The universe is infinite and is composed that vary within infinite dimensions of infinite realities that obey infinite

physical laws

In Isaac Newton's universe there were three dimensions: length, breadth and width . These three dimensions could not be interpreted by elementary two dimensional

geometry so Newton created calculus. 'Time', in Newton's universe, was simply a measuring device which Newton called a "duration" and the transmission of light, in Newton's cosmology, was instantaneous. Length, breadth and width were considered to be "constants" and the only variable was motion. Newton also said that "gravity" was an attracting force that existed between objects. Newton's 3D cosmology worked just fine in calculating the geometry of our solar system until other astronomer/mathematicians discovered that the transmission of light was not instantaneous. These other astronomer/mathematicians determined that light was "very fast" but not instantaneous. This discovery about light speed threw a monkey wrench into Newton's celestial mechanics as applied to viewable events occurring outside of our solar system. In Albert Einstein's universe there are four dimensions: length, breadth, width (called, collectively, 'space') and time. For Einstein, stationary objects in space occupy three dimensions but these three dimensions are not constants. Einstein called the three dimensions (length, breadth and width) "Space" and considered "Time" as a forth dimension that is not just a passive measuring device but interacts dynamically with the other three. Einstein determined that all four components (length, breadth, width and time) of his cosmology were variable depending upon velocity*. To Einstein 'space-time' is the 'arena' upon-in-on which all phenomena expresses existence. Without either 'space' or 'time', existence, as we know it, is impossible. 'Space-time' is the fabric of the universe. Without 'space-time' there is 'absolute nothing'. 'Absolute nothing' is beyond the capacity of our mind to grasp. The best that we can do with 'nothing' is a 'relative nothing' or the absence of a 'thing'. 'Absolute nothing', on the other hand, is utterly without attribute and defies description.

*This is a curious conclusion because if time is variable depending upon velocity then how does one
measure 'velocity' which, typically, is 'time dependent'? Einstein determined that the speed of light was a constant and unaffected by time (or space). But

how can one determine the speed of light when time is variable? Then Stephen Hawking says, "then what happens to the velocity of light when time stops in a blackhole"?

Einstein's cosmology is phenomenal because it means that time / space and material objects are not fixed quantities, but rather, they are only temporarily fixed quantities. They become variable and their structural mechanics start to rearrange when you introduce movement. Einstein needed a constant in order to be able to measure the shifting of the structure of time / space / matter / velocity. He determined that the constant he required was the maximum speed of light, which is, the velocity of light when it is unencumbered by matter and traveling through uncompressed space with zero gravity (i.e. a pure vacuum). in a 'field' of 'light only'..... the maximum speed must be instantaneous because the light is a 'unity' Einstein also said (implied) that there are three types of "space": Traditional "space" which is (appears) empty, and a solid entity called "mass" and 'absolute space' which is immeasureable and within which traditional space and mass express their existence. In traditional geometry a three dimensional object is thought to occupy space and this analysis works fine for measuring a stationary object. However, once the object starts moving it is no longer in a 3 dimensional Newtonian universe and but enters the Einsteinian cosmology of "The Fourth Dimension".

Displacement Theory of Gravity

Gravity is described as an "apparent" attracting force that

exists between all objects that have mass. Gravity is produced by the compression/expansion of space around and between objects that, in reality, do not occupy space but, rather, displace it. The immediate space surrounding an object is expanded (stretched) and the space between objects (distance) in space is compressed. As such, 'the entity' of space exhibits characteristics identical to those of 'time'. All matter has an 'event horizon'. The 'event horizon' is the borderline between gravity being an apparent attracting force and gravity being an apparent repelling force. Within the Earth's 'event horizon' objects fall because the space is s t r e t c h e d. Outside of the Earth's 'event horizon' i.e., the space between the Earth and the Moon, space is compressed. It is the compression of space that causes gravity's apparent repelling effect. Thus "gravity" is a "push / pull" force that only seems like an exclusively (apparent) attracting force. Gravity travels at the same velocity as light. As of yet, we do not fully comprehend all of the attributes of the entity that we call 'space'.

Gravitational fields seem to bend light but the light only appears to be affected by the gravitational field. The field that is affecting the flow of light is caused by the warp of space created by the presence of matter displacing the immediate surrounding space. It is at this juncture that Stephen Hawking enters the playing field. Hawking's credentials are as impressive as Albert Einstein's and Isaac Newton's. Stephen determines that there is a theoretical place in the universe that contains huge

quantities of matter that have attained "infinite density" (a teaspoon full is estimated to weigh hundreds of tons). Stephen calls these warped vortices "black holes" because light cannot escape from the black hole's massive gravitational influence. It is theorized that the escape velocity (the speed necessary to break free of a gravitational influence) for a black hole exceeds the speed of light. Since light speed is the maximum speed limit in the universe (Einstein) then it seems that once you are in a black hole there is no escape (unless you can find a way to go faster than light and then presumably go back in time and avoid entering the blackhole in the first place). Einstein claims that material objects approaching light speed would begin to expand (mass) exponentially. As a result of the expansion there would be an infinite resistance to any increase in velocity. (Note: This is not a 'bug on the windshield' scenario, this is the vacuum of space which offers no resistance to motion). Einstein's theory established "light speed" as the maximum speed limit in the universe and also raises the possibility that a blackhole is only a handful of matter traveling at near light speed. Hawking counters by stating that a spacecraft entering the outer envelope (Event Horizon) of a black hole would appear, (to observers from a great distance), to slow down to the point that "time", as we know it, would appear to stop. The spacecraft passengers entering the blackhole would experience no temporal distortion but would, according to Hawking, "be gradually squashed into spaghetti" because of the infinitely crushing gravitational field.
This scenario seems to be somewhat reminiscent of Christopher Columbus' crew fearing falling off the edge of the Earth.

Anyhow, time, in Hawking's theory, stops or slows to a crawl in a blackhole. In other words, in a blackhole both time and velocity cease. So, the question is, "If light cannot be stopped (Einstein), and if light is trapped inside of a black hole (Hawking) where time and velocity have stopped then what is it that happens to the velocity of light without the presence of time? In other words, how do you measure "light speed" without having time as a part of the equation? It is at this juncture (paradox) that Einstein and Hawking part company. If light stops in a black hole (Hawking) then time must stop also (Einstein interpreted). Conclusion?: If black holes exist then a pure black hole would be virtually invisible because its only interaction with external space would be a massive warp in the space/time continuum. A black hole could only be detected by observing light seeming to be bent and slowed down as it passed by the event horizon (outer envelope) of the black hole.

Another interpretation (my own) is that if blackholes are actually massive accumulations of highly compressed matter, and not just a handful of matter whose mass is expanding exponentially (sub-light velocity) then what happens in a black hole is that hydrogen produces helium... then combustion... and then millions of years later the combustion reaches the surface of the blackhole which is then transformed into a star. See also, The Pixie Dust Theory of Blackholes What does all of this mean? It indicates that the universe, as we know it, is a vast vortex of energy and phenomena that 'play-out' on the fabric of space-time. It indicates that matter is stored energy (E=MC) that experiences temporal distortions and variable mass depending upon velocity. It indicates (suggests) that space and time (NOT the measurements but the 'entity' of space-time) are 'joined at the hip' and are (is) the initial ingredient for the existence of any phenomena. (Perhaps 'space' also 'flows' like time and gravity flow).

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