Bicolano

Main article: Bicolano people The Bicolanos originated in Bicol, Luzon. There are several Bicolano languages, of which there is a total of about 3.5 million speakers.[5] Their language is referred to as Bikol or Bicolano. [edit]Ibanag Main article: Ibanag people The Ibanags are an ethnic group numbering around half a million people, who inhabit the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela, and Nueva Vizcaya. [edit]Ilocano Main article: Ilocano people The Ibanag, Ivatan, the Ilocano people are the inhabitants of the lowlands, and coastal areas of northern Luzon.[6] Ilocano are also found in central Luzon, Metro Manila, and some towns in the Visayas, and Mindanao.[6][7] There are about 8 million speakers of Ilocano,[8] and most of these individuals are Christians. [edit]Ivatan Main article: Ivatan people The Ivatan are predominant in the Batanes Islands of the Philippines. They have close cultural links with Tagalogg aborigines. [edit]Kapampangan Main article: Kapampangan people The Kapampangan or Capampagan (English: Pampangan; Spanish: Pampangueo or Pampango) people originate from the central plains of Luzon, starting from Bataan up to Nueva Ecija. TheKapampangan language is spoken by more than two million people. In the Spanish colonial era, Pampanga was known to be a source of valiant soldiers. There was a Kapampangan contingent in the colonial army who helped defend Manila against the Chinese Pirate Limahon. They also helped in battles against the Dutch, the English and Muslim raiders.[9]:3 Kapampangans, along with the Tagalogs, played a major role in the Philippine Revolution.[10] [edit]Moro Main articles: Moro people, Maguindanao, Maranao, Tausug people, Yakan, Sangir, Illanun, and Banguingui

The Moros comprise of various ethnolinguistic groups in southern, and western Mindanao who are the same as other Filipinos, but whose religion is Islam. The largest of these are the Tausug, theMaguindanao, the Maranao, the Samal, the Yakan, and the Banguingui. These ethnolinguistic groups are different in terms of culture, religion, and have been politically independent.[11] Muslim Filipinos have an independent justice, and education system based in Cotabato City. They form about 5-10% of the Philippine population,[12] making them the sixth largest ethnic group in the country. [edit]Pangasinense Main article: Pangasinan people Pangasinense are the ninth largest Filipino ethnic group. They originated from the northwestern seaboard of Luzon.[13] [edit]Sambal Main article: Sambal people The Sambal are the inhabitants of the province of Zambales, and the city of Olongapo in the Philippines. Sambals currently make up a large proportion of the population in the municipalities of Zambales province north of Iba. [edit]Subanon Main article: Subanon people The name Subanon (also spelled Subanen or Subanun) means "river people", which is derived from the word "suba" or river. The Subanon, also known in the Anglicized form as "Subanen," is a tribe indigenous to the Zamboanga Peninsula area, particularly living in the mountainous areas of Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte and Misamis Occidental. The Subanon people speak the Subanon language. As the name implies, these people originally lived along riverbanks in the lowlands, however due to disturbances and competitions from related groups such as the Muslim Maguindanaon andChristian Bisaya, these peace-loving people are now found residing in the mountains.[14] The Subanons regularly move from one location to another to clear more forest for fields. They cultivate crops, with rice as the most important crop, but they are also known to raise livestock including pigs, chickens, cattle, and water buffaloes. Subanon houses are built along hillsides and ridges overlooking family fields. The homes are usually rectangular and raised on stilts with thatched roofs. [edit]Tagalog Main article: Tagalog people

The Tagalogs, the first settlers of Manila and its surrounding areas, are one of the most widespread groups of people in the Philippines.[15][15][15][16] The Tagalog language was chosen as an official language of the Philippines in the 1930s. Today, Filipino, a de facto version of Tagalog, is taught throughout the islands.[17] As of the 2000 census, there were about 21.5 million speakers of Tagalog in the Philippines, 23.8 million worldwide. [15][18] [edit]Visayan Main articles: Visayans, Cebuano people, Hiligaynon people, and Waray people The term Visayans refer to several ethnolinguistic groups living in the Visayas region. Some of these individuals are also found in some parts of Mindanao. There are various Visayan languagesspoken in the Central Philippine region. They mostly include Cebuano,[19] Ilonggo,[20] and Waray-Waray.[21] These particular groups share nearly the same history, maritime civilization, culture and traditions. As such, their languages mostly within the Visayan island group were said to be actually one dialect continuum of Visayan due to their great lexical and grammatical semblance to each other.[22] It was also hypothesized that scattered present-day Visayans originated from a proto-ethnic group that fled Sri Vijaya, a major thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia during 13th century. There are some ethnolinguistic groups that have languages which are classified as Visayan, but do not identify themselves as Visayan, such as the Tausug, which speak a Visayan language yet are predominantly Muslim. Some of these only use the Visayan identity to refer to those who are Christian.[23][23][23] Other ethnic groups belong here such as the Romblomanon, Masbateo, Karaya, Aklanon and Cuyonon of Palawan. [edit]Chavacanos Main articles: Zamboangueo, Cavite Chavacano People, Ermite Chavacano People, Ternate People, Cotabate Chavacano People, and Castellano Abakay People The Chavacanos are an ethnic group numbering around a million people, who inhabit the provinces and cities of Cavite(the Caviteo Chabacano), Zamboanga City(Zamboangueo or Chavacano),Zamboanga Provinces(Zamboangueo), Basilan (Zamboangueo), Sulu (Zamboangueo), TawiTawi (Zamboangueo) Ternate(Ternateo Chabacano), Ermita(Ermiteo Chabacano),Cotabato(Cotabate Chavacano), Davao(Castellano Abakay) and Malaysia(Zamboangueo). [edit]Tribal

group

Main article: Tribal groups of the Philippines

There are more than 100 highland, lowland, and coastland tribal groups in the Philippines. These include: [edit]Badjao The Badjao are found in the Sulu Archipelago. [edit]Igorot
The falaka or "bachelor's hat" is a garment worn by men from the Bontoc people

The Igorot (Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao, Isneg, Kalinga, Kankana-ey, Kalanguya), live in the highlands of Luzon. They are primarily located in the Cordillera Administrative Region.[24] [edit]Ilongots The Ilongot are a headhunting ethnic group found in the Caraballo Mountains. [edit]Lumad The Lumad of Mindanao includes several tribes such as the Manobo, the Tasaday, the Mamanwa, the Mandaya, the Bilaan and the Kalagan. They primarily inhabit the eastern parts of Mindanao such as the Caraga, and Davao Regions. [edit]Mangyan The Mangyan are found in Mindoro. they are 13% in the population. [edit]Negrito groups The Negrito, Aeta, Batak, and Mamanwa live in remote areas throughout the islands. [edit]Palawan Tribes The tribes of Palawan are a diverse group of tribes primarily located in the island of Palawan and its outlying islands. These tribal groups are widely distributed to the long strip of mainland island literally traversing Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Palawan is home to many indigenous peoples whose origins date back thousands of centuries. Pre-historic discoveries reveal how abundant cultural life in Palawan survived before foreign occupiers and colonizers reached the Philippine archipelago. Today, Palawan is making its best to preserve and conserve the richness of its cultural groups. The provincial government strives to support the groups of indigenous peoples of Palawan. [edit]Batak The Batak is a group of indigenous Filipino people that resides in the northeast portion of Palawan.

[edit]Palawan The Palawans are tribal people found in Southern Palawan particularly Quezon, Palawan. [edit]Kagayanen The Kagayanen are from the municipality of Cagayancillo, Palawan province. There are about 36,000 Kagayanen in the Philippines. [edit]Molbog The Molbog (referred to in the literature as Molebugan or Molebuganon) are concentrated in Balabak island and are also found in other islands of the coast of Palawan as far north as Panakan. The word Malubog means "murky or turbid water". The Molbog are probably a migrant people from nearby North Borneo. Judging from their dialect and some sociocultural practices, they seem to be related to the Orang Tidung or Tirum (Camucone in Spanish), an Islamized indigenous group native to the lower east coast of Sabah and upper East Kalimantan. However, some Sama words (of the Jama Mapun variant) and Tausug words are found in the Molbog dialect after a long period of exposure with those ethnics. This plus a few characteristics of their socio-cultural life style distinguish them from the Orang Tidung. Molbog livelihood includes subsistence farming, fishing and occasional barter trading with the Sulu Bangsa Moro and nearby Sabah market centers. In the past, both the Molbog and the Palawanon Muslims were ruled by Sulu datus, thus forming the outer political periphery of the Sulu Sultanate. Intermarriage between Tausug and the Molbog hastened the Islamization of the Molbog. The offsprings of these intermarriages are known as kolibugan or "half-breed". [edit]Tagbanwa The Tagbanwas are found in the western and eastern coastal areas of central Palawan. Their name means "people of the world". They are concentrated in the municipalities of Aborlan, Quezonand the city of Puerto Princesa. Two other ethnic groups called "Tagbanwa" (i.e. the Central Tagbanwa and the Calamian Tagbanwa) are from a different family of languages and should not be confused the Tagnbanwas discussed here. These are found Coron Island, Northern Palawan, Busuanga Island and the Baras coast. The Central Tagbanwa language is dying out as the younger generations are learning Cuyonon and Tagalog. The Tagbanwas speak the Tagbanwa language and has several sub-dialects. They are able to comprehend Tagalog, and, depending on their proximity to neighboring groups, Batak, Cuyonen and Calamian languages. They usually dress like the non-tribal lowlanders. However, elder men prefer to wear G-string while tilling or fishing. Houses are built from available forest materials. Bamboo and wood are used for the house's frame anahaw leaves are used to create walls and the roof and bamboo slats are used as flooring. Their

basic social unit is the nuclear family which is composed of a married couple and their children. [edit]Taaw't Bato The Taaw't Batos' name means "people of the rock". They are not actually a separate language or ethnic group, but rather a small community of traditional S.W. Palawanos who happen to reside in the crater of an extinct volcano during certain seasons of the year, in houses built on raised floors inside caves though others have set their homes on the open slopes. They are found in the Singnapan Basin, a valley bounded by Mount Mantalingajan on the east and the coast on the west. North of them is the municipality of Quezon, Palawan and to the South are the still unexplored regions of Palawan. As of 1987, their population was about 198. Note that the common-seen spelling "Tau't Bato" or "Tau't Batu" is a misspelling based on the Tagalog word for "human" (tao). The Palawano word is "taaw." The men of the tribe wear G-strings while the women cover their lower bodies with bark or cloth that is made into a skirt. The upper half is left exposed although some now wear blouses that are bought from the market. The people practice agriculture with cassava as the major source of carbohydrates. They also plant sweet potatoes, sugarcane, malunggay (Moringa oleifera), garlic, pepper, string beans, squash, tomatoes and pineapples. Others practice fishing, hunting and industrial arts. Their social organizations are based on family (kin ties), band (type of substinence activity) and settlement (geographic location). [edit]Tumandok The Tumandok people are an indigenous group who live between Capiz and Lambunao on Panay island. They are the only group of Visayan people to have fully retained their preHispanic way of life and customs into the modern day, mostly due to their isolation in the mountainous interior of Panay.