1.

A
[1]

2.

Increased CO2 triggers increased heart rate (chemoreceptors) The working muscles require more oxygen, The blood carries oxygen and needs to be pumped around quicker.
[1]

3.

D
[1]

I 4.

Two marks, one mark for each correct response Feel better about yourself/self esteem/confident/motivated Feel better about the way you look Can better cope with stress More likely to be healthy/fitter/stronger/more supple/less prone to injury Body systems work better (2 marks available if 2 different organs referred to)
[2]

5.

One mark for each of two ways from: 1 2 3 4 By strengthening the connective tissue thus preventing hyperextension of joints By strengthening muscle thus protecting the joint By keeping to a varied exercise programme By exercising regularly but within the capabilities of the young person.
[2]

Clayesmore School

6.

One mark for a correct effect from: 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 Lower (resting) heart rate stroke volume and cardiac output Higher/better lung/tidal volumes. To prevent heart problems/disease To be able to keep going/maintain exercise To recover quicker Be able to exercise without risk of health problems To avoid lung disease/problems.
[2]

One mark for a correct description from:

7.

One mark for each of three benefits from: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Feel better about yourself - self esteem, confident Feel better about the way you look Feel better within yourself, be more active Can better cope with stress More likely to be healthy/fitter/stronger/more supple etc Body systems work better.
[3]

Clayesmore School

8.

Three marks. One mark for each correct response. Increased heart rate/pulse rate. Increase in stroke volume. Increase in cardiac output. Increase in gaseous exchange. More blood/oxygen to working muscles/body. Blood is shunted from inactive tissues to working muscles/vasodilation/vascular shunt. Increase blood pressure. Increase in muscle metabolism/breakdown of glycogen. Greater amounts of carbon dioxide produced. Decrease in blood pH. Increase in minute ventilation. Increase in breathing rate. Increase in tidal volume/deeper/heavier breathing/out of breath. Increase production of lactic acid. Tiredness (of muscular system). Increased blood supply to the skin/go red. Increase in temperature. Sweating/loss of water. Decrease in blood viscosity/blood thins.
[3]

Clayesmore School

9.

4 marks max for 4 correct responses. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Increase breathing (rate) (1) Increase tidal volume/increase in volume of air either inspired or expired per breath/increase in depth of breathing/increase in minute ventilation (1) Increase in oxygen debt (1) Increase in muscle/body temperature/increase in flexibility/elasticity (1) Increase in delivery of nutrients/O2/removal of waste/CO2/increase gaseous exchange/increase VO2/O2 uptake (1) Higher pulse rate/heart rate (1) Increase in stroke volume (1) Increase in cardiac output (1) Increase in circulation/blood flow (1) Muscle tiredness/increase in lactic acid/strain/cramp (1) Sweating/dehydration (1) Increase adrenaline/hormone release/action (1) (1) Vascular shunt/shunting/redirecting of blood to muscles (away from organs)/vasodilation/go red (1) Increase in enzyme activity (1) Increase force/speed of muscle contractions (1)
[4]

Clayesmore School

10.

Five marks max. One mark for each correct response 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 et goals Encourage/praise/motivate Educate about the benefits of the programme Join others/friends to do the programme/join a club Show others who have stuck to it and benefitted/role models Show previous success/recognition of past success/recognising success Give reward for progress/extrinsic reward Give goals that are specific/short term goals/a little at a time Measure/record their progress/let them know how they are doing Make goals achievable/realistic/within their reach/dont be too ambitious Ensure there is time available/good time management Make the activity/healthy eating enjoyable/exciting/their favourite activities/foods/vary the activities/foods Show negative consequences of not following the programme Punish by withdrawal of privileges
[5]

If just SMART words identified then 3 marks max.

11.

6 marks max for 6 correct responses. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Makes them stronger/more powerful (1) Larger muscle (fibres)/hypertrophy/more muscle fibres/enlarging of slow twitch fibres (1) (1) Can go on for longer/more endurance/tire less easily/quicker recovery (1) More tolerant to lactic acid/more efficient at getting rid of waste (1) More/greater size of mitochondria (1) Increase in myoglobin (1) Higher O2 uptake (1) Makes their contractions faster/they work faster/increase in speed (1) Less likely to be injured/more resilient to damage/more elastic (1) More energy available/increase in glycogen stores (1) Increase in ATP/PC (1) More lean muscle/less fat if exercised/toned (1) (1) More capillaries/increase in blood supply (1)
[6]

Clayesmore School