ADVANCED GRAMMAR

Fundamental Ideas

Grammatical Hierarchy y
Sentences Clauses Phrases Words Morphemes M h

FORM FORM vs FUNCT

Function

What it is; how it looks What its made up of Internal structure - its relationship to its constituents

How it functions Its privilege of occurrence in terms of position, mobility, & optionality External relationship to the next level up on the hierarchy

Functions in the Clause

Subject (S) Verb (V) Object (O) Complement(C) Adverbial (A) (S), Verb(V),Object(O),Complement(C),Adverbial(A) Someone[S]waslaughing[V]loudly[A]inthenextroom[A]. [ ] g g[ ] y[ ] [ ] Mymother[S]usually[A]enjoys[V]parties[O]verymuch[A]. In1945[A]thecountry[S]became[V]totallyindependent[C]. I[S]havebeen[V]inthegarden[A]allthetime[A]sincelunch[A]. Mary[S]gave[V]thevisitor[O]aglassofmilk[O]. Mostpeople[S]consider[V]thesebooksratherexpensive[C], M t l [S] id [V] th b k th i [C] actually. You[S]mustput[V]allthetoys[O]upstairs[A]immediately[A].

Grammatical Hierarchy y
Sentences (Simple Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex) (Simple, Compound Complex Compound Complex) Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA) Phrases (VP NP, AdjP AdvP PP) (VP, NP AdjP, AdvP, Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux) Morphemes (Prefixes Roots, Suffixes) (Prefixes, Roots

Grammatical Hierarchy y
Sentences (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex)
Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA) Phrases (VP, NP, AdjP, AdvP, PP)

Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux) Morphemes (Prefixes,, Roots,, Suffixes)) M p (
Subject Verb Object Complement Adverbial

Verb V b Phrase

Noun N Phrase

Adjective Adj ti Phrase

Adverb Ad b Phrase

Prep P Phrase

Grammatical Hierarchy y
Sentences (Simple,, Compound,, Complex,, Compound-Complex)) ( p p p p p Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA) Phrases (VP NP, AdjP AdvP PP) (VP, NP AdjP, AdvP, Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux) Morphemes (P fi Roots, Suffixes)) (Prefixes, R t S ffi

Grammatical Hierarchy y
Sentences (Simple Compound, Complex, Compound Complex) (Simple, Compound Complex Compound-Complex) Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA) Phrases (VP NP, AdjP Ad P PP) (VP, NP AdjP, AdvP, Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux) Morphemes (Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes) M h
Seven Clause Patterns: SV SVO SVC SVA SVOO SVOC SVOA

Clause Patterns
SV SVO SVC SVA SVOO SVOC SVOA

Two COPULAR verb patterns Five ACTION verb patterns

CopularVerb Patterns p
SV SVO

SVC SVA

SVOO SVOC SVOA

SVC

This writing assignment has been fun and interesting. (Predicate Adjectives) Red Robin is the closest restaurant. (Predicate Nominative)

fun assignment has been g Red Robin is and restaurant interesting

SVC

This writing assignment has been fun and interesting. (Predicate Adjectives) Red Robin is the closest restaurant. (Predicate Nominative)

fun and assignment has been interesting

cc

Red Robin is

restaurant

Copular Verb Patterns p

SV SVO

SVC SVA

SVOO SVOC SVOA

SVC

This writing assignment has been fun and interesting. (Predicate Adjectives) All I want for Christmas is my two front teeth. (Predicate Nominative)

SVA

Someone will be there.

SVA

Someone will be there. Jamie has recently been in her room.

Action Verb Patterns

SV
SVO SVC SVA SVOO SVOC SVOA

SV

My husband, my children, and I will be praying for your grandfather.

husband children I will be praying grandfather and

Action Verb Patterns

SV
SVO SVC SVA SVOO SVOC SVOA

SVO

Hazel ate a hamburger and some fries.

hamburger Hazel ate and fries

Action Verb Patterns

SV
SVO SVC SVA SVOO SVOC SVOA

SVOO

Mrs. Zimmerman brought Sylvia a bunch of daisies.

Mrs. Zimmerman brought

bunch daisies

Sylvia

Action Verb Patterns

SV
SVO SVC SVA SVOO SVOC SVOA

SVOC

The sixth grade class elected James their representative.

SVOC

Carl found the Smithsonians displays of aviation artifacts informative. Carl found displays informative

class elected James representative

Action Verb Patterns

SV
SVO SVC SVA SVOO SVOC SVOA

SVOA

Caroline put some sunblock on her nose.