Common mistakes & how to avoid them Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Topic Magnetic field and field

lines Common slips made Direction of magnetic field lines inside and outside of a magnet How to avoid Direction of magnetic field lines inside magnet is considered from south pole to north pole and outside of a magnet it is from north pole to south pole. Make use of right hand thumb rule.

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Magnetic field due to a currentcarrying conductor Force on a currentcarrying conductor in a magnetic field Electric motor

Representation of magnetic field lines of current carrying straight wire, circular loop and solenoid Confusion about use of Flemings left-hand rule and right-hand rule

Function of split ring in electric motor

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Electromagnetic Cause of electromagnetic induction induction

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Electromagnetic induction Electric generator

Direction of induced current Confusion over the working and construction of electric motor and electric generator

Flemings left-hand rule is used to find the direction of force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. Split ring acts as a commutator whose function is to reverse the current Whenever there is a change in magnetic filed inside the conductor either by motion of magnet or due to change in current or by any other means, the electromagnetic induction occurs. For this Flemings right hand rule is used. Working of electric generator depends upon phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. In electric generator two rings are

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Electric generator

Generation of alternating and direct currents

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Domestic electric circuits

Connection of appliances in domestic circuits

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Domestic electric circuits

Short-circuiting or overloading and use of fuse

used while in electric motor only one split ring is used. In ac generator two rings are used while in dc generator one splittype ring is used Appliances are connected in parallel not in series so that they get equal operating voltage. Fuse is a safety device used for protecting the circuits due to shortcircuiting or overloading of the circuits.

Sources of energy Topic Sources of energy Common slips made Non-conventional (alternative) and conventional sources of energy How to avoid Non-conventional (alternative) sources of energy are those which are exposed to use from modern technological advancements; rather than the normal use of conventional fuels as energy sources like gas or oil. E.g. Solar energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, nuclear energy. In nuclear fission one big nucleus splits in to smaller nuclei while in nuclear fusion smaller nuclei combine to form a bigger nucleus. Converging, i. e., concave mirror is used to focus the light in solar cooker. Fossil fuels are the conventional source of thermal energy while ocean thermal energy and

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Nuclear energy

Difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

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Solar cooker

Mirror used in solar cooker

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Thermal energy

Different sources of thermal energy

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Green house gases

Constituents of green house gases

geothermal energy are non-conventional sources of thermal energy. Other than methane (CH4) CO2, CO and NO2 are also the constituents of green house gases.