Hypotheses testing

Final requirement for Business Statistics

Submitted by: Jelmar Deocaris | BSA3

Hypothesis Testing for Population Mean (z-test) The national minting claims that all one cent coins contain .05 grams of silver. In a random sample of 1,000 one cent coins, the average grams of silver they contain .048 grams and the standard deviation is .06. At =.05, is there enough evidence to support the national mintings claim? Step 1: Ho: =.05 | The average silver content of one cent coins is .05 grams. Ha: .05| The average silver content of one cent coins is not .05 grams. Step 2: = 0.05, two tailed Step 3: z test, the tabular value is 1.96. Step 4: Decision Rule: Reject Ho if computed value +1.96 or computed value < -1.96; otherwise accept Ho. Step 5: Computation:

Z= -1.054 Step 6: Since the computed values is greater than the negative tabular value, accept Ho. Step 7: There is enough evidence to support the national minting claim that all one cent coins contain 0.05 grams of silver.

Hypothesis Testing for Sample Mean (t-test) The average life span of Filipinos is 63 years old. A small town in Ifugao claims that the life span of its inhabitants is longer than an average Filipino. A random sample of 25 Igorots registers a mean age of 83 years old and deviation of 10.. At =.05, is there enough evidence to support the claim? Step 1: Ho: 63 |The average age of Igorots is not longer than 63 years old. Ha: > 63|The average age of Igorots is longer than 63 years old. Step 2: = 0.05, right tailed Step 3: t test, Step 4: df= 25-1= 24, the tabular value is 1.711. Step 5: Decision Rule: Reject Ho if computed value 1.711; otherwise accept Ho. Step 6: Computation:

T= 10 Step 7: Since the computed value is greater than the negative tabular value, reject Ho. Step 7: There is enough evidence to support the Ifugao towns claim their inhabitants have longer life span an average FIlipino.

Test of Difference between Means A radiologist wants to know the radiation capacity of two species of bacteria. The bacteria are exposed to a certain dosage of radiations and noting the time until the specimen die. In the test, the first group of 100 colonies registers a mean time 3.5 minutes while the second group of 90 colonies registers 10 minutes having deviation of 2. At =.05, is there a significant difference between the two group? Step 1: Ho: x1=x2 |There is no significant difference between the two bacteria species as to their ability to survive radiation exposure. Ha: x1x2|There is a significant difference between the two bacteria species as to their ability to survive radiation exposure. Step 2: = 0.05, two tailed Step 3: z test, TB= 1.96. Step 4: Decision Rule: Reject Ho if computed value 1.96 or computed value < 1.96; otherwise accept Ho. Step 5: Computation:

Step 6: Since the computed value is less than the negative tabular value, reject Ho. Step 7: It can be concluded that there is significant difference between the radiation exposure capability of the two bacteria species.

Hypothesis testing about Population During the past decade, the Statistics Office has records revealing 25% of teenagers spend the majority of their time playing computer games. However in a same study made by an independent firm states that in sample of 200 teenagers, 160 of them confessed that they spend majority their time playing computer games. Has there been a significant increase in the numbers of teenagers playing computer games? (=.05) Step 1: Ho: 25% | There is no significant increase in the percentage of teenagers spending majority of their time playing computer games. Ha: > 25% | There is a significant increase in the percentage of teenagers spending majority of their time playing computer games Step 2: = 0.05, right tailed Step 3: z test, right tailed. TB= 1.645 Step 4: Decision Rule: Reject Ho if computed value 1.645; otherwise accept Ho. Step 5: Computation:

Z= 17.96 Step 6: Since the computed value is greater than the negative tabular value, reject Ho. Step 7: It can be said that there is a significant increase in the percentage of teenagers spending majority of their time playing computer games.

Z-test for Independent Proportions A nongovernment organization wants to know if there is a significant difference between the Filipino youths (those aging 18-25 years old) and Filipino Senior citizens (those aging 60 and above) on matter whether they are voting for senatoriables affiliated with the Liberal Party. At =.05, is there a significant difference between the group? Step 1: Ho: P1=P2 | There is no significant difference between the number of Filipino youths and senior citizens voting for senatoriables affiliated with the Liberal Party. Ha: P1P2 | There is a significant difference between the number of Filipino youths and senior citizens voting for senatoriables affiliated with the Liberal Party. Filipino Youth 100 100 200 Filipino Senior Citizens 145 55 200

YES NO TOTAL

Step 2: = 0.05, two tailed Step 3: z test, TB= 1.96 Step 4: Decision Rule: Reject Ho if computed value +1.96 or computed value < -1.96; otherwise accept Ho. Step 5: Computation:

Z= -94.80 Step 6: Since the computed value is greater than the negative tabular value, reject Ho. Step 7: It can be said that there is a significant increase in the percentage of teenagers spending majority of their time playing computer games.

Z-test for Dependent Proportions An experiment is done to evaluate the effectiveness of new anti-rashes drug. A sample 100 patients suffering from mild rashes were chosen. During the placebo treatment, only 15 feel fewer itches while the remaining 85 feel no changes at all. After the application of the new drug, 65 feel fewer itches while 35 feel no changes at all. Is there a significant difference between the patients who are suffering from mild rashes before and after treatment? (=.05) Step 1: Ho: P1=P2 | There is no significant difference between the patients who are suffering from mild rashes before and after treatment Ha: P1P2 | There is a significant difference between the patients who are suffering from mild rashes before and after treatment. Step 2: = 0.05, two tailed Step 3: z test, TB= 1.96 Step 4: Decision Rule: Reject Ho if computed value 1.96 or computed value < -1.96; otherwise accept Ho. Step 5: Computation: AFTER TREATMENT No changes 0 (b) 35 (d) 35

BEFORE TREATMENT Less itch No changes Total

Less itch 15 (a) 50 (c) 65

Total 15 85 100

=.35,

Z= -2.83 Step 6: Since the computed value is less than the negative tabular value, reject Ho. Step 7: There is no significant difference between the populations of patients suffering from mild rashes before and after treatment.

Chi-square test for Goodness of Fit A biologist wants to test whether a certain species of grass if not affected by toxic chemicals present in soils near its habitat. (=.05) With toxic chemical Without toxic chemical (experimental set-up) (control set-up) Expected Growth 15 cm 15 cm Observed Growth 5 cm 20 cm The grass grows an average length of 15 cm per month in its natural habitat thus the basis of control setup. Step 1: Ho: There is no significant difference between the control set up and experimental set-up. Ha: There is a significant difference between the control set up and experimental set up. Step 2: = 0.05 Step 3: chi-square test Step 4: df=2-1= 1, TB= 3.841 Step 5: Decision Rule: Reject Ho if x2 3.84; otherwise accepts Ho. Step 6: Computation:

X2 = 6.67+ 1.67= 8.34 Step 6: Since the computed value is greater than 3.84, reject Ho. Step 7: It can be said that grass is affected by the chemical toxic present in soil of its habitat.

One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) A group of marine biologist wants to know if a certain kind of mollusk that thrives in warm waters grows on a different rate depending on temperature variations. The following data are gathered: 15 C X1 5 5 4 4 2 20 20 C X2 3 5 4 4 4 20 25 C X3 2 2 3 2 4 13

Total

X12 25 25 16 16 4 86

X22 9 25 16 16 16 82

X32 4 4 9 4 16 37

Step 1: Ho: 1=2=3 | There is no significant difference between the three groups of mollusk. Ha: 123 | There is no significant difference between the three groups of mollusk. Step 2: =.05 Step 3: Anova Step 4: dfb=3-1=2, dfw=15-3= 12, TB= 3.88 Step 5: Decision Rule: Reject Ho, if F3.88 otherwise accept Ha. Step 6:

= 19.73

= 3.265;

Step 7: Accept Ho since F is less than 3.88. Step 8: The three groups of mollusk grow at the same rate regardless of temperature variations of waters.