Adverb Clauses

Comparison of adjective, noun and adverb clauses Adjective Clause Noun Clause A group of words with a subject A group of words with a subject and a verb that modifies or and a verb that can be a subject, describes a noun or pronoun. an object, or an object of a preposition. Subordinating Conjunctions Reason/ Cause: because Condition: if Contrast: while Concession: although Result: so Time Relationship: after whenever

Adverb Clause A group of words with a subject and a verb that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

since even if although though so that as soon as as

unless even though before

when

in case

when

while

until

In sentences with adverb clauses, use the same verb tense in both parts of the sentence the main clause and the adverb clause. e.g. Whenever the manager calls a meeting, the employees get nervous. Because the manager called a meeting, the employees got nervous.

Adverb clause reductions forming adverb phrases even if after unless before when until while whenever although even though

if though

1) Delete the subject and the be verb. e.g. When John is tired, he usually goes home to take a nap. When tired, John usually goes home to take a nap. 2) Delete the subject and change the verb to the progressive form. e.g. While Karen ate the pizza, she watched a horror movie on TV. While eating the pizza, Karen watched a horror movie on TV.

Exercise 1 Main Clause Adverb Clause although_______________________________________

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1. The students were happy

______________________________________________ . 2. My little brother is crying because________________________________________ ______________________________________________ . 3. The flowers have bloomed if_____________________________________________ ______________________________________________ . 4. Nodira is going to buy a new care even though____________________________________ ______________________________________________ . 5. The rainforest will disappear after__________________________________________ ______________________________________________ . 6. People continue to smoke while_________________________________________ ______________________________________________ . 7. Sheila has become a doctor before_________________________________________ ______________________________________________ . 8. Paris is a beloved tourist destination unless_________________________________________ ______________________________________________ . Exercise 2 While Lisa was hiking through the Andes Mountains, she had a very bad scare. She had seen a rocky hill not too far away and decided to try to climb it. When Lisa was halfway up the hill, the rocky surface began to crumble. She was terrified, and she didnt know what to do. She held on to the rocks and tried to adjust her footing. After she got a good foothold, she attempted to resume climbing. Thirty minutes later, an exhausted and frightened Lisa reached the top of the hill. Nowadays Lisa stays away from rocky mountains. Even if she is invited by her closest friends to go hiking, shell politely refuse.

Exercise 3
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1. After the man _____ his bonus, he took his family out to celebrate. a. got b. is getting c. will get 2. _____ in the military, many people decide to become commercial pilots. d. gets

a. After serve b. After be serve c. After they serves d. After serving 3. Henry received a full scholarship to Stanford University _____ excellent grades. a. because his b. because he c. because of his 4. Whenever Joanne _____, she brews some natural tea and meditates. d. because

a. gets a headache b. will get a headache c. got a headache d. gets a headache 5. _____ she had no professional dance experience, phoebe became a famous folk dancer. a. Because b. Unless c. Although 6. While the soup was simmering on the stove, Allie _____ her homework. a. does b. was doing c. has done d. If d. is doing

Exercise 4 1. Although it beautiful, the 5-star hotel was too expensive for me to enjoy. 2. After Ned returned from work, he puts on his favourite music to relax. 3. Stem cell research will certainly remain a controversial issue if conservatives and liberals not come to a consensus very soon. 4. Though boring, the spectators decided to stay and watch the remaining portion of the Broadway musical.