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Surge and Lightning Protection Standards

Bellcore
Prepared by: Phil Jones Engineering Section Manager ERICO, Inc
Issue 2 September 2,1998 IMPORTANT NOTICE
This document is an internal ERICO document, not intended for external release or publication. It may contain material copyrighted by others, and no liability is accepted for the use of this information. It is provided in good faith as a correct interpretation of the current standards environment, but may contain errors or omissions.

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Contents
CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................. 2 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 2.2 2.3 OBJECTIVE: ................................................................................................................................. 3 SCOPE:........................................................................................................................................ 3 NOTES: ....................................................................................................................................... 3

AC POWER PROTECTION........................................................................................................ 4 3.1 3.2 TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SURGE SUPPRESSORS (TVSS) ..................................................................... 4 SECONDARY ARRESTERS.............................................................................................................. 4

TELEPHONE PROTECTION..................................................................................................... 5 4.1 4.2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIERS (COMMUNICATIONS UTILITIES) ................................................ 5 CUSTOMER PREMISES EQUIPMENT (CPE)...................................................................................... 5

DATA/COMMUNICATIONS PROTECTION............................................................................ 6 5.1 5.2 COMMUNITY ANTENNA TELEVISION (CATV) ............................................................................... 6 MISCELLANEOUS ......................................................................................................................... 6

LIGHTNING PROTECTION ...................................................................................................... 7 6.1 6.2 LIGHTNING PROTECTION COMPONENTS ........................................................................................ 7 LIGHTNING PROTECTION INSTALLATIONS ..................................................................................... 7

INFORMATIVE STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 8 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 IEEE COMPONENT STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 8 IEEE GUIDES AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES ............................................................................. 8 UNPUBLISHED (FUTURE) IEEE STANDARDS ................................................................................. 8 TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................... 8 SAFETY STANDARD ..................................................................................................................... 8

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IEEE STANDARDS ...................................................................................................................... 9 WHO ARE THE STANDARDS MAKING BODIES? .............................................................. 10 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS (IEEE) ................................................ 10 BELLCORE ................................................................................................................................. 10 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (TIA) .............................................................. 11 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)................................................................... 12 THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)....................................... 12 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY (FCC) ........................................................................ 12 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC (UL) .................................................................................. 13 LIGHTNING PROTECTION INSTITUTE (LPI) .................................................................................. 13

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APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED STANDARDS......................................................... 14 APPENDIX B - TIA ENGINEERING COMMITTEES............................................................ 16

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Introduction

2.1 Objective: This document is intended to be a definitive reference which details relevant surge and lightning standards, applicable in the USA, for AC, telephone, and data services. Rather than describe the standard contents in depth, this document seeks to explain the applicability and relevance of each. 2.2 Scope: There are literally hundreds of standards that deal with lightning and surge protection in some way, but this document is intended to deal with those that are applicable to end product sold in the United States. In specifying end products, it excludes standards that specifically apply to components only, and such end products are intended for normal commercial use, and preclude those that apply to specific applications, such as for power sub-stations, and marine applications. 2.3 Notes: Standards are listed here without reference to issue and year, as this information is subject to change. The standards process is one of continual change and evolution. It is hoped to revise this document from time to time, to follow this change, and to expand the scope and content as need warrants.

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3.1

AC Power Protection
Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors (TVSS)

Standards
NEMA LS 1 Low Voltage Surge Protective Devices NFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC) UL 1449 Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors

Discussion The NEC uses the term surge arrester somewhat loosely to mean both TVSS and Secondary Arrester, and states [280-4. (a)] that Surge arresters installed on circuits of less than 1000V shall be listed for the purpose. Listing here means that the device shall be listed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, and of these, UL is the most widely recognized. UL tests these devices to UL1449, which is applicable for devices intended for installation on the load side of the main overcurrent protection. The NEMA document, NEMA LS 1, is intended to serve primarily as a guide to manufacturers and others affiliated with the Low Voltage SPD marketplace in the hope that uniformity of specifications, in terms of valid, understandable physical parameters, will improve the understanding of SPD literature. Apart from this noble aim, it has no particular requirements. 3.2 Secondary Arresters

Standards
IEEE C62.1 Standard for Gapped Silicon Carbide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.2 Guide for the application of Gapped Silicon Carbide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.11 Standard for Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.22 Guide for the Application of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for AC Systems IEEE C62.34 Standard for Performance of Low Voltage Surge Protective Devices (Secondary Arresters) NFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC)

Discussion The NEC uses the term surge arrester somewhat loosely to mean both TVSS and Secondary Arrester, and states [280-4. (a)] that Surge arresters installed on circuits of less than 1000V shall be listed for the purpose. Listing here means that the device shall be listed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, and of these, UL is the most widely recognized. Currently, UL investigates metal oxide Surge Arresters to IEEE C62.11. All other types are investigated to ANSI/IEEE C62.1. In the near future UL intends to develop an Outline of Investigation, or the like, that outlines the applicable requirements in IEEEC62.34 and other standards to investigate Surge Arresters. Once the outline is completed, UL will review all Listed Surge Arresters to determine compliance. A TVSS is a protective device that is installed after the main disconnect and a Secondary Arrester is a protective device that is installed after the secondary transformer.

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4.1

Telephone Protection
Telecommunications Carriers (Communications Utilities)

Standards
GR-974-CORE Generic Requirements for Telecommunications Line Protector Units (TLPUs) GR-1089-CORE Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety Generic Criteria for Network telecommunications Equipment GR-1361-CORE Generic Requirements for Gas Tube Protector Units (GTPUs)

Discussion The NEC states in its scope [90-2. (b) (4)] that The code does not cover Installations of communications equipment under the exclusive control of communications utilities located outdoors or in building spaces used exclusively for such installations. Thus, the requirements that protectors be listed (UL, etc) does not apply to telecommunications carriers, and some other bodies. The requirements of such carriers are determined solely by them, and may well reference the Bellcore standards listed above. 4.2 Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

Standards
FCC Part 68 Connection of Terminal Equipment to the Telephone Network NFPA 70 National Electric Code TIA/EIA TSB31-B Telecommunications Systems Bulletin Part 68 Rationale and Measurement Guidelines UL 497 Protectors for Paired Conductor Communications Circuits UL 497A Secondary Protectors for Communications Circuits

Discussion The NEC separates protective devices for communications circuits [800-30] into Primary Protectors [800-31] and Secondary Protectors [800-32], and requires that both types be listed. Suitable standards are UL497 for primary protectors, and UL497A for secondary protectors. Interestingly, the NEC itself states that a Primary Protector shall consist of an arrester connected between each line conductor and ground, and that a Secondary Protector shall provide means to safely limit currents to less than the current carrying capacity of listed wire and cable and that any overvoltage protection, arresters, or grounding connection shall be connected on the equipment terminals side of the secondary protector current limiting means. It is thus quite prescriptive of the circuit topology required. In addition, federal law requires that the rules and regulations apply to direct connection of all terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network. This is FCC Part 68, and a recent enquiry by me to the FCC compliance section indicates that surge protection circuits need to comply also, although many manufacturers appear not to do this. The TIA/EIA TSB31-B document is referenced by FCC Part 68, and is a companion document intended to provide good engineering interpretation of the (legal styled) FCC Part 68. To connect CPE to the telephone network for those applications covered by FCC Part 68, the CPE must be registered with the FCC. The basis for registration is an application filed by the manufacturer stating that its product complies with, and will continue to comply

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with, the Part 68 technical standards. Such an application is accompanied by test procedures and design notes to demonstrate this. Apart from producing the document TIA/EIA TSB31-B, the TIA group do not appear to make any recommendations on surge protection. The committee that most likely deals with this is TR-41, and sub-committee TR-41.9 has indirectly dealt with this, by endorsing FCC Part 68 (see Appendix B).

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5.1

Data/Communications Protection
Community Antenna Television (CATV)

Standards
GR-2908-CORE Generic Requirements for Surge Protectors on Coaxial Lines at Customers Premises UL 497C Protectors for Coaxial Communications Circuits

Discussion Article 820 of the NEC deals with CATV systems, and Article 820-33 deals with protection requirements. It states that the outer shield of the coaxial cable shall be grounded, and that where this is done, no other protective devices shall be required. If one were to provide a protective device, the above two standards listed may be suitable. 5.2 Miscellaneous

Standards
UL 497B Protectors for Data Communications and Fire Alarm Circuits IEEE C62.36 Standard Test Methods for Surge Protectors Used in Low Voltage Data, Communications, and Signaling Circuits GR-2908-CORE Generic Requirements for Surge Protectors on Coaxial Lines at Customers Premises UL 497C Protectors for Coaxial Communications Circuits

Discussion Exactly what is required for various data protectors is a little unclear. The NEC refers to telephone, telegraph, fire alarm, burglar alarm, and other systems. The NEC does not particularly distinguish between telephone circuits and general communications (data?) circuits as far as the requirements for primary and secondary protectors. Put simply, the actual application has to be evaluated, and any of UL497, UL497A, UL497B, or UL497C may be applicable. Interestingly, the NEC itself states that a Primary Protector shall consist of an arrester connected between each line conductor and ground, and that a Secondary Protector shall provide means to safely limit currents to less than the current carrying capacity of listed wire and cable and that any overvoltage protection, arresters, or grounding connection shall be connected on the equipment terminals side of the secondary protector current limiting means.

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6.1

Lightning Protection
Lightning Protection Components

Standards
UL 96 Lightning Protection Components

Discussion Very basic, limited information is given here for lightning protection components. It deals with conventional lightning protection systems, and has details for these elements such as air terminals, downconductors, supports, and ground electrodes. 6.2 Lightning Protection Installations

Standards
NFPA 780 Installation of Lightning Protection Systems LPI-175 Standard of Practice LPI-177 Inspection Guide for LPI Certified Systems UL 96A Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection Systems NFPA 70 National Electric Code

Discussion The NEC has a small amount of information regarding lightning protection systems (requiring that metal parts of electrical equipment be kept at least 6 feet away from lightning rod conductors), but references NFPA-780 for further information. The requirements of all the other four standards are very similar, and have many identical diagrams, etc, and it is straightforward to install systems that comply with all three standards. Committee TR-14 of the TIA is responsible for Point-to-Point Communications, and subcommittee TR-14.3 deals with Station Grounding (see Appendix B). Listed within their charter are lightning protection systems for microwave towers, etc. It perhaps needs to be stated that the above standards all deal with conventional lightning systems. There was an attempt to get NFPA 781 Standard for Lightning Protection Using Early Streamer Emission Air Terminals accepted, but following a hearing on July 18, 1995, the standards council decided not to issue this standard.

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7.1

Informative Standards
IEEE Component Standards

IEEE C62.31 Standard Test Specifications for Gas Tube Surge Protective Devices IEEE C62.32 Standard Test Specifications for Low Voltage Air Gap Surge Protective Devices (excluding Valve and Expulsion type devices) IEEE C62.33 Standard Test Specifications for Varistor Surge Protective Devices IEEE C62.35 Standard Test Specifications for Avalanche Junction Semiconductor Surge Protective Devices IEEE C62.37 Standard Test Specifications for Thyristor Diode Surge Protective Devices

7.2

IEEE Guides and Recommended Practices

IEEE C62.41 Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.42 Guide for the Application of Gas Tube and Air Gap Arrestor Low Voltage Surge Protective Devices IEEE C62.45 Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to Low Voltage AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.48 Guide on Interactions Between Power System Disturbances and Surge Protection Devices

7.3

Unpublished (Future) IEEE Standards

(IEEE C62.43 Guide for the Application of Surge Protectors Used in Low Voltage Data, Communications, and Signaling Circuits)* (IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specifications for Surge Protectors used in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits)* (IEEE C62.72 Guide for Application of Surge Protectors used in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits)*

7.4

Telephone equipment

UL 1459 Telephone Equipment

Listed for information. This standard does not apply to protectors, since the UL497 series is applicable here. 7.5 Safety Standard
UL 1950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business Equipment

Also listed for information. This is based on IEC950 which is often used for protectors in other parts of the world. In the US, the UL497 series is more applicable, and hence is the requirement. * = Standards marked with an asterisk are not yet published and are subject to change.

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IEEE Standards

The IEEE plays a big part in the standards process for surge protective devices in the USA, and influences activities throughout the world. For this reason, this section is devoted to showing the organisation of the relevant C62 series standards. Component Surge Protective Devices Test Specifications Gas Tube (C62.31) Air Gap (C62.32) MOV (C62.33) Avalanche Diode (C62.35) Thyristor Diode (C62.37) Application Guide Currently just Gas Tube and Air Gap, but will be all (C62.42) Surge Protectors Test Specifications AC Power (C62.62)* Data, Comms (C62.36) Application Guide AC Power (C62.72)* Data, Comms (C62.43)* Secondary Surge Arresters Test Specifications Silicon Carbide (C62.1) MOV (C62.11) Performance Standard (C62.34) Application Guide Silicon Carbide (C62.2) MOV (C62.22) Miscellaneous IEEE C62.41 - Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.45 - Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to Low Voltage AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.48 - Guide on Interactions Between Power System Disturbances and Surge Protection Devices * = Standards marked with an asterisk are not yet published and are subject to change.

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9.1

Who are the Standards making bodies?


Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

The IEEE is the world's largest technical professional society. Founded in 1884 by a handful of practitioners of the new electrical engineering discipline, today's Institute is comprised of more than 320,000 members who conduct and participate in its activities in 152 countries. The men and women of the IEEE are the technical and scientific professionals making the revolutionary engineering advances which are reshaping our world today. The technical objectives of the IEEE focus on advancing the theory and practice of electrical, electronics and computer engineering and computer science. To realize these objectives, the IEEE sponsors technical conferences, symposia and local meetings worldwide: publishes nearly 25% of the world's technical papers in electrical, electronics and computer engineering; provides educational programs to keep its members' knowledge and expertise state-of-the-art. The purpose of all these activities is two fold: (1) to enhance the quality of life for all peoples through improved public awareness of the influences and applications of its technologies; and (2) to advance the standing of the engineering profession and its members. The IEEE, through its members, provides leadership in areas ranging from aerospace, computers and communications to biomedical technology, electric power and consumer electronics. For the latest research and innovations in the many diverse fields of electrical and electronics engineering, industry and individuals look to the IEEE. IEEE Power Engineering Society (PES) The scope of the Society embraces planning, research, development, design, application, construction, installation and operation of apparatus, equipment, structures, materials and systems for the safe, reliable and economic generation, transmission, distribution, conversion, measurement and control of electric energy. It includes the developing of engineering standards, the providing of information and instruction to the public and to legislators, as well as technical scientific, literary, educational and other activities that contribute to the electric power discipline or utilize the techniques or products within this discipline. The Surge Protective Devices Committee is part of the PES and produces the C62 series of standards

9.2

Bellcore

A wholly owned subsidiary of Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). Bellcore is a leading provider of communications software, engineering, and consulting services based on world-class research. One of the world's largest providers of telecommunications information-networking software, and professional services, Bellcore creates business solutions that make information technology work for telecommunications carriers, businesses and governments worldwide. Bellcore employees are recognized leaders in the creation/development of such groundbreaking technologies as ADSL, AIN, ATM, ISDN, Frame Relay, PCS, SMDS, SONET, and video-on-demand. Eighty percent of the United States public telecommunications network depends on software invented, developed, implemented, and/or maintained by Bellcore. Major Products, Services and Intellectual Assets Software products include MediaVantageTM; software system for full-service networks, and AirBossTM ; voice, messaging, and information service applications for wireless networks. Professional services include systems integration; local number portability; unbundling and interconnection; network integrity and reliability; fraud management; pricing and costing analyses; and Year 2000 solutions. Nearly 800 domestic and foreign patents for technical innovation available for licensing -- including a pliable, environmentally safe, lithium-ion battery.

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Bellcore-developed network systems handle every single 800 and 888 call placed in the U.S. each day, regardless of carrier. Established January 1, 1984, to provide engineering, administrative and other services to the telecommunications companies of Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, BellSouth, NYNEX, Pacific Telesis, SBC Communications, and U S WEST. Sold in 1997 to Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), a diversified, high-technology, research and engineering company based in San Diego, CA. Major U.S. telecommunications customers include the RBOCs and their affiliates, AT&T, GTE, the Southern New England Telephone Company, Rochester Telephone, Sprint, Stentor, and government.

Global Market Presence Headquarters are in Morristown, New Jersey, with sales and technical offices throughout the United States, as well as regional sales headquarters for international markets in Europe, Central and South America, and Asia Pacific.

Corporate Statistics 1997 revenue over $1 billion Employs 5,270

9.3

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

TIA is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop voluntary industry standards for a wide variety of telecommunications products. TIA's Standards and Technology Department is composed of five divisions which sponsor over 70 standards-setting formulating groups. The committees and subcommittees sponsored by the five divisions -- Fiber Optics, User Premises Equipment, Network Equipment, Wireless Communications and Satellite Communications -- formulate standards to serve the industry and users well into the next century. Within TIA, over 1,500 individuals, with representatives from manufacturers, service providers and end-users including the government, serve on the formulating groups involved in standards setting. To ensure representation for the positions of U.S. telecommunications equipment producers in the international arena, TIA also participates in international standards-setting activities, such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the InterAmerican Telecommunication Commission (CITEL) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) is a national, full-service trade association whose members are engaged in the supply of telecommunications equipment and fiber optic products. TIA's Standards and Technology Department is composed of five product divisions which sponsor the activities of standards formulating groups consisting of Engineering Committees, their subcommittees, and working groups. These formulating groups develop voluntary industry standards and specifications for telecommunications equipment and fiber optic products. The scope statements on the following pages focus on the standards and specification writing mission of the committees and their subcommittees and working groups. All TIA engineering committees have the additional missions of: providing technical studies and support to their sponsoring TIA divisions; formulating of inputs, where appropriate, to regional and international standards bodies and; formulating of engineering and technical inputs into government entities as related to the standards in their scope, or as requested by the sponsoring TIA division or Standards and Technology Department.

Formulating groups scopes may be revised or reordered from time to time in order to carry out the mission of the committee as set forth in the Engineering Manual.

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9.4

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Celebrating its 100th anniversary, the National Fire Protection Association has led the way to fire safety since 1896. The mission of the international nonprofit organization is to reduce the burden of fire on the quality of life by advocating scientifically based consensus codes and standards, research, and education for fire and related safety issues. The Association publishes the National Fire Codes and the Learn Not to Burn Curriculum . NFPA headquarters is in Quincy, Massachusetts, USA. The lifeblood of NFPA is its consensus standards-making system, which produces the National Fire Codes, 275 codes and standards covering all areas of fire safety and used in nearly every country in the world. In some way, virtually every building, process, service, design, and installation in society today is affected by the codes and standards developed through this open system. NFPA's consensus process is dependent upon the 5,300 volunteers from a wide range of professional backgrounds who serve on more than 200 technical committees, each reflecting a balance of affected interests. Two of the many NFPA codes that have achieved worldwide recognition, adoption, and enforcement are: The Life Safety Code NFPA 101 provides requirements for building design, construction, operation, and maintenance to protect occupants from fire, smoke, and fumes or similar emergencies. The National Electrical Code NFPA 70 addresses proper electrical systems and equipment installation to protect people and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity in buildings and structures.

9.5

The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

For more than 70 years, the National Electrical Manufacturing Association has been developing standards for the electrical manufacturing industry and is today one of the leading standards development organizations in the world. As such, it contributes to an orderly marketplace and helps ensure the public safety. NEMA attempts to promote the competitiveness of its member companies by providing a forum for: the development of technical standards that are in the best interests of the industry and the users of its products; the establishment and advocacy of industry policies on legislative and regulatory matters that might affect the industry and those it serves; and the collection, analysis, and dissemination of industry data

NEMA publishes over 200 standards and offers them for sale, along with certain standards originally developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Electrotechnical Commission. In addition, the association vigorously promotes safety in the manufacture and use of electrical products, provides information about NEMA to the media and the public, conducts educational forums, and represents industry interests in new and developing technologies. NEMA, with headquarters in Rossyln, Virginia, has nearly 600 member companies, including large, medium, and small businesses. The organization is divided into nine divisions: (1) Industrial Automation, (2) Lighting Equipment, (3) Industrial Equipment, (4) Electronics, (5) Building Equipment, (6) Insulating Materials, (7) Wire and Cable, (8) Power Equipment, and (9) Diagnostic Imaging and Therapy Systems. Within the nine divisions are approximately 70 product-specific sections, which hold primary responsibility for development and maintenance of up-to-date product standards.

9.6

Federal Communications Authority (FCC)

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent United States government agency, directly responsible to Congress. The FCC was established by the Communications Act of 1934 and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable. The FCC's jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. possessions.

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The FCC is directed by five Commissioners appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate for 5-year terms, except when filling an unexpired term. The President designates one of the Commissioners to serve as Chairperson. Only three Commissioners may be members of the same political party. None of them can have a financial interest in any Commission-related business. As the chief executive officer of the Commission, the Chairman delegates management and administrative responsibility to the Managing Director. The Commissioners supervise all FCC activities, delegating responsibilities to staff units and Bureaus. The Commission staff is organized by function. There are six operating Bureaus. The Bureaus are: Mass Media, Cable Services, Common Carrier, Compliance and Information, Wireless Telecommunications, and International. These Bureaus are responsible for developing and implementing regulatory programs, processing applications for licenses or other filings, analyzing complaints, conducting investigations, and taking part in FCC hearings. The staff offices are: Public Affairs, Managing Director, General Counsel, Engineering and Technology, Workplace Diversity, Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs, Plans and Policy, Inspector General, Communications Business Opportunities, and Administrative Law Judges.

9.7

Underwriters Laboratories Inc (UL)

UL is the leading third-party certification organization in the United States and the largest in North America. As a not-for-profit product safety testing and certification organization, UL has been evaluating products in the interest of public safety since 1894. Since its creation, UL has played a key role in the U.S. Safety System, and the familiar UL Mark has become known worldwide as a symbol of safety. While the UL Mark is a familiar marking on products, UL's activities involve evaluating more than 16,500 different types of products for safety hazards, developing standards to test products, and registering the quality systems of organizations worldwide to various quality standards, including ISO 9000 and QS9000 standards. UL Standards contain the technical requirements used to evaluate products, and are developed with the input of many other affected parties including manufacturers, jurisdictional authorities, code developers and others. This open process of standards development creates effective product safety requirements which manufacturers use in designing and producing safer products. And, UL Standards are designed to be compatible with the U.S. National Electrical Code and other nationally recognized installation, building and safety codes. As a leading developer of safety standards, UL publishes its Standards for the benefit of the entire safety community. Of the more than 726 UL Standards for Safety currently in use, nearly 80 percent have been approved as American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). New UL Standards are being published on a regular basis while existing Standards are constantly evaluated as part of an on-going cycle of revision and update. UL Standards are available from our distributors in several formats to make accessing this important safety information more convenient for all users. UL distributes a free Catalog of Standards. A Product Index is available to help users of its Standards.

9.8

Lightning Protection Institute (LPI)

The Lightning Protection Institute was founded in 1955. In 1978 it was chartered as a not-for-profit corporation of the state of Illinois. Aims and objectives of the Lightning Protection Institute are to... 1.Develop means of protecting life and property from loss by lightning. 2.Assure greater public safety by extending the use of proper lightning protection systems. 3.Inform the public in regard to proper and positive lightning protection. 4.Compile and disseminate data and information on lightning, and on losses caused by lightning. 5.Initiate and conduct lightning protection research and development. 6.Formulate and promote standards for lightning protection materials and systems. 7.Conduct educational programs on the science and methods of lightning protection. 8.Conduct training and educational programs for installers, designers, and inspectors of lightning protection systems. 9.Test and certify competence in lightning protection systems design, installation, and inspection. 10.Promote and enforce high standards of quality and safety in the design and installation of lightning protection systems.

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10 Appendix A - List of Referenced Standards


FCC Part 68 Connection of Terminal Equipment to the Telephone Network GR-974-CORE Generic Requirements for Telecommunications Line Protector Units (TLPUs) GR-1089-CORE Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety Generic Criteria for Network telecommunications Equipment GR-1361-CORE Generic Requirements for Gas Tube Protector Units (GTPUs) GR-2908-CORE Generic Requirements for Surge Protectors on Coaxial Lines at Customers Premises IEEE C62.1 Standard for Gapped Silicon Carbide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.2 Guide for the application of Gapped Silicon Carbide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.11 Standard for Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.22 Guide for the Application of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for AC Systems IEEE C62.31 Standard Test Specifications for Gas Tube Surge Protective Devices IEEE C62.32 Standard Test Specifications for Low Voltage Air Gap Surge Protective Devices (excluding Valve and Expulsion type devices) IEEE C62.33 Standard Test Specifications for Varistor Surge Protective Devices IEEE C62.34 Standard for Performance of Low Voltage Surge Protective Devices (Secondary Arresters) IEEE C62.35 Standard Test Specifications for Avalanche Junction Semiconductor Surge Protective Devices IEEE C62.36 Standard Test Methods for Surge Protectors Used in Low Voltage Data, Communications, and Signaling Circuits IEEE C62.37 Standard Test Specifications for Thyristor Diode Surge Protective Devices IEEE C62.41 Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.42 Guide for the Application of Gas Tube and Air Gap Arrestor Low Voltage Surge Protective Devices (IEEE C62.43 Guide for the Application of Surge Protectors Used in Low Voltage Data, Communications, and Signaling Circuits)*

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IEEE C62.45 Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to Low Voltage AC Power Circuits IEEE C62.48 Guide on Interactions Between Power System Disturbances and Surge Protection Devices (IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specifications for Surge Protectors used in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits)* (IEEE C62.72 Guide for Application of Surge Protectors used in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits)* LPI-175 Standard of Practice LPI-177 Inspection Guide for LPI Certified Systems NEMA LS 1 Low Voltage Surge Protective Devices NFPA 70 National Electric Code NFPA 780 Installation of Lightning Protection Systems TIA/EIA TSB31-B Telecommunications Systems Bulletin Part 68 Rationale and Measurement Guidelines UL 96 Lightning Protection Components UL 96A Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection Systems UL 497 Protectors for Paired Conductor Communications Circuits UL 497A Secondary Protectors for Communications Circuits UL 497B Protectors for Data Communications and Fire Alarm Circuits UL 497C Protectors for Coaxial Communications Circuits UL 1449 Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors UL 1459 Telephone Equipment UL 1950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business Equipment * = Standards marked with an asterisk are not yet published and are subject to change. FCC Federal Communications Commission GR Bellcore Generic Requirements IEEE Institute Of Electrical and Electronic Engineers LPI - Lightning Protection Institute NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association NFPA National Fire Protection Association TIA/EIA Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Association UL Underwriters Laboratories

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11 Appendix B - TIA Engineering Committees


Engineering Committee Scope Manual TR-8 Mobile and Personal Private Radio Standards TR-14 Point-to-Point Communications TR-29 Facsimile Systems and Equipment TR-30 Data Transmission Systems and Equipment TR-32 Personal Communications Equipment TR-34 Satellite Equipment and Systems TR-41 User Premises Telephone Equipment Requirements TR-41.1 Multi-Line Telecommunications Systems (MLTS) TR-41.2 Conformity Assessment TR-41.3 Analog and Digital Wireline Telephones TR-41.3.1 Caller I.D. TR-41.5 Multimedia-Building Distribution TR-41.6 Wireless User Premises Equipment TR-41.7 Environmental and Safety Considerations TR-41.8 Commercial and Residential Building Cabling Systems TR-41.8.1 Commercial and Industrial Building Cable TR-41.8.2 Residential & Light Communication Premises Distribution TR-41.8.3 Commercial Building Telecommunications Pathways/Spaces and Administration TR-41.8.4 Campus Outside Plant TR-41.8.5 Telecommunications Infrastructure Terminology TR-41.9 Terminal Attachment Programs TR-41.10 Private Integrated Systems Networks (PISN) TR-45 Mobile and Personal Communications Systems Standards TR-46 Mobile & Personal Communications 1800 Standards FO-2 Committee on Optical Communication Systems FO-6 Fiber Optics TR-14 Point-to-Point Communications Responsible for standards and recommended practices relating to terrestrial fixed point-to-point radio communications equipment and systems (microwave radio), primarily in the frequency bands above 960 MHz. (Excluded are land-mobile fixed stations operating below 960 MHz and ground communications equipment operating in conjunction with space communications systems.) [TR-14 is sponsored by the Wireless Communications Division.] TR-14.3 Station Grounding Standards and recommendations for grounding of microwave communication systems, including microwave equipment, multiplex and signaling equipment, towers, antenna systems, power systems, building alarm systems, lightning protection systems, and other accessories. TR-41 User Premises Telephone Equipment Requirements Responsible for standards and recommendations relating to telecommunication terminal equipment, user telecommunication systems, private telecommunication networks, private network mobility, unlicensed wireless user premises equipment, and auxiliary equipment and devices, used for voice service and integrated voice-data service. Network interface characteristics are addressed from a terminal equipment perspective. TR-41 is also responsible for standards and recommendations on customer premises for premises wiring necessary for voice and data communications and distribution of multimedia services.

ERICO, Inc. 1998

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Doc: Standards.doc, Printed: February 3, 1999

Standards include service and performance criteria as well as information necessary for proper interworking of equipment, systems and networks with each other, the public networks, and carrier provided private line services. Work also includes regulatory, safety and environmental requirements. [TR-41 is sponsored by the User Premises Equipment Division.] TR-41.7 Environmental and Safety Considerations Develops, maintains, and recommends adoption of standards on environmental, powering, and grounding issues for telecommunications equipment included in the scope of TR-41. These standards include service and performance criteria where standards do not exist. The subcommittee may develop Guidelines for applying existing standards. This Subcommittee may also undertake such engineering studies as Committee TR-41 may request. TR-41.9 Terminal Attachment Programs Responds to Federal Communication Commission (FCC) technical concerns on subject matters relating to Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 68 and terminal attachment and advises the FCC on technical requirements in the regulatory environment. The Subcommittee initiate proposals and monitors new requirements and additions to Part 68 and CS-03 to ensure continued harmonization. Harmonization is achieved by coordinating activities with members of the Technical Task Force of the Canadian Terminal Attachment Program Advisory committee (TAPAC). The Subcommittee produces and maintains appropriate documentation relating to test procedures and compliance evaluations associated with the harmonized Part 68 requirements. This includes addenda and revisions to the test procedures, as required, whenever the FCC adopts changes to the Part 68 rules.

ERICO, Inc. 1998

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Doc: Standards.doc, Printed: February 3, 1999

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