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Algebraic Manipulation

Some Algebraic Manipulations


It is important to know about several algebraic manipulation, because there are many problems
can be solved with aid of algebraic formulas. Here are some useful formulas usually involved :
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 2ab

(a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2

a2 + b2 = (a b)2 + 2ab

(a + b)(a b) = a2 b2

Example 1:
Given x + y = 9 and xy = 5. Determine :
(i). x2 + y2

(ii). x3 + y3

(iii). x y

Answer
(i). Squaring both sides of

x+y=9

(x + y)2 = 92

then expanding the last equation,


x2 + 2xy + y2 = 81
x2 + y2 = 81 2xy
replacing the value of xy :
x2 + y2 = 81 2(5) = 71
(ii). (x2 + y2)(x + y) = (71)(9)
x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3 = 639
x3 + y3 = 639 (x2y + xy2)
x3 + y3 = 639 xy(x + y)
x3 + y3 = 639 (5)(9) = 594
(iii). (x y)2 = x2 2xy + y2
(x y)2 = x2 + y2 2xy
(x y)2 = 71 2(5)
(x y)2 = 61

x y = 61

Example 2:
Given x +

1
= 5. Find :
x

(i). x2 +

(ii). X3 +

x2

1
x3

(iii). X5 +

1
x5

Answer
(i). Squaring both sides of
x+

1
=5
x

2
x + =5
x

then expanding the last equation,


x2 + 2x(
x2 + 2 +

1
1
) + 2 = 25
x
x
1
x

= 25

x2 +

1
x2

= 23

Maths-SMP/Ant E_doc

Algebraic Manipulation

1
1

(ii). x 2 + 2 x + = ( 23 )( 5 )
x
x

1
1 1
x 3 + x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 115
x x
x
x3 + x +

= 115 x +
x

x3 +

x3 +

1
1
+ 3 = 115
x x

= 115 5 = 110

x3

1
1

(iii). x 3 + 3 x 2 + 2 = ( 110 )( 23 )
x
x

1
1 1
x 5 + x 3 2 + 3 x 2 + 5 = 2530
x
x
x

x5 + x +

x5 +

= 2530 x +

x5 +

1
1
+ 5 = 2530
x x

= 2530 5 = 2525

x5

Example 3:
Express

7 517 + 7 519 150


7 517 3

in a simplest form!

Answer
7 517 + 7 519 150
7 517 3

7 517 + 7 2 7 517 150


7 517 3
7 517 + 49 7 517 150
7 517 3
50 7 517 150
7 517 3

50 7 517 3
7

517

(imagine that you add up : A + 49A 150)

= 50

Example 4:
Calculate

6095 6097 7003 7005 + 64 !

Answer
If we take x = 7000, then
6095 6097 7003 7005 + 64

( x 5 ) ( x 3 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x + 5 ) + 64

Maths-SMP/Ant E_doc

Algebraic Manipulation

(x

x 4 34 x 2 + 225 + 64

x 4 34 x 2 + 289

(x

)(x

25 + 64

)(

17 x 2 17

= (x2 17)
= 70002 17
= 48 999 983

Example 5:
If given p = 41132 + 82282, calculate the value of

5p 4 !

Answer
p = 41132 + 82282
= 41132 + (2 4113 + 2)2
= 41132 + 4 41132 + 8 4113 + 4
= 5 41132 + 8 4113 + 4
5p = 25 41132 + 40 4113 + 20
= 25 41132 + 2 20 4113 + 16 + 4
= (5 4113)2 + 2 (5 4113) (4) + (4)2 + 4
from this we have,
5p 4 = (5 4113)2 + 2 (5 4113) (4) + (4)2
or in another form,
5p 4 = (5 4113 + 4)2
As the final result :
5p 4 = (5 4113 + 4) = 20569

Problem
Given 0 < b < a and a2 + b2 = 3ab. What is the value of

a+b
?
ab

Jakarta, May 27 2010


Prepared by antryo

Maths-SMP/Ant E_doc

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