Practice test, Topics 1 to 5, 9, 10 Full marks out of 90 Question 1 2 3 Mark Out of 10 10 11 Suggested time 80 min

4 10

5 19

6 18

7 12

1. a) Write a short paragraph on the principles behind chromatography. In your discussion include the terms: stationary phase, mobile phase, Rf values, solubility, separation, solvent. Include 1 application of chromatography. [7]

b) (past exam question summer 2010, reworded) The Rf value of the amino acid glycine is 0.5. Given that all amino acids are colorless and that ninhydrin is a substance that reacts with all amino acids to give a purple color, describe how you could show that glycine was present in a sample containing a mixture of amino acids. [3]

2. (exact past exam question) a) The major impurity in the zinc is cadmium. The boiling point of zinc is 907oC and that of cadmium is 767oC. Describe a technique which could be used to separate these two metals. [2]

b) Describe how you would separate zinc from a mixture of zinc powder and...... iron powder [2]

sodium chloride powder [2]

c) Iodine crystals can be sublimed at 60oC under slightly reduced pressures. I) Explain what sublimation is. [1]

ii) Zinc does not sublime when heated to 60oC. Explain why sublimation may still not be unsuitable for the separation of iodine from zinc, [2] and describe another suitable method [1].

3. (past exam question, Nov11 paper 3 variant 1, adopted) Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of a molten mixture of alumina, which is aluminium oxide, and cryolite. (a) (i) Alumina is purified aluminium oxide obtained from the main ore of aluminium. Name this ore. [1] (ii) Explain why it is desirable industrially to use a mixture, alumina and cryolite, rather than just alumina.[2]

(iii) Copper can be extracted by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution. Suggest why the method of electrolysing an aqueous solution cannot be used to extract aluminium. [2]

(b) Explain where and how the electrolysis products in this reaction are formed. Use equations where appropriate, and describe the half reactions as reduction or oxidation. [6]

4. (past exam Nov11 paper 3 variant 3, adopted) Use your copy of the Periodic Table to answer these questions. Choose an element from the Periodic Table to match each description. You may give either the name or the symbol. (I) It is the most reactive non-metal. ......................................................................................... [1] (ii) It is the only metal which is a liquid at r.t.p.. ..................................................................... [1] (iii) It is used in overhead electrical cables. ............................................................................. [1] (iv) This Group VII element is a solid at r.t.p.. ............................................................................ [1] (v) This element is in Group VI and Period 4. ............................................................................. [1] (vi) This unreactive gas is used to ll balloons............................................................................ [1] (b) Predict the formula of each of the following compounds. (i) manganese(IV) oxide ....................................................................................................... (ii) tellurium bromide ................................................................................................. [2] (c) Give the formula of each of the following ions. (i) strontium .................................................................................................................... (ii) uoride ................................................................................................................. [2] 5. (Note. find x type questions are popular past-exam question on moles) This question is about metal carbonates. Sodium carbonate can be found in the anhydrous form or the hydrated form, Na2CO3xH2O. A student weighed out a 7.67 g of sample of anhydrous sodium carbonate. The solid was dissolved in water, and the solution was allowed to evaporate. On the next day the student weighed the mass of the hydrated sodium carbonate and found it to be 19.4 grams. i) Calculate the molar mass of sodium carbonate. [1], and the number of moles of genuine sodium carbonate in the hydrated version of the compound [1] (RAM: Na = 23, C = 12, O = 16)

ii) Calculate the mass of water in the hydrated sodium carbonate [1] and calculate the corresponding number of moles [1]

(iii) Calculate x from the results above. [1] (iv) The theoretical value of x is 10. Given that the student's technique was correct, suggest what might have happened that resulted in an erroneous value of x. [1]

(v) Compare the stability of sodium carbonate vs. copper(II) carbonate. Use equation(s) to show the reaction(s) that take place when each substance is heated [3]

(vi) Copper(II) carbonate reacts with nitric acid, HNO3, to form copper(II) nitrate, water and carbon dioxide. I) (past exam question) Suggest why it is necessary to use Roman numerals after the name of the metal. [1]

II) Write a balanced equation for this reaction.[2]

III) A student reacted 4.94 grams of copper(II) carbonate with 120.0 mL of 0.600 mol/dm3 nitric acid. Show that the copper(II) carbonate is in excess. [3] (Atomic mass of copper / carbon / oxygen = 63.5, 12 and 16, respectively)

IV) Calculate the expected volume of carbon dioxide formed from this reaction under r.t.p.. The molar volume of any gas at r.t.p. is 24.0 dm3. [2]

V) Write an equation for the thermal decomposition of copper nitrate. [2]

6. I) Electrolysis of molten sodium bromide, dilute aqueous sodium bromide and concentrated aqueous sodium bromide each affords different results. For each case, write down the observation at the cathode, the observation at the anode, and the equation for the overall reaction [9]

Cathode observation Molten

Anode observation

Equation

Dilute aqueous

Concentrated aqueous

II) Sodium bromide melts only when heated above 700oC. Explain why NaBr has a high melting point. [3]

III) State the two different ways within the apparatus by which electricity is conducted during the electrolysis of molten sodium bromide.[2]

IV) The electrodes used during the electrolysis of sodium bromide is made of graphite. Describe the bonding within graphite, and explain why it has thermal and electrical properties that allow it to serve its function during the electrolysis of sodium bromide. [4]

7.

This question is about comparing metal reactivities and non-metal reactivities.

I) Nothing will happen when aqueous bromine is shaken with aqueous sodium chloride. Explain why. [2]

II) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between aqueous bromine and aqueous sodium iodide[1].

III) The following observations were made during the investigation of the reactivity of some unfamiliar metals: SnCl2 + Cu = no reaction Ag + CuCl2 = no reaction Sr + SnCl2 SrCl2 + Sn Formulate a reactivity series between the 4 metals above. [3]

IV) Describe the color change when copper metal is placed in a solution containing silver ions [2]

V) Will it be feasible to obtain metallic tin (Sn) by reacting its ore with carbon? Explain. [2]

VI) Draw a dot and cross structure of strontium chloride, showing outer shell electrons only. [2]