ASME PVHO-12012

(Revision of ASME PVHO-12007)

Safety Standard for

Pressure Vessels for
Human Occupancy

A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L STA N DA R D

ASME PVHO-12012
(Revision of ASME PVHO-12007)

Safety Standard for

Pressure Vessels for
Human Occupancy

A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D

Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USA

Date of Issuance: May 31, 2012

The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015.

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Copyright 2012 by
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All rights reserved
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CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Correspondence With the PVHO Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vii
viii
x
xii

Section 1
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11

General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturers Data Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design and Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure Relief Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic Materials and Toxicity Offgas Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Risk Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
12
13
14
15

Section 2
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10

Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation of Windows in Chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair of Damaged Windows Prior to Being Placed in Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Guidelines for Application of the Requirements of Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
16
16
65
72
74
75
76
78
78
79

Section 3
3-1
3-2

Quality Assurance for PVHO Manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84
84
84

Section 4
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9

Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection and Limitations of Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection and Limitations of Piping Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85
85
86
88
88
89
90
90
91
92

Section 5
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5

Medical Hyperbaric Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PVHO System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gas Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control Systems and Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

98
98
98
98
99
99

iii

Section 6
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5

Diving Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100
100
101
103
104
105

Section 7
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-7
7-8
7-9
7-10
7-11

Submersibles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Life Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Buoyancy, Stability, Emergency Ascent, and Entanglement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

106
106
107
108
108
109
110
110
111
111
111
112

Geometry of Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stiffener Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sections Through Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Values of t/Ro and Lc /Ro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Form of Nameplate, U.S. Customary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Form of Nameplate, Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standard Window Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standard Window Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standard Window Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standard Window Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Conical Frustum Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Conical Frustum Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Spherical Sector Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Spherical Sector Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized
Internally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized
Internally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized
Externally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between
Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between
Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between
Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Hyperhemispherical and NEMO Type
Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-Term Critical Pressure of Hyperhemispherical and NEMO Type
Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seat Cavity Requirements Conical Frustum Window, Spherical Sector
Window With Conical Edge, and Flat Disk Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seat Cavity Requirements Double Beveled Disk Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7
8
8
13
14
14
18
19
20
21
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

Figures
1-7.13.1-1
1-7.13.1-2
1-7.13.1-3
1-7.13.5-1
1-9(b)-1
1-9(b)-2
2-2.2.1-1
2-2.2.1-2
2-2.2.1-3
2-2.2.1-4
2-2.5.1-1
2-2.5.1-2
2-2.5.1-3
2-2.5.1-4
2-2.5.1-5
2-2.5.1-6
2-2.5.1-7
2-2.5.1-8
2-2.5.1-9
2-2.5.1-10
2-2.5.1-11
2-2.5.1-12
2-2.5.1-13
2-2.5.1-14
2-2.5.1-15
2-2.10.1-1
2-2.10.1-2

iv

33
34
35
36
37
38
40
41
45
46

2-2.10.1-3
2-2.10.1-4
2-2.10.1-5
2-2.10.1-6
2-2.10.1-7
2-2.10.1-8
2-2.11.10-1
2-2.11.10-2

2-2.14.11-1
2-2.14.15-1
2-2.14.16-1
2-2.14.22-1
2-2.14.24-1
4-9.14.2-1

Tables
1-10-1
2-2.3.1-1
2-2.3.1-2
2-2.3.1-3

2-2.3.1-4
2-2.3.1-5
2-2.3.2-1
2-2.14.13-1
2-2.14.13-2
2-3.4-1
2-3.4-2
2-4.5-1
4-2.1.1-1
4-7.1-1
4-9.14.2-1
Forms
GR-1
GR-1S
VP-1
VP-2
VP-3
VP-4
VP-5
VP-6

Seat Cavity Requirements Spherical Sector Window With

Square Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seat Cavity Requirements Hemispherical Window With
Equatorial Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seat Cavity Requirements Cylindrical Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seat Cavity Requirements Hyperhemispherical Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seat Cavity Requirements NEMO Window (Standard Seat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seat Cavity Requirements NEMO Window (Seat With Extended Cyclic
Fatigue Life) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bevels on Window Edges Flat Disk Windows, Conical Frustum
Windows, Spherical Sector Windows, Hyperhemispheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bevels on Window Edges Flanged Hemispherical Window, Spherical
Sector Window With Square Edge, External Pressure and Internal
Pressure of Cylindrical Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dimensional Tolerances for Penetrations in Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dimensional Tolerances for Inserts in Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical Shapes of Inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seal Configurations for Inserts in Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restraints for Inserts in Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flow Diagram of Apparatus for Measuring the Concentration of
Hydrocarbons in a Stream of Air or Other Gas After It Has Passed
Through a Test Hose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47
48
49
50
51
52
54

55
59
62
63
64
66

97

Conversion Factor, Fp (For PVHO Occupation Exceeding 8 hr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Conversion Factors for Acrylic Flat Disk Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conversion Factors for Acrylic Conical Frustum Windows and Double
Beveled Disk Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conversion Factors for Acrylic Spherical Sector Windows With Conical
Edge, Hyperhemispherical Windows With Conical Edge, and NEMO
Type Windows With Conical Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conversion Factors for Acrylic Spherical Sector Windows With Square
Edge and Hemispherical Windows With Equatorial Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conversion Factors for Acrylic Cylindrical Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conical Frustum Windows for Design Pressures in Excess of 10,000 psi
(69 MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specified Values of Physical Properties for Polycarbonate Plastic . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specified Values of Physical Properties for Cast Nylon Plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specified Values of Physical Properties for Each Lot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specified Values of Physical Properties for Each Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annealing Schedule for Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Seamless Pipe and Tube Materials
Not Listed in Nonmandatory Appendix A of ASME B31.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for Pressure Welds
in Piping Systems for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maximum Allowable Concentration of Hydrocarbons in Air Passing
Through Hose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

97

Manufacturers Data Report for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy . . . .

Manufacturers Data Report Supplementary Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabrication Certification for Acrylic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acrylic Window Design Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material Manufacturers Certification for Acrylic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material Testing Certification for Acrylic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure Testing Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acrylic Window Repair Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4
5
17
58
68
70
77
80

15
22
23

23
24
24
25
61
61
67
69
73
86
91

Mandatory Appendices
I
Reference Codes, Standards, and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmandatory Appendices
A
Design of Supports and Lifting Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B
Recommendations for the Design of Through-Pressure Boundary
Penetrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
Recommended Practices for Color Coding and Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D
Guidelines for the Submission of a PVHO Case for the Use of
Nonstandard Designs, Materials, and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E
Useful References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vi

113
115
120
121
124
125
131