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(x + 5) (x 5) = 0
Skills check
1
a
b
c
x = 5
3a 5 = a + 7
2a = 12
a=6
(x + 8) (x 6) = 0
x = 8 or x = 6
f
b(b + 3) + 3(b + 3) = 0
(b + 3)2 = 0
b = 3
2
x 2 3x + 2 = 0
x 2 x 2x + 2 = 0
x(x 1) 2(x 1) = 0
(x 1)(x 2) = 0
x = 1 or x = 2
a 2 + a 56 = 0
a 2 + 8a 7a 56 = 0
a(a + 8) 7(a + 8) = 0
(a + 8)(a 7) = 0
a = 8 or a = 7
m 2 11m + 30 = 0
m 2 5m 6m + 30 = 0
m(m 5) 6(m 5) = 0
(m 5) (m 6) = 0
m = 5 or m = 6
6x 2 + 5x 4 = 0
6x 2 + 8x 3x 4 = 0
2x(3x + 4) 1(3x + 4) = 0
(3x + 4)(2x 1) = 0
4
x = 3 or x =
b 2 + 6b + 9 = 0
b 2 + 3b + 3b + 9 = 0
( 2x + 3) ( x + 2 y )
Exercise 2A
+ 8x 6x 48 = 0
x(x + 8) 6(x + 8) = 0
3(n 4) = 5(n + 2)
3n 12 = 5n + 10
2n = 22
n = 11
5a 2 10a ab + 2b
5a ( a 2 ) b ( a 2 )
( 5a b ) ( a 2 )
e (n + 1)(n + 3)
f (2x 3)(x + 1)
g (m + 6)(m 6)
h (5x + 9y)( 5x 9y)
x 2 + 2x 48 = 0
x2
4 x 2 + 1 = 21
4x 2 = 20
x2 = 5
x = 5
2k(k 5)
7a(2a2 + 3a 7)
2 x 2 + 4 xy + 3 x + 6 y
2x ( x + 2 y ) + 3( x + 2 y )
x 2 25 = 0
1
2
5c 2 + 6c 8 = 0
5c 2 + 10c 4c 8 = 0
5c (c + 2) 4 (c + 2) = 0
(c + 2) (5c 4) = 0
4
c = 2 or c = 5
c
2h 2 3h 5 = 0
2h 2 5h + 2h 5 = 0
h(2h 5) + 1(2h 5) = 0
(h + 1) (2h 5) = 0
5
h = 1 or h = 2
d
4x 2 16x 9 = 0
4x 2 18x + 2x 9 = 0
2x(2x 9) + 1(2x 9) = 0
(2x + 1) (2x 9) = 0
x = 1 or x =
2
9
2
3t 2 + 14t + 8 = 0
3t 2 + 12t + 2t + 8 = 0
3t (t + 4) + 2(t + 4) = 0
(t + 4) (3t + 2) = 0
2
t = 4 or t = 3
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
WORKED SOLUTIONS
f
6x 2 + x 12 = 0
6x 2 + 9x 8x 12 = 0
3x(2x + 3) 2(2x + 3) = 0
(2x + 3) (3x 4) = 0
x = 3 or x = 3
2
Exercise 2B
1
x 2 + 2x 7 = 13 + x
x 2 + x 20 = 0
x 2 + 5x 4x 20 = 0
x(x + 5) 4(x + 5) = 0
(x + 5) (x 4) = 0
x = 5 or x = 4
2n 2 + 11n = 3n n2 4
3n 2 + 8n + 4 = 0
3n 2 + 6n + 2n + 4 = 0
3n(n+ 2) + 2(n + 2) = 0
(n + 2) (3n + 2) = 0
n = 2 or
2
n=3
3z 2 + 12z = z 2 9
4z 2 + 12z + 9 = 0
4z 2 + 6z + 6z + 9 = 0
2z(2z + 3) + 3(2z + 3) = 0
(2z + 3) (2z + 3) = 0
z =3
2a 50 = 21a
2a 2 21a 50 = 0
2a 2 25a + 4a 50 = 0
a(2a 25) + 2(2a 25) = 0
(a + 2) (2a 25) = 0
25
2
x 2 + 5x = 36
x 2 + 5x 36 = 0
x 2 + 9x 4x 36 = 0
x(x + 9) 4(x + 9) = 0
(x + 9) (x 4) = 0
x = 9 or x = 4
4x 2 2x = x + 1
4x 2 3x 1 = 0
4x 2 4x + x 1 = 0
4x(x 1) + 1(x 1) = 0
(4x + 1) (x 1) = 0
x
x 2 + 10x + 25 = 0 (x + 5) (x + 5) = (x + 5) 2 = 0
x = 5
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0 (x + 3) (x + 3) = (x + 3) 2 = 0
x = 3
x 2 + 14x + 49 = 0 (x + 7) (x + 7) = (x + 7) 2 = 0
x = 7
x 2 8x + 16 = 0 (x 4) (x 4) = (x 4) 2 = 0
x=4
x 2 18x + 81 = 0 (x 9) (x 9) = (x 9) 2 = 0
x=9
x 2 20x + 100 = 0 (x 10) (x 10)
= (x 10) 2 = 0
x = 10
a = 2 or a =
e
(x + 2) 2 + (5x 3) 2 = (4x + 1) 2
x 2 + 4x + 4 + 25x 2 30x + 9 = 16x 2 + 8x + 1
10x 2 34x + 12 = 0
2(5x 2 17x + 6) = 0
2(5x 15x 2x + 6) = 0
2(5x(x 3) 2(x 3) = 0
2(5x 2) (x 3) = 0
x=3
=1
4
or x = 1
x 2 x = 12
x 2 x 12 = 0
x 2 4x + 3x 12 = 0
x(x 4) + 3(x 4) = 0
(x + 3) (x 4) = 0
x = 3 or x = 4
Exercise 2C
1
x 2 + 8x + 16 = 3 + 16
(x + 4) 2 = 19
x + 4 = 19
x = 4 19
x 2 5x +
25
4
=3+
25
4
5 37
x =
2
4
x
x=
3
5
37
37
=
=
2
4
2
5 37
2
x 2 6x = 1
x 2 6x + 9 = 1 + 9
(x 3) 2 = 8
x 3 = 8 = 2 2
x =32 2
x 2 + 7x = 4
49
x 2 + 7x + 4 = 4 +
49
4
7
65
x + =
2
4
x+
7
2
x = 7
65
4
65
2
65
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
WORKED SOLUTIONS
5
x 2 2x = 6
x 2 2x + 1 = 6 + 1
(x 1) 2 = 7
x 1 = 7
1
4
1
13
=
2
4
x +
1
2
13
4
x=
1 13
2
13
2
1
2
1
25
27
50
x2 +
2
x
5
2
x
5
x 2 + 6x = 3
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 3 + 9
(x + 3) 2 = 12
x + 3 = 12 = 2 3
x = 3 2 3
x=
x 2x = 1
x 2 2x + 1 = 1 + 1
(x 1) 2 = 2
x 1 = 2
2
=2+
27
50
1
25
3 3
5 2
3 6
10
2 3 6
10
Exercise 2E
x 2 2x = 2
4 4 7
9 r
24
81 112
8
9 193
8
2
2 ( 2 ) 4 ( 3 ) ( 8 )
2 (3 )
2 10
=
6
= 2, 4
3
x=
x
5 ( x 2 2 x ) = 2
9 r
x=
x =1 2
3
=4
10 x 2 + 2 x = 5
x +5=
Exercise 2D
1
1 7
4 4
x2 +
x=
49
16
x2 + x = 3
x2 + x + 1 = 3 +
1
4
x = 2, 2
x =1 7
6
2 4 + 96
6
2 100
6
x 2 2x + 1 = 2 + 1
5
2
( x 1) = 35
x 1=
x2 + 3 x =
2
x2 + 3 x +
2
3
x
2
=5
5
4
9
16
x=
3 29
4
5
4
+ 16
29
16
r 29
4
4 =
1
49
16
2
6 ( 6 ) 4 (1)( 4 )
2 (1)
62 5
2
7
1
6 36 16
2
6 20
2
=3 5
( 1)2 4 (1) (3 )
2 (1)
=1
1 12 1 11
=
2
2
3x 2 + 10x 5 = 0
6 r 16
10
x 2 2 x + 16 = 3 + 16
36 20
10
x2 x + 3 = 0
x=
x2 2 x = 3
6 r
x 2 6x + 4 = 0
x =1
2 x 2 1 x = 6
2
6 4
10
1
1, 5
x=
3
4
x=
x=
3
29
=
4
16
x
6 r
x=
3
5
x =1
4 x 2
3
5
6 2 4 5 1
2 5
10
(10 ) 4 (3 ) ( 5 )
=
2 (3 )
2
10 r 4 10
6
10 100 + 60
6
10 160
6
5 r 2 10
3
2x 2 3x 1 = 0
( 3 )2 4 ( 2 ) ( 1) 3 9 + 8
=
2 (2)
4
x = 3
x = 3
17
4
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
WORKED SOLUTIONS
8
2x 2 9x 4 = 0
( 9 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 4 )
2 (2)
2
x = 9
x=9
9
9 81 + 32
4
113
t=
9 2 4 2 6
22
9 r
x=
9 129
4
9 r
81 48
4
(5 x 2)( x ) = ( x + 3)( x + 1)
b
x=
4 x 2 6x 3 = 0
x=
x=
x=
x =6
84
8
6 2 21
8
6 36 + 48
8
=3
21
Exercise 2F
Let the two numbers be x and y.
x + y = 50 y = 50 x
xy = 576 x (50 x) = 576
50x x 2 = 576 x 2 50x 2 + 576 = 0
(x 18)(x 32) = 0
The possible values for x are 18 and 32.
Since y = 50 x, the two numbers
are 18 and 32.
( 8 )2 4 (1) (16 )
2 (1)
2
12 ( 12 ) 4 ( 4 ) ( 9 )
2(4)
14 235.2
9.8
8 0
2
= 12
2
5 ( 5 ) 4 (1) ( 14 )
2 (1)
( 8 )2 4 (3 ) ( 2 )
2 (3 )
=8=4
2
(10 ) 4 ( 25 )(1)
=
2 ( 25 )
10
x =8
x=
= 12 =
10 0
50
5 81
2
=8
40
6
3
2
10
50
= 1
5
5 9
2
=82
10
4 10
3
x =3
x=
( 3 )2 4 ( 5 ) ( 4 )
2 (5)
2
3 ( 3 ) 4 (1) ( 6 )
2 (1)
=3
89
10
15
2
no solution
b
x=
2
4 ( 4 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 5 )
2 (2)
24
4
no solution
x = 7, 2
b
1
x = 8
5x 2 2 x = x 2 + 4 x + 3
2
6 ( 6 ) 4 ( 4 ) ( 3 )
2(4)
(14 ) 4 ( 4.9 )( 2 )
=
2 ( 4.9 )
10
14
6 2x 2 = 9x
2x 2 + 9x 6 = 0
x
h = 2 + 14t 4.9t 2
The ball hits the ground when h = 0.
0 = 2 + 14t 4.9t 2
x=
( 2 )2 4 ( 4 )(1)
2(4)
12
8
no solution
Exercise 2G
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
= 52 4(1)(3) = 37
two different real roots
= 42 4(2)(1) = 8
two different real roots
= (1)2 4(4)(5) = 79
no real roots
= (8)2 4(1)(16) = 0
two equal real roots
= (3)2 4(1)(8) = 23
no real roots
= (20)2 4(12)(25) = 800
no real roots
42 4(1)( p) > 0
16 > 4p
p<4
52 4( p)(2) > 0
25 > 8p
p < 25
8
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
WORKED SOLUTIONS
c
p2 4( 1)(8) > 0
p2 > 32 p < 32 or p > 32, so
p > 32
= (3)2 4(1)(5) = 29
p >4 2
d
p >
3
102 4( 1)(k) = 0
100 = 4k
k = 25
= (6)2 4(3)(4) = 12
y
(3)2 4( 2)(k) = 0
9 = 8k
9
k=8
c
(2k)2 4( 3)(5) = 0
4k 2 = 60
k 2 = 15
k = 15
0
c
= (2)2 4(1)(7) = 24
(4k)2 4( 1)(3k) = 0
16k 2 + 12k) = 0
4k(4k + 3) = 0
k = 0, 4
4
= (3)2 4(4)(5) = 71
y
16
3
0
e
= (6)2 4(1)(9) = 0
y
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
WORKED SOLUTIONS
f
= (4)2 4(2)(2) = 0
0 (0, 6)
(5, 31)
= (5)2 4(1)(2) = 33
b
(0, 2)
0
x
(2.5, 4.25)
= (7)2 4(1)(3) = 37
x
(1, 4)
0
Exercise 2H
1
8
2 (1)
x=
x = 2 (1) = 3; (0, 3)
x = 2 ( 5) = 1; (0, 6)
x=
vertex (7, 2)
y = (x 7)2 2 = x2 14x + 47 y-intercept
(0, 47)
vertex (5, 1)
y = (x + 5)2 + 1 = x2 + 10x + 26 y-intercept
(0, 26)
vertex (1, 6)
y = 4(x 1)2 + 6 = 4x2 8x + 10 y-intercept
(0, 10)
vertex (2, 7)
y = 3(x + 2)2 7 = 3x2 + 12x + 5
= 4 ; (0, 5)
(2, 5)
10
10
2 ( 3 )
10
6
= 3 ; (0, 9)
(0, 3)
y-intercept (0, 5)
Exercise 2I
1
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
WORKED SOLUTIONS
y = (x 8)(x + 1)
(2, 0)
(8, 0)
0
(8, 0)
x
(1, 0)
0
x
(0, 16)
(0, 8)
(3, 25)
y = (x + 8)(x 2)
y = x 2 + 6x 16 = (x 2 + 6x + 9) 16 9
= (x + 3)2 25
y = (x 2 + 4x 21) = (x + 7)(x 3)
y = x 2 4x + 21 = (x 2 + 4x + 4) + 21 + 4
= (x + 2)2 + 25
y = (x 3)(x 5)
y
(2, 25)
y
(0, 21)
(0, 15)
(7, 0)
(3, 0)
0
(5, 0)
y = (x 2 7x + 6)
2
= 0.5(x 1)(x 6)
y = 0.5x 2 + 3.5x 3
= 0.5(x 2 7x + 12.25) 3 + 6.125
= 0.5(x 3.5) 2 + 3.125
y
(0, 5)
(3.5, 3.125)
(1, 0)
(2.5, 0)
x
y = 2x 2 + 5x 2x + 5
= x(2x + 5) + 1 (2x + 5)
= (x + 1) (2x + 5)
= 2 (x + 1) (x 2.5)
(1, 0)
(3, 0)
0
(6, 0)
x
(0, 3)
y = 5x 2 + 10x 4x 8
= 5x (x + 2) 4 (x + 2)
= (5x 4) (x + 2)
= 5(x 0.8) (x + 2)
y
(0, 8)
(0.8, 0)
(2, 0)
0
(0.5, 0)
0
(0, 8)
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
(4, 0)
x
(2.25, 12.25)
WORKED SOLUTIONS
4
and a ii
f (x) = 2x 2 12x = 2x(x 6)
function crosses x-axis at 0 and 6
a
x=
a
b
c
d
12
2( 2 )
= 12 = 3
y = a(x 0.5) 2
3 = a(1 0.5) 2 0.25a = 3 a = 12
y = 12(x 0.5) 2 = 12x 2 12x + 3
Exercise 2K
also be found by
writing the equation
in turning-point
form.
(1.53, 14.48)
( f g)(x) = (x 2)2 + 3
(2, 3)
h (x) = ((x 2) 5)2 + 3 2 = (x 7)2 + 1
= x2 14x + 50
(0, 50)
y = a(x 2)2 + 1
5 = a(0 2)2 + 1 4a = 4 a = 1
y = 1(x 2)2 + 1 = x 2 4x + 5
y = a(x + 2)(x 6)
12 = a(0 + 2)(0 6) 12a = 12 a = 1
y = 1(x + 2)(x 6) = x 2 4x 12
y = a(x + 1) 2 + 8
5 = a(0 + 1) 2 + 8 a = 3
y = 3(x + 1) 2 + 8 = 3x 2 6x + 5
y = a(x + 1)(x 6)
5 = a(4 + 1)(4 6) 10a = 5 a =
252 = 32x x 2
x 2 32x + 252 = 0
(x 14)(x 18) = 0
14 cm, 18 cm
1
2
y
100
80
60
12 = 15t 4.9t 2 + 3
4.9t 2 15t + 9 = 0
t 0.663, 2.398
approximately 1.74 seconds.
1
1
5
y = 2 ( x + 1)( x 6 ) = 2 x 2 2 x 3
Exercise 2J
40
(5, 50)
20
2 0
20
10 x
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
WORKED SOLUTIONS
5
l = 3w 5
lw = (3w 5)w = 3w 2 5w = 782
3w 2 5w 782 = 0
w = 17
17 m, 46 m
Review exercise
1
x + 2 = 16 = 4
x = 2 4
x = 6, 2
(x 8)2 = 0
x=8
3x 2 + 7x 3x 7 = 0
x (3x + 7) 1(3x + 7) = 0
(x 1) (3x + 7) = 0
x = 7, 1
Let x = AB.
Then PB = AB PB
=x1
AB
BC
=
Since
,
AD
PB
(x 3)(x 4) = 0
x = 3, 4
x 2 + 2x = 12
x 2 + 2x + 1 = 12 + 1
(x + 1)2 = 13
x + 1 = 13
x = 1 13
x
1
=
1
x 1
x2 x 1 = 0
x=
8
1+ 5
2
f
2
(3.75, 28.125)
20
10
2 0
10
10 x
140
+ x + 10 = 8
360 +
140 x
x + 10
x=
3
2
5, 1
10 = a(0 + 5)(0 1)
10 = 5a
a = 2
(3, 6)
2 = a(1 + 3)2 6
8 = 16a
1
a=2
10
a
b
= 8x
4.8x 4.8 = x 2 2x
x 2 6.8x + 4.8 = 0
x=6
It takes John 6 hours to clean the house.
= 7
4
f (x) = (x + 4) (x 1)
4, 1
(7 )2 4 (3 )(3 )
2 (3 )
x = 7
3
2 (1)
13
6
3
2
2
1
f ( x ) = 2 ( x + 3) 6
2
1
f ( 3 ) = 2 ( 3 + 3 ) 6 = 18 6
f (3) = 12
5 (2k)2 4(1)(3) = 0
4k 2 = 12
k2 = 3
k = 3
6
f (x) = 2(x 2 + 6x + 9) + 5 18
f (x) = 2(x + 3) 2 13
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
WORKED SOLUTIONS
7
y = a(x + 4) (x 6)
12 = a(2 + 4)(2 6)
12 = 24a
1
a=2
20 = 15t + 20 4.9t2
4.9t2 15t = 0
t = 0, t 3.06
3.06 s
y = 1 ( x + 4 )( x 6 ) = 1 x 2 x 12
2
2
Review exercise
1
x = 0.907, 2.57
2x 2 + 8x 3 = 0
x = 4.35, 0.345
equations may be
solved using polynomial
x = (2x 1)(x + 3)
x = 2x 2 + 5x 3
2x 2 + 4x 3 = 0
x = 2.58, 0.581
l = 3w + 5
lw = (3w + 5)w = 3w 2 + 5w = 1428
3w 2 + 5w 1428 = 0
w = 21, l = 68
equation solver on
completing the square
or the quadratic
formula.
1 + x + 2 = 5x
x + 2 + x = 5x 2 + 10x
5x 2 + 8x 2 = 0
x = 1.82, 0.220
Initially, t = 0, so
h(0) = 15(0) + 20 4.9(0)2 = 20
20 m
5 x
distance
,
speed
120 =
(1.53, 31.48)
20
2 1 0
10
Since time =
120
x + 20
+ 0 .5
120 x
x + 20
+ 0 .5 x
31.5 m
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
10