malik (sam5758) fsemAPCh5 Gases lachman (123AP) 1

This print-out should have 30 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page nd all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
A guy who makes neon signs needs to make
sure that the neon pressure in the tube is
about 3658 Pascals. What would this pressure
be in atmospheres? (101325 Pascals = 1 atm)
Correct answer: 0.0361017 atm.
Explanation:
P = 3658 Pascals
? atm = 3658 Pascals

1 atm
1.01325 10
5
Pascals
= 0.0361017 atm
002 10.0 points
A sample of a gas occupies 3529 milliliters at
20.0

C and 3507 torr. What volume would it

occupy at the same temperature and 383 torr?
Correct answer: 32313.8 mL.
Explanation:
P
1
= 3507 torr P
2
= 383 torr
V
1
= 3529 mL
Applying Boyles Law,
P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
V
2
=
P
1
V
1
P
2
=
(3507 torr) (3529 mL)
383 torr
= 32313.8 mL
003 10.0 points
A 1.50 liter tank lled with helium at 125 atm
is used to ll balloons. The pressure in each
balloon is 950 torr and the volume of each
balloon is 1.20 liters. How many balloons can
be lled?
Correct answer: 125 balloons.
Explanation:
V
1
= 1.5 L V
2
= 1.2 L
P
1
= 125 atm
P
2
= 950 torr
1 atm
760 torr
= 1.25 atm
Let n = number of balloons and modify
Boyles Law:
V
1
P
1
= nV
2
P
2
n =
V
1
P
1
V
2
P
2
=
(1.5 L) (125 atm)
(1.2 L) (1.25 atm)
= 125 ballons
004 10.0 points
A sample of a gas occupies 1880 mL at
31.5

C and 740 torr. What volume would it

occupy at the same pressure and 193

C?
Correct answer: 3627.7 mL.
Explanation:
T
1
= 31.5

C + 273 = 241.5 KV
1
= 1880 mL
T
2
= 193

C + 273 = 466 K
Charles law relates the volume and abso-
lute (Kelvin) temperature of a sample of gas:
V
1
T
1
=
V
2
T
2
V
2
=
V
1
T
2
T
1
=
(1880 mL) (466 K)
241.5 K
= 3627.7 mL
005 10.0 points
A sample of a gas occupies 1483 mL at 419

C
and 740 torr. At what temperature would
it occupy 1252.2 mL if the pressure is kept
constant?
Correct answer: 311.304

C.
Explanation:
V
1
= 1483 mL V
2
= 1252.2 mL
T
1
= 419

C + 273 = 692 K
Charless law relates the volume and ab-
solute (Kelvin) temperature of a sample of
gas:
V
1
T
1
=
V
2
T
2
T
2
=
V
2
T
1
V
1
=
(1252.2 mL) (692 K)
1483 mL
= 584.304 K
malik (sam5758) fsemAPCh5 Gases lachman (123AP) 2
In centigrade,
T
2
= 584.304 K273 = 311.304

C.
006 10.0 points
For a certain ideal gas, the temperature is
increased from 200 K to 702 K allowing pres-
sure, which is initially 1 atm, to vary while
the volume and number of moles of gas are
held constant. What is the new pressure?
Correct answer: 3.51 atm.
Explanation:
T
1
= 200 K T
2
= 702 K
P
1
= 1 atm
P
1
T
1
=
P
2
T
2
P
2
=
P
1
T
2
T
1
=
(1 atm) (702 K)
200 K
= 3.51 atm
007 10.0 points
Helium is used to inate football-shaped bal-
loons that will be released in Memorial sta-
dium for the opening game of the football
season. One 2.00 liter balloon pressurized
to 2.00 atm will oat nicely on a hot day
(35.0

C). Unfortunately, a cold front moves

through on opening day, and the temperature
dips to 15.0

C! The balloons look like PICK-

LES instead of footballs. What is the new
volume of each balloon?
Correct answer: 1.87 liters.
Explanation:
T
1
= 35

C + 273 = 308 K P
1
= 1 atm
T
2
= 15

C + 273 = 288 K P
2
= 1 atm
V
1
= 2.0 L
Outside pressure remains constant at 1
atm, so
V
1
T
1
=
V
2
T
2
V
2
=
V
1
T
2
T
1
=
(2 L) (288 K)
308 K
= 1.87 liters
008 10.0 points
Hint: Start with the Ideal Gas Equation.
After you have used that you can then make
a conversion to molecules.
An oxygen sample has a volume of 3.5 L
at 27

C and 800 torr. How many oxygen

molecules does it contain?
Correct answer: 9.00784 10
22
.
Explanation:
T = 27

C + 273 = 300 K V = 3.5 L

P = 800 torr
P V = n R T
n =
P V
RT
=
(800 torr)(3.5 L)
_
0.0821
Latm
Kmol
_
(300 K)
_
1 atm
760 torr
_
= 0.149582 mol
Number of oxygen molecules
= (0.149582 mol)
_
6.022 10
23
molec
mol
_
= 9.00784 10
22
molec
009 10.0 points
An airbag inates in less than 50 msec by the
reaction of NaN
3
to produce Na and nitrogen
gas at 25

C.
NaN
3
Na + N
2
The volume of the airbag is about 30 liters,
and it is lled to a pressure of 1.4 atm. How
much NaN
3
must be used for each air bag?
Do not forget to balance the equation! The
molar mass of NaN
3
is 65.1 g/mol.
Correct answer: 74.5 grams.
Explanation:
V = 30 L
T = 25

C + 273 = 298 K
P = 1.4 atm
2 NaN
3
(s) 2 Na(s) + 3 N
2
(g)
malik (sam5758) fsemAPCh5 Gases lachman (123AP) 3
Assume room temperature:
P V = nRT
n =
P V
RT
n =
(1.4 atm) (30 L)
_
0.08206
Latm
molK
_
(298 K)
2 mol NaN
3
3 mol N
2

65.1 g NaN
3
mol NaN
3
= 74.54 g NaN
3
010 10.0 points
Calculate the volume occupied by 64.0 grams
of CH
4
at 127

C under a pressure of 2611 torr.

Correct answer: 38.2171 L.
Explanation:
n = 64 g
mol
16 g
= 4 mol
T = 127

C + 273 = 400 K
P = 2611 torr
1 atm
760 torr
= 3.43553 atm
P V = nRT
V =
nRT
P
=
(4 mol)
_
0.08206
Latm
molK
_
(400 K)
3.43553 atm
= 38.2171 L
011 10.0 points
A helium balloon has a volume of 20.9 L
when the pressure is 1.475 atm and the tem-
perature is 19

C. The balloon is cooled at

a constant pressure until the temperature is
12

C. What is the volume of the balloon at

this stage?
Correct answer: 18.6812 L.
Explanation:
T
2
= 19

C + 273 = 292 K V
1
= 20.9 L
T
2
= 12

C + 273 = 261 K
P is constant so
V
1
T
1
=
V
2
T
2
V
2
=
V
1
T
2
T
1
=
(20.9 L) (292 K)
261 K
= 18.6812 L.
012 10.0 points
A gas occupies 1.8 L at 849 torr and 18

C.
What volume will it ll if the pressure is
changed to 752 torr and the temperature is
raised to 36

C (in L)?
Correct answer: 2.15788 L.
Explanation:
Make sure that all of your units agree:
V
1
= 1.8 L P
1
= 849 torr
T
1
= 18

C + 273 = 291 K P
2
= 752 torr
T
2
= 36

C + 273 = 309 K
Applying the ideal gas law,
P V = nRT.
The number of moles and R are constant, so
P
1
V
1
T
1
=
P
2
V
2
T
2
Solving for V
2
, we have
V
2
=
P
1
V
1
T
2
T
1
P
2
=
(849 torr) (1.8 L) (309 K)
(291 K) (752 torr)
= 2.15788 L
013 10.0 points
Hint: Remember that theoretical yield is cal-
culated from a stoich. Actual yield is what
you get in the lab when you do the reaction.
What is the percent yield if 4.51 moles of
CH
4
produces 16 L of CO
2
at STP?
CH
4
+ 2 O
2
CO
2
+ 2 H
2
O
1. 78.1%
2. 1.26%
3. 6.31%
malik (sam5758) fsemAPCh5 Gases lachman (123AP) 4
4. 36.4%
5. 15.8% correct
Explanation:
n
CH4
= 4.51 mol V
CO2
= 16 L
At STP we can use the standard molar
volume,
22.4 L
mol
to convert L of CO
2
to moles:
? mol = 16 L
1 mol
22.4 L
= 0.714 mol
0.714 moles is the actual yield. Now calculate
the theoretical yield:
? mol CO
2
= 4.51 mol CH
4

1 mol CO
2
1 mol CH
4
= 4.51 mol CO
2
% yield =
0.714
4.51
100% = 15.8%
014 10.0 points
A 4.40 g piece of solid CO
2
(dry ice) is allowed
to vaporize (change to CO
2
(g)) in a balloon.
The nal volume of the balloon is 1.00 L at
300. K. What is the pressure of the gas?
1. none of these
2. 2.46 atm correct
3. 122 atm
4. 246 atm
5. 0.122 atm
Explanation:
n = 4.4 g CO
2

mol CO
2
44 g CO
2
= 0.1 mol CO
2
V = 1.00 L T = 300 K
Applying the ideal gas law equation,
P V = nRT
P =
nRT
V
P =
(0.1 mol)
_
0.0821
Latm
molK
_
(300 K)
1.00 L
= 2.463 atm
015 10.0 points
At 179

C and 782 torr, 380 mL of a gaseous

compound has a mass of 0.5 g. What is the
molecular weight of the compound?
Correct answer: 47.4468 g/mol.
Explanation:
V = 0.38 L T = 452.15 K
P = 782 torr
1 atm
760 torr
= 1.02895 atm
m = 0.5 g
Applying the ideal gas law equation,
P V = nRT
n =
P V
RT
=
(1.02895 atm) (0.38 L)
452.15 K

_
mol K
0.08206 L atm
_
= 0.0105381 mol
MW =
0.5 g
0.0105381 mol
= 47.4468 g/mol
016 10.0 points
A 9.4 gram sample of gaseous substance oc-
cupies 11 L at 72

C and 750 torr. What is the

density of the gas at STP?
Correct answer: 1.09419 g/L.
Explanation:
P
1
= 750 torr P
2
= 760 torr
T
1
= 72

C + 273.15 = 345.15 K V
1
= 11 L
T
2
= 273.15 K m = 9.4 g
Applying the ideal gas law,
P V = nRT
n
V
=
P
RT
density
n
V
, so density
P
RT
, and
density
1
density
2
=
P
1
T
2
P
2
T
1
density
2
=
density
1
P
2
T
1
P
1
T
2
malik (sam5758) fsemAPCh5 Gases lachman (123AP) 5
=
mP
2
T
1
V
1
P
1
T
2
=
(9.4 g) (760 torr) (345.15 K)
(11 L) (750 torr) (273.15 K)
= 1.09419 g/L
017 10.0 points
A 5 L sample of a gas was collected over water
on a day when the temperature was 24

C and
the barometric pressure was 706 torr. The
dry sample of gas had a mass of 5.6 grams.
What is the mass of three moles of the dry
gas? At 24

C the vapor pressure of water is

22 torr.
Correct answer: 90.9881 g.
Explanation:
Sample:
V = 5 L P
total
= 706 torr
T = 24

C = 297 K P
H2O
= 22 torr
P
gas
= P
total
P
H2O
= (706 torr 22 torr)
1 atm
760 torr
= 0.9 atm
Applying the ideal gas law equation,
P V = nRT
n
gas
=
P
gas
V
RT
=
(0.9 atm) (5 L)
_
0.08206
L atm
mol K
_
(297 K)
= 0.184639 mol
MW =
5.6 g
0.184639 mol
= 30.3294 g/mol
3 mol 30.3294 g/mol = 90.9881 g
018 10.0 points
Two gases are contained in gas bulbs con-
nected by a valve. Gas A is present in a 1 liter
bulb at a pressure of 980 torr. Gas B ex-
erts a pressure of 390 torr in a 1 liter bulb.
The valve is opened and the two gases equili-
brate. What is the partial pressure of gas A
expressed after equilibration?
Correct answer: 490 torr.
Explanation:
V
A
= 1 L V
B
= 1 L
P
A
= 980 torr P
B
= 390 torr
V
total
= 2 L
P
A
V
A
= P
t
V
t
P
t
=
P
A
V
A
V
t
=
(980 torr) (1 L)
2 L
= 490 torr
019 10.0 points
We mix 95 grams of oxygen gas with
200 grams of argon gas in a volume of 1782 mL
at 160

C. What will be the nal pressure of

the gas mixture?
Correct answer: 159.219 atm.
Explanation:
n
O2
= 95 grams
mol
32 g
= 2.96875 mol
n
Ar
= 200 grams
mol
39.948 g
= 5.00651 mol
n
total
= 7.97526 mol
V = 1782 mL = 1.782 L T = 160

C = 433 K
P V = nRT
P =
nRT
V
=
(7.97526 mol)
_
0.08206
Latm
molK
_
(433 K)
1.782 L
= 159.219 atm
020 10.0 points
The rate of eusion of unknown gas X is found
to be about 2.2 times that of SF
6
gas (MW
= 146 g/mol) at the same conditions of tem-
perature and pressure. What is the molecular
weight of gas X?
Correct answer: 30.1653 g/mol.
Explanation:
E
X
= 2.2 E
SF6
MW
SF6
= 146
malik (sam5758) fsemAPCh5 Gases lachman (123AP) 6
E
X
E
SF6
=
_
MW
SF6

MW
X
2.2 E
SF6
E
SF6
=

146

MW
X
MW
X
=
_

146
2.2
_
2
= 30.1653 g/mol
021 10.0 points
Use the van der Waals equation to calculate
the pressure exerted by 1 mol of ammonia
at 23

C in a 1 L container. The van der

Waals constants for ammonia are a = 4.17 L
2

atm/mol
2
and b = 0.0371 L/mol. (The values
for a and b have been rounded o to simplify
the arithmetic.)
Correct answer: 21.0556 atm.
Explanation:
n = 1 mol T = 23

C + 273 = 296 K
V = 1 L a = 4.17 L
2
atm/mol
2
b = 0.0371 L/mol
_
P +
n
2
a
V
2
_
(V nb) = nRT
P =
nRT
V nb

n
2
a
V
2
=
(1 mol)(0.08206
Latm
molK
)(296 K)
1 L (1 mol)(0.0371 L/mol)

(1 mol)
2
(4.17 L
2
atm/mol
2
)
(1 L)
2
= 21.0556 atm
022 10.0 points
Hint: Remember that if the volume stays the
same (is constant) that the number of moles
is then proportional to pressure.
What mass of ammonia will exert the same
pressure as 10.9 mg of hydrogen sulde (H
2
S)
in the same container under the same condi-
tions?
Correct answer: 5.4468 mg.
Explanation:
MW
H2S
= 34.08 g/mol m
H2S
= 10.9 mg
MW
NH3
= 17.03 g/mol
The same number of moles of gas will ex-
ert the same pressure, regardless of the gas
(assuming the gases are all reasonably ideal):
n
H2S
=
0.0109 g
34.08 g/mol
= 0.000319836 mol
n
NH3
=
m
NH3
MW
NH3
m
NH3
= n
NH3
MW
NH3
= (0.000319836 mol) (17.03 g/mol)
= 0.0054468 g
= 5.4468 mg
023 10.0 points
Hint: Remember that for ideal gases it doesnt
matter if the gases are the same or dierent.
Each particle (or mole of particles) has the
same eect on pressure. So, gure out the
moles of gas in the container and proceed
from there.
What pressure would a mixture of
3.2 grams of O
2
, 6.4 grams CH
4
, and 6.4 grams
of SO
2
exert if the gases were placed in a
5.4 liter container at 127

C?
Correct answer: 3.64711 atm.
Explanation:
T = 127

C + 273 = 400 K V = 4.5 L

n
O2
= 3.2 g
mol
32 g
= 0.1 mol
n
CH4
= 6.4 g
mol
16 g
= 0.4 mol
n
SO2
= 6.4 g
mol
64 g
= 0.1 mol
n
total
= 0.6 mol
Applying the ideal gas law equation,
P V = nRT
P =
nRT
V
=
(0.6 mol)
_
0.08206
Latm
molK
_
(400 K)
5.4 L
= 3.64711 atm
malik (sam5758) fsemAPCh5 Gases lachman (123AP) 7
024 10.0 points
Hint: Figure out the moles of sulfur dioxide.
From that you can gure out the moles of
sulfur and then proceed to nish the problem.
A bottle cap containing a metal sulde
weighs 15.3 grams and produces 3.36 L of
SO
2
at 31

C and 738 torr. Calculate the per-

centage by mass of sulfur in the bottle cap.
Correct answer: 27.3549%.
Explanation:
V = 3.36 L T = 31

C + 273 = 304 K
T = 738 torr
1 atm
760 torr
= 0.971053 atm
P V = nRT
n =
P V
RT
=
(0.971053 atm)(3.36 L)
(0.08206
Latm
molK
) (304 K)
= 0.130791 mol
0.130791 mol SO
2

1 mol S
1 mol SO
2

32 g S
1 g S
= 4.1853 g S
% S =
4.1853 g
15.3 g cap
100 % = 27.3549 %
025 10.0 points
A solid is decomposed in HCl, producing a
gas. The product gas took 2.41 times as long
to euse as the same amount of CO
2
under the
same conditions of temperature and pressure.
What is the molar mass of the product gas?
Correct answer: 255.614 g/mol.
Explanation:
Because the product gas took 2.41 times as
long to euse, the rate of eusion of CO
2
must
be 2.41 times that of the product gas:
E
CO2
= 2.41 E
prod
MW
CO2
= 12.01 g/mol + 2(16 g/mol)
= 44.01 g/mol
E
_
1
MW
, so
E
CO2
E
prod
=

MW
prod
MW
CO2
MW
prod
= MW
CO2
_
E
CO2
E
prod
_
2
= 44.01 g/mol
_
2.41 E
prod
E
prod
_
2
= 255.614 g/mol .
026 10.0 points
What volume of hydrogen (STP) is produced
by dissolving 1.2 moles of aluminum in sulfu-
ric acid?
2 Al(s) + 3 H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3 H
2
Correct answer: 40.3661 L.
Explanation:
n = 0.5 mol
First, set up a proportion to determine the
number of moles of hydrogen produced. Two
moles Al produces three moles H
2
, so 1.2
moles produces
3 moles H
2
2 moles Al
(1.2 moles Al) = 1.8 moles H
2
.
Then use P V = nRT to nd the volume
at STP:
V =
nRT
P
=
(1.8 mol)
_
0.0821
Latm
Kmol
_
(273.15 K)
atm
= 40.3661 L
027 10.0 points
What volume of HCl gas is produced by the
reaction of 15 L liters of H
2
gas with 15 L of
Cl
2
gas? (All gas volumes are measured at
the same T and P.)
Correct answer: 30 L.
Explanation:
V
HCl
= 15 L n
HCl
= 2 mol
malik (sam5758) fsemAPCh5 Gases lachman (123AP) 8
n
H2
= 1 mol
Cl
2
+ H
2
2 HCl
n V , so
n
H2
n
HCl
=
V
H
V
HCl
V
HCl
=
_
n
HCl
n
H2
_
V
H2
=
_
2 mol HCl
1 mol H
2
_
15 L H
2
= 30 L
028 10.0 points
What volume of pure oxygen gas (O
2
) mea-
sured at 546 K and 1.00 atm is formed by
complete dissociation of 0.2 mol of Ag
2
O?
2 Ag
2
O(s) 4 Ag(s) + O
2
(g)
1. 2.24 L
2. 6.72 L
3. 13.4 L
4. 8.96 L
5. 4.48 L correct
Explanation:
n
O2
= 0.2 mol Ag
2
O
1 mol O
2
2 mol Ag
2
O
= 0.1 mol O
2
P = 1 atm T = 546 K
PV = nRT
V =
nRT
P
=
(0.1) (0.08206) (546 K)
1
= 4.48048 L
029 10.0 points
If the volume is 66 mL at 190 torr, nd the
volume at 1.00 atm. Assume the temperature
and amount of gas remain constant.
Correct answer: 16.5 mL.
Explanation:
P
1
= 190 torr P
2
= 1 atm = 760 torr
V
1
= 66 mL
Boyles law relates the volume and pressure
of a sample of gas:
P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
V
2
=
P
1
V
1
P
2
=
(190 torr) (66 mL)
760 torr
= 16.5 mL
030 10.0 points
What volume of chlorine (Cl
2
(g)) is necessary
to prepare 34.1 liters of hydrogen chloride
(HCl) if an excess of hydrogen (H
2
) is used?
All gases are measured at 100

C at 1 atmo-
sphere pressure.
Correct answer: 17.05 L.
Explanation:
V
HCl
= 34.1 L
The reaction for this combination reaction is
H
2
(g) + Cl
2
(g) 2 HCl(g)
At the same temperature and pressure, equal
volumes of all gases contain the same number
of molecules (Avagardos law). 1 mole of
H
2
will have the same volume as one mole
of Cl
2
. 2 moles of HCl would occupy twice
this volume. The 1:1:2 ratio expressed by
the coecients in the reaction can also be
understood as the ratio of volumes:
? L Cl
2
= 34.1 L HCl
1 L Cl
2
2 L HCl
= 17.05 L Cl
2