TRANSFER OF POWER BETWEEN ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION NETWORKS USING VFT

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

P.BALAJI (Reg.No: 4470930002)

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN POWER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

VINAYAKA MISSIONS KIRUPANANDA VARIYAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY SALEM - 636 308

JUNE 2012

VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY: SALEM 636 308

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report titled TRANSFER OF POWER BETWEEN ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION NETWORKS USING VFT is the bonafide work of P.BALAJI (REG.NO.4470930002) who carried out the project work under our supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

SIGNATURE

SIGNATURE

Dr.S.SUMATHI, B.E., M.E., PhD., HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engg. V.M.K.V.Engineering College Salem 636 308

Mr.MATHAN KUMAR, B.E., M.E., ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engg V.M.K.V.Engineering College Salem 636 308

Submitted for the University Examination held on _____________ JUNE 2012

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

INTERNAL EXAMINER

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A project of this nature needs co-operation and support from many for successful completion. In this regard, we are fortunate to express my heartfelt thanks to Dr. A.SHANMUGASUNDRAM ., PRESIDENT, VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY educational institution for establishing this esteemed this technical institution and providing opportunity to undergoes this course. I take the privilege in expressing our sincere thanks to

Dr.Datto.S.SARAVANAN,

Vice-Chairman,

VINAYAKA

MISSIONS

UNIVERSITY , Salem for granting permission to undergoes this course. With profound gratitude and pride, we express our heartful thanks to

Dr.A.NAGAPPAN, B.E., M.S., Ph.D., and Principal, VINAYAKA MISSIONS KIRUPANANDA VARIYAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, for his enthusiastic encouragement and for granting permission to undertake the project
It is with great pleasure that we extended our sincere thanks

Dr. M. Y. SANAVULLAH, B.E., M.Sc (Engg)., Ph.D,. Dean, School of electrical Sciences, for his valuable advice and encouragement. I profoundly grateful to Dr. S. SUMATHI, B.E., M.E., Ph.D., Professor and Head, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for his consistent encouragement and facilitating the project work. I proudly thankful to Mr. S. MATHAN KUMAR, B.E., M.E., Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, our project guides for his valuable support of the guidance throughout all semesters and suggestions to the improvement of our project work . I express my heart full gratitude to Mr.G.RAMAKRISHNA PRABU, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering our project coordinator, who gave valuable suggestions for this project work. I wish to express our sincere thanks to our parents, friends, faculty members and Non- teaching staffs, who have helped and encouraged our during the period of this project work.

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ABSTRACT
A variable frequency transformer is used to transmit electricity between two (asynchronous or synchronous) alternating current domains. The VFT is a relatively recent development (first deployed in 2004). Most asynchronous grid inter-ties use high-voltage direct current converters, while synchronous grid inter-ties are connected by lines & "ordinary" transformers, but without the ability to control power flow between the systems. A variable frequency transformer is a doubly fed electric machine resembling a vertical shaft hydroelectric generator with a three-phase wound rotor, connected by slip rings to one external power circuit. A direct-current torque motor is mounted on the same shaft. Changing the direction of torque applied to the shaft changes the direction of power flow; with no applied torque, the shaft rotates due to the difference in frequency between the networks connected to the rotor and stator. The variable frequency transformer behaves as a continuously adjustable phaseshifting transformer. It allows control of the power flow between two networks. Unlike power electronics solutions such as back-to-back HVDC, the variable frequency transformer does not demand harmonic filters and reactive power compensation. Limitations of the concept are the current-carrying capacity of the slip rings for the rotor winding. Variable frequency transformers provide transmission solutions for a smarter grid, enabling transmission system operators to control power flows between power grids with high reliability, speed and efficiency, while offering flexibility in how utilities provide power to meet customers demand. The VFT system is based on a combination of hydro generator and transformer technologies. It consists of a rotary transformer for continuously controllable phase shift, together with a drive system and control that adjust the angle and speed of the rotary transformer to regulate the power flow through the VFT. The VFT system provides a means to control power between two grids. The grids need not be synchronous. A common situation is where two grids of the same nominal frequency cannot economically be directly connected with AC lines. The VFT allows controlled power exchange between the grids, while retaining many of the inherent virtues of an AC interconnection. The simple design of the VFT components, based on established and widely used rotating machinery, ensures its long-term maintainability.

In this project, a simulated model of VFT is used as a controllable bidirectional power transmission device that can transfer power in-between power system networks. A digital simulation model of VFT and its control system models are developed with MATLAB and a series of studies on power transmission between power systems networks are carried out with this model. The response characteristics of power transfer under various torque conditions are discussed. The voltage, current, torque and speed plots are also obtained. Thus, the VFT concept and its advantages are verified by simulation results. It has distinct advantages in terms of controllability over conventional phase angle regulating transformers and does not inherently produce harmonics in case of many HVDC and FACTS technologies.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATION INTRODUCTION 1.1 Prologue 1.2 Scope and Objective 1.3 Highlight of Work 2 3 LITERATURE REVIEW EXISTING METHOD AND PROPOSED METHOD 3.1 Conventional Method 3.2 Proposed Method 4 WORKING AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT 4.1 General Concept of VFT 4.2 General VFT Working Concept 4.3 VFT Operation 4.3a. Governor 4.3.1 VFT Control and Protection System 4.3.2 VFT Model for System Planning Studies 4.3.3 VFT Model for Dynamic Response 4.3.4 Dynamic Response 5 DIGITAL SIMULATION OF VFT 5.1. Simulation Model with Constant Block 5.2. Simulation Model with Discrete Fourier Block 5.3 Waveforms for Different Values of Torque Using Discrete Fourier Block Simulation Model 6 7 CONCLUSION REFERENCE PAGE NO. iii iv vi vii viii ix 1 1 2 2 3 5 4 7 8 8 8 10 11 11 13 14 16 17 17 19 21 31 32

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LIST OF FIGURES
FIG NO. 3.1 3.1a 3.1b 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.31 4.32 4.32a 4.33 4.34 5.1 5.1a 5.2 5.3a1 5.3a2 5.3b 5.3c 5.3d 5.3e 5.3f 5.3g 5.3h 5.3i 5.4a 5.4b 5.4c 5.4d 5.4e 5.4f 5.4g 5.4h 5.4i FIGURE NAME AC Transmission Connection Single line diagram for HVDC link HVDC asynchronous tie single line diagram Single line diagram of VFT Core components of VFT VFT model working representation Power transmission from power system #1 to power system #2 using VFT VFT control and protection system VFT power circuit model for short circuit and power flow analysis VFT response to fault in AC network VFT model for dynamic simulation VFT step response MATLAB simulation model with constant block The power flow with the applied torque MATLAB simulation model with discrete Fourier block Voltage and current wave forms of stator and rotor of VFT for Td=0Nm Waveforms showing torque, speed and power transfer capability for Td=0Nm Waveforms showing torque, speed and power transfer capability for Td=1Nm Waveforms showing torque, speed and power transfer capability for Td=2Nm Waveforms showing torque, speed and power transfer capability for Td=3Nm Waveforms showing torque, speed and power transfer capability for Td=4Nm Waveforms showing torque, speed and power transfer capability for Td=5Nm Waveforms showing torque, speed and power transfer capability for Td= -1Nm Waveforms showing torque, speed and power transfer capability for Td= -2Nm Waveforms showing torque, speed and power transfer capability for Td= -3Nm Modelling and simulation of VFT for power transfer between power system Simulation model: Motor drive system Simulation model: sub system Simulated voltage and current wave form set point 4 Rotor speed curve Rotor voltage and current waveform Simulated voltage and current wave form set point 2 Rotor speed curve Rotor voltage and current waveform viii PAGE NO. 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30

LIST OF TABLES
Table No. 4.3.3 5.1 5.2 TABLE NAME Typical VFT data for preliminary studies Matlab Simulation Results For VFT Power Flow from Power system#1 to Power system#2(not zero) Matlab Simulation Results For VFT Power Flow from Power system#1 to Power system#2 Page NO. 15 18 18

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LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
AC HVDC VFT MATLAB SCADA IED UVC MVC HMI WRIM DC Alternate Current High Voltage Direct Current Variable Frequency Transformer Mathmatic Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Intelligent Electronic Dvices Unit VFT control Main VFT control Human Machine Interface Wound Rotor Induction Machine Direct current