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a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 2ab
(a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2
a2 + b2 = (a b)2 + 2ab
(a + b)(a b) = a2 b2
Example 1:
Given x + y = 9 and xy = 5. Determine :
(i). x2 + y2
(ii). x3 + y3
(iii). x y
Answer
(i). Squaring both sides of
x+y=9
(x + y)2 = 92
x y = 61
Example 2:
Given x +
1
= 5. Find :
x
(i). x2 +
(ii). X3 +
x2
1
x3
(iii). X5 +
1
x5
Answer
(i). Squaring both sides of
x+
1
=5
x
2
x + =5
x
1
1
) + 2 = 25
x
x
1
x
= 25
x2 +
1
x2
= 23
Maths-SMP/Ant E_doc
Algebraic Manipulation
1
1
(ii). x 2 + 2 x + = ( 23 )( 5 )
x
x
1
1 1
x 3 + x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 115
x x
x
x3 + x +
= 115 x +
x
x3 +
x3 +
1
1
+ 3 = 115
x x
= 115 5 = 110
x3
1
1
(iii). x 3 + 3 x 2 + 2 = ( 110 )( 23 )
x
x
1
1 1
x 5 + x 3 2 + 3 x 2 + 5 = 2530
x
x
x
x5 + x +
x5 +
= 2530 x +
x5 +
1
1
+ 5 = 2530
x x
= 2530 5 = 2525
x5
Example 3:
Express
in a simplest form!
Answer
7 517 + 7 519 150
7 517 3
50 7 517 3
7
517
= 50
Example 4:
Calculate
Answer
If we take x = 7000, then
6095 6097 7003 7005 + 64
( x 5 ) ( x 3 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x + 5 ) + 64
Maths-SMP/Ant E_doc
Algebraic Manipulation
(x
x 4 34 x 2 + 225 + 64
x 4 34 x 2 + 289
(x
)(x
25 + 64
)(
17 x 2 17
= (x2 17)
= 70002 17
= 48 999 983
Example 5:
If given p = 41132 + 82282, calculate the value of
5p 4 !
Answer
p = 41132 + 82282
= 41132 + (2 4113 + 2)2
= 41132 + 4 41132 + 8 4113 + 4
= 5 41132 + 8 4113 + 4
5p = 25 41132 + 40 4113 + 20
= 25 41132 + 2 20 4113 + 16 + 4
= (5 4113)2 + 2 (5 4113) (4) + (4)2 + 4
from this we have,
5p 4 = (5 4113)2 + 2 (5 4113) (4) + (4)2
or in another form,
5p 4 = (5 4113 + 4)2
As the final result :
5p 4 = (5 4113 + 4) = 20569
Problem
Given 0 < b < a and a2 + b2 = 3ab. What is the value of
a+b
?
ab
Maths-SMP/Ant E_doc