on page 4-57 Configure Port 1 on page 4-58 Events and Performance Screens on page 4-59 Active Events on page 4-59 Performance on page 4-62 RSSI on page 4-64 Radio Status on page 4-65 Loopback Test Screen on page 4-66 Locking Controls Screen on page 4-72 Software Screens on page 4-73 Download Screen on page 4-73 Activate Screen on page 4-75 Software Versions Screen on page 4-76 Date and Time Screen on page 4-77 Manufacturing Data Screen on page 4-78
4-2 WMT Screens Reference
Overview
WMT Navigation
Because the WMT graphical interface is browser based, WMT functions and features are accessed through familiar buttons and dialog boxes. Browser navigation buttons (Figure 4-1): WMT functions - a dropdown list of functions. WMT functions submenu - some functions contain submenus and are displayed in this frame. Radio Address - the radios address is entered here. Display field - contains status and configuration settings. Modifiable field - these fields set parameters Frames - independently displayed areas of a screen.
Browser Navigation Buttons WMT Functions Submenu Frames Address of Radio

Display-only Field
Drop-down List of WMT Functions
Modifiable Field
Figure 4-1. WMT User Interface
Overview
A WMT session uses frames to display information. The top frame, which contains the WMT menu, is a permanent frame. It displays for all WMT screens. The starting screen for a WMT session is the Link Status screen (Figure 4-2). To go to another WMT screen, click in the menu list to display the WMT menu. Click a menu item to display that WMT screen. For example, click the menu list, click Configure Radios (Figure 4-3), and WMT displays the Configure Radios screen (Figure 4-4).
Figure 4-2. WMT Start-up Screen
Overview
Click to display the Configure Radios screen
Figure 4-3. WMT Menu List
Overview
Configure Radios Menu
Figure 4-4. Configure Radios Screen
Overview
Send and Reset Buttons

Some screens have a Send or Reset button. The Send button sends changed configuration information on the screen to the radio (Figure 4-5). The Reset button sets the statistics on the screen to zero; the WMT begins again to accumulate statistics for that screen (Figure 4-6).
Send Button
Figure 4-5. Send Button
Overview
Reset Button
Figure 4-6. Reset Button
Connecting the WMT to the Altium Radio

There are two ways to connect directly to the WMT: Connecting to the Ethernet hub. You use an Ethernet 10Base-T cable to connect your terminal, through its network interface card, to the Ethernet hub. See Making an Ethernet Connection on page 4-9. Connecting to the MAINT connector. You use a serial cable to connect your terminal (RS-232, V.28 signal levels), through a COMM port, to the MAINT connector on the Access Panel. See Connecting through the MAINT Connector on page 4-14.
A remote connection is described here as using the local radio as a gateway to connect to the far end. See Connecting to the Far End from the Local Radio on page 4-29.
ESD
VF DATA
NMS/AUX 1
NMS/AUX 1 STATUS
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2
MAJ
MIN
ODU MAINT
Ethernet Hub Serial Port Ethernet Card
MAINT Connector
0229
Figure 4-7. Connecting the WMT
Making an Ethernet Connection

To make an Ethernet connection from your terminal to the WMT, your terminal must be equipped with an Ethernet interface and you must use a length of 10Base-T cable. For more information on the Ethernet hub, see Ethernet Hub on page 1-30. This procedure describes how to determine the IP address and subnet mask for your terminal.
1. In the Control Panel, click Network.
Network
2. In Network, select TCP/IP...Ethernet and click Properties.
Properties
3. In Properties, enter the IP Address, the Subnet Mask, and click OK.
First determine what the subnet mask is. Examine the IP address of the Altium radio. The IP address is printed on the ISAC module. Use the modules extraction levers to pull the module out until you see the label with the IP address on it. Write the IP address down. Referring to Table 4-2, examine the first byte of the IP address to determine the subnet mask. Example: If the IP address of your Altium radio is 192.168.0.19, the first byte is 192. According to Table 4-2, the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. This is the entry for Subnet Mask.
Table 4-2. Subnet Mask

First Byte of IP Address From 192 to 255 From 128 to 191 From 1 to 127 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 255.255.0.0 255.0.0.0
The IP address of your terminal is determined using the IP address of the
Altium radio and the subnet mask. For each byte in the subnet mask that equals 255, use the corresponding byte in the Altium radios IP address to construct your terminals IP address. Zeros in the subnet mask indicate that the corresponding value in the terminals IP address can be any value from 0 to 255 that doesnt match that byte in the Altium radios IP address. Example: If the IP address of your Altium radio is 192.168.0.19, according to Table 4-2 the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. The corresponding bytes for the local terminals IP address are 192, 168, and 0. Use any number, except 19, for the last byte to obtain the IP address. In this example, using 1 gives an IP address of 192.168.0.1 for the local terminal. This is the entry for IP Address. 4. Message boxes prompt you to restart your terminal. Check the settings you made when your terminal has restarted. 5. Start you internet browser. 6. Enter the IP address of the local Altium radio as the URL. Example: http://192.168.0.19\Deafult.htm. Default.htm is the file name of the starting WMT screen. 7. The WMT should display the Link Status screen immediately.
Connecting through the MAINT Connector

You can make a serial connection to the Altium radio using an RS-232 cable to connect a COM port on your terminal to the MAINT connector on the Access Panel. This procedure also requires that you load a modem driver. The driver is on a floppy disk that comes with the Altium radio. This procedure must be completed once. 1. Open the Control Panel (Start|Settings|Contol Panel) 2. In the Control Panel click Modems.
Modem
3. In Modem Properties click Add.
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4. In Install New Modem, check Dont detect my modem... and click Next.
5. Click Have Disk...
6. Insert the floppy with the modem driver into the floppy drive on your terminal. In Install From Disk click OK. Use the Browse button to locate the modem driver if it is not on a floppy disk in your A:\ drive.
7. Select the file mdmcisc2.inf and click OK.
8. Select RAS Serial Cable between 2 PCs and click Next.
9. Select Communications Port (COM 2) (COM 1 on laptop computers) and click Next. The operating system displays a message indicating that the modem driver is being loaded onto your terminal.
10. Click Finish. This completes the process that adds the modem you use to connect to the Altium radio.
11. In Modem Properties, select RAS Serial Cable between 2 PCs and click Properties.
12. Select 57600 for Maximum speed and click OK.
13. Click Advanced.
14. Deselect Use flow control. Click Ok, OK to return to Modem Properties.
15. Click Close.
At this point, you have created a modem you can use to connect to the Altium system. You must add the modem to Dial-Up Networking. 1. Open Dial-Up Networking (My Computer|Dial-Up Networking).
2. In Make New Connection type a name for the Altium radio you are dialing. You can enter anything for the name but it should be descriptive. Select RAS Serial Cable between 2 PCs as the modem and click Next.
3. The Telephone number field requires an entry but it can be any telephone number. Click Next.
4. Click Finish to save your entry. Altium is added to the list of modems you can use for dial-up networking.
1. Open Dial-Up Networking (My Computer|Dial-Up Networking) and select the icon of the modem you added. In the example the modem is named Altium.
2. With Altium selected, click File|Properties.
3. Click the Server Types tab.
4. Check TCP/IP, uncheck everything else. Click TCP/IP Settings.
5. Enter any IP address except for the address of the Altium radio, for example 1.1.1.1. This is the IP address of the modem you added. Do not use the Ethernet IP address of your terminal. Check Use default gateway... and click OK, OK.
6. Double-click the modem you added.
7. In Connect To click Connect.
8. You are now connecting to the WMT.
9. Start your browser and enter the following URL: http://172.16.0.3/default.htm

Note: The MAINT ports on all Altium systems have an IP address of 172.16.0.3/default.htm.
Connecting to the Far End from the Local Radio

When a connection is established with the local radio, you can connect the WMT to the far end radio. 1. In the Control Panel, click Network.
2. In Network, select TCP/IP...Ethernet and click Properties.
Properties
3. In Properties, click Gateway.
/=JAM=O
4. In Gateway, enter the New gateway IP address. This is the IP address of the local Altium radio.
5. Click Add and OK. 6. Message boxes prompt you to restart your terminal. Check the settings you made when your terminal has restarted. 7. Start you internet browser. 8. Enter the IP address of the far end Altium radio for the URL. Example: http://192.168.0.23/Deafult.htm. Default.htm is the file name of the starting WMT screen. 9. The WMT displays the Link Status screen.
Starting the WMT
Starting the WMT

After making the appropriate cable connection to the radio, you can start the WMT application: 1. Begin by launching your web browser. 2. Enter an IP address. For an Ethernet connection, enter the IP address of the Altium radio. For a PPP connection, enter 172.16.0.3. 3. When the WMT successfully connects to the radio the Link Status screen appears (Figure 4-8).
Enter IP Address
Figure 4-8. Starting WMT
Exiting the WMT

You exit the WMT application by exiting your browser. This terminates the connection between your workstation and the Altium radio.
Link Status Screen
Link Status Screen

The Link Status screen displays the status and configuration of the radio connected to the WMT. When the link is connected, this screen displays information for the near end radio. If the ODU is not attached, ODU-related fields are not displayed. The Link Status screen is refreshed every 5 seconds to reflect any change in status information. The browser displays an error message when it cannot connect to the radio. Figure 4-9 shows the Link Status screen. Table 4-3 lists the form fields on the Link Status screen.
Figure 4-9. Link Status
Link Status Screen
Table 4-3. Link Status

Field Radio Type Frequency Band Capacity Bandwidth Site Name Radio Name Date Time VF EOW Scrambler Code Tx Frequency Rx Frequency Online Locking Status Description Displays the radio type (Altium). Radio type information is available from the SP module. Displays the operating frequency band (7 GHz). Displays the capacity of the radio (STM-1, 4E1 etc.). Displays the bandwidth of the radio (28 Mhz.). Displays the physical location of the radio. Displays the radio name. Displays the radios current date. Displays the radios current time. Displays the address for the handset. Displays the scrambler code for the link. Values are 1 or 0. Displays the operating transmit frequency. Displays the operating receive frequency. Displays the locking status of a protected radio showing both A and B side. Values are Lock A, Lock B, and Auto.
Configure Radios Screens

The Altium system must be configured during installation. Initially, the Altium radio operating parameters must be set or default parameters changed on the near and far ends of the link, before the radios will work correctly. The Configure Radios screens allow you to configure radios on both ends of the link. Radio configuration is set through these screens: Link Information IDU ODU RF Control RF Distribution Frequency RF Distribution Config Synthesizer Transceiver Maintenance Port Modem NMS NMS/Aux Phone Num Aux Data External Mux Relay SP TTL Input TTL Output VF Channel
Network Management
Link Information Screen

You use this form to set information that identifies the radio link. Figure 4-10 shows link information for the near end radio.
Figure 4-10. Link Information
Table 4-4. Link Information

Field Radio type Tx frequency Rx frequency Site Name Radio Name Comments Description Displays the types of radios for the link. Displays the transmit frequency for the radio. Displays the receive frequency for the radio. Enter the physical location of the terminal. Enter a name for the radio. Holds comments up to 96 characters long.
IDU Screens
You configure the IDU through these screens: Aux Data External Mux Relay SP TTL Input TTL Output VF Channel
Aux Data Channel Screen
Figure 4-11. Aux Data Channel
Figure 4-12. Configure Channels
Table 4-5. Aux Data Channel

Field Data Channel Number Data Channel Name Asynchronous/Synchronous For Asynchronous Data Rate (Configurable) Data, Stop, Parity Bits Pass Through For Synchronous TX Clock Type RX Clock Edge Type TX Clock Edge Type Select Internal or External Clock Select Rising or Falling Select Rising or Falling 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200. Data is 6, 7 or 8 bits, Stop is 1or 2, Parity is 0 or 1. Speed dependent performance. Description Displays the data channel number (there are only two channels). Enter the name for the data channel. Selectable indicator for the mode of transmission.
External Mux
Figure 4-13. External Mux Configuration
Table 4-6. External Mux Configuration

Field External MUX Present (Y/N) Description Indicates if an External MUX is attached to the radio. The E4, E3, E1, Ethernet, ATM, STM-0, DS1, DS3, STS-1 and STS-3 interfaces are offered with the external stand alone MUX. The MUX alarm is brought into the radio through one of the external TTL alarm inputs. The MUX option must be set on the ISACs nonvolatile memory to process its alarm. Default is Y.
Enable Always Enable Online TX Only No Preference Prefer Side A
Relay Configuration
Figure 4-14. Relay Configuration
Table 4-7. Relay Configuration

Field Number Name Type Alarm Description Displays the relay number (1-4). Enter a name for each relay. It is helpful to use the name of the terminating (alarm) equipment. Displays Latched or Unlatched. Unlatched is default to Major and Minor. Latched may be set by the user to Major Fault, Minor Fault, UNUSED, Force Open, or Force Close
Unused - Select for a relay is not in use. No fault conditions are tracked or activated. This setting and the Forced Open setting are the same. Force Open - Select to set a relay open. No fault conditions are tracked or activated. This setting and the Unused Setting are the same. Force Closed - A user can temporarily disable fault alerts on this relay, perhaps when performing maintenance on the associated alarm equipment. With the relay closed, no fault conditions are tracked or activated. Major Fault - This condition indicates a catastrophic fault condition; there is loss of traffic across the link. In a protected radio, the backup radio is placed in service automatically. If this corrects the problem, the fault is reported as a Minor Fault. Minor Fault - This indicates that there is a guarded fault in a radio. A minor Fault does not necessarily mean that there is a loss of traffic or downtime. The loss of tributary input is reported as a minor fault even though there is a loss of traffic. Examples of minor faults are IDU Fan Fault and ODU Temperature Fault.
Status
Displays Set or Clear
SP Configuration
Scrambler Code must be the same for the near and far ends.
Figure 4-15. SP Configuration
Table 4-8. SP Configuration

Field Bandwidth Description Displays the current selected bandwidth. Values are: 3.5 MHz 14 MHz Capacity 3.75 MHz 28 MHz 7 MHz 30 MHz 10 MHz
Displays the current selected capacity of the radio. Values are: 4E1 16E1 2E3 1E4 4DS1 28DS1 4E1N 16E1N 2E3N 1E4N 8DS1 1DS3 8E1 STM0 4E3 STM1 12DS1 3DS3 8E1N STM0N 4E3N STM1W 16DS1
Select to change
The SP ID PROM contains a set of values for the different bandwidth, capacity, and modulation combinations. By choosing the appropriate capacity and bandwidth combination, WMT software automatically selects the correct modulation.
Table 4-8. SP Configuration (Continued)

Modulation Displays the current selected modulation of the radio. Values are: 4 64 AIS Enabled/Disabled Scrambler Code 8 128 16 32
Prevents alarms on the SP unit from propagating to downstream tributaries. Values are Enabled or Disabled. Default is Enabled Enter the Scrambler Code for the local radio. Displays the Scrambler Code for the far end radio. The Scrambler Code must be the same in both radios in a link to ensure that the radio transmitter only locks onto the corresponding receiver at the far end. Valid values are 0,1. Default value is 0.
Control TTL Input Configuration

Control TTL inputs are only logged. They do not create major or minor states.
Figure 4-16. Control TTL Input Configuration
Table 4-9. Control TTL Input Configuration

Field Numbers 1-8 Name Severity Actual Status Description Identifies the eight alarm inputs. Enter a name for the equipment. Select the alarm condition. Values are Major, Minor, Status, Unused. Displays High or Low. An alarm condition is indicated when Actual Status matches Set Active.
Control TTL Output Configuration
Figure 4-17. Control TTL Output Configuration
Table 4-10.Control TTL Output Configuration

Field Number Name Set/Status Description Identifies the four alarm outputs. Enter a name for the equipment. Sets the output to High or Low.
VF Channel Configuration
Figure 4-18. VF Channel Configuration
Table 4-11. VF Channel Configuration

Field Voice 1, Voice 2 Speaker Volume Order Wire Address Description Identifies the voice channel. Sets the speaker volume to Off, Low, or High. Order Wire station address assigned to a radio. The order wire provides voice communications across the link without impacting normal radio traffic. One orderwire address is used for both Voice Channels 1 and 2. Select High (-16 dBm in/+7 dBm), Low (-3.5 dBm/-6.5 dBm), or No gain (-3.5 dBm/-3.5 dBm). These channel gain types either enable or disable amplification depending on the equipment interface level. For example, select No Gain for an Altium-toAltium configuration.
Gain
ODU Screens
You configure the ODU through these screens: RF Control RF Distribution Frequency RF Distribution Config Synthesizer Transceiver
RF Control
Figure 4-19. RF Control
Table 4-12.RF Control

Field ATPC Description Select Enabled or Disabled. Enabled is the default. If ATPC is enabled, it can operate in manual or automatic mode. Automatic mode is the default. To use manual mode, you must set the manual timer interval. When the time interval has elapsed, the radio goes back to operating in auto mode (if it is enabled). If the manual timer interval is set to zero, the radio stays in automatic mode. With ATPC enabled, ATPC can be on or off. If ATPC is enabled, the Predictive pre-distorter is enabled. If it is disabled, then Predictive pre-distorter is also disabled. Displays Tx Power Settings. Modulation and capacity values determine the Tx power value and Tx Power attenuator settings. These attributes must to be taken into account during in-service operation and system installation.
Tx Power
Maximum Tx Power Attenuator Tx Power Attenuator Displays the Tx Power attenuator. This is a set of values of Tx Power attenuator (in 1 db increments) which is determined by certain attributes of the radio. See Tx Power. Displays set of values in increments of 1 dBm which is derived by the RF control module. Users will select a Tx power attenuator that will be used by the system software to adjust the Tx power. Select the time interval from 0-15 minutes that the system will stay in ATPC manual mode. Displays time remaining from the manual ATPC time interval you selected.
Manual ATPC Time Interval Manual ATPC Time Remaining
RF Distribution Frequency
Figure 4-20. RF Distribution Frequency Table 4-13.RF Distribution Frequency

Field Min Tx Freq Max Tx Freq Min Rx Freq Max Rx Freq Description Enter the minimum Tx frequency that RF distribution unit supports. Values are between the minimum and maximum synthesizer transmit frequency. Enter the maximum Tx frequency that RF distribution unit supports. Values are between the minimum and maximum synthesizer transmit frequency. Enter the minimum RX frequency that RF distribution unit supports. Values are between the minimum and maximum synthesizer transmit frequency. Enter the maximum RX frequency that RF distribution unit supports. Values are between the minimum and maximum synthesizer transmit frequency.
RF Distribution Configuration
Figure 4-21. RF Distribution Configuration
Table 4-14.RF Distribution Configuration

Field Receive Splitter ODU Protection Setting Description Select Equal or Unequal for HH protected configuration. Select one of the following protection settings: NN Nonprotected Tx/Nonprotected Rx HH Hot StandBy Tx/Hot StandBy Rx HS Hot StandBy Tx/Space Diversity Rx. FF Frequency Diversity Tx/Frequency Diversity Rx WMT displays a confirmation message before accepting the protection setting. If the protection setting does not match the protection setting in the Transceiver ID PROM, WMT displays a confirmation message to write over the setting in the Transceiver ID PROM. If the change affects traffic, the Major alarm LED lights. Otherwise the Minor alarm LED lights.
Synthesizer Configuration
Figure 4-22. Synthesizer Configuration
Table 4-15.Synthesizer Configuration

Field Description
Minimum Synthesizer Tx Displays the minimum Tx frequency that the Synthesizer supports. For protected Frequency configuration, there is a value for A and one for B. Values must be between the minimum and maximum RF transmit frequency. Maximum Synthesizer Tx Displays the maximum Tx frequency that the Synthesizer supports. For protected Frequency configuration, there is a value for A and one for B. Values must be between the minimum and maximum RF transmit frequency. Minimum Synthesizer Rx Displays the Minimum RX frequency that the Synthesizer supports. For protected Frequency configuration, there is a value for A and one for B. Values must be between the minimum and maximum RF receive frequency Maximum Synthesizer Rx Frequency Tx Frequency Displays the Minimum Rx frequency that the Synthesizer supports. For protected configuration, there is a value for A and one for B. Values must be between the minimum and maximum RF receive frequency. Enter the Altium radios actual Transmit frequency. When you enter a frequency in the RF Distribution screen, it is processed internally by the radio software to derive the radio synthesizer settings. For protected configuration, there are two values: one for A and one for B. Enter the Altium radios actual Receive frequency. When you enter a frequency in the RF Distribution screen, it is processed internally by the radio software to derive the radio synthesizer settings. For protected configuration, there are two values: one for A and one for B.
Rx Frequency
Transceiver Configuration
Figure 4-23. Transceiver Configuration
Table 4-16.Transceiver Configuration

Field Minimum Transceiver Tx Frequency Description Minimum Tx frequency the Transceiver supports. For protected configuration, there is a value for A and one for B.
Maximum Transceiver Tx Maximum Tx frequency the Transceiver supports. For protected configuration, there is a Frequency value for A and one for B. Minimum Transceiver Rx Minimum Rx frequency the Transceiver supports. For protected configuration, there is a Frequency value for A and one for B. Maximum Transceiver Rx Frequency Maximum Rx frequency the Transceiver supports. For protected configuration, there is a value for A and one for B.
Network Management System

You configure NMS through these screens: Maintenance Port Modem NMS NMS/Aux Phone Num
Maintenance Port
Figure 4-24. Maintenance Port
Table 4-17.Maintenance Port

Field Port Speed Data Bits Stop Bits Port parity Flow Control Auto Baud Receive ACC Map Transmit ACC Map No Modem List Modem List 1 Modem List 2 No Phone List Phone List 1 Phone List 2 Description
Modem Configuration
Figure 4-25. Modem Configuration
Table 4-18.Modem Configuration

Field Select Modem List Modem Setup Script Modem Dial Script Modem Hang-up Script Modem Dial Mode Description
NMS
Figure 4-26. NMS Configuration
Table 4-19.NMS Configuration

Field IP Address Netmask TFTP Server IP TFTP Timer SNMP Manager Description Specifies the Internet address of the radio. The default value is provided by the BOOTP server. This field identifies what subnet a host belongs to. Specifies the IP address of the TFTP server for the software download operation. Specifies the TFTP packet retransmission timer in 10 milli-second unit. Specifies the IP address of the SNMP manager.
NMS Aux Ports Configuration
Figure 4-27. NMS Aux Ports Configuration
Table 4-20.NMS Aux Ports Configuration

Field Configure Port Description
Configure Port 1
Figure 4-28. Configure Port 1
Table 4-21.Aux Port Configuration

Field Port Speed Data Bits Stop Bits Port parity Flow Control No Modem List Modem List 1 Modem List 2 No Phone List Phone List 1 Phone List 2 Description
Events and Performance Screens

Events and performance are reported through the following screens: Active Events Complete Events Performance RSSI Radio Status
Active Events
The Altium radio can store 512 events. Event fields are described in Table 4-22.
Figure 4-29. Active Events
Figure 4-30. Complete Events
Table 4-22.Events
Field Time Stamp Sequence Number Event Type Description Date/time when the performance log was last reset. (integer) a number assigned by the MIB for each of the 512 entries. Alarms may be classified as:
Communications alarm type: associated with the procedures and/or processes required to convey information from one point to another. Quality of service alarm type: associated with degradation in the quality of a service. Processing error alarm type: associated with a software or processing event. Equipment alarm type: associated with an equipment event. Environmental alarm type: associated with a condition relating to an enclosure in which the equipment resides.
Table 4-22.Events
Source Indicates who initiated an Action event, or the module that sent the Alarm event or module, which is the object of the Status event. Who field may indicate an Operator id of a user of the NMS or the WMT application. Module field will indicate the name of the module field that performed the action.
System Module name (e.g. Transceiver) Operator NMS or WMT
Description Severity
32-character description of the event. Alarm event can be:

Cleared Indeterminate Critical Major Minor Warning
Value
Indicates the value of a Status event or an Action event.
Performance
The Performance report displays statistics that measure and track link performance. Used with the Event Log and RSSI reports, the Performance report can help determine when poor signal quality is responsible for BER alarms or other related faults.
Figure 4-31. Performance
Table 4-23.Performance
Field Last Reset Total Test Seconds Total Available Seconds Total Unavailable Seconds Errored Seconds (ES) Errored Second Ratio (ESR) Severely Errored Seconds (SES) Severely Errored Second Ratio (SESR) Frame Loss Seconds BER Data (A Side) BER Data (B Side) Any second with one or more errored blocks. The ratio of ES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval. Any second which contains 30% or more errored blocks or at lease one Severely Disturbed Period (SDP). SES is a subset of ES. The ratio of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval. Text field indicating total number of seconds where frame loss occurred. Bit Error Rate in seconds, minutes, days or total days. The total time in seconds for the test between reset. Description
RSSI
The RSSI screen displays radio statistics on received signal level. For protected systems, separate measurements are displayed for each radio.
Figure 4-32. RSSI
Table 4-24.RSSI
Field Current Maximum Minimum Last Reset Description Current RSSI in dBm. Maximum RSSI in dBm. Minimum RSSI in dBm. Total time for the test between resets.
Radio Status
Figure 4-33. Radio Status
Table 4-25.Radio Status

Field IDU Temperature ODU Temperature IDU Battery Voltage ODU Battery Voltage Description Internal temperature on SP module measured near the power supply. ODU RF Plug-in temperature measured on synthesizer card. IDU power supply input voltage. Odu power supply input voltage.
Loopback Test Screen

Loopback testing checks the continuity and basic operation of the radio system including the near end radio, the far end radio, and coaxial cables. Loopback tests are run from the near end radio using a test pattern generated either by the IDU or by externally connected equipment.
Figure 4-34. Loopback Tests
Table 4-26.Loopback Tests

Field Test Type Description Valid test types are
Local LIU Remote LIU IF - Local radio only.
Test Origin View Test Diagram Tributary List
Valid test origins are Internal Test Generator or External Test Equipment. Allows the user to view loopback test diagram for the test type and test origin selected. The selectable tributaries and other channel types (Data, VF, WS, Trib) available for testing. When using an internal test generator, Data and VF channels are not available for test and only one line (Trib or WS) can be selected for testing. When using an external test generator, more than one line can be selected to test.
Table 4-26.Loopback Tests

Run Test Click to start a loopback test. Accumulated statistics are not cleared automatically when a loopback test is started. You can clear statistics from the Performance screen. Starting a loopback test on a protected system where locking is set to Auto displays a warning message stating that locking must be set to Lock A or Lock B (depending on the SP unit selected). When the loopback test is completed, locking must be set back to Auto. Click to stop a loopback test. A radio reset also clears a loopback test. The number of errors detected during the current refresh period. The total number of errors detected during the entire test period. The elapsed test time in seconds since last reset.
Stop Test Current bit errors Total accumulated errors Total elapsed time
Line Interface Unit (LIU)

This loopback tests the transmit and receive section of the module for STM-1 continuity. LIU loopback testing can also be performed on a remote radio on an online module, which loops the receive data to the transmit path. This provides a two-way check of the STM-1 link. Running the LIU loopback test through the NMS facility tests continuity over several hops. The MAINT LED on the access panel blinks when loopback testing is in progress. The on-board AIS clock can generate and detect a fixed test pattern. This internal loopback can be used to test the main and wayside channel without using external equipment.
Intermediate Frequency (IF)

This loopback tests the entire transmit and receive paths of the IDU. The residual BER can be estimated using the FEC count. IF loopback tests affect all data traffic (unless it is performed on an off-line module).
Wayside
Note: The wayside loopback does not apply to the STM-1/OC-3-only radio system.
This loopback provides a local test one channel at a time, checking the transmit and receive sections of the module for E1 continuity. This test can also be performed from a remote radio on an online module. The remote test loops the transmit and receive paths to provide a two-way check of E1 continuity over several radio hops. The wayside loopback test does not affect other data traffic. The internal loopback can check wayside performance without the use of external equipment.
Auxiliary
This loopback checks the transmit and receive section on the module for AUX data continuity, one channel at a time. This test can also be performed from a remote radio on an online module. The remote test loops the
transmit and receive paths to provide a two-way check of AUX data channel continuity over several radio hops. The AUX loopback test does not affect other data traffic.
VF
This loopback test the transmit and receive section of the module for VF channel continuity. This test can also be performed from a remote radio on an online module. The remote test loops the transmit and receive paths to provide a two-way check of VF continuity over several radio hops. The VF loopback test does not affect other data traffic.
Figure 4-35. Internal Local IF Loopback
TX
Pattern Gen-Det
Mux
Mod
RFTX
RX
Demux
Demod
RFRX
Local Terminal
RFTX
TX Mod Mux
LIU Remote Loopback

RX RFRX Demod Demux
Remote Terminal
Figure 4-36. Internal LIU Remote Loopback
Figure 4-37. External LIU Loopback
Figure 4-38. External IF Loopback
TX
Mux
Mod
RFTX
RX
Demux
Demod
RFRX
Local Terminal
RFTX
Mod
Mux
TX
LIU Remote Loopback

RFRX Demod Demux RX
Remote Terminal
Figure 4-39. External LIU Remote Loopback
Locking Controls Screen
Locking Controls Screen

The locking controls enable or disable monitored hot-standby switching on a protected system. Protected transmitters and receivers can be locked independently of each other
Figure 4-40. Locking Controls
Table 4-27.Locking Controls

Field SP Rx Locking Status SP Tx Locking Status RF Rx Locking Status RF Tx Locking Status Lock SP TX online (FF Only) Lock RF TX Online Lock RF RX Online Lock SP RX Online Description Shows which side is online and whether it is Auto or Manual. Shows which side is online and whether it is Auto or Manual. Shows which side is online and whether it is Auto or Manual. Shows which side is online and whether it is Auto or Manual.
Software Screens
Software Screens
Altium radio software can be upgraded with new software. The various components of Altium radio software, IDU, ODU, or FPGA, can be downloaded from another radio using its primary bootp server address. During software download, a status window shows the percentage of the software that is downloaded. Downloads can be cancelled while they are in progress. A second download cannot be started while one is in progress Download Activate Software Version
Download Screen
Figure 4-41. Download System Software
Software Screens
Table 4-28.Download System Software

Field Primary Address of TFTP Server Secondary Address of TFTP Server File Name to download Description IP Address of Primary Bootp server in the network. IP Address of Secondary Bootp server in the network. File name must exist in the primary or secondary Bootp server. Validation may be done on the file extension entered. The file name must follow a naming convention for an IDU/ODU or an FPGA file. Some validation of the file name entered can be done based on this standard. Radio buttons pushed will indicate the location of the destination, Near End or Far End radios IDU, ODU, SP A or SP B.
Where to download software
Software Screens
Activate Screen
Figure 4-42. Activate System Software
Table 4-29.Activate System Software

Field Exchange IDU Software Exchange ODU Software Exchange FPGA SP A Software Exchange FPGA SP B Software Description Checkbox activates the software in the inactive memory bank of the IDU. Checkbox activates the software in the inactive memory bank of the ODU. Checkbox activates the software in the inactive memory bank of the FPGA SP A. Checkbox activates the software in the inactive memory bank of the FPGA SP B.
Software Screens
Software Versions Screen
Figure 4-43. Software Versions
Table 4-30.Software Versions

Field Active IDU Software version Inactive IDU Software version IDU Boot Software version Active ODU Software version Inactive ODU Software version ODU Boot Software version Active FPGA SP A Software version Inactive FPGA SP A Software version Active FPGA SP B Software version Inactive FPGA SP B Software version Description IDU software version in the Active memory bank. Comes from ISAC EEPROM. IDU software version in the inactive memory bank. Comes from ISAC EEPROM. IDU Boot software version. ODU software version in the Active memory bank. Comes from OSAC EEPROM. ODU software version in the inactive memory bank. Comes from OSAC EEPROM. ODU Boot software version. FPGA software version in Signal Processing As active memory bank. Comes from SP A EEPROM. FPGA software version in Signal Processing As inactive memory bank. Comes from SP A EEPROM. FPGA software version in Signal Processing Bs active memory bank. Comes from SP B EEPROM. FPGA software version in Signal Processing Bs inactive memory bank. Comes from SP B EEPROM.
Date and Time Screen
Date and Time Screen
Figure 4-44. Date and Time
Manufacturing Data Screen
Manufacturing Data Screen
Figure 4-45. Manufacturing Data
Chapter 5 System Description
This chapter provides information on: the Altium system hardware; system functions and featuressuch as system configurations, protection switching, and ATPC (Automatic Transmit Power Control).
Overview
The ALTIUM microwave radio platform provides a telecommunications circuit that operates in the 7-38 GHz frequency range with a 25-28 MHz channel bandwidth. The Altium radio is transparent to the STM-1/OC-3 payload (155.55 Mbps). An Altium terminal consists of an IDU, ODU, IDU/ODU coaxial cable, and antenna. A link or hop consists of two terminals: the near end and its frequency-matched far end. Altium is a full-duplex device: it transmits and receives data at the same time. The transmit path begins with fiber optic inputs providing the payload to the SP module. The SP module combines the payload with any overhead data (from the ISAC) and sends that signal to the ODU. The ODU converts the signal to the appropriate radio frequency and transmits it through the antenna to the far end. The receive path begins at the far end with the antenna. The ODU receives the signal from the antenna. There, the ODU converts the signal for use by the SP unit. The SP unit retrieves payload and overhead data from the signal. It sends payload data to external equipment and overhead data to the ISAC.
System Description 5-1
System Components
System Components
The Altium radio provides synchronous wireless transport for an STM-1/ OC-3 (155 Mbps) payload. The Altium system consists of the following components (Figure 5-1.): The IDU provides frequency-independent signal processing, status, alarm, and control functions. The ODU contains the capacity-independent radio frequency (RF) plug-in modules, RF distribution, status, alarm, and control functions. The coaxial cable connects power from the IDU to the ODU. Data, signaling, telemetry and control signals also pass between the IDU and ODU over the coaxial cable The antenna is application specific. The Web Maintenance Terminal (WMT) is a web-based application used to configure and operate the Altium radio.
Altium is designed to interface with an add/drop multiplexer (ADM), such as the FibreNex ADM. Figure 5-2 shows a functional block diagram of the Altium system.
5-2 System Description
System Components
Direct Mount Antenna
Altium Radio
Coaxial Cables (Protected System)
FibreNex ADM
To MDF
0277
To MDF
Figure 5-1. Altium System Components
ACCESS PANEL
OSAC
Alarms Data VF/Aux Muldem Telemetry A
System Components

Cable Modem CPU Cable Modem 1 2 Hub CPU Telemetry B Controller 2 4 4 5 3 1 3 Ethernet Codec Codec 128 Kbps Muldem IDU TXVR Muldem Muldem ODU DIPLEXER Mixer MUX MOD IF Processor Rx Mixer Fiber Lo Syn DEMOD IF Processor Mixer Tv Mixer Filter DC-DC Converter Rx
ISAC MODULE
EOW
Figure 5-2. System Block Diagram
SP UNIT
DEMUX
Tx
0247
IDU
IDU
The IDU consists of: Signal Processor Unit ISAC module Access Panel Fan module IDU housing
Fiber Connectors
Fan
Signal Processor A
Signal Processor B 10BaseT Ethernet Hub 1 2 3 4

ESD
Handset Connector
ISAC
VF/AUX DATA
NMS/AUX 1
NMS/AUX 2
CONTROL/ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 3
0286
Figure 5-3. ALTIUM with Cover Removed
Signal Processor Module

As part of the IDU assembly (enclosure), the Signal Processor (SP) is a single plug-in module. In a protected system there are two SP modules in an IDU assembly. The SP unit receives payload data, adds overhead data to it, and sends a processed 310 MHz signal to the ODU. The SP unit receives a 70 MHz signal from the ODU and extracts up-stream payload data for customer equipment. The interface on the SP unit include a 4-pin power connector, the fiber optic data interface, and the IDU/ODU coaxial cable interface. The SP is field replaceable. It indicates malfunctions through a single red LED. The Access Panel must be removed to see this LED. The SP unit contains a modem (modulator/demodulator), a muldem (multiplexer/demultiplexer), a power supply, a fiber optic interface, and an ISAC interface. Before the payload signal can be transmitted, the SP unit processes the signal to produce a 310 MHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal for the
IDU
ODU. The SP unit receives the optical input signal and converts it to an electrical signal. The multiplexes overhead data and payload data. Modulates the multiplexed data on a baseband signal. Converts the baseband signal to 310 MHz signal and outputs it to the ODU In the receive direction, the SP unit processes a 70 MHz from the ODU. The SP unit demodulates the incoming signal (remove the payload data from the modulated radio frequency signal). It then demultiplexes the payload data and overhead data and converts the electrical signal to an optical signal and outputs it to the fiber connector.
ISAC Module
The ISAC module is the hardware platform for the operational firmware for the Altium radio. It is a plug-in module located in the bottom slot behind the Access Panel. The ISAC module provides functions such as maintaining system configurations, collecting status and alarm information from the SP module, and performing protection switching. The ISAC provides access to NMS functions, two auxiliary data channels, and voice channels, through connectors on the Access Panel. The ISAC module provides the hardware platform for the operational firmware of the Altium radio. The ISAC module: Maintains system configuration. Collects and displays status and alarm information from the SP and fan modules. Maintains two copies of software in FLASH memory. Provides analog to digital conversion of analog status signals and temperature sensors. Monitors parity and FEC error count. Performs radio protection switching. Performs maintenance switching and loopbacks. Provides the functionality for the DB-9 connectors on the access panel. Supports two auxiliary data channels at a nominal 64 Kbps. The actual data rate depends on capacity and configuration. These two data channels can be configured to operate in synchronous or asynchronous mode. The electrical interface for the data channels is TIA/EIA-422 B (V.11). Supports two voice frequency (VF) channels. The ISAC uses PCM codecs to convert the VF signals between the ISAC and SP modules.
IDU
Access Panel
The Access Panel contains the system status LEDs, power input, fuse holders, connectors for external equipment such as alarms, an anti-static wrist strap, modems, and terminal. The removable Front Panel provides access to the signal processor unit, ISAC, and fan modules. Figure 5-4 shows the functionality of the auxiliary (nonpayload) connectors on the Access Panel.
IDU
SP Overhead Channel Mux/Demux

Chan1=VF2(82.5 Kb/s) Chan2=CBits Chan3=Aux2(64Kb/s) Chan4=Aux1(64Kb/s) Chan5=Private Chan(64Kb/s) Chan6=NMS2(64Kb/s) Chan7=NMS1(64Kb/s) Chan8=VF1(82.5 Kb/s)
AUX1 (Data DB37F) AUX2 (Data DB37F) AUX Clks. (Data DB37F) Speaker (ALM DB37F) Handset (RJ-11) VF1 Bridge Port 1 (Data DB37F) VF1 Bridge Port 2 (Data DB37F) VF1 Bridge Port 3 (Data DB37F) VF2 Bridge Port 1 (Data DB37F) VF2 Bridge Port 2 (Data DB37F) VF2 Bridge Port 3 (Data DB37F) WMT Maint. (DCE, DB9F) NMS/Aux1 (DTE, DB9M) NMS/Aux2 (DTE, DB9M) NMS/Aux3 (DTE, DB9M) TTL Inputs (Alm, DB37F) TTL Outputs (Alm, DB37F) Relay Outputs (Alm, DB37F)
64Kb/s RS422/V.11 Async./Sync. 64Kb/s RS422/V.11 Async./Sync. 64KHz RS422/V.11 Tx/Rx Clocks 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4
Aux1
Aux2
VF1
VF2
Private Chan.
NMS1
NMS2
128 Kb/s
VF1 VF2
38 Kb/s RS-232 Terminal Interface 56 Kb/s RS-232 Modem Interface 19.2 Kb/s RS-232 Terminal Interface 19.2 Kb/s RS-232 Terminal Interface
8 4 4
ISAC 68360 uP
10BaseT 1 (MDI-X, RJ-45) 10BaseT 2 (MDI, RJ-45) 10BaseT 3 (MDI, RJ-45) 10BaseT 4 (MDI, RJ-45)
4 4 4 4
4 Port Ethernet Hub
10Mb/s
Figure 5-4. Access Panel Auxiliary (nonpayload) Functions
IDU
VF/AUX DATA Channel

The VF/AUX DATA channel provides an interface for two voice frequency (VF) channels and two data channels. The Altium radio has two separate voice channels that are configured as standard 600 ohm balanced 4-wire telephone interfaces. There are 3 input/ output level settings available (via WMT), -16/+7, -3.5/-3.5 and -3.5/-6.5 dBm. Signaling is in-band DTMF, E and M signaling is not supported. These voice channels are converted to a digital format using Codecs. It should be understood that each time that the signal transitions from one link to another this process repeats. This repeated sampling process adds noise to the signal limiting the number of links that can be daisy chained together to about 5 to 10 links. Applications that require a very large number of voice links should consider using an external digital voice orderwire running over the radios 64 kb/s Aux Data channel.
IDU
15 R Alarms 33 T DB37 3T RJ-11 4 R 1,6
Speaker Out 8 Ohms, 0.5 Watts Handset In/Out *
Speaker Amp (Vol Cntrl &
Mute)
DTMF Decoder
2-Wire/4-Wire Hybrid/SLIC
Ringer
26 T Voice Ch. 1 Port 1 Input 8R 28 T Voice Ch. 1 Port 1 Output 10 R 30 T Voice Ch. 1 Port 2 Input 12 R 34 T Voice Ch. 1 Port 2 Output 16 R
5-Port Bridge 1 4 2
Radio Tx
* The handset does not support the ringer built into the telephone. The 4-wire 600 ohm balanced voice channel ports operate at 3 selectable levels: In 1. -3.5 dBm 2. -16 dBm 3. -3.5 dBm Out -3.5 dBm +7 dBm -6.5 dBm
VF/Aux Data DB37F Connector
5
31 T Voice Ch. 1 Port 3 Input 13 R 35 T Voice Ch. 1 Port 3 Output 17 R 27 T Voice Ch. 2 Port 1 Input 9R 29 T Voice Ch. 2 Port 1 Output 11 R 32 T Voice Ch. 2 Port 2 Input 14 R 36 T Voice Ch. 2 Port 2 Output 18 R 33 T Voice Ch. 2 Port 3 Input 15 R 37 T Voice Ch. 2 Port 3 Output 19 R
Radio Rx
3 4-Port Bridge 1
ISAC Module
Radio Tx
Radio Rx
Figure 5-5. VF Channel 1 and 2 Bridges
IDU
Voice Channel 1
Voice channel 1 contains the following orderwire features: a standard RJ-11 2-wire DTMF phone interface (ringer internal to the radio), a 0.5 watt 8 ohm speaker interface (level set via WMT), a 5 port bridge with 3 external 4-wire interfaces (level set via WMT). All three external port levels are changed together. Each terminal has a separate 4 digit DTMF address that will ring its internal buzzer in response to its DTMF code. DTMF calling is implemented via the 2-wire phone on a station to station basis. The three 4-wire bridge ports are used to interconnect other radio links.
IDU
Altium
VF1,1 In Out VF1,2 In Out VF1,3 In Out -3.5/-3.5dBm VF1,1 In Out
Altium
VF1,2 In Out VF1,3 In Out Addr 0002 SPECTRUM II Radio -3.5/-3.5dBm -3.5/-3.5dBm
Telephone Chan. Intrf. +7/-16dBm
Addr 0001 VF1,1 In Out VF1,2 In Out VF1,3 In Out SPK VF1,1 In Out VF1,2 In Out VF1,3 In Out
Altium
Addr 0003
Altium
Addr 0007
Altium
Addr 0004 VF1,1 In Out VF1,2 In Out VF1,3 In Out VF1,1 In Out
Altium
VF1,2 In Out VF1,3 In Out Addr 0008
-3.5/-3.5dBm
-3.5/-3.5dBm
VF1,1 In Out
VF1,2 In Out
VF1,3 In Out
VF1,1 In Out
VF1,2 In Out
VF1,3 In Out
Altium
Addr 0005
Altium
Addr 0009
Altium
Addr 0006 VF1,1 In Out VF1,2 In Out VF1,3 In Out
SPK VF1,1 In Out
Altium
VF1,2 In Out VF1,3 In Out Addr 0010
Figure 5-6. Voice Channel 1 Interconnection
IDU
Voice Channel 2
Voice channel 2 provides minimum features and can be used by an external voice orderwire unit. It has a four port 4-wire bridge with three external interfaces. All ports are set to the same selected level via the WMT. An external orderwire unit must provide signaling and handset interfaces.
Altium
VF2,1 In Out VF2,2 In Out VF2,3 In Out -3.5/-3.5dBm VF2,1 In Out
Altium
VF2,2 In Out VF2,3 In Out External Exter nal Orderwire Unit
Telephone Chan. Intrf. +7/-16dBm
External External Orderwire Unit
-3.5/-3.5dBm
VF2,1 In Out
VF2,2 In Out
VF2,3 In Out
VF2,1 In Out
VF2,2 In Out
VF2,3 In Out
Altium
Altium
Altium
VF2,1 In Out VF2,2 In Out VF2,3 In Out VF2,1 In Out
Altium
VF2,2 In Out VF2,3 In Out
-3.5/-3.5dBm
External Exter nal Orderwire Unit
-3.5/-3.5dBm
VF2,1 In Out
VF2,2 In Out
VF2,3 In Out
VF2,1 In Out
VF2,2 In Out
VF2,3 In Out
Altium
Altium
Altium
VF2,1 In Out VF2,2 In Out VF2,3 In Out VF2,1 In Out
Altium
VF2,2 In Out VF2,3 In Out
Figure 5-7. Voice Channel 2 Interconnection
IDU
Aux Data Channels

There are two RS-422/V.11 Aux data channels that operate either synchronously or asynchronously. One channel may be synchronous while the other is asynchronous or both channel may be configured the same. The AUX channel provides two 64 Kbps RS422 data channels with a common clock. Each channel can be configured as 64 kbps synchronous data channel or oversampled 19.2 kbps asynchronous data channel. The data channel type and rate is configured by the user through the WMT (Aux Data Channel Screen on page 4-38). The selection of an internal or external 64 Kbps clock is also configurable through the WMT. If a radio is configured to operate with an external clock and loses that clock, the radio switches to an internal clock and generates a minor alarm.
Synchronous Aux Data Channel Operation

The synchronous mode operates at 64Kb/s 100 ppm. A common transmit
and a common receive clock serve both synchronous channels. The transmit (input) clock can be supplied by the radio equipment or provided externally. The receive (output) clock is supplied by the radio and is synchronous to the remote terminals transmit clock input. Both transmit and receive clock edges are user selected based on the rising edge or falling edge being coincident with the center of data interval. There are two clock conditions to consider.
The external transmit (input) clock edge is chosen depending on the orientation of the data and clock as viewed on an oscilloscope at the transmit input of the radio. If the orientation of the clock and data signals correspond to the rising edge clock coincident with the center of the data interval, then the rising edge should be selected for the transmit clock via the WMT. Likewise, if the clock and data appear oriented with the falling edge waveform in the center of data interval, then the falling edge clock option should be chosen via the WMT. The same relationship applies when the internal transmit (output) clock is chosen. The receive (output) clock orientation must be chosen by knowing the required clock orientation of the external equipment input. The clock should be placed such that external equipment samples the data in middle of the data interval not on the transition. Again, the receive output clock orientation can be selected via the WMT as rising or falling edge oriented as shown below.
IDU
Tx or Rx Data
Tx or Rx Clock (rising edge)
Rising Edge
Tx or Rx Clock (falling edge)
Falling Edge
Typical applications for the synchronous channel include a digital channel multiplexer such as a Newbridge 3600, Cisco routers or bridges and data access devices or other channel bank equipment with DS-0 64 kb/s RS-422/ V.11 interfaces. These channels could be used to provide a low rate synchronous data network using protocols such as X.25 or HDLC.
IDU
Asynchronous Aux Data Channel Operation

The asynchronous channel operates in two modes: non-data dependent over-sampled or a UART type data dependent mode that supports 5 specific data rates and 7 character formats.
Asynchronous Non-Data Dependent Mode

The non-data dependent mode is limited to a maximum rate of 19.2 kbs and is over-sampled by an internal 64 kHz clock. There is a limit as to how many links may be interconnected due to the jitter accumulation caused by the over-sampling process. The lower the data rate the more links that may be crossed. As an example: operating at 19.2 kbs will only cross one link error free. Multi-link asynchronous data systems should utilize the data dependent mode.
Asynchronous Data Dependent Mode

The data dependent mode operates with 5 data rates (1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 & 19.2 kbs) and various combinations of data, stop and parity bits (6,2,1 or 7,2,0 or 7,1,1 or 7,2,1 or 8,1,0 or 8,2,0 or 8,1,1). The data is also over-sampled by an internal 64 kHz clock, but the internal circuits operate similar to a UART allowing the data to be passed over an unlimited number of links without jitter accumulation. The data rate and character type selected must be the same as the incoming data or the channel will not process the characters correctly.
Asynchronous Data Channel Applications

Applications include any asynchronous RS-422/V.11 device interfaces, such as a modem or data terminal. It could be used to connect to a SPECTRUM II radio systems network management terminal at one end and a string of SPECTRUM II radio links at a downstream location. Other applications include remote data collection, monitoring and control functions.
IDU
Altium
Aux1 Tx Clk Rx Clk Aux2 Tx Clk Rx Clk
Altium
Aux1 Tx Clk Rx Clk Aux2 Tx Clk Rx Clk
Out Clk In Clk RS422 64Kb/s
DS-0 Router/Bridge
Aux1 Rx Clk Tx Clk Aux1 Rx Clk Tx Clk
Ethernet LAN
Altium
Altium
Altium
Aux1 Tx Clk Rx Clk
Altium
Aux1 Tx Clk Rx Clk
DS-0 Router/Bridge
Ethernet LAN RS422 64Kb/s Out Clk In Clk Out Clk In Clk RS422 64Kb/s
Aux1 Rx Clk Tx Clk
Aux1 Tx Clk Rx Clk
Altium
Altium
Altium
Aux1 Tx Clk Rx Clk
Altium
Aux1 Tx Clk Rx Clk
DS-0 Router/Bridge
DS-0 Router/Bridge
Ethernet LAN
Ethernet LAN
Note: A digtal voice orderwire could be used in place of the Router/Bridge
Figure 5-8. Synchronous Application
IDU
CONTROL/ALARMS Connector
The CONTROL/ALARMS connector provides eight TTL inputs, four TTL outputs, and four relays (Figure 5-9 and Figure 5-10).
TTL Inputs
Eight TTL level compatible status inputs are available. Their change of state is logged in the radio event log that is viewable by the NMS or WMT as TTL external input 1,2..8 events. The active state is a TTL high (+5 volts) while the normal state is a TTL low (0 volts). If the input is left open pull-up resistors set the state high (+5 volts). The inputs can also be designated as unused and as such they will not create any log entries. Typical applications for the TTL inputs might be to monitor site access alarms or other communications device alarms.
TTL Outputs
There are 4 TTL outputs that can be set high (+5 volts) or low (0 volts) by the user via the NMS or WMT configuration menu. Their change in state is reported in the event log as TTL external output 1,2,3 or 4 events. Typical applications for the TTL outputs include controlling site lighting or other externally controlled devices.
IDU
+5 V 10K 74VHC14 0.1 ufd 2 TTL Input 2 TTL Input 3 TTL Input 4 TTL Input 5 TTL Input 6 TTL Input 7 TTL Input 8 +5 V 6 TTL Output 1 100 8
20
TTL Input 1
10K
Control/Alarms DB37F Connector
21 3 22 4 23 5
ISAC Card
SN75174
25 7 26 1
TTL Output 2 TTL Output 3 TTL Output 4 GND 4
The TTL inputs and outputs are monitored and operate on 0.5 second intervals. The inputs are checked for activity every 0.5 second, while the outputs will change at a rate as fast as every 0.5 second. All changes in state are logged in the Event Log.
Figure 5-9. TTL Input and Output Connectivity
IDU
Relays
There are 4 form C relays available for alarm and control outputs. Two of the relays are non-latching and two are latching (remain in the last state when power is removed). Two alarm indications may be assigned to the non-latching relays, Minor and Major. The alarm is active when the relay is de-energized i.e. normally closed terminal (N.C.) is in contact with the common terminal (C). This is done so that the alarms will show active if the radio losses power. The user may also set the relays in a manual mode via the NMS or WMT. A forced open condition will open the connection between the normally closed and common terminals. A forced closed condition will connect the normally closed and common terminals.
IDU
ISAC Module
8 9 27
N.C. COM N.O. N.C. COM N.O. N.C. COM N.O. N.C. COM N.O. Relay 4 (Latched) Relay 3 (Latched) Relay 2 (Unlatched) Relay 1 (Unlatched)
The relays operate in 3 modes via the WMT, NMS or Major/Minor alarms. Their change of state is also reported in the event log. 1. Manual Mode allows you to name and operate the selected relay. the two states are: Manual Open (N.O. contact open) Manual Closed (N.O. contact closed) 2. Terminal Alarm Mode allows you to select Major and Minor alarms to control the relays. This mode is for relays 1 and 2 only. The two states are: Major, Minor active (N.O. contact closed, energized) Major, Minor inactive (N.O. contact open, de-energized) 3. With the Unused Mode there is no event reporting and relays remain in a de-energized (N.O. contact open) state. Same as Manual Open.
Figure 5-10. Relays Connectivity
Alarm DB37F Connector
28 29 10 11 12 30 31 32 13
Relays shown in de-energized manual open position. Maximum resistive switching load 0.5A at 30 VDC.
IDU
Handset Connector
The engineering orderwire (EOW) handset interface is an RJ-11, six-wire modular jack located on the ISAC. The handset connector provides an interface to EOW (engineering orderwire) functionality. That is, voice communication on an overhead channel using a standard 2-wire handset and DTMF (dual tone multi-frequency) dialing. The speaker on the ISAC provides the ringer; however, there is no ringback. Through the VF channel 1 5-port bridge, several radios in a network can receive the EOW signal. Even though each radio can be assigned a different EOW address, the EOW functions as a party line. Refer to VF/AUX DATA Channel on page 5-9.
Ethernet Hub
Four RJ-45 connectors provide 10 Base-T Ethernet access. The Ethernet data rate is 10 Mbps on the bridge ports and 128 Kbps across the link. The connector on the first port (Connector 1) provides a Media Dependent Interface (MDI-X), a standard interface for unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable. MDI-X provides the crossover function that is necessary when chaining Ethernet hubs together. The connectors for ports 2, 3, and 4 are wired as an MDI interface. The pinout functions are opposite that of port 1. The MDI-X interface allows you to use a straight-through cable to chain Ethernet hubs together: you connect an MDI-X port to an MDI port. To use a crossover cable, connect an MDI-X port to an MDI-X port or connect an MDI port to an MDI port. When daisychaining Altium systems together through the Ethernet hub, remember that: Maximum cable length including drop leads is 100 meters Each cable provides a point-to-point connection Each cable is a single segment The cable must be between 85 ohms and 110 ohms The cable are terminated with RJ-45 connectors
Fan Module
The fan module consists of two fans mounted on a single plug-in card. A module fail LED indicates that a fan has failed.
IDU Housing
Encloses the signal processor, ISAC, and fan modules. These modules plug in to the IDU housing backplane. The IDU motherboard, not a replaceable module, provides additional circuit-board trace-routing capacity for the plug-in modules.
ODU
ODU
The ODU consists of: OSAC module RF Plug-in module RF Distribution module ODU housing
RF Distribution Module RF Plug-in Module
OSAC
0246
Figure 5-11. ODU Hardware Description
OSAC Module
The OSAC module is the hardware platform for the operational firmware of the ODU. It is a printed circuit card located below the diplexer. There is a single replace me red LED. When the LED is on, replace the OSAC. The OSAC, with the ISAC, provides self diagnostics and fault analysis for the radio link. The OSAC monitors the radio modules in the ODU. It provides a telemetry channel to the IDU, and with the IDU, controls the operation of the ODU. The alarm and control functions the OSAC performs are: Collects status and alarm information from the ODU modules Maintains two copies of the executable code in flash memory Provides A/D conversion of analog status
ODU
RF Plug-in Module
The RF Plug-in module consists of the RF transceiver assembly and the IF assembly. In a protected system there are two transceiver assemblies located to the left and right of the diplexer. Together with the synthesizer oscillator, the RF Plug-in module performs the dual upconversion and dual downconversion function. The RF transceiver assembly contains a transmit and receive section. The input TX signal is at a fixed frequency of 2158 MHz. It is upconverted to the desired TX RF frequency using a low side LO signal from the synthesizer module. The upconverted signal is then amplified to the proper output power level. The input signal is sent from the IF assembly and the output signal is sent to the RF distribution. The input RX signal is downconverted to a fixed frequency of 1778 MHz using a low side LO signal from the synthesizer module. The input signal is sent from the RF distribution and the output signal is sent to the IF assembly. The IF assembly also contains a transmit and receive section. The 310 MHz TX signal is filtered from the interface cable signals. The signal is upconverted to 2158 MHz using the shared IF LO of 1848 MHz. The output 2158 MHz TX signal is sent to the RF TXVR assembly. The input 1738 MHz RX signal is sent from the RF transceiver assembly. This signal is downconverted to 70 MHz using the shared IF LO of 1848 MHz. The IF assembly also contains the DC-DC converter to supply voltages to the ODU (including the synthesizer module and the OSAC).
RF Distribution Module
The RF distribution module provides isolation between the transmitted signal and the received signal through filters and circulators. This allows better flexibility for transmit/receive spacing. The transmit filter rejects noise generated by the transmit chain. The receive filter rejects any out-of-band signal, which can interfere with the received signal. The RF Distribution module separates the transmitted signals from the received signals. The RF Distribution module is located in the middle of the ODU housing and connects to the antenna either directly or through a waveguide. The ODU converts data from the IDU into an RF signal for transmission, and it converts the RF signal from the far end to data suitable to send to the IDU. The transmit baseband from the IDU first passes through the CPU/Power Supply module where the data signal is separated from the other signals (telemetry, etc.) on the cable. The transceiver directly mixes the modulated signal with the transmit frequency of the radio, amplifies the signal and sends it to the antenna for transmission to the far-end terminal. The
PROMs
interface to the antenna is through an RF connection: slip-fit waveguide connector, flexible waveguide, or other RF connections. Signals received by the antenna from the far-end terminal are processed through the transceiver where they are down converted to the first IF frequency of 1778 MHz. The signal then is down converted to the second IF frequency of 70 MHz. The signal is diplexed in the CPU/Power Supply module and sent to the IDU over the coax cable.
Synthesizer
The synthesizer consists of a transmit synthesizer, a receive synthesizer, and the reference oscillator. The reference oscillator provides the reference for the synthesizer and the local oscillator used for the first upconversion and the second downconversion. The synthesizer can be used with other frequency bands with a minimum of submodule changes.
ODU Housing
The ODU housing encloses the RF Plug-in module, the RF Distribution module, and OSAC. The ODU is easily converted to a left-hand offset or right-hand offset unit by lifting the cover off its hinges and connecting the other side of the cover to the hinges on the opposite side of the ODU.
PROMs
The Altium system operates through onboard software stored in EEPROMs on various modules. External software running on terminals provide various configuration and management capabilities. ID PROM - The IDU and ODU modules (except the RF distribution module) contains a 4kN1 or 32kN1 serial EEPROM called the ID PROM. The ID PROM stores information such as manufacturing data, equipment type, correction factors, hardware and software revision and other pertinent data for that module. Configuration PROM - The ISAC module contains a removable EEPROM that contains system information. The EEPROM can be removed after the ISAC module is unplugged from the motherboard and reused in a new ISAC module. This prevents the need to reprogram system configuration.
Connectors
Connectors
Table 5-1. Connector Summary

Connector
Power
Location
Access Panel
Description The battery supply connects to the Altium system through a two-conductor Phoenix connector. An anti-static wrist strap plugs into the ESD connector. A 75-ohm coaxial cable connects the IDU to the ODU.
A DB-9 connector A DB-9 connector A DB-9 connector Interface for nonoptical payload data (E1, E3, DS1, DS3, etc.). 37-pin connector that provides an interface for 2 voice channels and 2 synchronous/asynchronous data channels. 37-pin connector that provides an alarm interface which can control 4 relays, 8 alarms, A 4-port hub providing An RJ-11 connector for the orderwire handset. Two ribbon cable connectors SMB connector Two connectors
ESD
Access Panel Access Panel Access Panel Access Panel Access Panel Access Panel Access Panel Access Panel ISAC module ISAC module ISAC module SP Unit SP Unit
IDU/ODU Interface
NMS/Aux 1 NMS/Aux2, NMS/Aux 3 Maint Tributaries VF/AUX Alarms Ethernet Handset Motherboard IF Fiber Interface
LEDs
LEDs
LEDs provide operational status and module fail information. They are controlled by the ISAC and the OSAC. The LEDs on the Access Panel are listed in Table 5-2. Table 5-2. LED Alarm Indications
Alarm
Major Minor ODU
Description
Red. Indicates traffic-affecting fault. Yellow. Indicates nontraffic affecting fault. Red - Indicates traffic-affecting fault. Yellow - Indicates nontraffic affecting fault and fault is in the path or ODU.
Maintenance
Green - On indicates normal operating mode Green - Flashing indicates self test. Yellow - On indicates protection has been manually switched. Yellow - Flashing indicates local and remote loopback testing in progress.
The IDU contains the ISAC module and SP unit.
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial Cable
The coaxial cable connects the IDU to the ODU. In a protected system there are two coaxial cables. For more information on coaxial cables, see Installing
the IDU/ODU Coaxial Cable on page 1-22
Antenna
The antenna is application specific. It contains hardware for direct or remote mounting. For more information on the antenna, refer to the manufacturers documentation.

The Web Maintenance Terminal (WMT) application consists of a web browser running on a service terminal and WMT software on the Altium radio. The WMT software on the Altium radio is installed during the manufacturing process. It can be reloaded or upgraded in the field through the WMT. You can connect the maintenance terminal to the Altium radio either directly or remotely.
System Configurations
System Configurations
The Altium system is optimized for protected operation. Table 5-4 lists the supported configurations. The first column describes the configuration. The second column lists the corresponding alphabetic abbreviations for each configuration. The third column lists the corresponding numeric abbreviations for each configuration. For example, the abbreviation NN indicates a configuration with two nonprotected radios. The abbreviation 1+1 indicates a configuration with one primary radio and one protection radio. Table 5-3. System Configurations
Configuration Nonprotected transmitter and receiver Monitored hot standby transmitter and receiver Monitored hot standby transmitters and space diversity receivers NN HH HS 1+0 1+1 1+1
Protection Switching
Protection switching detects circuitry malfunctions on the SP unit and routes data to provide maximum protection against failures and to isolate internal or external system faults. There are two types of protection switching: on-demand (manual) and automatic. Additionally, automatic remote TX switching protects the receiver from silent TX remote failures.
Table 5-4. Protected System Configurations

Configuration Nonprotected transmitter and receiver Monitored hot standby transmitter and receiver Monitored hot standby transmitters and space diversity receivers 1+0 1+1 1+1
RF Unit
Diplexer
ISAC
Signal Processor A
A ESD A B 1 1 B VF/AUX DATA NMS/AUX 3 NMS/AUX 1
RADIO
STM-1 INDOOR UNIT

BATTERY A
STATUS
ALARMS
MAINT
NMS/AUX 2
MAJ
MIN
ODU
MAINT
0184
Figure 5-12. Nonprotected Altium Configuration
SP-A
ODU-A Tx VR-A LIU-A Muldem-A MUX-A DMX-A Modem-A MOD-A DEMOD-A Synth-A RfTx-A RfRx-A Synth-A
Tx Rx
Tx-A Rx-A
ISAC Tx Aux VF Rx
Tx
Rx
0248
Figure 5-13. 1+0 Nonprotected Transmitter and Receiver
RF Unit
Diplexer
RF Unit
ISAC
Signal Processor A
Signal Processor B
0183
Figure 5-14. Protected Altium Configuration
SP-A
Tx Rx
Tx-A Rx-A
ISAC Tx Aux VF Rx
Tx
Rx SP-B ODU-B Tx VR-B LIU-B Tx Rx Tx-B Rx-B Muldem-B MUX-B DMX-B Modem-B MOD-B DEMOD-B Synth-B RfTx-B RfRx-B Synth-B
0182
Figure 5-15. 1+1 Monitored Hot Standby Protection Switching
SP-A
Tx Rx
Tx-A Rx-A
ISAC Tx Aux VF Rx
Tx
Rx SP-B ODU-B Tx VR-B LIU-B Tx Rx Tx-B Rx-B Muldem-B MUX-B DMX-B Modem-B MOD-B DEMOD-B Synth-B RfTx-B RfRx-B Synth-B
0179
Figure 5-16. 1+1 Space Diversity Protection Switching
Automatic Transmit Power Control
Automatic Transmit Power Control

Automatic transmit power control (ATPC) provides two transmit power levels. Normal operation is at a low output power level. During certain conditions, the Altium system switches to a higher transmit power level (increase by 7 dB or more, depending on the transmit power output attenuation setting). ATPC switches back to the low transmit power level when external conditions permit it or when a time threshold is reached. ATPC causes no interruption in traffic. The receiver determines the need to increase transmit power depending on low RSL, FEC, and parity counter overflow alarms. ATPC can be active for 5 minutes at a time. After that, it must be deactivated and an alarm raised.
Appendix A System Specifications
Operating Characteristics
Table A-1. System Specifications - 7 GHz Radio

Characteristic Frequency Stability Configurable Options Residual BER Antenna Connection Service Channels Alarms Operating Temperature Input Voltage Power Consumption Return Loss Antenna Port Impedance Mechanics Description 10 ppm NN, HH, HS, FF, 1:3 FF <10 -13 CMR-112 2 Digital (64 Kbps synchronous), 2 VF (300 to 3400 Hz) 8 TTL inputs, 4 TTL outputs, 4 configurable relays IDU (-10 to +55C), ODU (-45 to +55C) -40 to -72 VDC Nonprotected 70W, Protected 140W 12 dB 50 ohms IDU 3.5 in. H, 17.5 in. W, 9.5 in. D (89 mm H, 445 mm W, 240 mm D) ODU 14 in. H, 17.5 in. W, 8 in. D (356 mm H, 445 mm W, 200 mm D)
System Specifications A-1
Part Numbers
Part Numbers
The part numbers listed here are for spareable assemblies.
Table A-2. Part Numbers

Description IDU Fan Assembly ISAC Assembly Signal Processor Assembly Access Panel Assembly Configuration Card ODU RF Plug-in Assembly OSAC Assembly RF Distribution Assembly - NN RF Distribution Assembly - HH RF Distribution Assembly - HS RF Distribution Assembly - HF Part Number
Envelope Drawings
Envelope drawings show the dimensions of the IDU (Figure 1-1) and the ODU (Figure A-2).
A-2 System Specifications
Envelope Drawings
10.984
5.220
16.850
19.142
5.220
ESD
A B
NMS/AUX1
NMS/AUX1
MAINT
NMS/AUX2
0249
Figure 1-1. IDU Envelope Drawing
System Specifications A-3
Envelope Drawings
12.427
Bottom
9.365
19.142
Side
Front (open)
0201
Figure A-2. ODU Envelope Drawing
A-4 System Specifications
Glossary
100BaseT. 100-Mbps baseband Fast Ethernet specification using UTP wiring. Like the 10BaseT technology on which it is based, 100BaseT sends link pulses over the network segment when no traffic is present. However, these link pulses contain more information than those used in 10BaseT. Based on the IEEE 802.3 standard. See also 10BaseT, Fast Ethernet, and IEEE 802.3. 10Base2. 10-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification using 50-ohm thin coaxial cable. 10Base2, which is part of the IEEE 802.3 specification, has a distance limit of 606.8 feet (185 meters) per segment. See also Cheapernet, Ethernet, IEEE 802.3, and Thinnet. 10BaseT. 10-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification using two pairs of twisted-pair cabling (Category 3, 4, or 5): one pair for transmitting data and the other for receiving data. 10BaseT, which is part of the IEEE 802.3 specification, has a distance limit of approximately 328 feet (100 meters) per segment. See also Ethernet and IEEE 802.3. 802.12. IEEE LAN standard that specifies the physical layer and the MAC sublayer of the data link layer. IEEE 802.12 uses the demand priority media-access scheme at 100 Mbps over a variety of physical media. 802.x. Set of IEEE standards for the definition of LAN protocols. A&B bit signaling. Procedure used in T1 transmission facilities in which each of the 24 T1 subchannels devotes one bit of every sixth frame to the carrying of supervisory signaling information. Also called 24th channel signaling. address. Data structure or logical convention used to identify a unique entity, such as a particular process or network device. ADC or A/D. Analog to Digital Converter address mapping. Technique that allows different protocols to interoperate by translating addresses from one format to another. For example, when routing IP over X.25, the IP addresses must be mapped to the X.25 addresses so that the IP packets can be transmitted by the X.25 network. address resolution. Generally, a method for resolving differences between computer addressing schemes. Address resolution usually specifies a method for mapping network layer (Layer 3) addresses to data link layer (Layer 2) addresses. ADM. Add/Drop Multiplexer. Device which allows traffic to be inserted and/or dropped in either direction without demultiplexing the entire signal. AGC. Automatic Gain control agent. Generally, software that processes queries and returns replies on behalf of an application. In NMSs, process that resides in all managed devices and reports the values of specified variables to management stations. alarm. SNMP message notifying an operator or administrator of a network problem.
Glossary-1
Glossary
ANSI. American National Standards Institute. The coordinating body for voluntary standards groups within the United States. ANSI is a member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). application. Program that performs a function directly for a user. FTP and Telnet clients are examples of network applications. ARP. Address Resolution Protocol. Internet protocol used to map an IP address to a MAC address. Defined in RFC 826. ASCII. American Standard Code for Information Interchange. 8-bit code for character representation (7 bits plus parity). asynchronous transmission. Term describing digital signals that are transmitted without precise clocking. Such signals generally have different frequencies and phase relationships. Asynchronous transmissions usually encapsulate individual characters in control bits (called start and stop bits) that designate the beginning and end of each character. ATM. Asynchronous Transfer Mode. (1) The CCITT standard for cell relay wherein information for multiple types of services (voice, video, data) is conveyed in small, fixed-size cells. ATM is a connection oriented technology used in both LAN and WAN environments. (2) A fast-packet switching technology allowing free allocation of capacity to each channel. ATPC. Automatic Transmit Power Control authentication. In security, the verification of the identity of a person or process. AUX. Auxiliary
B8ZS. binary 8-zero substitution. Line-code type, used on T1 circuits, in which a special code is substituted whenever 8 consecutive zeros are sent over the link. This code is then interpreted at the remote end of the connection. This technique guarantees ones density independent of the data stream. Sometimes called bipolar 8-zero substitution. Backplane. The main bus that carries data within a device. Bandwidth. (1) Measure of the information capacity of a transmission channel. (2) The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies of a band that can be passed by a transmission medium without undue distortion, such as the AM band 535 to 1705 kilohertz. (3) Information carrying capacity of a communication channel. Analog bandwidth is the range of signal frequencies that can be transmitted by a communication channel or network. bandwidth. Difference between the highest and lowest frequencies available for network signals. The term is also used to describe the rated throughput capacity of a given network medium or protocol. baseband. Characteristic of a network technology where only one carrier frequency is used. Ethernet is an example of a baseband network. Also called narrowband. Contrast with broadband. baud. Unit of signaling speed equal to the number of discrete signal elements transmitted per second. Baud is synonymous with bits per second (bps) if each signal element represents exactly 1 bit. BER. 1. bit error rate. Ratio of received bits that contain errors. 2. basic encoding rules. Rules for encoding data units described in the ISO ASN.1 standard.
Glossary-2
Glossary
BER. Bit Error Rate. (1) Percentage of bits in a transmittal received in error. (2) The number of coding violations detected in a unit of time, usually one second. bipolar 8-zero substitution. See B8ZS. BNC. Bayonet Neill-Concelman connector BOOTP. Bootstrap Protocol. Protocol used by a network node to determine the IP address of its Ethernet interfaces, in order to affect network booting. BPF. Band Pass Filter bps. Bits Per Second. The number of bits passing a point every second. The transmission rate for digital information. bridge. Device that connects and passes packets between two network segments that use the same communications protocol. Bridges operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI reference model. In general, a bridge will filter, forward, or flood an incoming frame based on the MAC address of that frame. broadband. Transmission system that multiplexes multiple independent signals onto one cable. In telecommunications terminology, any channel having a bandwidth greater than a voice-grade channel (4 kHz). In LAN terminology, a coaxial cable on which analog signaling is used. Also called wideband. Contrast with baseband. browser. GUI-based hypertext client application, such as Internet Explorer, Mosaic, and Netscape Navigator, used to access hypertext documents and other services located on innumerable remote servers throughout the WWW and Internet. BW. Bandwidth cable. Transmission medium of copper wire or optical fiber wrapped in a
protective cover. carrier. Electromagnetic wave or alternating current of a single frequency, suitable for modulation by another, data-bearing signal. See also modulation. CE. Compliance marking which denotes that a product conforms to certain European Economic Community Directives to remove technical barriers to trade within the Single Market (quotation taken from URN 94/634) (includes EMC/ EMI, etc.). CEPT. European Conference of postal and Telecommunications Administration Channel. (1) A communication path. Multiple channels can be multiplexed over a single cable in certain environments. The term is also used to describe the specific path between large computers and attached peripherals. (2) An electrical or photonic, in the case of fiber optic-based transmission systems, communications path between two or more points of termination. (3) The smallest subdivision of a circuit that provides a type of communication service; usually a path with only one direction. CLEI. Common Language Equipment Identification. CLK. Clock Clock. Any of the sources of timing signals used in isochronous data transmission. CPU. Central Processing Unit Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). (1) Telephone terminal devices, such as handsets and private branch exchanges (PBXs), located on the customers premises. (2) Terminating equipment, such as terminals, phones, routers and modems, supplied by the phone company, installed at customer sites, and connected to the phone company network.
Glossary-3
Glossary
DAC or D/A. Digital to Analog Converter data circuit-terminating equipment. See DCE. data communications equipment. See DCE. data terminal equipment. See DTE. dB. Decibel, logarithmic unit of signal ratio DB connector. data bus connector. Type of connector used to connect serial and parallel cables to a data bus. DB connector names are in the format DB-x, where x represents the number of wires within the connector. Each line is connected to a pin on the connector, but in many cases, not all pins are assigned a function. DB connectors are defined by various EIA/ TIA standards. DB-25. The name of the standard 25-pin connector. DB-9. The name of the standard 9-pin connector used for RS-232 serial communications. dBm. Decibel referenced to 1 mW DCE. 1. data communications equipment (EIA expansion) 2. data circuit-terminating equipment (ITU-T expansion). Devices and connections of a communications network that comprise the network end of the user-to-network interface. The DCE provides a physical connection to the network, forwards traffic, and provides a clocking signal used to synchronize data transmission between DCE and DTE devices. Modems and interface cards are examples of DCE. demodulation. Process of returning a modulated signal to its original form. Modems perform demodulation by taking an analog signal and returning it to its original (digital) form. See also
modulation. DEMOD. Demodulator demultiplexing. Separating of multiple input streams that were multiplexed into a common physical signal back into multiple output streams. DEMUX. De-Multiplexer DFM. Dispersive Fade Margin DS-0. digital signal level 0. Framing specification used in transmitting digital signals over a single channel at 64-kbps on a T1 facility. DS-1. digital signal level 1. Framing specification used in transmitting digital signals at 1.544-Mbps on a T1 facility. Composed of 24 DS-0 channels in many cases. The DS1 digital transmission system is the primary digital communication system in North America (in the United States). DS-3. Digital transmission facility operating at 45 Mbps bandwidth. Composed of 28 DS-1 channels in many cases. DS-3. digital signal level 3. Framing specification used for transmitting digital signals at 44.736-Mbps on a T3 facility. DTE. data terminal equipment. Device at the user end of a user-network interface that serves as a data source, destination, or both. DTE connects to a data network through a DCE device (for example, a modem) and typically uses clocking signals generated by the DCE. DTE includes such devices as computers, protocol translators, and multiplexers. DTMF. Dual Tone Multi-Frequency E1. The term for a digital facility used for transmitting data over a telephone network at 2.048 Mbps. The European
Glossary-4
Glossary
equivalent of T1. Consists of 30 64 kbps voice/data channels. E3. Wide-area digital transmission scheme used predominantly in Europe that carries data at a rate of 34.368 Mbps. E3 lines can be leased for private use from common carriers. Consists of 16 E1 channels ECC. Embedded Control Channel. EEPROM. electrically erasable programmable read-only memory. EPROM that can be erased using electrical signals applied to specific pins. EIA. Electronic Industries Association. Group that specifies electrical transmission standards. The EIA and TIA have developed numerous well-known communications standards, including EIA/TIA-232 and EIA/TIA-449. EIA-530. Refers to two electrical implementations of EIA/TIA-449: RS-422 (for balanced transmission) and RS-423 (for unbalanced transmission). EIA/TIA-232. Common physical layer interface standard, developed by EIA and TIA, that supports unbalanced circuits at signal speeds of up to 64 kbps. Closely resembles the V.24 specification. Formerly called as RS-232. EIA/TIA-449. Popular physical layer interface developed by EIA and TIA. Essentially, a faster (up to 2 Mbps) version of EIA/TIA-232 capable of longer cable runs. Formerly called RS-449. EIA/TIA-586. Standard that describes the characteristics and applications for various grades of UTP cabling. EMC. Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI. electromagnetic interference. Interference by electromagnetic signals that can cause reduced data integrity and increased error rates on transmission
channels. EOW. Engineering Order Wire EPROM. erasable programmable read-only memory. Nonvolatile memory chips that are programmed after they are manufactured, and, if necessary, can be erased by some means and reprogrammed. ES. Error Second ESD. Electrostatic Discharge ESR. Ethernet. A baseband LAN specification invented by Xerox Corporation and developed jointly by Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethernet networks operate at 10 Mbps using CSMA/CD to run over coaxial cable. Ethernet is similar to a series of standards produced by IEEE referred to as IEEE 802.3. Ethernet. Baseband LAN specification invented by Xerox Corporation and developed jointly by Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethernet networks use CSMA/CD and run over a variety of cable types at 10 Mbps. Ethernet is similar to the IEEE 802.3 series of standards. ETSI. European Telecommunications Standards Institute. FCC. Federal Communications Commission. U.S. government agency that supervises, licenses, and controls electronic and electromagnetic transmission standards. FDDI. Fiber Distributed Data Interface. LAN standard, defined by ANSI X3T9.5, specifying a 100-Mbps token-passing network using fiber-optic cable, with transmission distances of up to 2 km. FDDI uses a dual-ring architecture to provide redundancy.
Glossary-5
Glossary
FEC. Forward Error Correction flow control. Technique for ensuring that a transmitting entity, such as a modem, does not overwhelm a receiving entity with data. When the buffers on the receiving device are full, a message is sent to the sending device to suspend the transmission until the data in the buffers has been processed. In IBM networks, this technique is called pacing. G.703/G.704. ITU-T electrical and mechanical specifications for connections between telephone company equipment and DTE using BNC connectors and operating at E1 data rates. GUI. graphical user interface. User environment that uses pictorial as well as textual representations of the input and output of applications and the hierarchical or other data structure in which information is stored. Conventions such as buttons, icons, and windows are typical, and many actions are performed using a pointing device (such as a mouse). Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh are prominent examples of platforms using a GUI. H/W. Hardware handshake. Sequence of messages exchanged between two or more network devices to ensure transmission synchronization. HH. Hot Standby TX / Hot Standby RX HS. Hot Standby TX / Space Diversity RX HTML. Hypertext Markup Language. Simple hypertext document formatting language that uses tags to indicate how a given part of a document should be interpreted by a viewing application, such as a Web browser. See also hypertext and Web browser. HTTP. Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The
protocol used by Web browsers and Web servers to transfer files, such as text and graphic files. IDU. In Door Unit IEC. International Electrotechnical Commission. Industry group that writes and distributes standards for electrical products and components. IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Professional organization whose activities include the development of communications and network standards. IEEE LAN standards are the predominant LAN standards today. IEEE 802.3. IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an implementation of the physical layer and the MAC sublayer of the data link layer. IEEE 802.3 uses CSMA/CD access at a variety of speeds over a variety of physical media. Extensions to the IEEE 802.3 standard specify implementations for Fast Ethernet. Physical variations of the original IEEE 802.3 specification include 10Base2, 10Base5, 10BaseF, 10BaseT, and 10Broad36. Physical variations for Fast Ethernet include 100BaseT, 100BaseT4, and 100BaseX. IEEE 802.5. IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an implementation of the physical layer and MAC sublayer of the data link layer. IEEE 802.5 uses token passing access at 4 or 16 Mbps over STP cabling and is similar to IBM Token Ring. IF. Intermediate frequency Internet. A collection of networks interconnected by a set of routers which allow them to function as a single, large virtual network. iIP. Internet Protocol. Network layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack offering a connectionless internetwork service. IP provides features for addressing, type-of-service specification,
Glossary-6
Glossary
fragmentation and reassembly, and security. Defined in RFC 791. IP address. 32-bit address assigned to hosts using TCP/IP. An IP address belongs to one of five classes (A, B, C, D, or E) and is written as 4 octets separated by periods (dotted decimal format). Each address consists of a network number, an optional subnetwork number, and a host number. The network and subnetwork numbers together are used for routing, while the host number is used to address an individual host within the network or subnetwork. A subnet mask is used to extract network and subnetwork information from the IP address. CIDR provides a new way of representing IP addresses and subnet masks. Also called an Internet address. ISO 9000. Set of international quality-management standards defined by ISO. The standards, which are not specific to any country, industry, or product, allow companies to demonstrate that they have specific processes in place to maintain an efficient quality system. ISAC. Indoor Service Administration and Control. Replaceable IDU module. ITU-T. International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector. International body that develops worldwide standards for telecommunications technologies. The ITU-T carries out the functions of the former CCITT. kbps. Kilo bit per second LAN. local-area network. High-speed, low-error data network covering a relatively small geographic area (up to a few thousand meters). LANs connect workstations, peripherals, terminals, and other devices in a single building or other geographically limited area. LAN standards specify cabling and signaling at
the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring are widely used LAN technologies. Leased Line. A transmission line reserved by a communications carrier for the private use of a customer. LED. Light Emitting Diode line of sight. Characteristic of certain transmission systems such as laser, microwave, and infrared systems in which no obstructions in a direct path between transmitter and receiver can exist. Link. Physical connection between two nodes in a network. It can consist of a data communication circuit or a direct channel (cable) connection. LIU. Line Interface Unit Local Loop. The line from a telephone customers premises to the telephone company Central Office. LOF. Loss of Frame LOS. Loss of Signal LPBK. Loopback LPF. Low Pass Filter Mbps. Mega bit per second MCU. Monitor and Control Unit. MDF. Main Distribution Frame MHSB. Monitored Hot Standby MIB. Management Information Base. A database of information on managed objects that can be accessed via network management protocols such as SNMP and CMIP. microwave. Electromagnetic waves in the range 1 to 30 GHz. Microwave-based networks are an evolving technology
Glossary-7
Glossary
gaining favor due to high bandwidth and relatively low cost. modem. modulator-demodulator. Device that converts digital and analog signals. At the source, a modem converts digital signals to a form suitable for transmission over analog communication facilities. At the destination, the analog signals are returned to their digital form. Modems allow data to be transmitted over voice-grade telephone lines. Modulation. process by which signal characteristics are transformed to represent information. Types of modulation include frequency modulation (FM), where signals of different frequencies represent different data values. MTBF. Mean Time Between Failures (in 10+9 hours of operation) MTTR. Mean Time to Repair MULDEM. Multiplexer/Demultiplexer multimode fiber. Optical fiber supporting propagation of multiple frequencies of light. See also single-mode fiber. multiplexing. Scheme that allows multiple logical signals to be transmitted simultaneously across a single physical channel. mux. multiplexing device. Combines multiple signals for transmission over a single line. The signals are demultiplexed, or separated, at the receiving end. MUX. Multiplexer NC. Normally Closed Contact of the Relay NE. Network Element. network. Collection of computers, printers, routers, switches, and other devices that are able to communicate with
each other over some transmission medium. network administrator. Person responsible for the operation, maintenance, and management of a network. NIC. 1. network interface card. Board that provides network communication capabilities to and from a computer system. Also called an adapter. NMS. network management system. System responsible for managing at least part of a network. An NMS is generally a reasonably powerful and well-equipped computer such as an engineering workstation. NMSs communicate with agents to help keep track of network statistics and resources. NN. Non-Protected Transmitter/ Non-Protected Receiver OAM&P. Operations, Administration and Maintenance Provisioning. OC-1. Optical Carrier 1. ITU-ISS physical standard for optical fiber used in transmission systems operating at 51.84 Mbps. OC-3. Optical Carrier 3. ITU-ISS physical standard for optical fiber used in transmission systems operating at 155 Mbps OC-x. Optical Carrier. Fundamental unit used in SONET (Synchronous Optical NETwork) hierarchy. OC indicates an optical signal and x represents increments of 51.84 Mbps. OC-1, -3, and -12 equal optical rates of 51, 155, and 622 Mbps. ODU. Outdoor unit optical fiber. See fiber-optic cable. OS. Operating System.
Glossary-8
Glossary
OSAC. Outdoor System Administration and Control OSI. Open Systems Interconnection. A 7-layer architecture model for communications systems developed by ISO and used as a reference model for most network architectures. PA. Power Amplifier PCB. Printed Circuit Board PCM. Pulse Code Modulation PDH. Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDH. Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy. plesiochronous transmission. Term describing digital signals that are sourced from different clocks of comparable accuracy and stability. POH. Path OverHead. PPP. Point-to-Point Protocol PPP. Point-to-Point Protocol. Successor to SLIP that provides router-to-router and host-to-network connections over synchronous and asynchronous circuits. Whereas SLIP was designed to work with IP, PPP was designed to work with several network layer protocols, such as IP, IPX, and ARA. PPP also has builtin security mechanisms, such as CHAP and PAP. PPP relies on two protocols: LCP and NCP. Premises. A building or a portion of a building in a multitenant building, or buildings on a continuous property (except Railroad Right-of-Way, etc.) not separated by a public highway except for an end user that offers Telecommunications Services exclusively as a reseller. This term is not to be limited to one building, but applies as well to a complex, or campus-type configuration, or buildings. PSU. Power Supply Unit
PTT. Postal, Telegraph and Telephone Company. Generic term for a provider of these services. A governmental agency in many countries. PWR. Power QAM. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QPSK. Quadrature Phase Shift Key Modulation RAM. random-access memory. Volatile memory that can be read and written by a microprocessor. RBOC. Regional Bell Operating Company. (1) One of seven telephone companies created after AT&T divestiture. (2) The acronym for the local telephone companies created in 1984 as part of the breakup of AT&T. The seven RBOCs are Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, Bell South, NYNEX, Pacific Telesis Group, Southwestern Bell, and U.S. West. Regenerator. Repeater (1) A device that regenerates and propagates electrical signals between two network segments. (2) Device that restores a degraded digital signal for continued transmission; also called a regenerator. RF. Radio Frequency RF. radio frequency. Generic term referring to frequencies that correspond to radio transmissions. Cable TV and broadband networks use RF technology. RFI. Radio Frequency Interference RFI. radio frequency interference. Radio frequencies that create noise that interferes with information being transmitted across unshielded copper cable. RJ-11. Standard 4-wire connectors for phone lines. RJ-45. Standard 8-wire connectors for
Glossary-9
Glossary
IEEE 802.3 10BaseT networks. RS-232. Popular physical layer interface. Now known as EIA/TIA-232. RS-423. Unbalanced electrical implementation of EIA/TIA-449 for EIA/ TIA-232 compatibility. Now referred to collectively with RS-422 as EIA-530. RS-449. Popular physical layer interface. Now known as EIA/TIA-449. RSL. Receive Signal Level RSSI. Received Signal Strength Indicator RTFM. read the fantastic manual. Acronym often used when someone asks a simple or common question. RX. Receiver S/W. Software SDH. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. European standard that defines a set of rate and format standards that are transmitted using optical signals over fiber. SDH is similar to SONET, with a basic SDH rate of 155.52 Mbps, designated at STM-1. SES. Severe Error Second Single Mode. Used to describe optical fiber that allows only one mode of light signal transmission. Single-mode Fiber. Also called monomode. Single-mode fiber has a narrow core that allows light to enter only at a single angle. Such fiber has higher bandwidth than multimode fiber, but requires a light source with a narrow spectral width (for example, a LASER). SONET. Synchronous Optical Network. High-speed (up to 2.5 Gbps) synchronous network specification developed by Bellcore and designed to run on optical fiber. STS-1 is the basic building block of SONET. Approved as an international
standard in 1988. SNMP. Simple Network Management Protocol. The Internet network management protocol. SNMP provides a means to monitor and set network configurations and runtime parameters. SOH. Section OverHead. SONET. Synchronous Optical Network. (1) A set of standards for transmitting digital information over optical networks. Synchronous indicates that all pieces of the SONET signal can be tied to a single clock. (2) A CCITT standard for synchronous transmission up toe multigigabit speeds. (3) A standard for fiber optics. SP. Signal Processing STD. Standard FibreNex shelf. STM-1. Synchronous Transport Module level 1. One of a number of SDH formats that specifies the frame structure for the 155.52-Mbps lines used to carry ATM cells. STM-4. Synchronous Transport Module, Level 4. Transmission rate of 622.08 Mbps. STS-1. Synchronous Transport Signal level 1. Basic building block signal of SONET, operating at 51.84 Mbps. Faster SONET rates are defined as STS-n, where n is a multiple of 51.84 Mbps. subnet mask. 32-bit address mask used in IP to indicate the bits of an IP address that are being used for the subnet address. Sometimes referred to simply as mask. synchronous transmission. Term describing digital signals that are transmitted with precise clocking. Such signals have the same frequency, with individual characters encapsulated in control bits (called start bits and stop bits) that designate the beginning and end of each character.
Glossary-10
Glossary
T1. Digital WAN carrier facility. T1 transmits DS-1-formatted data at 1.544 Mbps through the telephone-switching network, using AMI or B8ZS coding. T3. Digital WAN carrier facility. T3 transmits DS-3-formatted data at 44.736 Mbps through the telephone switching network. TDM. Time Division Multiplexing. Technique where information from multiple channels may be allocated bandwidth on a single wire based on time slot assignment. Terminal. The device on a line where signals are either transmitted or received. TFTP. Trivial File Transfer Protocol. TIA. Telecommunications Industry Association. Organization that develops standards relating to telecommunications technologies. Together, the TIA and the EIA have formalized standards, such as EIA/TIA-232, for the electrical characteristics of data transmission. TIA-232. -RS-422. Balanced electrical implementation of EIA/TIA-449 for high-speed data transmission. Now referred to collectively with RS-423 as EIA-530. TIU. Tributary Interface Unit. TNC. Threaded Neill-Concelman Connector. TTL. Transistor to transistor logic. TX. Transmitter URL. Universal Resource Locator. Standardized addressing scheme for accessing hypertext documents and other services using a browser. V.24. ITU-T standard for a physical layer interface between DTE and DCE. V.24 is
essentially the same as the EIA/TIA-232 standard. V.32. ITU-T standard serial line protocol for bidirectional data transmissions at speeds of 4.8 or 9.6 Kbps. V.32bis. ITU-T standard that extends V.32 to speeds up to 14.4 Kbps. V.34. ITU-T standard that specifies a serial line protocol. V.34 offers improvements to the V.32 standard, including higher transmission rates (28.8 Kbps) and enhanced data compression. V.35. ITU-T standard describing a synchronous, physical layer protocol used for communications between a network access device and a packet network. V.35 is most commonly used in the United States and in Europe, and is recommended for speeds up to 48 Kbps. V.42. ITU-T standard protocol for error correction using LAPM. VCO. Voltage Controlled Oscillator VF. Voice Frequency WAN. Wide Area Network. A network which encompasses interconnectivity between devices over a wide geographic area. Such networks would require public rights-of-way and operate over long distances. wiring closet. Specially designed room used for wiring a data or voice network. Wiring closets serve as a central junction point for the wiring and wiring equipment that is used for interconnecting devices. WMT. Web Based Maintenance Terminal XTD. Extended FibreNex shelf.
Glossary-11
Glossary
Glossary-12
Index
A
Access Panel 5-7 active FPGA SP A software version 4-76 active FPGA SP B software version 4-76 active IDU software version 4-76 active ODU software version 4-76 actual status 4-44 AGC 1-28 AIS enabled/disabled 4-43 alarm, relay configuration 4-41 Altium system components 5-2 overview 5-1 antenna alignment 1-28 asynchronous/synchronous 4-39 ATPC 5-34 auto baud 4-54 automatic transmit power control 5-34 auxiliary loopback 4-67
MAINT 1-36 NMS/Aux 1 1-34 NMS/Aux 2 1-35 NMS/Aux 3 1-35 summary 5-26 VF/AUX DATA 1-37 control TTL output 4-44 CONTROL/ALARMS 1-39 crimp tools 1-22 current bit errors 4-67 current, RSSI 4-64
D
data bits 4-39, 4-54, 4-58 data channel name 4-39 data channel number 4-39 data rate 4-39 date 4-35 description 4-61 destination of the download 4-74 disable ATPC 4-47
B
bandwidth 4-35 bandwidth, SP 4-42 BER data (side A) 4-63 BER data (side B) 4-63
E
enable always 4-40 enable online TX only 4-40 envelope drawings A-2 EOW 1-33 equipment unpacking 1-2 errored second 4-63 errored second ratio 4-63 ESD protection 1-6 Ethernet hub description 5-22 installing 1-30 event types 4-60 exchange FPGA SP A software 4-75 exchange FPGA SP B software 4-75 exchange IDU software 4-75 exchange ODU software 4-75 external equipment 1-30 external MUX present 4-40
C
capacity link status 4-35 SP configuration 4-42 clock edge type 4-39 clock type 4-39 coaxial cable A-side, B-side 1-24 connecting 1-25 service loop 1-24 TNC connectors 1-22 coaxial cable, installing 1-22 coaxial cables, recommended 1-22 comments 4-37 configuration PROM 3-12, 5-25 configure ports 4-57 connectors CONTROL/ALARMS 1-39, 5-18 Ethernet hub 1-30, 5-22 handset 5-22
F
fan module description 5-22 replacing 3-13
Index-1
Index
fiber optic cables, connecting 1-11 filename to download 4-74 flexible waveguide 1-14 flow control 4-54, 4-58 frame loss seconds 4-63 frequency band 4-35 fuses applying power 1-27 removing power 3-10 type 3-10
G
gain 4-45 grounding IDU 1-5 ODU 1-6 system 1-5
external equipment 1-30 grounding 1-5 handset 1-33 IDU 1-9 mounting ears 1-9 ODU 1-14 power 1-3 rack space 1-3 remote mount, ODU 1-14 site preparation 1-3 tools and test equipment 1-8 VF/AUX DATA channel 1-37 installation kit 1-7 IP address 4-56 ISAC module configuration PROM 3-12 operation 5-6 replacing 3-11
H
handset connector, description 5-22 handset, installing 1-33 HH 5-29 horizontal polarization, ODU 1-16 HS 5-29
L
last reset 4-63, 4-64 LEDs Access Panel 5-27 IDU 3-2 ODU 3-3 troubleshooting 3-4 Link Status screen 4-34 LIU loopback 4-67 lock RF RX online 4-72 lock RF TX online 4-72 lock SP RX online 4-72 locking status 4-35
I
ID PROM 5-25 IDU daisychaining, hub site 1-32 daisychaining,repeater site 1-32 fuses 1-27 grounding 1-5 housing 5-22 installing 1-9 LEDs 3-2 operation 5-5 IDU battery voltages 4-65 IDU boot software version 4-76 IDU temperature 4-65 IF loopback 4-67 inactive FPGA SP A software version 4-76 inactive FPGA SP B software version 4-76 inactive IDU software version 4-76 inactive ODU software version 4-76 installation antenna alignment 1-28 applying power 1-27 coaxial cable 1-22 connecting fiber optic cables 1-11 CONTROL/ALARMS 1-39 ESD protection 1-6 Ethernet hub 1-30
M
MAINT 1-36 manual ATPC time remaining 4-47 manual time interval 4-47 maximum diplexer Rx frequency 4-48 maximum diplexer TX frequency 4-48 maximum synthesizer Rx frequency 4-51 maximum synthesizer Tx frequency 4-51 maximum transceiver Rx frequency 4-52 maximum transceiver Tx frequency 4-52 maximum TX power attenuator 4-47 maximum, RSSI 4-64 MDI interface 1-30 MDI-X Interface 1-30 millivolts-to-decibels 1-28 minimum diplexer Rx frequency 4-48 minimum diplexer TX frequency 4-48 minimum synthesizer Rx frequency 4-51 minimum synthesizer Tx frequency 4-51 minimum transceiver Rx frequency 4-52
Index-2
Index
minimum transceiver TX frequency 4-52 minimum, RSSI 4-64 modem dial mode 4-55 modem dial script 4-55 modem hang-up script 4-55 modem list 1 4-54, 4-58 modem list 2 4-54, 4-58 modem setup script 4-55 modulation, SP configuration 4-43 mounting ears 1-9
P
packing list 1-2 parity bits 4-39 part numbers A-2 pass through 4-39 phone list 1 4-54, 4-58 phone list 2 4-54, 4-58 pinouts CONTROL/ALARMS 1-39 Ethernet hub 1-30 handset 1-33 MAINT 1-36 NMS/Aux 1 1-34 NMS/Aux 2 1-35 NMS/Aux 3 1-35 VF/AUX DATA 1-37 port parity 4-54, 4-58 port speed 4-54, 4-58 power applying 3-10 cable assembly 1-3 connecting 1-3 input voltage 1-3 powering on 1-27 prefer side A 4-40 primary address of bootp server 4-74 PROM 5-25 protection settings 4-49 protection switching 5-30
N
name control input TTL 4-44 control output TTL 4-44 relay configuration 4-41 netmask 4-56 NMS configuration 4-56 NMS/Aux 1 1-34 NMS/Aux 2 1-35 NMS/Aux 3 1-35 NN 5-29 no modem list 4-54, 4-58 no phone list 4-54, 4-58 no preference 4-40 number, control output TTL 4-44 number, relay 4-41
O
ODU connectors 1-25 grounding 1-6 horizontal polarization 1-16 housing 5-25 installing 1-14 LEDs 3-3 offset configuration 1-21 remote mount 1-14 space diversity, flexible waveguide 1-19 space diversity, Slip fit and waveguide 1-18 vertical polarization 1-17 ODU battery voltages 4-65 ODU boot software version 4-76 ODU temperature 4-65 offset configuration, ODU 1-21 operating characteristics A-1 order wire address 4-45 orderwire address 4-45 OSAC module description 5-23 replacing 3-24
R
rack space 1-3 radio name link info 4-37 link status 4-35 radio type link info 4-37 link status 4-35 receive ACC map 4-54 receive splitter type 4-49 relays 5-20 remote mount, ODU 1-14 Return Material Authorization 3-5 returning equipment 3-5 RF Distribution module description 5-24 replacing, nonprotected 3-19 replacing, protected 3-20 replacing, space diversity 3-22 RF Plug-in module replacing, nonprotected 3-14 replacing, protected 3-15 replacing, space diversity 3-17
Index-3
Index
RF plugin module 5-24 RF Rx locking status 4-72 RF Tx locking status 4-72 RJ-11 1-33 RJ-45 1-30 RSSI 1-28 run test 4-67 Rx frequency link info 4-37 link status 4-35 RF distribution 4-51
optional test procedures 2-6 preliminary tests 2-2 RSL (optional) 2-6 RSL setup 2-8 test data 2-3 test equipment 2-1 test procedures 2-3 tests performed 2-1 tx power (optional) 2-7 TX power setup 2-11 system configurations 5-29 system specifications A-1
S
scrambler code 4-43 secondary address of bootp server 4-74 select modem list 4-55 select to change 4-42 sequence number 4-60 service loop 1-24 set/status 4-44 severely errored second 4-63 severely errored second ratio 4-63 severity control input TTL 4-44 event logs 4-61 Signal Processor Module 5-5 site name 4-35, 4-37 SNMP manager 4-56 source, events 4-61 SP module replacing, nonprotected 3-6 replacing, protected 3-8 SP Rx locking status 4-72 SP TX locking status 4-72 space diversity, flexible waveguide, ODU 1-19 space diversity, ODU 1-18 speaker 1-33 speaker volume 4-45 status, relays 4-41 stop bits 4-39, 4-54, 4-58 stop test 4-67 subnet mask 4-12 synthesizer 4-50, 5-25 system commissioning bit error tests 2-5 commissioning form 2-13 fade margin setup 2-9 fade margin tests (optional) 2-6 frequency measurement (optional) 2-7 frequency measurement setup 2-10 loopback tests 2-4 optional test 2-2 optional test equipment 2-2
T
test origin 4-66 test type 4-66 TFTP server IP 4-56 TFTP timer 4-56 time stamp, event log 4-60 time, link status 4-35 TNC connectors crimp tool 1-22 crimp type 1-22 preparing 1-22 tools and test equipment 1-8 total accumulated errors 4-67 total available seconds 4-63 total elapsed time 4-67 total test seconds 4-63 total unavailable seconds 4-63 transmit ACC map 4-54 tributary list 4-66 troubleshooting LEDs 3-4 undetected faults 3-5 TTL inputs 5-18 TTL outputs 5-18 Tx frequency link info 4-37 link status 4-35 RF distribution 4-51 Tx power 4-47 Tx power attenuator 4-47 type, relays 4-41
U
unpacking equipment 1-2
V
value, events 4-61 vapor wrap 1-25 vertical polarization, ODU 1-17
Index-4
Index
VF loopback 4-68 VF/AUX DATA, installing 1-37 view test diagram 4-66 voice 1, voice channel 4-45 voice 2, voice channel 4-45
W
wayside loopback 4-67 WMT connecting to Altium radio 4-9 Ethernet connection 4-9 exiting 4-33 MAINT connector 4-14 navigation 4-3 overview 4-1 reset button 4-7 screens summary 4-2 send button 4-7 starting 4-33
Index-5
Index
Index-6

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Altium

Microwave Radio System

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Telephone Number 1-800-DMC-WAVE 1-800-362-9283 1-408-944-1720 01203-863-838 +44-1203-863-838 + 65-484-7780

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Organization of the Manual

Altium Microwave Radio System

Organization of the Manual

WMT Screens Reference

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Unpacking the Equipment

Altium Microwave Radio System

Unpacking the Equipment

An Altium system ships in two containers.

Figure 1-1. Unpacking the IDU and ODU

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

Preparing the Site

Preparing the Site

Figure 1-2. Altium System Rack Space

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Preparing the Site

Altium Microwave Radio System

Reverse polarity can damage the equipment.

Figure 1-3. Power Connections

Figure 1-4. Power Cable Assembly

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

Preparing the Site

Grounding the IDU

Figure 1-5. Grounding the IDU

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Preparing the Site

Altium Microwave Radio System

Grounding the ODU

Figure 1-6. Grounding the ODU

Figure 1-7. ESD Protection

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

Table 1-1. Installation Kit

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Recommended Tools and Test Equipment

Altium Microwave Radio System

Recommended Tools and Test Equipment

PN 300-610012-001 Preliminary 2, January 1999

Altium Microwave Radio System

Installing the IDU