Future Tense

The future tense is used to tell what "will" happen, or what "shall" happen. I will go to the beach next month. I shall write the letter next week. But, the future tense is not used to express a willingness to do something. For this, use the verb "querer." Quieres ir a la tienda? Will you go to the store? For actions that will occur in the near future, the present tense is more commonly used. Esta noche voy al cine. Tonight I'm going to the movies. Further in the future, use the future tense. El ao que viene ir a Espaa. Next year I'm going to Spain. Regular verbs in the future tense are conjugated by adding the following endings to the infinitive form of the verb: -, -s, -, -emos, -is, -n.

hablar hablars hablar hablaremos hablaris hablarn

There are twelve common verbs that are irregular in the future tense. Their endings are regular, but their stems change. Since the endings are the same as all other future tense verbs, we show only the "yo" form, and have put the irregular stem in bold. We have also grouped them according to their patterns of change.

Caber: to fit Poner: to put Decir Haber Salir Hacer Poder Tener Querer Saber

Yo Cabr Yo pondr Yo dire Yo habr Yo saldr Yo har Yo podr Yo tender Yo querr Yo sabr

The Future Perfect

As with the other perfect tenses, the future perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "haber" with the past participle. In this case, "haber" is conjugated in the future tense. habr habrs habr habremos habris habrn The future perfect tense is used to describe what will have happened in the future before a different action takes place, or by a specific time. Remember, some past participles are irregular. Also remember that the past participle never changes form in the perfect tenses. The past participle will be important in future lessons covering the perfect tenses. To form the past participle, simply drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado (for -ar verbs) or -ido (for -er, -ir verbs). The auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. To make the sentence negative, add the word "no" before the conjugated form of haber.
(yo) No habr comido. I will not have eaten. (t) No habrs ledo el libro. You will not have read the book.

Object pronouns are placed immediately before the auxiliary verb.

Pablo le habr dado un regalo a su esposa. Pablo will have given a gift to his wife.

With reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun is placed immediatedly before the auxiliary verb. Compare how the present perfect differs from the simple present, when a reflexive verb is used.
Me lavo las manos. (present) I wash my hands.

The Conditional Tense

Frequently, the conditional is used to express probability, possibility, wonder or conjecture, and is usually translated as would, could, must have or probably. The student said that he would study one more hour. (probability, possibility) What time could it have been? (wonder, conjecture) He must have been at home. (wonder, conjecture) We were probably busy when you called. (probability, possibility) Note: when "would" is used in the sense of a repeated action in the past, the imperfect is used. To conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs in the conditional, simply add one of the following to the infintive:
a as a amos ais an
caber yo cabra haber yo habra poner yo pondra salir yo saldra tener yo tendra valer yo valdra venir yo vendra decir yo dira hacer yo hara

The same twelve common verbs that are irregular in the future poder tense are also irregular in the conditional tense. Their endings yo podra are regular, but their stems change in the same way they change in the future tense. Because the endings are the same querer yo querra as all other conditional tense verbs, we show only the "yo" form, and have made the irregular stem bold. We have also saber grouped them according to their patterns of change. yo sabra There are several specific uses of the conditional: o To express speculation about the past: o To express the future from the perspective of the past: o To express hypothetical actions or events which may or may not occur: o To indicate what would happen were it not for some certain specific circumstance: o For polite use to soften requests o To ask for advice: o For reported speech: o To express what would be done in a particular situation: o To express an action which is contrary to fact:

Conditional Perfect

The conditional perfect (el condicional anterior) is a combination of the past participle and the conditional of the verb haber. The conditional perfect describes an action in the past that "would have" happened but did not due to some other event. It can also be used to express probability of an action that has already been completed. There are three other perfect tenses in the indicative: present perfect, past perfect, pretrit perfect, and future perfect. The conditional perfect is formed by combining haber (conjugated to the conditional) with the past participle. Notice that tener is not used even though it means "to have." Conditional Perfect Formula: conditional haber + past participle

Irregular Conditional Haber: Haber is irregular in the conditional. It loses the e in the infinitive ending before adding the future endings. (habra, habras, etc.) Conditional Perfect Uses: Actions that would have happened but did not due to another event or circumstance

Yo habra comprado los regalos pero no tena tiempo. (I would have bought the gifts, but I didnt have time.) l habra ledo el libro pero el telfono so. (He would have finished the book, but the telephone rang.) Nosotros habramos cenado en ese restaurante si hubiera sabido. (We would have eaten at that restaurant if I had known.)

Probability of an action that has already been completed

Habra comido antes de salir. (He had probably already eaten before leaving.) Habran sido las ocho cuando llegamos. (It must have been eight oclock when we arrived.)