PROJECT in English

Renvi-Anne Rait and Rey Cabuguason III-Chico Ms.Jay-Ann Mendoza

PROSE

POETRY

B. Poetry Forms of Poetry 1. Drama - A drama that is written in the form of verses to be recited or sung refers to the dramatic genre of poetry. This form of poetry has evolved from Greek and Sanskrit literature. Example: Shakespeare Forms of Drama a. Tragedy - was the earliest form of drama created by the ancient Greeks during the sixth century BC. The word tragedy literally means "goat song," probably referring to the practice of giving a goat as a sacrifice or a prize at the religious festivals in honor of the god Dionysos, whose mythical companions were satyrs (half-man, half-goat). Soon tragedy came to signify a dramatic presentation of high seriousness and noble character which examines the major questions of human existence: why are we here? what is the supreme good? how can we know the will of the gods? why must we die? In tragedy people are tested by great suffering and must face decisions of ultimate consequence. Example: Antony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Hamlet Julius Caesar King Lear Macbeth Othello Romeo and Juliet Timon of Athens Titus Andronicus Troilus and Cressida b. Comedy - According to Horace Walpole, "Life is a comedy to those who think, a tragedy to those who feel." This statement suggests that our view of life depends on our relationship to the events observed. If we identify closely with the plight of the characters, we put ourselves in their place and vicariously share in their sufferings. If, however, we are emotionally removed from the situation and experience their calamities at a psychological distance, we may laugh at circumstances that otherwise would be seen as tragic. For instance, violence in comedy may provoke laughter, for people rarely suffer permanent damage from blows to the head, falling down stairs, crashing automobiles, or explosions. Example: All's Well That Ends Well As You Like It The Comedy of Errors Cymbeline Love's Labour's Lost Measure for Measure The Merchant of Venice The Merry Wives of Windsor A Midsummer Night's Dream Much Ado About Nothing Pericles, Prince of Tyre The Taming of the Shrew The Tempest Twelfth Night The Two Gentlemen of Verona The Two Noble Kinsmen The Winter's Tale 2. Poem Kinds Poems a. Balled - The first ballads appeared in the 15th century telling a story. They were often in the form of popular songs and have simple rhyme schemes and regular rhythm. They are iambic and some have a chorus or refrain. Popular rhyme schemes are a b c b; and a b c b d b. Some famous ballads are The Man From Snowy River by A.B. (Banjo) Patterson); The Walrus and the Carpenter by Lewis Caroll; and The Rime of The Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In Australia the 'Bush' ballad is still popular. No matter what the country, the folk ballad is quite often the earliest form of literature and was orally passed down through generations.

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Example: Spring forth between her lips, one whom no sense Concrete Poem - A concrete poem is a poem that forms a picture of the topic or follows the contours of a shape that is suggested by the topic. These can be used effectively with reports in science or social studies. For example, my students have used them in catastrophe reports. Their poems were about a tornado, a hurricane, a flood, and an earthquake. Example: A Gentle Breeze Narrative Poem - is one that tells a story. It follows a similar structure as that for a short story or novel. There is a beginning, a middle and an end, as well as the usual literary devices such as character and plot. A narrative poem can take the form of rhyming couplets, or it can go more in the direction of prose poetry, in that the rhyme scheme is flexible. There are many variations on the theme of the narrative poem. Example: The Highwayman - by Alfred Noyes Elegy - is a sad and thoughtful poem lamenting the death of a person. An example of this type of poem is Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard." Example: In Memory of W.B. Yeats by W.H. Auden Lyric poem - consists of a poem, such as a sonnet or an ode, that expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet. The term lyric is now commonly referred to as the words to a song. Lyric poetry does not tell a story which portrays characters and actions. The lyric poet addresses the reader directly, portraying his or her own feeling, state of mind, and perceptions. Example: Dying (aka I heard a fly buzz when I died )by Emily Dickinson Sonnet - English (or Shakespearean) sonnets are lyric poems that are 14 lines long falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet. Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnets are divided into two quatrains and a six-line sestet. Example: O thou my lovely boy by William Shakespeare Acrostic - is very easy to write. It can be about any subject. This kind of poem can be written in different ways, but the simplest form is to put the letters that spell your subject down the side of your page. When you have done this then you go back to each letter and think of a word , phrase or sentence that starts with that letter and describes your subject. The following poems are examples of acrostic poems written in this format. The students used AppleWorks to compose their poems. Example: Hymn I, Of Astraea by Sir John Davies (1599) Haiku - poems date from 9th century Japan to the present day. Haiku is more than a type of poem; it is a way of looking at the physical world and seeing something deeper, like the very nature of existence. Example: Basho Matsuo Satire - is used in many works of literature to show foolishness or vice in humans, organizations, or even governments - it uses sarcasm, ridicule, or irony. Example: satire is often used to effect political or social change, or to prevent it. Dolyphonic Verses or Free Verses - is a form of Poetry composed of either rhymed or unrhymed lines that have no set fixed metrical pattern. The early 20th-century poets were the first to write what they called "free verse" which allowed them to break

from the formula and rigidity of traditional poetry. The poetry of Walt Whitman provides many illustrations of Free Verse including his poem "Song of Myself". Example: Song of Myself by Walt Whitman k. Limerick - are short sometimes bawdy, humorous poems of consisting of five Anapaestic lines. Lines 1, 2, and 5 of a Limerick have seven to ten syllables and rhyme with one another. Lines 3 and 4 have five to seven syllables and also rhyme with each other. Edward Lear is famous for his Book of Nonsense which included the poetry form of Limericks. Example: Limerick from the Book of Nonsense by Edward Lear l. Epic - are long, serious poems that tells the story of a heroic figure. Some of the most famous epic poems are the Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer and the epic poem of The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ( 1807 - 1882 ) . Example: Hiawatha's Departure from The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

3. Song Kinds of Songs a. Hymn - Song used in Christian worship, usually sung by the congregation and written in stanzas with rhyme and metre. The term comes from the Greek hymnos (song of praise), but songs in honour of God or the gods exist in all civilizations. Example: Glory, glory to the Father b. Psalm - A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God. Example: The LORD Is My Light and My Salvation