COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.

, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DECEMBER 2001

COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGN AISC-ASD89

Technical Note

Beam Shear Checks

This Technical Note describes how the program checks the beam end reaction for shear for AISC-ASD89 composite beam design. The program performs two checks for beam end shear. The first is based on the allowable shear stress specified in AISC-ASD89 Specification Section F4. If the beam does not pass this shear stress check, the program indicates that the beam is inadequate. This shear check is described in the section entitled "Shear Stress Check." The second check the program performs is based on the allowable shear rupture (block shear) specified in AISC-ASD89 Specification Section J4. This check is completed based on several built-in assumptions about bolt size, bolt spacing, cope depth, etc. If the beam does not pass this shear rupture check, the program does not indicate that the beam is inadequate. Instead, it issues a design warning message in the output that the block shear may be high for the beam. This shear check is described in the section entitled "Shear Rupture Check" in this Technical Note

Shear Stress Check

Typical Case
For h/tw 380

Fy the allowable shear stress is shown in Equation 1, which is

the same as AISC-ASD89 Specification Equation F4-1. Fv = 0.40 Fy where, Fv Fy = = Allowable shear stress, ksi. Beam yield stress, ksi. Eqn. 1

The shear stress to which Equation 1 applies is calculated using Equation 2.

Shear Stress Check

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Beam Shear Checks

fv = where, Cbot Ctop V

V d C bot C top t w

Eqn. 2

= Cope depth at bottom of beam, in. = Cope depth at top of beam, in. = Beam end shear at the inside end of the rigid end offset along the length of the beam (if the offset exists), kips. = Beam depth, in. = Shear stress, ksi. = Beam web thickness, in.

d fv tw Note:

The top and bottom copes are internally calculated by the program and reported in the long- and short-form printed output. See the section entitled "Copes" later in this Technical Note for more information on beam copes. Note that Equation 2 is based on the full depth of the beam minus the top and bottom copes. The copes are internally calculated by the program and are reported in the printed output. See the following section titled "Copes" for information on how the program determines the assumed copes.

Slender Web
For h/tw > 380

Fy the allowable shear stress is that shown in Equation 3.

Equation 3 is based on AISC-ASD89 Specification Equation F4-2 with kv set equal to 5.34. F v = Cv where Cv = 45,000 * 5.34 Fy (h t w )
2

Fy 2.89

0.40Fy

Eqn. 3

when Cv 0.8

Eqn. 3a

Shear Stress Check

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Beam Shear Checks

Cv =

190 h tw

5.34 when Cv > 0.8 Fy

Eqn. 3b

The shear stress to which Equation 3 applies is calculated using Equation 4. fv =

(d

V
* C bot

C* top t w

Eqn. 4

where C*bot = maximum of Cbot or tf bot C*top = maximum of Ctop or tf top Eqn. 4a Eqn. 4b

Note that Equation 4 is based on the clear distance between the flanges of the beam minus any portion of the top and bottom copes that extends into this clear distance. This is different from the typical, non-slender web case. Finally, note that the value of h/tw is limited by the requirements for a noncompact web. See "Noncompact Section Limits for Webs" in Technical Note Width-to-Thickness Checks Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89 for more information.

Copes
The program calculates the default beam copes as follows:
!

If the beam frames into a column or a brace, by default, no cope is assumed at either the top or the bottom of the beam. If a beam, call it Beam A, frames into another beam, call it Beam B, the following copes are assumed in Beam A, as shown in Figure 1: " The depth of the cope at the top of Beam A is equal to the thickness of the Beam B top flange plus 1/4". If the depth of Beam A is greater than the depth of Beam B minus the bottom flange thickness of Beam B minus 1/4", the depth of the cope at the bottom of Beam A is equal to the depth of Beam A minus the depth of Beam B plus the bottom flange thickness of Beam B plus 1/4".

"

Copes

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Beam Shear Checks

tf-top + 1/4"

tf-top

Beam B

Beam A

tf-bot + 1/4"

dB

tf-bot

Figure 1: Default Beam Copes

Important note: In some cases when you use auto select section lists and you compare the cope dimensions reported in the output with the cope dimensions calculated using the above-described method considering the current design sections for the beam and the girder, you may see different results. The reason for this is that the beam may have been designed before the girder, and thus the cope dimensions for the beam were calculated based on an older design section for the girder. This illustrates that the design is an iterative process. You must cycle through your design and analysis several times before you get final results. Also you should always run one final design check with all auto select section lists removed; that is, with actual beam sections assigned to all elements.

Shear Rupture Check

The program checks for shear rupture based on AISC-ASD89 Specification Section J4. The shear rupture check is only performed at the end of a beam if the top flange of the beam is coped at that end. Several assumptions are required for the program to perform this check. They include: 1. A single row of 7/8" diameter bolts is assumed. 2. The bolt spacing is assumed to be 3 inches.

Shear Rupture Check

dA - d + f-bot + 1/4"

dA
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3. Standard bolt holes are assumed. The diameter of the bolt hole is assumed to be 15/16". 4. The number of bolts assumed is based on the T dimension of the beam as shown in Table 1. For rolled sections, the T dimension, which is tabulated in the AISC manual, is equal to d -2k. For welded sections, the program assumes that the T dimension equals d - tf-top - tf-bot - 1 inch. where, d k = Beam depth, in. = Distance from outside face of rolled beam flange to toe of web fillet, in. = Thickness of beam bottom flange, in. = Thickness of beam top flange, in.

tf-bot tf-top

Table 1: Assumed Number of Bolts Based on Beam T Dimension

T Dimension Range T < 6.5" 6.5" T < 9.5" 9.5" T < 12.5" 12.5" T < 16.5" 16.5" T < 19.5" 19.5" T < 22.5" 22.5" T < 25.5" 25.5" T < 28.5" 28.5" T < 31.5" T 31.5 Assumed Number of Bolts Shear rupture not checked 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

5. The distance from the center of the top bolt hole to the top edge of the beam web (at the cope), lv, is 1.5 inches. 6. The distance from the center of any bolt hole to the end of the beam web, lh, is 1.5 inches.

Shear Rupture Check

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Beam Shear Checks

lv = 1.5"

Shear plane

Tension plane lh = 1.5"

Figure 2: Illustration of Shear Rupture Assumptions and Terms

7. The allowable shear rupture stress is calculated based on shear fracture along the shear plane and tension yield along the tension plane. See Figure 2 for an illustration of the assumptions in items 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7. The allowable beam shear (end reaction) based on shear rupture is calculated using Equation 5. Vall = 0.30 Fu Ans + 0.60 Fy Agt where, Agt = Gross area along the tension plane, in2. See Equation 6. = Net area along the shear plane, in2. See Equation 7. = Minimum specified tensile strength of structural steel, ksi. = Allowable shear at end of beam, kips. Eqn. 5

Ans

Fu

Vall

The gross area along the tension plane, Agt, is given by Equation 6. Agt = lh tw Shear Rupture Check Eqn. 6 Page 6 of 8

3 typ.

Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89

Beam Shear Checks

where, lh = The distance from the center of a bolt hole to the end of the beam web, in. The program assumes this distance to be 1.5 inches, as shown in Figure 2. = Beam web thickness, in.

tw

The net area along the shear plane, Ans, is given by Equation 7. Ans = [lv + 3(n - 1) - (15/16)(n - 0.5)] tw where, lv = The distance from the center of the top bolt hole to the top edge of the beam web (at the cope), in. The program assumes this distance to be 1.5 inches, as shown in Figure 2. = The number of bolts as determined from Table 1, unitless. = Beam web thickness, in. Eqn. 7

tw

If the allowable shear at the end of the beam, Vall, is less than the beam end reaction, the program prints a design warning message in the output.

Limitations of Shear Check

Following are some limitations of the program check for beam end shear in the Composite Beam Design postprocessor. 1. You cannot specify transverse web stiffeners. 2. No check is made for shear on the net section considering the bolt holes, except as noted in the following item 3. 3. The shear rupture (block shear) check specified in AISC-ASD89 Specification Section J4 is performed as described in the section above entitled "Shear Rupture Check." If the beam does not satisfy the shear rupture check, only a warning suggesting you should check shear rupture (block

Limitations of Shear Check

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Beam Shear Checks

shear) is issued in the output. The program does not fail the beam because it does not pass the shear rupture check. 4. Tension field action, as described in AISC-ASD89 specification Chapter G is not considered.

Limitations of Shear Check

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